B. B.

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n'OJJIeMeUTapnOH TeOpUH My3hlKH

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H. B. Ilaaoaa
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nan 16

OT ABTOPA

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rrpaxraxa

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AM.CTp)J(eJlHHcKYIO -sa

MeTO}J,JilCTa MOCKOBCKoro

peueaaaposanae

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cmanmunoeusa
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Anetcceeea, Iluumpus
nenaroroe-reopernxoa, orpouaoe

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MOCKBHlJeH Bopuca KOHCepeeeeuua Cnemoea -- aanesrensnoH YlJJilJlH Hac He TOJlbK

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KO npo$eCCHOHaJIbHbiM narora-narpaora.

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© "Ilpecro", 2001 r.

CO,11;EP)KAHlIE
I. 3BYK, ero CBOHCTBa. Ha3BaHHB 3BYKOB. 3HaKH aJIbTepaUHH II. HOTHaB sanacs ....................................................•..•....•.••......••................................................ 1. HOTa. Horonoceu. npaBOIHICaHl1e WTI1JIeti 11 XBOCTOB. L106aBO'lHble JII1HetiKI1 2. L1l1ana30H. Perucrp. K.nIO'I11 3. 3anl1Cb o)],HorOJIOCHOH 11 MHOrOrOJIOCHoti MY3bIKI1. Ilaprirrypa 4. 3HaKI1 COKpaweHI1JI HOTHoro nl1CbMa. MeJII13MbI III. PHTM. Merp 1. OCHoBHoe neneane )]'JII1TeJIbHOcTeti. CJIorl1 MJI 'ITeHI1JI parua 2. Pl1TM. Merp. Passrep. TaKT. 3aTaKT .. 3. YBeJII1'leHl1e )],JIl1TeJIbHOCTI1 HOTbI 4. Ilaysa 5. Pasvepu npocrsre, CJIO)!(Hble, CJIO)!(HO-CMewaHHbIe. nepeMeHHbIH MeTp 6. Cxesisr 11l1PI1)!(l1pOBaHI1JI 7. Fpynnapoaxa 8. Fpynrtnpoaxa 9. Fpynnaposxa 10. Ipyrmnposxa
MI1TeJIbHOcTeti B passrepe

5 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 12 19 21 22 23

2
4 4 4

MI1TeJIbHOCTeH

B paaxrepe

)]'JII1TeJIbHOcTeti

B pasvepe

4 3 8
11

)]'JII1TeJIbHOcTeti

B pasvepe

6 8

24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 30
raMMbl

11. Ipynnpoaxa llJII1TeJIbHOCTeH B BOKaJIbHOH MY3bIKe 12. Ocofisre BI111bI pl1TMl1'IeCKOro )],eJIeHYUI 13. Tevrr. 0603HaLJeHl1JI TeMnOB, 113MeHeHl1e resma IV. Jlan, TOHaJIbHOCTb
1.
3BYKOPJIll. Jlan. faMMa. TOHaJIbHOCTb

2. Jlanosoe TJIrOTeHl1e 3. Fnasasre cryrrenu nana 4. Maxop. BI111bI Ma)!(Opa 5. MI1HOp. BI1)]'bI Ml1HOpa 6. KOJII1'IeCTBO raMM. 3HrapMOHI13M

TOHaJIbHOcTeti L1l1e3Hble 11 6eMOJIbHble

7.

nOpJIllOK

pacnOJIO)!(eHI1JI xpyr

raMM.

31

8. Ilapannensirae

TOHaJIbHOCTI1 TOHaJIbHOCTeH

9.

KBl1HTOBbIH

10. nepeMeHHblti JIa)), ,......... 11. OllHOl1MeHHble TOHaJIbHOCTI1 12. Poncrseaasre TOHaJIbHOCTI1 13. Xpovaruaw. AJlbTepaUI1JI. MO)],YJIJIuI1JI 14. Maxopaas XpOMaTl1'IeCKaJI raMMa 15. MI1HOpHaJI XpOMam'IeCKa5i raMMa 16. BI1)]'bI XpOMaTI1'IeCKI1X 3BYKOB 17. Jlansr naponnon MY3bIKl1 18. Ilpyrne Bl1)],bI raMM 19. TpaHCn0311lil15i V. IIHTepBaJIbI . . . . .. .... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .•. 1. J1HTepBaJI. Ilpocrsre l1HTepBaJIbI 2. Cocrasnste l1HTepBaJIbI
3.
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.....

. .. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .

..

.. .

4. 5.

11)]'l1CCOHaHCbI l1HTepBaJIOB

32 33 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 44 44

4
7.
J.1HTepBaJlbI na cryrrensx J.1HTepBaJlbI na crynensx llHaToHMqecKHe BaJlbI

narypansnoro
narypansaoro

H rapMOHMqeCKOrO H rapMOHMqeCKOrO

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45

9.

8.

46

H xpOMaTMqeCKHe

HHTepBaJlbI.

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47
48 48
49
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10. TPMTOHbI .......................•..................................................................................................... 11. Xapaxrepnsre HHTepBaJlbI

12.
3HrapMoHM3M

13. Onpenenenne

VI. AKKoP.1lbI
1.
2.
BM.1lbI aKKop.1l0B rro KOJIHqeCTBY 3BYKOB Tpe3ByqM5I. 06paIll,eHM5I Tpe3ByqM5I 06paIll,eHH5I YMeHbweHHble

50 50 50
51 51 52

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...•.......................................................................................... rpesay-ma nana

3.
4.

Tpe3ByqMH B TOHaJlbHOCTH. rJIaBHbIX Tpe3ByqHH. H YBeJIHqeHHble .•............. TOHaJlbHOcTeH.

5.
6.
a. 6.

I'naaasre H 11060qHble Paspeureaae

Tpe3ByqH5I

53
54 54 54

B TOHaJlbHOCTM •••••.. OT 3BYKa. Onpenenenne

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Paapeurenae

7.
a. 6.

aKKOp.1lbJ

55
55 55 56

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8.

9.

Onpeneneuue

Paspeurenae 10. Baonaue cenTaKKOp.1lbI 11. Cerrraxxopn II crynean

12. Coenanenne

B TOHaJlbHOCTlf B TOHaJlbHOCTH

57 57 58
60

aKKOp.1l0B B uerrOlfKH TOHaJlbHbJe CPYHKUlflf 060pOTbJ B xypce llMlii ..•.......................

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15. 17. 18.
AKKOP.llbI,

61 61
63

lf3yqaeMble aKKOp.llOB

16. Ilocrpoeane
AnbTepaUH5I 3HrapMoHlf3M

aKKOp.1l0B OT 3BYKa aKKOp.llOB nponaaenenaa. MY3bIKaJlbHbIH

64
65 66

VII. MY3bIKaJIbHa.S1 tPopMa

1. CTpOeHHe 2. Ilepnon
MY3bIKaJlbHOrO <popMa CHHTaKClfC ..........••...................

3.

67 67 72 74 76
78 80 81 82

KyrrJIeTHa5I

.................................................................................................•............ .....................................................................•...•..•..•.............

74

4. npOCTa5I .1lBYXQaCTHaSJ popMa < 5. Tpexsacrnas <popMa

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10.

nOJIlf<poHHQeCKHe

CPOPMbI

llpUJIO:lKeHUe

84 88
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YMeHbweHHoe H YBeJIHQeHHOe rpeasyaae

TOHaJlbHOCT5IX cerrraxxopn, cerrraxxopn

BO scex TOHaJlbHOCT5IX

8. Ilpnxepsr ananasa nponaaenenua Butinuoepiupun

96 98
102

I.

3BYK, ero CBO:HCTBa.Ha3BaHHR

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nue

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na 6YKBax JIaTI1HCKOrO andia-

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Lento Adagio Grave Pesante

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Vivo Vivace Presto Prestissimo

BHBO BHBa'1e

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nexuroro
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XpOMaTH'-IeCKI1e 3BYKI1 B3HThI CKa'-lKOM:

Bax, Mecca h-moll, "Et incarnatus"

39

17. Jlansr HapO.lUlOH My3bIKH

Jl}IATOHI1QECKHE JIAlIbl

Iluamouuxa - narypansnsre

(6e3 xpojraruauoa)

ceuncrynennsre
aOpUUCKUU

J1aD:hI. I1x 3BYKH MorYT 6hITh BCTpetIaIOTC5I H D:PYOHH COCT05ITH3

pacnonoxeau

ITO tIHCThIM KBHHTaM.

Kpoxie

HaTypaJIhHhIX

Ma)KOpa H MHHopa

rue D:HaTOHHtIeCKHe J1aD:hI:flUaUUCKUU, 3BYKOB Ma)KOpHoi1 raMMhI,

Jl1UKCOflUaUUCKUU,

H rPPU2UUCKUU.

B35IT0i1 OT pa3HhIX cryneneii:

JIuaUUCKUU

OT11HtIaeTC5I T HaTypaJIhHOrO Ma)KOpa BhICOKOH O

OT11WIaeTC5I

IV

cryrreusto

(J1HD:11i1cKa5I xsapra). (MHKC011HD:11H-

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OT HaTypaJIhHOrO Ma)KOpa HH3KOH

VII

crynensro

CKa5I cerrrnva).

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(JJPU2UUCKUU J!OHUUCKUU

OT11HtIaeTC5I T HaTypaJIhHOrO MHHopa BhICOKOH VI cryneusro O OTJ1HtIaeTC5I narypansnoro OT nan cosnanaer MHHopa HH3KOH

(LIopHHCKa5I cexcra). C narypans-

II crynenuo

(Q:>pHfHi1cKa5IceKYHIJ:a). JIaD: connanaer

C HaTypaJIhHhIM

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r II

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IJ En ~I
ero co-

(rpes.

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neumamonutca -

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40
3TOMY neHTaTOHHKa l1CnOJIh3yeTCJIllJIJI Bblpa)l(eHl1JI nOKOJI H 6e3MJITe)l(HOCTH, B axxopnax KaK

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Ilen-

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ee Ha3bIBalOT Kl1-

otipasyror 7

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19. TpaHcrro3HUHSI
TpaHCn03HUI15I 3TO nepenecenne MY3bIKaJIbHOrO nponaeenemia HJII1 ero lJaCTl1 B

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1.
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Ilpocrsre

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Hnmepean
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(rpes.

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MHTepBaJI B nae cryneaa

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2. Cocraanue

IIHTepBaJIbI

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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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-&

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15
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(cexyana
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,n:Be BeJIllqllHhl IIHTepBaJIa. IIHTepBaJIbI OT 3BYKa

I1HTepBaJI MMeeT nse xapaKTepMCTMKI1, nne BeJII1YMHbI: cryneaesyio I1 TOHOBYlO. eeJ1UI1UHG (KOJIl1yeCTBeHHa51) naer Ha3BaHI1e MHTepBaJIY, orrpenenser KOJIWleCTBO BXOll51111MX Hero cryneaen B 3BYKOp5111a,OTBe'-IaeT na sonpoc: "l.J:TO sro?" npMMU, cexynna, TepUI151, xsapra, KBMHTa, cexcra, cerrnrva, OKTaBa. TOHOeGfl eeJ1UI1UHG (KayeCTBeHHa51) 3TO '-IMCJIO TOHOB 11 nOJIYTOHOB B I1HTepBaJIe, oraesaer Ha sortpoc: "Kaxoji?", - "l.J:MCThIH, MaJIhIH, 60JIhWOt'I, yaeJIM'-IeHHhIH M r.n.".

43
TAEJH1llA HHTEPBAJIOB OT 3BYKA

Ta6JIl1ua NQ 12
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Haasaaae
I1HTepBaJIa

Ka'-:leCTBO I1HTepBaJIa

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HOTHbIH

npmrep

cryneaea

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o TOHOB
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I TOHJ

2
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MaJIa5I 60JIblllan YBeJII1'.leHHan . MaJIan 60JIblllan

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5. Ofipauienae Otipatuenue otipanrenan

1ll1CCOHaHC3TO nepenoc

IfHTepBaJIOB

HI1)KHerO 3BYKa I1HTepBaJIa na OKTaBY

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MHHOP

mrrepnana
M3Jla51 cexynna DOJIbwa51 cexynaa YBeJIH4eHHa51 ceKYHll.a M3Jla51 TepUI151 DOJlbWa51TepUl151 YMeHbWeHHa51 KBapTa lJ.HcTa51xsapra YBeJIJ1lIeHHa51 KBapTa YMeHbWeHHa51 KBHHTa lJ.l1CTa51 KBHHTa YBeJI114eHHa51 KBHHTa M3Jla51 cexcra DOJIbwa51 cexcra M3Jla51 CeOTI1Ma DOJIbwa51 CeOTI1Ma YMeHbWeHHa51 CeOTI1Ma

0603Ha4eHHe M.2 6. 2 YB.2 M.3 6.3 YM.4 4.4 YB.4 YM.5 4.5 YB.5 M.6 6.6 M.7 6.7 YM.7

KOJl-BO
HHTep-

Crynenn II

mrrepBaJlOB

CTyneHH

BaJlOB

5
HeT

I
I 1I

III

IV IV

VI

VII

3 3

II

I
I

III

IV IV

V VI V V
VI

VII

4
3 HeT 6

III

VI

VII VII

5
2

II

VII VII

III

I I II

III

IV

4
2 2

I I
6 HeT 3

VI

II

III

IV
II

VI VII

II I III

IV

V V V

VI

VII

4 I
.J

I I I

IV
III

V V V

VI VII

I I

4 5 2
HeT

III IV IV II
III

II

VI VI

VII VII

"

4
3 3

II lli
II III

IV IV

VI VI

VII

47
Jls MHHOP HaTYPaJIbHbIM CeKyHlIbI
6.7

JI5I MHHOP rapMOHW-IeCKHM

~M2

T:PII

d) I V

~ "dJ

cP

0
~

M.2

6.2

00 II VII
TepUlIH

III

IV
6.3

VI

T:PII
M.3

d) V
~
II

loul
VII

"dJ~ I III
6.3

cP

1#00
VI

YB.2

II

IV

M.3

II ~
I

II IV

Ig n
III
YB.4

II
KBapTbI

VI VII

I~ n
I
KBHHTbI
~"4

IV
~
III

#~
VII
YB.4

Ig
III

8
V
YM.4

II
VI

II

I I

~"4

~
I

II III

IV

gggI
V VII

II III
CeKCTbI

g
I
4.5

g
II

g I#g
V IV

g Ilg
VI VII
YB.5
YM.5

II

VI
YM.5

~"5

::

eIII

0
V
6.6
0

::
e-

0 1"0
u
II

IV

VI VII

I~ I~
CerrTI1MbI

!!

0
V

::
VI

I"()
u II
6.6

IV
~1.6
()

10 1#0 eVII
III
()

II

~M6

()
e-

: 1 u u : II
V
III

II

IV

VI VII
6.7

e-

: I: 110
V VII

u
II

eIII

u :;
IV
y~L7

II

VI

¥l

I) U

e-

U
IV

: : :: II
0
1

01.7

e-

I~
H YMeHbIIIeHHbIe

()

II

VII

III

VI

u
II

U
IV

: 11
V

6.7
0 0

e-

eIII

VI

:: I 1°

II

VII

9.
I1HTepBaJIbI,

,Il;HaTOHHlJeCKHe H xpOMaTHlJeCKHe YBeJIHlJeHHbIe

HHTepBaJIbI.

HHTepBaJIbI

xoropsre 37).

COCT05IT H3

D,I1aTOHI1'-leCKHX (HeH3MeHeHHblx)

crynenea
raMMbl,

raMMbI,

Ha3bIBaIOTC5Iouamonuuectcuuu. I1HTepBaJIbI, B KOTOPbIX ecri, H3MeHeHHble

xpOMamUtteCKUMU.

(ansrepnpoaannsre)

crynemr

Ha3bIBaroTC5I HJIH

(CM. c.

JIro60M

lIHaTOHH'-leCKHM HHTepBaJI MO)KHO YBeJIH'-lHTb HJII1 YMeHhWI1Tb * H3 lfHCThIX If MaJIhiX.

noasnuenaeu

nOHH)KeHHeM cryneneii,

H3 KOTOPbIX OH COCTOHT.YBeJUIlfeHHhIe HHTepBaJIbI rrOJIY'-laroTC5IH3 lfHCThIX

H 60JIhWHX, YMeHhweHHhle -

till u: I kol ~ol ami ~ol kull

YM.2 YM.3 YM.4 YM.5 YM.6 y~1.7 yM.8
o 0-& -&

YB.]

YB.2

YB.3

YB.4

YB.5

YB.6

YB.7

YB.8

-e-

-&

-&

-&~&i#o-&

I I, I #,,1
0-&

-&

#01

-&

Unl lei #ull

-&

-o-

OT

YBeml.'-leHH5I HJII1 YMeHhWeHH5I

na

nsa

xpOMaTH'-leCKHX rrOJIYTOHa MorYT

rrOJIY'-lHTbC5I

.1BIDKD,hl YBeJIHlfeHHhIeHJII1 D,BIDK,llhl MeHhweHHhIe HHTepBaJIhr: Y

I1CKJ1lOl.JeHl1e

COCTOBJHleT

l.JI1CTalI npmia,

KOTOPYIO YMeHbllll1Tb

HeJIb31I.

48
tu3. ys.

zm, ys.

.nB·YB.3

tu3·YM.6

.nB·YM.7

qallle M.YB.4

.npynlx

BC1'peQaIOTCli .nB·YM.5

I~

GXG

GXO

~co

II

tho I

Wo II

Xu

Ii

10. TPHTOHbI
Tpumonu CTYneHei1, paspeuraerca 3TO

unrepaansr,

KOTOPhIe conepxar

TpM TOHa: YBeJIlflleHHa51 Tpe6yIOT

xsapra

(yB.4)

YMeHhIlleHHa51 KBMHTa (YM.5). 3TO 3BYQaT Hanp51)KeHHO,

B3aHMoo6pamaeMbIe
c~eHMeM

MHTepBaJIhI. OHM COCT051T M3 HeYCTOHqMBhIX paspeuremta: yB.4 B repumo.

5IBJI51IOTC51 ,UMCCOHaHcaMM M

pacumpeaaea

B ceKCTY, YM.5 -

TPI1TOHbI

B TOHAJIhHOCTI1 npyras -

O,UHa napa TPMTOHOB (YB.4 M YM.5) o6pa3yeTC51 B HaTypaJIhHhIX Ma)KOpe M MMHope, ,Uo6aBJI51eTC51 rapxtomerecxux. B )10 Ma)KOp yM.5 JIll MHHOP YM.5

I~Y;s
lIJ"-..__/f

YB.4

Ii

...
-..__/f

III,:8 Ib~ 11$ Y:5i I:

~
<:»
.....-..__/f

yB.4

YB.4

<:»

II_~ II:=~I II
VII IV
<::»

YB.4

e-

VII

IV

II

VI

II

VI

TPI1TOHbI
Ka)K,llhIH TPMTOH MO)KHO paspeunrrs

OT 3BYKA. PA3PEllIEHI1E
B

TOHaJIhHOCTM-

Ma)KOpHhle M

Ml1HOpHhle:

11#.~o
IV
~ yM5 Des-dur

G-dur

... U -..__/f

I#.~o
... U
-::»

g-moll

E-dur

e-moll

I~#!]:
VI
B-dur
<::»

I #_ ~
VI
b-rnoll

... U -..__/f

II

IV

~o

II~.1;8
... ...._y

I~~.~
VII
"'-..__/f

des-moll

I~. P:S
"'-..__/f

VII

II

I~.'&'s ...
~

II

II

11. Xapaxrepnsre
Xapaxmepnue
B rapMOHMQeCKMX ceKYH,Ua (yB.2)

IfHTepBa.TIbI
rapMOHl1QeCKMX BM,UOB raMM. nOHll)KeHM51

uumepeanu
nanax

3TO

nrrrepnamr
napu

pe3YJIhTaTe

aJIhTepaUMM rapMOHMQeCKOH CTYneHl1 (B Ma)KOpe o6pa30BaJIMCh ,UBe cermnra 11 yxrensurennas (YM.7),

VI,

B MMHope -

nOBhIIlleHM51

VII)

B3aHMoo6pamaeMblx

MHTepBaJIOB: yBeJ1llQeHHa5I M YMeHhLUeHHa5I

yBeJIWleHHa51 KBMHTa (YB.5)

xsapra

(YM.4).

49 a.Xapaxrepnsre
YB.2 .no Ma)lWp YM.4 I1HTepBaJIhI B TOHaJIhHOCTl1
JUI MI1HOP

YB.2

YM.4

YB.5

II
VI III VI VII
l1HTepBaJIhI OT 3BYKa B 6.xapaKTepHhIe KIDKJlhIM xapaxrepnsra

l1HTepBaJI MO)KHO paspeunrn,

TOHaJIhHOCTI1(Ma)KOP 11Ml1HOp):

des-moll

TAEJII1UA YBEJUP1EHHbIX
I1HTepB3JIbl TPHTOHbI YB.4 YM.5 MA)KOP

H YMEHbIllEHbIX

I1HTEPBAJIOB
Ta6JIlfUa
MI1HOP

NQ 16

IV II

VI~ VII VI~ VII II

IV

VI VIJ~

xapaxrepnue
. HHTepB3JIbl

YB.2 YM.7. YB.5

VI VII#
III

VI~
III

YM.4

VII~
3HrapMoHH3M HHTepmtJIOB no 3BY'laHI1IO, HO

12.
3HrapMOHI1'leCKI1 pasuue pasnsre no Ha3BaHI11O11Hanl1CaHI1IO: 0.5 TOHa

I1HTepBaJIhI -

3TO I1HTepBaJIhI onnnaxonue

1 TOH

M.3 0.5 TOHa

1 TOH

1.5 TOHa

2 TOHa

~
YB.2

6.3

1.5 TOHa

2 TOHa

--YM.4 4.4 6.3 yM.4 4.4

2.5 TOHa

3 TOHa

YB.3

YB.4

2.5 TOHa

3 TOHa

-yB.7

YM.5

6.2
fI

6.2

YM.3

M.3

YB.2

6.3

4.4

35

.J
fI
.It

4.4

3.5 TORa

--TO H

4 TOHa

45 TOHa

YM.6

M.6

YB.5

.a. 0.6 4.5 TOHa

YM.7

4 TOHa
wu YB.5

YM.7

5 TOHOB
.a. M.7 5 TOHOB

yB.6

-6.7 6.7

55 TOHOB

6 TOHOB
.a. YM.8

5.5 TOHOB

6 TOH8B

4.8

v'"
YB.7

t.l# 0 W
4.5

u 4.5

YM.6

#0 #0

#0 W
6.6

M.6

6.6

#0 10

wu
YB.6

#0 wo #0
6.7 YM.8

#0
4.8

w~
4.8

M.7

50

13. Onpenenenae

TOHa.JIbHOCTeA,

B KOTOPbIX

BCTPe1JaeTCH

BHTepBa.JI

Orrpenemrn, TOHaJIbHOCTll,B KOTOPbIXBCTPelfaeTC5I OT HJIll llHOll anrepnan, MO)J(HO,ll,B)'M5I T crrocotiasm. Harrpaxrep, rne BCTPeTllTC5I MaJIa5Icexynna MH-<DA? 1. ITo CTYneH5IMraMMbI. H3 Ta6JIllU; 14 II 15 Bll,ll,HO,lfTO M.2 6bIBaeT B narypansnou MIDKope (HaT. MIDK.) na III II VII crynensx, B rapuomerecxou MIDKope (rapa. MIDK.) - eine II na V CTYIIeHll, B Ha'ryPaJIbHOM MllHope (HaT. MllH.) - na II II V cTYIIeH51X,B rapMOHlllfeCKOM MllHope (rapu. MllH.) - eute II na VII CTYIIeHll.3BYK Mil nOCJIe,ll,OBaTeJIbHO npllHllMaeM sa KIDK)l.Y1O 3TllX ll3 CTYIIeHell, nOJIyq:aIOTC5I TOHaJIbHOCTll:
HaT.MIDK.-C,F, rapM.MIDK.-C,F,A, HaT.MllH.-a,d, rapM.MllH.-a,d,f.

2. ITo KBllHTOBOMY Kpyry. Bepest TY nacrs KBllHTOBoro xpyra, mrrepsan II rapxomorecxae Bll,ll,bInpyrnx raMM (MIDKOpII MllHOp): F-dur, Cvdur+rapvoaaxecxae d-moll, a-moll. BI1,ll,bI-A-dur II f-moll,

rne

B03MO)l(eH ,ll,aHHbIll

Tapaoaa-recxae

Bll,ll,bI xaxax raMM ,ll,06aBJI5IIOTC5IOTPe3KYKBllHTOBOro xpyra? K

a) B MaJIbIX II YMeHbIIIeHHbIX mrrepnanax HIDKHUH 3BYK - 3TO VII CTYIIeHb rapvomorecxoro MllHopa, a BepXHuH - VI CTYIIeHb rapxromrrecxoro MIDKopa.B ,ll,aHHOMnpmrepe B MaJIOll cexyane MH - <DA 3BYK MH - VII CTYIIeHb B rapuomorecxoa f-moll, a 3BYK <DA - VI CTYIIeHb B rapuoaauecxou A-dur; 6) B 60JIbIIIllX II yaeJIlllfeHHbIX mrrepaanax HIDKHUH 3BYK - VI CTYIIeHb rapsromorecxoro MIDKopa, a BepXHuH - VII crynens rapuonasecxoro MllHopa.HanpllMep, 60JIbIIIa51 cerrrava <DAMH BCTpeTllTC5I rapvomrsecxou A-dur II B rapuonasecxoa f-moll. B

VI.
1. BB,lJ;bI
Axtcopd -

AKKOp,lJ;bl

aKKOp,lJ;OB no KOJIB1JeCTBY 3BYKOB

coaaysne ll3 3 II 60JIee 3BYKOB.3By-Kll axxopna pacnonoxerrsr MOryT 6bITb TaK pacnonoxensr B pe3YJIbTaTenepecranonox". Tpe36Y'.fUe -

no TepU;ll5IM, llJIll

axxopn ll3 3 3BYKOB,pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIXno TepU;ll5IM, ooosaasaerca

j, TaK KaK OT

Hll)J(HerO 3BYKa no cpeznrero - repnaa, a OT Hll)J(HerO zro ncpxnero - KBllHTa. HHTepBaJIbHbIll COCTaB: +3. 3 Cenmatacopo - axxopn ll3 4 3BYKOB,pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIXno TepU;ll5IM, ooosnasaercs "7", TaK KaK Me)l(,[(YKpallHllMll 3BYKaMll cerrrava (7). HHTepBaJIbHbIll COCTaB: +3+3. 3 Houatacopo - axxopn as 5 3BYKOB,pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIXno TepU;ll5IM, 0603HalfaeTC5I "9", TaK KaK Me)l(,[(YKpallHllMll 3BYKaMll HOHa (9). HHTepBaJIbHbIll COCTaB: +3+3+3. 3 Hll)J(Hllll 3BYK axxopna Ha3bIBaeTC5IOCl106110ii mou HJIll npuua, OCTaJIbHble- no Ha3BaHllIO mrrepaana OT OCHOBHoroTOHa,ll,Onannoro 3BYKa.
HOHaKKOp,!l,

Ilpaua

Tepuna

KBllHTa

Cenrmra

HOHa

110
Peace scrpesarorcs
rreCHRX, B MY3bIKe CKPR6llHa, aKKOP,!l,bI XllH,neMllTa II ap.),

0000

11&

o
OCH. TOH

II

nerepnoaoro crpoeaas, aanpmrep,

axsopnsr,

nocrpoennsre

no

KBapTaM (B PYCCKllX HapO,!l,HbIX

51
KCl)K)J;bIH:axxopzi
B

IiMeeT

ztaa CBOH:CTBa,nse

CTOPOHbI: rjJOHUl1eCKYIO

(KpaCOQHYIO),

KOTOpa5I

3aBIiCIiT OT HHTepBaJIbHOrO COCTaBa, H JlaaOBYJO

nany,

(Q:>YHKUHOHaJIbHYIO),3aBHC5IIIIYIO OT POJIH

axxopna

2. Tpe3ByqHR. THDbI Tpe3syqHH

Cyntecrsyer 4 rana
3ByqaHHeM. Tpe3ByqMH:, OHM OTJIMlJaIOTC5I TpoeHHeM C (HHTepBaJIhHbIM COCTaBOM) M

1.

MaJKOpHOe (HJIH 60JIbIIIoe)

rpeanyrae: E. ~ = rpessysae:

6.3

+ M.3. +

CJIOBO "MIDKOp"

(JIaT. -

major

60JIbIIIHM) OTHOCHTC5I Hll)KHeM 60JIbIIIOM K 2.

repnaa axxopzra,
M. ~

3ByqHT CBeTJIO,5IPKO, pa,n:OCTHO. 6:3. CJIOBO "MHHOP" (JIaT. minor -

Mnnopnoe

(HJIH MaJIOe)

= M.3

MeHbIIIHM) OTHOCIiTC5IK Hll)KHeM MaJIOM TepU;HM axxopna. 3. YMeHbmeHHoe

3ByqHT rpYCTHO,

nesansno.
3BYKaMM o6pa3yeTC5I

rpeany-me:

YM. ~

= M.3

+
+

M.3.

Mexny ace

KpaMHHMH

YMeHbIIIeHHa5I KBHHTa (YM.5). 3ByqMT HarrpIDKeHHO, TaK KaK

3BYKH HeycTOM'1MBbIe. KpaMHMMM 3BYKaMH o6pa3yeTC5I

4.

YBeJIH1JeHHOe

rpessy-nre:

yn. ~ =

6.3

6.3.

Mexny

yseJIM'1eHHa5I KBMHTa MIDKopHoe H

(ys.S). Tpeaaysne
MMHopHoe

3ByqHT HeycTOM'1MBO, HO He TaK pe3KO, KaK YMeHbIIIeHHoe,

TaK KaK HeYCTOM'1MBbIM5lBJI5IeTC51 TOJIbKO O,nHH 3BYK, Tpe3ByqH5I KOHCOHaHCOB, YMeHbIIIeHHoe ,nHCCOHaHCbI(YM.5, M yseJIMlJeHHOe -

zrsa npyrnx -

YCTO:WIHBbIe. KaK COCT05lT H3

5IBJI5IIOTC5iKOHCOHHPYIOIIIHMH, TaK

,nHCCOHHPYIOIIIHMH, TaK KaK B MX COCTaBe

ecrs

yn.S). TAEJIHUA TPE3BYQHfi

Ta6JIHu;a

NQ 17

MIDI{.~I ;.~ Z
~ .5

MHH. Z ;.%? YM·jlZ .;:,[;01 YB·jI2L~ jl

~ .5 ~ YM5 ~
1

Y8.5

6.3+M.3

M.3+6.3

M.3+M.3

6.3+6.3

3. Ofipantenaa Tpe3syqHH
Otipatuenue
3BYKaMM -

nepenoc

HH)KHero 3BYKa

na

OKTaBY snepx. Tpe3BYlJHe MMeeT -

zma 06pameHH5I:
KpaMHHMH

l-e oopamenae CeKCTa. B KOTOPOM Hll)KHllM 2-e

cexcmatacopo,

0603Ha'1aeTC5l

Cexcraxxopn
-

COCTOllT Ii3

repnan

6,

TaK

KaK

Me)!(,Uy ero

II KBapTbI

(3+4).

3TO rrOJIO)KeHMe Tpe3ByqH5I,

3BYKOM 5lBJI5IeTC5l TepU;OBbIH:TOH.

ofipameinre
3TO

xeapmcetccmaxxopo,

0603Ha'1aeTC51 - ~,

TaK KaK OT

nnxaero

3BYKa

zro

cpeznrero - xsapra,
repunn (4+3).

OT Hll)KHerO

rronoxemre rpesaysna,

zro nepxnero - cexcra. Ksaprcexcraxxopn

H I1X OEPAII(EHHfi

COCTOIiT ll3 KBapTbI II

B KOTOPOMHll)KHHM 3BYKOM 5lBJI5IeTC5l KBHHTOBbIM TOH.

TABJIHUbI TPE3BYQHfi

Maxcop Tatinnna NQ 18

M~.~I'

-e-

6.3+M.3

Madl~ l-e o6p.

e
M.3+-q.4

] MruK·~1 ~
2-e

n
0

o6p.

'1.4+6.3

52

MHH.jl*

&

~O

MllH.61
l-e o6p.

M.3+6.3

*
In
IV

Ml1HOP

Ta6J1I1Ua

NQ 19

~O

()

MHH'4

61~

6.3+Q.4

2-e o6p.

Q.4+M.3

bu I

4.
Ha

Tpe3ByqHSI B TOHaJIbHOCTH.fJIaBHble H IIo6o'lHble

nana MO)KHO nOCTpOHTh rpesey-nre,

Tpe3ByqHSI aana
-

Ka:>Kll,OH.crynenn

3HaQMT, B nany

OCHOBHhIX

Tpe3ByqHH.. OHM pasnste

no HHTepBaJIhHOMY COCTaBY M 3ByqaHMIO.

I~;*IH
,l.l,o Ma)KOp

MMH.

II

I [bH] II}
II
MaliC

yM.

MMH.

MaliC

MHH.

I [bll]
IV
MHH. MHH.

I§

MaliC

MHH.

II
VI

I [bU] I I} II
ya.
yM.

III

V1b

VII

JI5I MMHOP

I~; 1ft I 11 I ~11] I

I II
III III

yM.

ys.

H
IV

I ~§] I
VD

MaJlC

MaJlC

MaJK.

II I
VI

I}

yM.

bl}]
VII

II

VII

Tnaeuue mpeseyuun naoa - 3TO Tpe3BYQH5I, nocrpoeuasre na rnaaasrx CTYlleH5IX nana c. 27): mOIlU!.feCKOe, cy6aOJHUHaHmoBoe M aOJHUHaHmOBoe. TOIlU'leCKOe mpeseyuue - 3TO Tpe3BYQMe I crynemi (T - I crynens). Cy6iJoMuHaHmoBoe mpezeynue - 3TO Tpe3BYQHe na IV CTYneHH (S - IV cryneas). Ilosuutanmoeoe mpeseyuue - 3TO rpeasyane na V cryneun (D - V CTYneHb). B MMHope
Qawe npMMeH5IeTC5I B rapMOHMqeCKOM snzre nana, rne 3ByqMT KaK Ma:>KOpHOe. 3TH Tpe3ByqI15I Ha3bIBaIOTC5I maBHbIMM, nOTOMY qTO OHH:

(CM.

OHO

1) 2)

CTP05ITC5Iaa

rnasnsrx

cTyneH5IX raMMbI,

(I - T, IV -

S, V - D);
Ma)KOpe OHM Ma)KOpHhle, aB

OTpa)KaIOT JIall,OBbIH xapaxrep MMHopHhle;

3ByqaHI15I:

B HaTypaJIbHOM

HaTypaJIhHOM MMHope -

3) supaxaior nanossre <pyHKllHH (B3aMMooTHOIIIeHM5I YCT05I MJIM HeYCT05I B nany); 4) MrpaIOT Bell,YWYIO POJIh B rapMOHM3allMM MeJIOlIHH (nonoope axxounaaeuerrra). OCTaJIhHble Tpe3Byql15I Ha3bIBaIOTC5I notiounuuu, MMeIOT B nany sropocreneanoe anasenae.

,l.l,o Ma)KOP

JI5I MMHOP

!
T5
3

n
S5
3

§
D~
-'

IH
II~
-'

n
III~
-'

II~
-'

H
s~
-'

VI5 VII~
3

53
TA6JU1UbI TPE3BYQ1111 B TOHAJ1bHOCTI1

Maxop
TIUl TPe3ByqMH 5 Ma)l(. _., ,., MMH. 5 ,.,
.)

Tafimrua NQ20
KOJIBO

KOJIBO

Harypansusnt Ma)l(Op
TI II III SIV DV

fapMOHMlJeCKMM Ma)l(OP TI III SIV VII V1b DV

3 3
1 HeT

2
VI
VII

2 2
1 II

5 yM. ,., _., 5 YB. 3

MMHOP
Ta6JIHua

NQ21

TMn TPe3BYlJMH 5 Ma)l(. _., ,., MMH. 5 ,., _., 5 YM. _., ,., YR. 3

KOJIBO

Harypansusni

MH.HOP

KOJIBO

FapMOHWIeCKH.M MMHOP
DV tI slV VI

3 3 1
HeT

III
tI II
slV dV

VI

VII

2 2 2
1

UIlI

II

VII#

5. 06pam.eHH.H rJIaBHbIX Tpe3ByqHH. Paspemenne

KIDK.Uoe M3 fJIaBHbIX Tpe3Byt.IH.M MMeeT ,UBa oopaurenaa: (CM. cTp,51). CeKCTaKKOP,U M KBapTCeKCTaKKOP'u

)];0 MalKOp

JIll MHHOP rapMOHH'leCKHH

1~!s2InB!!
T~ T6 .)

I II 8
S6 S~ IV VI I

II~! i 2 I H B § I#§ IS 2 II
tj I t6 III t~ V sj S6 s~ IV VI I Dj D6 V VII D~ II

III

T6 4

sj

Dj D6 D~ V VII II

Cy6,UOMMHaHTOBoe M llOMMHaHTOBoe TPe3ByqMH M MX oopaurenaa paspeuraiorcs B TOHMlJeCKMe axxopnu no JIaHOBOMYTHfOTeHMIO: o6mMM C TOHMlJeCKMMTpe3ByqMeM 3BYK OCTaeTCHna MeCTe, ,UBa ztpyrnx nepesonarca ira cexynny (OT S - BHM3, OT D - saepx).

54
)..(0 MmKOp

II f):g 2
S6
4 T5 3

I1Jm:

[no oJ
T

I~
D6

;~

H
T~
.)

D5

T6
4

I~

D6

;: 8
T6

Ii

JUI Ml1HOP rapMoHwlecKHI1

MJHI:

[0
D~
t~

0]
t~ .)

YMeHbweHHhle 3TH

YBeJIWleHHble

Tpe3ByqH5I

3TO Tpe3BY4H5I,

KOTOPbIX COnep)J(aTC5I

nHCCOHHpYIOIUHeHHTepBaJIbI: YM.5 B YMeHbweHHoM rpeaay-nra, Tpe3ByqH5I B TOHaJIbHOCTH 51BJI5IIOTC5I IT0604HhIMH, JIa,LlOBOMY5IfOTeHI1IO(CM.C. T

ys.S -

B yseJIH4eHHOM Tpe3ByqHH.

lIHCCOHHPYIOlllHMH H pa3peWaIOTC5I ITO

27, 48).
a. B TOHAJIbHOCTI1

)..(0 MmKOP aarypansauti rapMoHH4eCKI1H

JUI MI1HOP

YM·3

5 YM·
3

5 yB ...

.)

aarypansusn; 5 ~ YM'3

rapMOHI14eCKl1H

5 YM'3

5 Y>'3

II
VII II VI II TOHAJIbHOCTEI1.
B

III
PA3PEIIIEHl1E
TOHaJIhHOCTH:nae Ma)J(opHhle

6. OT 3BYKA. OnPEII,EJ1EHI1E
Ka)J(1Ioe YMeHhweHHoe H nse MHHopHhle.

rpeanysne

MO)J(HOpaapeunrrs

-rert.rpe B-dur

Des-dur

des-moll

b-moll

I &~~~o
vn-.____.?f
MO)J(HO paspeunrrs MMHOPHYIO. B rtse

I &&USo

II

TOHaJIhHOCTH: Ma)J(opHYIO H

YB.~
.J

II ~18 Is ·"'u
VI
nnyrps, B Ma)J(ope -

E-dur

a-moll

T6

#f Ii
;;!

II
HI1)KHerO 3BYKa.

III

t6

YMeHbweHHoe

Tpe3BYQHe paspeuiaerca

B TepUI1IO, C YlIBoeHHeM

YBeJIWIeHHOe Tpe3BYQHe paspenraercs: MHHope nepxanu

HH)J(HHM 3BYKOM BHH3 na ITOJITOHa,B

T4'

3BYKOM ssepx na ITOJITOHa,B

t6.

55 7. QeThIpeX3BytIHble axsopnsr
a. CEITTAKKOPD"

tro

OEPAIUEHJ151 -7, TaK

Cenmatacopo -

3TO axxopn

113 4 3BYKOB, pacrrOJIO)KeHHbIX rro TepUI151M. 0603HaqaeTC5I

KaK ero KpaMHl1e 3BYKl1 06pa3YlOT CerrTI1MY. HI1)KHI1M 3BYK cerrraxxopna (OCHOBHOM TOH), a OCTaJIbHbIe - rro Ha3BaHl11O HHTepBaJIa OT OCHOBHoro TOHa.

Ha3bIBaeTC5I npaaa

o
7
OCHOBHOH TOH (npava) Tepl.(H5I KBHHTa

II
cerrrnua

Ka)K)lbIM cerrraxxopn

I1MeeT rpn

06paw:eHH5I: (Tpe3BYQHe H cexynaa), (TepUH5I, cexynna, H rpeaay-me). TepUH5I),

1. xeuumcexcmatocopo

-~;

I1HTepBaJIbHbIM COCTaB: 3+3+2

2. meputceapmatacopo - ~ ; HHTepBaJIbHbIM COCTaB: 3+2+3 :) 3. cetcyuoatacopo - 2; I1HTepBaJIbHbIM COCTaB: 2+3+3

(cexyuna

I~i
7
cepemme,

§o
6 5

it'
4

J1
2
06paw:eHI1H

II

B 06paw:eHI151X cerrraxxopna ecrs cexyana, B 3-M BHI13Y. Bepxnaa 3BYK cexyunsr -

B I-M

OHa nasepxy,
HU)KIIUH -

OCHOBHOH TOH axxopna,

BO 2-M cenrnaa.

6. THITbI CEITTAKKOPD,OB
DbIBaeT 7 TImOB cerrraxxopnos: TpI1 MaJIbIX, TPH 60JIbIllHX, OllHH YMeHbllleHHbIH. Ha3BaHl1e cerrraxxopna 3aBHCHT OT roro, KaKa51 cerrrnaa Me)K)lY KpaMHHMH 3BYKaMH (MaJIa5l, 60JIbIlla51 HJIH YMeHbIlleHHa5l) H xaxoe rpesay-me JIe)KMT B OCHOBaHHI1 (Ma)KOpHOe, MI1HOpHOe, YMeHbllleHHoe I1JII1 YBeJII1QeHHoe). 1) Manuii uascopnuu cenmatacopo COCTOI1T H3 MaJIOM cenranu H Ma)KOpHOrO Tpe3Byql151, BCTpeQaeTC5I na V crynenn Ma)KOpa M rapMOHl1QeCKOrO MI1HOpa (KaK .llOMl1HaHTCerrTaKKOp.ll D7) 11 na VII CTYITeHl1 HaTYPaJIbHOrO MI1HOpa.

Cocras:

~ 6.3+M.3+M.3 ----:: MaJK.j

M.7

II, III 11VI cryrrensx Cocras:

2) Manuu uunopnuii - COCTOI1T113MaJIOM cerrrnuu 11 MMHopHoro Tpe3Byql151, BCTpeQaeTC5I na HaTypaJIbHOrO Ma)KOpa 11 I, IV H V crynenax narypansnoro Ml1HOpa.

~ M.3+6.3+M.3

M.7

-------s
MHH·3

3) Manui; C YMeHbIlleHHoM KBI1HTOM COCTOHT H3 MaJIOM cermuru 11 YMeHbIlleHHoro Tpe3Byql151, BCTpeQaeTC5I na VII CTYITeHI1 HaTypaJIbHOrO Ma)KOpa (KaK BBOllHbIM) 11 na II crynean
MHHopa H rapvonaaecxoro Ma)KOpa.

56
COCTaB: M.3+M.3+6.3

~-......

M.7

------s YM·3

4) Yuenuuenuuii - COCTOMT M3 rpex MaJIhIX TepIIMH, YMeHhIlleHHOrO Tpe3BytIIDI, BCTpeqaeTC5I na VII crynenn rr03TOMY Ha3hIBaeTC5I "BBO,n:HhIH".
COCTaB: ~ M.3+M.3+M.3
YM.7

TO ecrt, M3 YMeHhllIeHHOH rapMOHMqeCKOrO Ma)l(Opa

CerrTMMhI M M MMHopa,

--------s YM·3

5)

EO/lbUlOU

MaJICOpHblU

BCTpeqaeTC5I na COCTaB:

I, IV crynenax

COCTOMT H3 60JIhIIIOH HaTypaJIhHOrO Ma)l(Opa H III,

cerrrausr
VI crynensx

Ma)l(OpHoro Tpe3BytIH5I, HaTypaJIhHOrO MHHOpa.

------s MalIC3

~ 6.3+M.3+6.3
MUHOPHblU COCTOHT H3 60JIhIIIOH cerrnonr H MHHopHoro Tpe3BytIH5I, rapMOHHqeCKOrO Ma)l(Opa H I cryrtenn rapMOHHqeCKOrO MHHopa.

6.7

6)

EO/lbUlOU

BCTpeqaeTC5I na COCTaB:

IV crynenn

------s MHH·3

~ M.3+6.3+6.3
-

6.7

na

VI crynean rapMOHHqeCKOrO MIDKopa H ira III crynenn

COCTaB: ~ 6.3+6.3+M.3 ~
6.7

7)

Y6e/lUl1eHHbIU

COCTOMTH3 60JIhIIIOH cermorsr

H yseJIHqeHHOrO Tpe3BytIIDI, rapMOHHqeCKOrO MHHopa.

BCTpeqaeTC5I

E.

MHH.

YBenHQ.

~i I Ii
Bee cerrraxxopnsr OTHOC5ITC5I K ,n:HCCOHHpYIDmHM C03BytIIDIM IllKOJIhHOM xypce H3ytIaIOTC5I OCHOBHhIe cerrraxxopnsr: D7, II7, VII7.
H Tpe6YIDT

II
B

paapeurenaa.

8.
na

,il;oMHHaHTcenTaKKOp.1l.

c
H3

o6pam;eHlmMH

B TOHaJIbHOCTH

j(OMUHaHmCenmGlC1COpa

(D7) -

axxopn

4 3ByKOB, pacrroncxemrsrx
rro rnrry -

rro TepIIH5IM,CTpOHTC5I

V cryrrenn

MIDKopa II rapMOHHqeCKOrO

MllHopa,

MaJIhIH Ma)l(OpHhIH. HHTepBaJIhHhIH

B TOHHqecKYIO TepIIHIO C YTPOeHHOH TOHHKOll. V crynens nzter I, VII H II - B I crynens, a IV - B III crynens. B KJIaCCMt:reCKOHMY3hIKe BCTpeqaIOTC5I CJIytIaH paspeurenaa D7 B rpesayrae VI cryrreua.Taxon rrpHeM Ha3hIBaeTC5I npepeanuuii otiopom. COCTaB: 6.3+M.3+M.3.Pa3peIllaeTC5I CKaqKOM B Ero HCIIOJIh3YIDT B 'rex CJIytIa5IX, xorna l-e oopaurenae neooxomero paCIIIHpHTh MY3hIKaJIhHOe nocrpoenae ..

oouunanmoeuii

tceunmcetcmaxxopo meputceapmatacopo -

D ~, CTpOHTC5I na VII cryrrena,

paspenraerca 2-e

B TOHHqeCKOe rpeasysne -

C y,n:BoeHHoH TOHMKOH.

Cocras: M.3+M.3+6.2.

oopauienae

oouuuaumoeui:

D~

CTpOllTC5I ira

II

crynena,

paspemaerca B rrOJIHOe TOHMlleCKOe rpeany-me (yzmoemre TOHMKM B OKTaBY). COCTaB: M.3+6.2+6.3. 3-e oopamenae oouuuanmoeuii cexyuoaxtcopo - . D2, CTpOHTC5I na IV cryrrenn, paspeuraerca B TOHMqeCKHH ceKCTaKKOp,n: C y,n:BoeHHeM TOHMKM.CocTaB: 6.2+6.3+M.3.

57
)];0 Ma.>KOp

I~
JlSI MHHOP

II
vn'-..Y
D7 t3 II
~
IV

I' d~n
v
9.

II
VII

II

IV

,Il;oMllHaHTCenTaKlmp,l1,

C o6pam:eHHHMII

OT 3BYKa

OTIPE,lJ;EJIEHME TOHAJIbHOCTEIL
)];OMHHaHTCenTaKKOp,ll, H KIDK,llOe ero

PA3PEIIIEHME
MO)KHO paspeunrrs B zme TOHaJIbHOCTH:

oopamenae

O,ll,HOHMeHHble Ma.>KOpH MHHOp.

10.

BBO,lJ,HbIe cenraexopnsr 3TO

C o6pam:eHIISlMH
ira VII

B TOHaJIbHOCTIi
na BBO,ll,HOMTOHe. KBHHTOH. BCTPeqaeTC5I B TOHa (III
}'M. 3

B600Hbie cenmatacopou 1. Manuu 6600HbiU

HaTYpaJIbHOM Ma.>KOpe. CTyIIeHH nana),

cerrraxxopnsr
no rnny -

CTyl1eHH nana,

M.VII7,

MaJIbIH C YMeHbllleHHoH

Paspeuraercs
paspeurenaa

B TOHrrqeCKOe rpessyxae

C y.n:BoeHHeM repuosoro

QT06bI npn

H36e.>KaTbnapaJIJIeJIbHbIX KBlIHT. COCTaB:

Ml2-~.3+6.3

2. YMeHbllleHHbIH BBO,ll,HbIH Paspeuraerca B TOHHQeCKOe rpeaayane

paapeurernnr

YM. VII7.

BCTPeQaeTCSI TOJIbKO B rapMOHlIQeCKlIX TepUHH (III CTyl1eHH rraaa) ,

YM.7

nanax,
npn

C y,ll,BOeHlIeM

QT06bI

H36e.>KaTb napaJIJIeJIbHbIX KBHHT.

Cocras:

M.3+M.3+M.3

----5 yM. 3

,lJ;0Ma)I(Op Haryp3.JThHbIH

,IJ;0Ma)I(OprapMOHH'IeCKHH
HeJ1b311 MO)!(HO

lliI MHHOPrapMOHll'IeCKHH

11.1]5In:;;, 1.lgII

HeJ1b311

MO)J(HO

II

II

M.VII7 Tj

M.VII7 Tj

58
OEPAIUEHI151 BBO)lHbIX CEnTAKKOP)lOB.
l-e ofipauienne 2-e ofipauteune 3-e ofipaureune BBO)lHbIH KBMHTCeKCTaKKOP)l BBO)lHbIH TepUKBapTaKKOp)l BBO)lHbIH cexyuaaxxopn -

PA3PEIllEHI1E
nana. naaa.

VII ~ , CTpOMTC5Ina II crynena VII

j , CTPOMTC5Ina

IV crynenn

VII2, CTpOMTC5Ina VI crynemr

nana.

Ilepssni
cerrraxxopna

paspeureuna cpasy B TOHw.reCKMH axxopn. 06pa:w;eHM5I BBO)lHOro paspeuraiorcs B TOHWl.eCKMe axtcopnsi C Y)lBOeHMeM repuosoro TOHa (III crynena

cnoco6

nana):

1*
sroro

VII7 T~

.)

vn6 T6 5

VII~ T6
.)

VII2 T~
( J)

(blJ::=;g
VII
'--'"
<::«

I d})~
~o
II

(b)~~ IV

t~~n
VI

BTOPOH cnoco6 paspeurenna (BHYTPI1<PYHKUMOHaJIbHoe) B )lOMI1HaHTOBbIH axxopn. )lJI5I onycxaercs cerrruva, nOJIYlIaeTC5I CJIe)lYIO:w;ee no Ha3BaHMlO ofipauteuue )lOMMHaHT-

cerrraxxopna.
)lo Ma)!(Op

1*

VII7 D~ T~

II
VII

n
BBOLIHb1H cerrraxxopn

IV

VI

YMeHbllleHHbIH

COCTOI1TM3 MaJIbIX TepUI1H, see ero 06palUeHM5I 3BY1:.JaT

OLII1HaKOBO,TaK KaK MHTepBaJIbI 3HrapMOHI11:.JeCKMpanasr (M.3=YB.2).

Cxexia nepexona VII7 B D7 11ero o6palUeHI15I:

20~
4 3

11. Cenraxsopn II

CTYneHH C ofipamenaaaa

B TOHaJIbHOCTH

CenTaKKopLI II cryrrenu II7. B HaTypaJIbHOM Ma.>KOpe OH - MaJIbIH MMHOPHbIH, B rapMOHM1:.JeCKOMMa.>KOpe 11 MI1HOpe - MaJIblH C YM.S. Paapeuraercs B TOHI11:.JeCKMH ceKCTaKKopLI C Y)lBoeHl1eM TepUMM (III crynens TOHaJIbHOCTM) MJIM KBMHTbI (V crynens TOHaJIbHOCTM), 1:.JTo6hInpn paapeurennn 1136e.>KaTb napaJIJIeJIhHhIX KBI1HT.

1151 I1HOP M

Id )l; ~8o
MO)KHO

11m!

HeJIb351

MO)KHO

WJIW

II

l'f~

go

II

59 1 otipauteune 2 ofipauteune
3 oopautenne
KBl1HTCeKCTaKKOP,ll repuxaapraxxopn cexynaaxxopn

II crynenn (II6), CTP011TC51 a IV crynenn nana. n (II 3)' CTP011TC51 VI crynenn ira
naaa.
4

II crynena II crynenn

nana.

(Il2), CTPOHTC51 I crynean na

Ilepaun cnocof paapeurenns - cpasy B TOHWleCKl1H axxopn, 06pameH1151 cerrraxxopna II cryneun paspeuratorcs B TOHWleCKHe axxopnu C y,llBOeHl1eM TepU11l1 (III crynens TOHaJ1hHOCTl1)
11J111 KBl1HThI (V crynens ,llo Ma)l(Op TOHaJ1hHOCT11):

II7

T6

I1JUi

II~

T6

I1JII1 T~

II

IV

VI

ii·[~] k~12~
HJIH

II2

T~

nJIn

[F] II

BTOPOH cnocof paspeurenua - B ,lloM11HaHToBbIH axxopzt. cerrrnjra, H rrOJIyt-IHBlllHHC51axxopzt paspeuraerca no npaannav.

,llJ151aroro

onYCKaeTC51 KBHHTa 11

T6

8°
II IV

I
VI

11i;b>:O !~
I

II2 D~

T~

II

Cxeva nepexona

II7 B D7 11ero 06pameHH51:

Paspemeuae cenraxxopnoe
111060H cerrraxxopn MO)l(HO paspeunrrs ,llBH)I(eH11eM cenraau axxopna BHH3. TI0J1YlJaeTC51ueno-rxa HeYCTOHY:HBbIX aKKOp,llOB (certraxxopnon H 06pameH11H cerrraxxopnos pa3JI11lJHbIX cryneHeH), KOTOpa51npHBO,llHT K TOHl1Ke.

T~

60
TA£JH1llA cEnTAKKoPlloB Ta6JU1Ua N~ 22 AKKOP.ll D7 lo6p.Dg 2 o6p. Dj 306p.D2 M.YII7 M.vII~ M.YIIj MVII2 YMVlh HaT.Ma)K. COCTaB Cryrteus 6.3+M.3+M.3 M.3+M.3+6.2 M.3+6.2+6.3 6.2+6.3+M.3 M.3+M.3+6.3 V VII II IV VII II
Maxop

Paspeureaae

MHHO_Q_rapMoHwiecKHH CTyrreHh Paspeureaae V VII II IV

T3 Tj Tj

YTP.

t,
tj tj

YTP.

ynn. T

yna, t

C yna.

C yns. C yzta.

t t

T6 C yns. T Tj T6 T6 T2 Tj
C yna. III CT. C yzts. III CT. C yna. III CT. C yns. III CT. C yns. 1lI CT.

t,
tj

C yns. III CT. III CT. III CT.

HaT.Ma:>K. M.3+6.3+6.2 HaT. Ma:>K. 6.3+6.2+M.3 HaT. Ma:>K. 6.2+M.3+M.3

rapxt.

t, C yas. t, C yns.
t2
VII HaT.I,IV,V rapM. IV

IV VI VII II,IILVI II

C yns. III CT. C yna. III CT.

Ma:>K. M.3+M.3+M.3 M.3+6.3+M.3 M.3+6.3+M.3 M.3+M.3+6.3 6.3+M.3+6.2 M.3+6.3+6.2 M.3+6.2+M.3 6.3+6.2+M.3 6.2+M.3+6.3 6.2+M.3+M.3 6.3+M.3+6.3 6.3+6.3+M.3

tj

Man. MI1H. 7 II7 HaT. Ma)K.

T6 C yna.

III CT.

t, t,
t2 tj
HaT. III,VI rapn. HeT HaT. HeT rapx. III

C yzrs. III CT.

rapv. Ma:>K.1 MI1H. 1

ng

HaT.Ma:>K.
11

IV

T6 C yae. III T2 Tj

CT.

C yns. III CT.

rapu.uaxc.

MI1H.

1Ij HaT. Ma:>K.

rapM. Ma:>K. 1 MHH. 1

VI

C yns. III CT.

C Y.llB.lII CT.

II2 HaT. Ma)K

rapu. Ma:>K.

I {,IV HaTYp. - HeT rapx. - VI

C yns. III CT.

C yns. III CT.

M. Ma:>K. 7 YBeJlH'I. 7

12. COe,lUlHeHHe

aKKOp.lI.OB B uenOqKH

AKKOp.uOBble uenOlJKI1 3TO nOCJle.uOBaTeJlbHOCTb pa3JlWIHbIX axxopnos. uenosxax 'lame scero coe.uI1H5IIOTC5I TaKI1M o6pa30M, ~ITo6bl He 6bIJIO CKalJKOB rrpn

AKKOp.ubI B nepexone OT

onuoro axxopna

npyrouy.

61
)lo Ma)l(Op

T~
,)

---------

11
,)

II
5 D3
H T . .lI..

S46 T~

S~
,)

6 T5 _ S 4 _ T5 3 3 T~ - D6 - D~ - T~
.)

T6 - S .) - D2 - T6 ~
.)

T4 - D 6

53

D7 - T3

T5 -S 6 -II2-VII7-D6
3 4

_T5

T6 - D4 - T5 3 3 T6- D6 _ D4 _ T5 43343 T6-II7-D4

334

T6 -D7-VI5 -S6 _ D6 _ T5 4 3 5 3 T6 _D5 -D2-T6- D4 - T5 33 T6 -D7-T3-S6-II4-D7-T3

3

33)

5-

T6 - S 5
3

II ~ - D2 - T6 -VII2-D7 -T3 _T5

T5 -S 6 -D6-D6 _T5
3 4 5

T6 -D7-VI-II4 4 T5 -DD7-D4
3

T~ -VII7 - D~ - T53
.J )

_T5

33

13.
Bee
axxopnsi CBOH "065I3aHHOCTH",

fapMOHHqeCKHe

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J J I J j J j I J J j J I J J~j I
4-e npennozcenae (a 1)

2-e npennoaceaae

(a1)

I@ #ft
~

3-e npeanoareaae (B)

J J IH3 J J IJ JJ IJ J J J IJ JJ IJJ J J IJ J H Il
Ilfneauapcxaa

}lj
V

II PI

Hap. neCHSI"KYKYWKa"

I@ ~ i}lIJl
KY,

J-e npe)J,JIO)!{eHHe (a)

Ky -KY-illKOH

it: D}lId) }l1)J1D DIJ}lI)1

O-.ll,I1-HO-KO 6eC-lleQ-HO 51 )!(H-BY

2-e npennccseane

]}l~ U )1)1ljl it~))11

- JIe-Ka MO - e

(B)

d,:
KY.

H CJ1hIlll-HO 113-11a

"KY-KY,

KY -

"Ky-

II
Ky KY," 6ec - rreq - HO 51 )K11 - By.

VI

CJ1hTlll- HO

113 - na - JIe

Ka

MO - e

"xy - KY,

Ky - Ky."

Tpexuacmnax cjJOPJl1GqaCTl1 (nepsaa mrorna 11TPeTh5I) -

3TO TaKa5I ¢opMa,

KOTOpa5I COCTOl1T113rpex

xacren.

06hIqHO

Kpai1Hl1e

O.lIl1HaKOBhle 111111 noxoxne, B a.

a Cpe.lIH5I5I (BTOPa5I) OT11l1qaeTC5I T Hl1X, a O

KOHTpaCTl1pyeT 11M.TpeTh5I qaCTh Ha3hIBaeTC5I penpaaoii (nOBTOpeHl1e). 111111: a

Cxexra: A B A

PA3HOBll}lHOCTI1
a)

TPEXQACTHOI1

<!>OPMhI

Ilpocman mpexuacmnas

cjJ0pMG -

3TO TaKa5I <popMa, Ka)l(,1la5I QaCTh KOTOPOH He C110)KHee

rtepnona.
Ta6JIHUa

NQ 25

I QaCTb (a) Ilepnon

II QaCTh (B), cepennna Ilepnozr 111111 nOCTpOeHl1e paamrnaroutero xapaxrepa

3TO neCeHHa5I ¢opMa, 3aTeM OHa rrepeurna

III

QaCTh (a)

Ilepaon, -raure rrosropeaae I QaCTl1 (penpnsa)

B l1HCTpYMeHTaJIhHYIO MY3bIKY.

TIepBOHaQaJIhHO llIYT

EC11l1TpeTh5I QaCTb TOQHO nOBTOp5IeT nepsyto,

TO ee He BhIlll1ChIBaIOT.

KOHne BTOPOH QaCTl1 nna Hall KOH-

"Da

capo al fine"

(D.

c.), QTO 0603HaQaeT nOBTOpeHl1e C HaQaJIa .lI0 C110Ba"xoneu", "Fine".

nOM nepsoti

QaCTl1 rnruryr

77
qaHKoBCKHH. "KOJIblOeJIl.HaH neCHH B

J 1 JJ J J 1 j J

oYPIO" Fine

:11

J ! J F! #r J :!I
I1pIIMepbI: qaMKoBcKlIH ",I:(eTcKlIM aJIb6oM": NQ 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 19, 21, 22, "BeCHa", "MOM Ca,I1;IIK", "Bpexrena rO,lJ;a":NQ 3, 4, 7, 10, xop ",I:(eBIIUbI-KpacaBIIUbI", apII030 Jleacxoro II ap.IDI Ipenaaa II3 orrepsr "EBreHIIM OHerIIH"; EOP0,lJ;IIH, ap.IDI KOHqaKa, xop "YJIeTaM na xpsrm.ax serpa" 113 onepsr "KH5I3h MrOPb"; PI1MCKIIM-KopcaKOB, apna Cneryposxa B nponore onepsr "Cneryposxa"; CKp5l6IIH, npeJIIO,lJ;IIII on. 11 NQ 16, 19; Bax, "BOJIhIHKa"; Ipesaaaaos, "Ma3YPKa"; I'pnr, ",I:(eTCKa5I necenxa", "JIIIpIIqeCKlIe nsecu": BaJIbCbI NQ2, 15, "KOJIbI6eJIbHa5l", "I1THqKa", "Becnoa"; Illonen, HOKTIOPH NQ 4. 6) CflOJICHaJl mpexuacmnas CJIO)KHeM nepaona.

D.C. a/ Fine

cjJ0pMa -

3TO <popMa 113 rpex

qaCTeM, XOT5I 6bI O,lJ;HaH3 KOTOPbIX

Tafinnua NQ26

I qaCTh A
I1pocTa5I nsyx- lIJIH rpexsacraaa <popMa

II qaCTb B (3nI13o,lJ; lIJIH TpIIO) Ilepaon, npocraa nsyx- IIJII1 TpeXqaCTHa51 rpopva
Perrpnsa -

III sracrs

nOBTOpeHl1e rtepsoji qacTII

Cepenana CJIO)KHOMrpexsacrnoa Q:>OPMbI(B) Ha3bIBaeTC5I mpuo, eCJIII OHa II3JIaraeTC5I B xaKOH:-JII160 aasepuremroti rpopxre. ECJIII )l(e OHa COCTOIIT H3 pana HeYCTOMqIIBbIX nOCTpoeHIIM, OHa Ha3bIBaeTC5I 3nU30a. TpeXqaCTHa5I perrpasnaa <popMa oxem, nonynapna 11 IICnOJIb3yeTC5I B pOMaHcax, onepnux apII5IX, aHCaM6JI5Ix, IIHCTpYMeHTaJIbHbIX MIIHlIaTIOpax 11 KaK xacrs B 60JIee KpynHOH: <popMe, nanpmrep, MeHY3TbI II cxepuo B KJIaCCIIqeCKlfX CIIM<p0HlI5IX. Ilpasrepsr: Fpnr, HOKTIOPH, "Ilecns CTOpO)l(a", "Illecrnne rHOMOB", MeHY3T. OIl. 57 NQ 1; Illonen, nOJIOHe3 A-dur, BaJIbC NQ 7 cis-moll, HOKTIOPHbI NQ 3, 10, 11, 13, 15; fJIIIHKa, "51 nOMHIO qY,lJ;HOexrrnosense"; qaMKoBcKIIH, BaJIbC II3 "Ilercxoro anscoxra", "Bpeveaa rona": NQ 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, nOJIOHe3 H sxoces II3 onepsr "EBreHIIM Onemn", Andante cantabile II3 Ilepsoro CTpYHHorO xsaprera; Illyoepr, "Kyna'', "MeJIhHIIK 11pyqeH:".
B) Tpexuacmnan tiespenpusnan (tcoumpacmnas) - Q:>opMa, COCT05IIl(a51113 rpex OHa MO)l(eT 6bITb npOCTOM II CJIO)KHO:H:. Cxesra: ABC lIJIl1: aBc: pa3HbIX xacren.

Cxexra

cTpoeHIDI

"HearrOJIJfTaHCKOH

necenxa" TI. qaHKoBcKOro

113 "Ilercxoro aJIb6oMa".

Tatimnra NQ27

I qaCTb (a)
a

II xacrr, (B)
al B Bl C

III
8 T. 8 T.

qacTh( c)

8 T.

+2

8 T.

8 T. "Kapnen";

cl T. + 2

I1pIIMepbI: E113e, yseprropa K onepe TpO,lJ;YKl(.IDIK onepe "IIHKoBa5I naxra". r) Tpexn5ITHqaCTHa51 Q:>0pMa-

IIIy6epT,

"BeCeHHHM COHn; qaMKOBCKlfH:, IIH-

3TO rpexsacrnaa

<pOpMa C nOBTOpOM BTOPOM II

rpersen qaCTeH:. Tpar,

Cxexra: A B A B A
IIpIIMepbI: fJIHHKa, Maprn Hepaouopa 113 onepsr "PYCJIaH II JIIO,lJ;MlIJIa", "COMHeHIIe"; "JIIIpIIqeCKlIe nsecsr": NQ 4 "HapO,lJ;HbIM ranen", NQ 7 "JII1CTOK II3 aJIb6oMa", "Baoosxa".

78

6. BapHaUHH
Bapuauuu,
BTopeHHM TIpHHUHn

eapuauuounuii U,UKJl * - 3TO <popMa, COCT051ma51 3 H C H3MeHeHH51MH (eapuauunuuy. Cxeva: A Al A2 A3..... An

HJIH BapbHpOBaHH51 B03HHK B HapO)lHO-neCeHHOM

meuu

H HeCKOJIbKHX ee noneneu rrpn nOBTO-

TBOptIeCTBe, xorna

peHHH OCHOBHOMMeJIO)lHH Ka)K[{bIM pas BH)lOH3MeH51JIee.

Bsinaaa

"Conoaen DYJlltl\lHPOBlIq"

I~ ~ft i @JEJ jJIJ~V@!f9JfJu®V4f2JJilJuM;QgpJggU·lJII

I~~I' ggriD l~qQ
H )lJ151 neBUOB.

&tpl~~Vk

Pye. Hap. necaa "A Mbl MaCJleHuuy JlO4KU)laeM"

@lV'i$p

B'fgaJ

IF

Dl~ AI

liVzDvJ~V810B'[~~fD
anrepec 11 T. )l.) OHa n051BJI51eTC5I see BpeM5I B HOBOM nnne,

Pye. Hap. aenaxansuaa

necus "KaK sa peqKOIO"

II
TaK )I(e, KaK

,I1.JI51 HapO)lHbIX MaCTepOB-HHCTpyMeHTaJIHCTOB (6aJIaJIaetIHHKOB, rY)lOIllHHKOB H npyrnx)

rapMOHHCTOB, )I(aJIeMIllH KOB,

H CTpeMJIeHHe K BapbHpOBaHHIO MeJIO)lHH xapaxrepen

Teua eapuauuii BaeMOCTblO.

3TO 3aKOHtIeHHa51 MY3bIKaJIbHa51 MbICJIb, OTJIHtIalOllla.51C51lPKOCTblO H ysna5 pa3J1HtIHbIM H3MeHeHUSIM (MeJIO)lHtIeCKHM, pHTMHtIeCKHM, <paKTYPHbIM*, JIasee 60J1ee OT)laJI5IeTC51 C HeM 5IBHbIX HO OCmeTC51Y3HaBaeMOM BO scex BapHaUH5IX. Ka)K[{a5I Bap11aUH5I BHOOT TeMbI, TeM MeHbllle B KOHue Bap11aUJ10HHOrO U11KJIa BHOBb nOBTOp51eT TeMY, 3BYtIalllYIO

Bnaronaps

)lOBbIM, rapMOHHtIeCKHM CHT HOBbIM xapaxrep, CB5I3eM. I1HOr)la

OT nepBOHatIaJIbHOrO ofipasa, KOMn03HTop

HOBbIM B3rJI51)l na TeMY. LJeM nansure

KaK HanOM11HaHHe. Pa3J1HtIa1OTcmpoeue

u ceotioonue

BapHaUl111.

1. Cmpoeue eapuauuu Cmpoeue eapuauuu MeHHO npOXO)lHT B 6acy, KOMn03HTopbI npyrnx Crucifixus 6) )I(aHpax. 3TO BapHaUHl1, B KOTOPbIX reva COXpaH5IeT CBOIO <POp MY (crpoenne, 3TO <popMa, B KOTOPOM rena HeH311 npOT51)l(eHHOCTb), MeTp, TOHaJIbHOCTb, reun. a) Bap11aUI111 aa He113MeHHbIM 6ac a aapsnpoaaime I'eunens, nOJ1H<poHHCTbIXVI TIpHMepbI:
KJlaCCUl.£eCKUe,

K CTpOrHM Bap11aUH5IM OTHOC51TC51: 11)leT B BepXHI1X ronocax. TaKYIO <POPMYHCn0J1b30BaJIH (nacCaKaJIl15I, xaxona)

(6acco ocmunamoy -

- XVII

BeKOB B CTapHHHbIX rauuax

TIacCaKaJIH5I 113 opKeCTpOBOM CIOHTbI COJ1b MHHOP; yxpaurenne)

H3 MeCCbI h-moll,

tIaKOHa H3 KaHTaTbI

Cmpoeue

NQ 150. 11J1H opnauenmansuue ("opHaMeHT"

Bax,
3TO

eapuauuu -

<popMa, B KOTOPOMreva

B Bapl1aUH5IX yxpauraercs

MeJIO)lHtIeCKHMl1 <pl1rypaUl15IMH.

Bapsaposaune

OCHOBbIBaeTC5Ina nOCTeneHHOM YCJIO)KHeHI1H<paKTYPbI** 11na nenpepusaou

YCKopeHI1H )lBH)KeHH5I

aa CtIeT BBe)leHH5I see 6oJ1ee MeJIKHX )lJII1TeJIbHOcTeM. <i>opMa TeMbI KJIaCCHqeCKHX Bapl1aUHM 06bIQ-

* **

UHKJI

KpyI1HOe crroco6

npoasseneaae,

COCT05IlUee H3 HeCKOJIhKHX caMOCT05ITeJIhHhIX xacreji, MaTepHaJIa (rrOJIH<I>oHHqeCKHH,

06be)lHHeHax-

HhIX e)lHHhIM KOP)lOBhIH,

3aMhICJIOM. H3JIO)!{eHH5I MY3hIKaJIhHOrO rapMOHHqeCKHH, H T. n.)

<1>aKTypa -

apnenxno

79
HO npOCTa5I )lBYXlJ:aCTHa5Iperrpnaaaa M3 BapMallMH MO)KeT 6bITb (CM. c.

74).

TOH3JlbHOCTb

scero

llMKJIa COXpaH5IeTC5I, HO onna napaauas

nposeneaa

B O)lHOMMeHHOM nany:

B Ma)KOpHOM llMKJIe onna

MMHOPHa5I M Ha060poT.

TaKMe

sapaauaa

BCTpelJ:aIOTC5IB TBOplJ:eCTBe KOMn03MTOpOB-KJIaCCMKOB

XVIII

sexa:

Tajunra, Mouapra,

EeTXoBeHa M )lPYTMX.

B)

Bapuauuu na

HeU3MeHHYlO

Jl-teJLOaUIO (COnpaHO

OCmUHamO).

3TOT TMn aapaauna

nOJIYlJ:MJIHaI1pMHllMn npOXO)lMT CB060,llHO M

3BaHMe "rJIMHKMHCKMe eapaaunn",

TaK KaK MX B KJIaCCMlJ:eCKYlO MY3bIKY BBeJI fJIMHKa. B KOTOPOH MeJIO)lM5I B nOCJIe)lyIOIUMX xynnerax a aKKOMnaHeMeHT MJIM zrpynre rOJIOca xopa

CJIO)Kl1JIC5I HapO,llHOH KynJIeTHOH necae, B HeM3MeHHOH (MJIM nOlJ:TM HeM3MeHHoH), pa3Ho06pa3HO I1pMMepbI:

BapbMpyIOTC5I. I103TOMY $OPMY TaK)Ke Ha3bIBalOT rpe6110B M3

xynnemno-eapuauuonnas.

fJ1MHKa, xop "JIeJ1b TaMHCTBeHHbIH", "I1epCl1)lCKMH xop", neCH5I

"PYCJ1aH M JIIO)lMMJIa", xop

orrepsr

"XOBaHIUMHa",

paCCKa3foJIOBbI M3 onepsr orrepsr "I1BaH CycaHMH"; Mycoprcxna, neCH5I Maprpsr M3 Bapnaaua M3 orrepsr "EOPMC [O)lYHOB"; PMMCKMH-KopcaKOB, KOJ1bIC XOpOM M3

6eJ1bHa5I BOJIXOBbI, neCH5I Ca)lKO "CHerYP°lJ:Ka" .

onepsr

"Ca)lKO",

TpeTb5I neCH5I JIeJI5I M3

onepsr

2. C60oo0uble eapuauuu
C XIX paxrep, sexa B TBOplJ:eCTBepOMaHTMKOB n05IBJI5IeTC5IHOBbIH TMn BapMaUMH, 60JIee CB060)lHbIH paasrep, TOHaJIbHOCTM, xallMKJI npM6JIl1)KaeTC5I K no cpaBHeHMIO C KJIaCCMlJ:eCKMM. BapMaUM5IX MOryT MeH5ITbC5I $OpMa, B

* CIOMTe .

)KaHp M T. )l. BapMaUMM CTaHOB5ITC5IcaMOCT05ITeJIbHbIMM nsecavn, P.

I1pMMep:

Illysran,

"CMM$OHMlJ:eCKMe 3TIO)lbI".

CIOI1Ta

UI1KJmQeCKOe

npoaaaeneane,

COCTOHlllee

113 HeCKOJIbKl1X

caMOCTOHTeJIbHbIX

QaCTei1:, KIDKllYIO

113 KOTOPbIX

MO)J(HO I1CrrOJ1HHTb OT.lleJ1bHO (CM. c.

82).

80

3. j(8oiiHble eapuauuu
Ileoiiuue eapuauuu noosepenao. B rrpouecce
rapMOHMIJeCKMe, 3TO napaauna ira nne TeMbI. 06bl'lHO M npoxne TeMbI KOHTPaCTHbI M sapsapyrorca BapbMpOBaHMH OHM CTaHOBHTCH rrOXO)l(MMM, C6J1M)l(aIOTCH M MeJ10,llMIJeCKMe, )l(aHpOBble OC06eHHOCTM

rpaxrypaue,

rtepeaauator
npyra. TaKaH

ztpyr

<pOpMa BCTPeIJaeTCH B Me,llJ1eHHbIX IJaCTHX CMM<pOHMH: B CaMOCTOHTeJ1bHbIXrrpOM3Be,lleHMHX. M

Cxeua: A B At Bt A2 B2...

l4inffilt r r Ir
I TeMa (A)
cBa)J,e6H!UI"Ib-3a

II reaa (B) - Maprn

OR r r IF
rop, rop
KPYTbIX"

14i~~

at r L IU Eifi:Tk. rum _
7. POImo
3TO TaKaH <popMa, B KOTOPOti: HeCKOJ1bKO pas (He MeHee rpex) a Me)KllY ee rrOBTOpeHMHMM 3ByqaT ,llpyrMe rne

tI rim

rJIHHKa. "KaMapHHCKaSl"

* II

POHaO Ma -

rrOBTopHeTCH onna -

re-

peippen,

pa3J1MIJHble TeMbI

snusoou. Cxeua:
C rppaauyscxoro

A B A C A ...,
03HaIJaeT CKMX npnnea.

A-

perppen,

C-

snaaonsr.

CJ10BO "POH,llO" B nepesone KYrrJ1eTbI, a xop

"xpyr".

<PopMa POH,110B03HMKJ1a B aaponnoa COJ1MCTbI nena

MY3bIKe, a MMeHHO B CTapMHHbIX <ppaHUY3MCrrOJ1HHJ1HeM3MeHHblti: KaK B BOKaJ1bHbIX, TaK M M KaK IJaCTb 6oJ1ee pOMaHC "HOIJHoti: aeM3

XOPOBO,llHbIX rreCHHX, rne

pasnue

KyrrJ1eTOB MOrJ10 6bITb MHoro. KaK caMOCTOHTeJ1bHOe npoaaaenenae

<PopMa POH,110B KJ1aCCMIJeCKoti:MY3bIKe MCrr0J1b3yeTcH OIJeHb umpoxo B MHCTPYMeHTaJ1bHbIX npoaasenenasx, xpyrnron <pOPMbI.TIpMMepbI necna", POH,llO: <PMP", "TIorrYTHaH

Bopomm,

"CrrHIUa5I

KHH)l(Ha";

fJ1MHKa,

POH,110<PapJ1a<pa M3 orrepsi

"Pycnan

M JIIO,llMMJ1a", POH,110AHTOHll,llbI

81 onepsr
"HBaH CycaHI1H";

Tmox,

apIDI

Oprpes

H3

onepsr "Oprpen"; Mouapr,

apIDI <PHrapO M3

onepsr

"Caansoa
B xpynnsrx

<PMrapO". nepaomrrecxoe B03BpaJ:.ueHMe O,n:HOH: TeMbI-pe<ppeHa, rrpMMeH.sIeTCH

TIpMHU;Mrr POH,n:O,TO ecrs

onepnsrx cuenax M CMM<pOHMqeCKMXrrpOM3Be.n:eHMHX,LLJUI CKpeIIJIeHMH <pOPMhI: PMMCKMH:-KOpCaKOB, 4-H If 6-H KapTMHbI onepsr "Ca,n:KO", nposonsr MaCJIeHMU;hI B onepe "Cneryposxa", <p11HaJICIOMThI "Illexepasana"; fJIMHKa, "BaJIhc-<paHTa3M.sI", BaJIhC M KpaKOBHK M3 orrepsr "HBaH CycaHMH".

COHamHaR cjJopMa CMM<pOHMM,xsaprera. lJame

3TO <popMa, -

B KOTOPOH: mmrerca xacrs,

OMa

H3 qaCTeH COHaThI, xomtepra, allegro

U

3TO rrepsaa

KOTopaH 3ByqMT B resrrre

(6hICTpO),

no-

3TOMY <P0PMY naoma Ha3hIBaIOT -

cjJopMa COHamHOZOanneepo.
pa3.n:eJIOB:stccnosuuuu,

COHaTHaH <popMa COCTOllT H3 rpex

paspatiomtcu

penpusu.

Ka)K,[(hIH: H3

3THX pa3.n:eJIOB IfCnOJIh3yeT O.n:MHH TOT )Ke TeManfqeCKH.H: MaTepHaJI. B KOHu;e B03Mo)Irna

«ooa * . Ilepen COHaTHhIM annerpo naorna 6hIBaeT xrenneanoe ecmynnenue (EeTXOBeH, yseprropa "3rMOHT"; Tamm, CHM<pOHIDI NQ 103, I xacrs; fJIMHKa "AparOHCKaH xora", lJaH:KOBCKMH:, yaepnopsr "1812 ron", "Poxteo H )J;)KyJIheTTa", IIIy6epT "HeOKOHqeHHaH CHM<pOHMH", I xacrs).
Tafinnna N? 28
BCTyrrJIeHHe Me,LVIeHHbIMTeMrr frr TIrr Crr 3rr 3KCn03HU;MH

Paspaoorxa
TeMbI 3KCrr03I1UHI1 frr H BCTyrrJIeHH5I pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTC5I

Penplf3a TIrr Crr 3rr

Kona
Onxa H3 OCHOBHbIX TeM IDII1 HOBa5I

II3 rJIaBHbIX TeM HJIH HOBa5I OCHOBHa5I TOHaJIbHOCTb

Oznra

OCHOBHlliI TOHaJIbTOHaJIbHOCTb .n:oMlmaHThI HOCTh

Pasnsre
TOHaJIbHOCTI1

(anorna ,npynUl)

06e TeMbI B OCHOBHOM TOHaJIbHOCTI1

OCHoBHaH TOHaJIbHOCTb (6bIBaeT II npyras)

D-+

COHaTHaH

<popMa OCHOBaHa na -

KOHTpacTHoM

corrOCTaBJIeHH.:M.n:BYX TeM-06pa30B, napTH5I" en, cnenyer TIn. sanaxa KOTOPOH:-

xoropsre

npHHHTo Ha3hIBaTh "rJIaBHa5I rrapras"

I'n M "n060qHaH

3Kcno3uu,UR

nepBhIH: pasnen

cOHaTHOH: CPOPMhI -

3TO nOKa3 TeM, 3HaKOMCTBO C HHMH. nepexon M3 3aKJIIOQMTeJIhHhIH: paaaen 3Kcn03HU;HH.

Mexzry Tn

Iln

MO)KeT 6hITh CB5I3Ka -

"CB5I3YIOmaH napras",

OCHOBHOH: TOHaJIbHOCTM B TOHaJIbHOCTh "3aKJIlOqHTeJIhHa5I KOMn03HTopOB 3HaqHTeJIhHbIM

napraa" nepaoii

Iln.

nOCJIe nexa

Iln

3n,

cyrs

KOTOPOH: -

B aaeepuremm

COqMHeHMHX

KOHTpaCT Me)K,[(y Tn If TIn 6hIJI osens HeK. <1>. 3. Baxa, )J;. CKapJIaTTlf, faH:.n:Ha). K xomry XVIII nexa KOHTpaCT TeM B03paCTaeT (fJIIOK, Mouapr, oeTXOBeH), a B npOH3Be.n:eHMHX poMaHTHKOB npenensao o60CTp5IeTC5I M .n:paMaTM3HpyeTC5I (IIIy6epT, lJaH:KOBCKMM, Tpnr, PaxMaHHrrOJIOBHHhI HJIIf .n:a%e BOBce OTCyrCTBOBaJI (conaria B

XVII -

XVIII

HOB).

paspatiomxe

npoacxomrr

pa3BHTMe OCHOBHhIX 06pa30B

3Kcno3MIIMIf.

TeMhI COnOCTaBJI5IIOTC5I, xay

CTaJIKMBaIOTC5I,.n:P065ITC.sI a n

ornensnsre

MOTMBbI. "IlacTo

pa3BHTHe OCHOBaHO na BhlqJIeHeHHH

KOrO-JIM60 3JIeMeHTa ll3 TeMhI, KOTOPhIH npOBo.n:HTC5IB pa3HhIX perncrpax, H B pa3HhIX TOHaJIhHOCT5IX. MOTllBhI MOryr MeH5ITh xapaxrep: JIHplfqeCKMe

pasmrx

HHCTpYMeHTOB

CTaHOB5ITC5Irp03HbIMH.:,

*
UI1I1.

Ko.n;a (JIaT. coda -

XBOCT)-

MY3bIKaJIbHOe nononneune,

asysauiee rrOCJIe3aKJIIOQIlTeJIbHOM xanen-

82 neceHHble MapIIIeBbIM11,

secenue

)!(aJI06HbIM11 H T. 11. Paapaoorxa

CaMbIH: 5lPK11M11 llHHaOHH naxe pa3B11B

MW:lHbli1 pa311eJICOHaTHoi1 <pOPMbI.

Penpusa -

B03BpaIUeHHe OCHOBHblX 06pa30B

B HX nepBOHa4aJIbHOM BHlle, npH4eM

C6JIH)!(aIOTC51, aK KaK npOX01l51TB 01lHOM TOHaJIbHOCT11 T T1151H HOBOe Ka4eCTBO TeM. "1l11HaMH4eCKa51"penpnsa, 3KCn0311U1111. enpnsa P KOHuepT

rJIaBHoi1. 3TO BbIBOll H HTOr scero

pOMaHTHKOB (qaMKoBCKHH:, pertpnaa,

PaXMaH11HOB) 4aCTO HCnOJIb3yeTC51 6oJ1ee HaCbIIUeHHO, 4eM PaXMaH11HOB,

TO ecrs

B KOTOPOM TeMbI asysar

B 3TOM CJ1Y4ae 5lBJ151eTC51 KYJ1bMHHaU11ei1<pOPMbI (nanpnvep: C 0pKeCTpoM).

NQ 2

1lJI51 dioprennaao

Hnorna

COHaTHa51<popMa 3aBepIIIaeTC51 «oooi;

llOnOJIH11TeJIbHbIM pa31leJIOM, Heo6xollHMbIM paspaoorxa llBH)!(eHHIO penpnsa HellaJIa ycnoKOeHH51

1lJI51 3aKpenJ1eH1151 cxasaunoro. (qaMKoBcKHM, npellbIllYIUHM CHM<pOHH51 NQ

Ocooenno

4aCTO xona BCTpe4aeTC51B rex CJIyqa51X,xorna CHM<pOHH51 NQ 5, <pHHaJI). 06bI4HO 6bIBaeT n051BJIeHHe aosoro,

6bIJ1a CJI11IIIKOM HHTeHCHBHOI{ H llpaMaT114Hoi1,

1; Berxoaen,
"3rMoHT").

B KOlle HCnOJIb3yeTC51

MY3bIKaJIbHbIH: MaTepHaJI. Ho I1YTaTb nOH51TH51 "conara"

4TO CB513aHOC pa3BHTHeM 3TO OllH04aCTHoe 11JIH

CIO)!(eTa (EeTXOBeH, ysepnopa He cnenyer

H "cOHaTHa51 <p0pMa". CO/lama llBYX HJIH rpex HHCTpYMeHTOB. UHKJ1a (CM. c. 83).

UHKJ1H4eCKOeI1pOH3BelleHHe llJI51 onnoro, Ma OllHOH: H3 -racren pOB nOCJ1ellYIOIUHX

coaarao-caurponasecxoro speuen.
OHa

Conamnas rjJ0pAta - <popConamnast rjJ0PJHa - BellYIUa51 B

TBop4eCTBe BeHCKHX KJ1aCCHKOB XVIII sexa,

CTaJIa J1I06HMOM Y 3apy6e)!(HbIX H PYCCKHXKOMn03HTOysepnopax, CHM<poHH4eCKHX H ll)!(YJIbeTTa").

HCnOJIb3yeTC51He TOJ1bKO B 4aCT51X COHaTHO-CHM<pOHH4eCKoro qai1KoBcKHM, YBepTIOpbI "1812ro1l","POMeo apH51 PYCJ1aHa"0,

UHKJ1a, HO H B OllH04aCTHbIX caMOCT051TeJIbHbIX I1pOH3Be1leHH51X1103MaX (EeTXOBeH, yseprtopa "3rMOHT";

Haorna

COHaTHa51 <popMa BCTpe4aeTC51 onepax B PHMCKHi1-KopcaKOB,

(fJIHHKa,

nOJIe, nOJIe" H3 ortepsr

"PYCJIaH H JIIOllMHJIa";

rrJ151CKa CKOMOPOXOB H3 orrepsr

"Cnerypoxxa'').

9.
aW(JZU'1eCKafl

:QHKJIHlleCKIIe

ll>OPMbI

tpopua -

3TO MY3bIKaJIbHa51 <popMa, COCT051IUa51 3 HeCKOJ1bKHX KOHTpaCTHbIX H HllYW:HX C rrepepstso«) -racren, 06bellHHeHHbIX 06W:HM 3aMbICJ10M.

caMOCT051TeJ1bHbIX(TO ecrs

KOHTpaCT MO)!(eT 6bITb TeMI10Boi1, MeJIOllH4ecKHi1, <PaKTYPHbli1, )!(aHpoBbli1, pHTMWleCKHM H T. 11.

1.0ouma
Ctouma 3TO UHKJ1H4eCKOenponsaenenae H3 HeCKOJIbKHX caMOCT051TeJIbHbIXnsec, xcpcnoaanae 3aMbICeJ1. Ka)!(1lyIO H3 KOTOPbIX MO)!(HO HCn0J1H51Tb OTlleJIbHO. Oco6eHHOCTb CIOHTbI KOHTpaCTHpYIOW:HX

4aCTeI{. MY3bIKa CIOHTbI HMeeT )!(aHpOBO-6bITOBYIO OCHOBYHJIH I1porpaMMHblM

Cmapuuuan ctouma
Cmapuunast
xa, CIOHTa 3TO UHK.J1H3 HeCKOJIbKHX ranues, 06bellHHeHHbIX CTbIO. 3Ta <popMa 110J1Y4HJ1aacnpocrpanenne p B MY3bIKe KOMn03HTopOB

Tennena, Kynepeua,

xvn -

o6w:ei1

TOHaJIbHOBeKOB:

XVIII
(CM.:

JIIOJIJI11,PaMO, ITepceJ1JIa, KOpeJIJ1H, EYKCTexYlle n npyrnx

Ea11. C. Bax,

"<DpaHUY3cKHe CIOHTbI", "AHrJIHMCKHe CIOI1TbI",

"Ilapnrru").

CXEMA ClOl1Thl

Ta6JUIua N~ 29

AJIJIeMaH1l,a
4 4
YMepeHHO YMepeHHo CKOPO

Kypanra
3 4 3 2
CKOPO

Capa6aH1l,a
3 4 3 2
Mell)IeHHO

)l(}fra
6
8 12 8 9 8 3 8
6blCTPO

83
KpOMe POHllO, Co 113 8-9 3T11X ranues, B ClO11TYBBO,n11JI11Cb1npyrne: 1 TIaBaHa, 6yppe, 6bITb MeHY3T, raBOT,

ransapna,
ap1151,

TIaCTIbe, p11rOL(OH, C11U11JI11aHa, IOJIOHe3 11T. n., a TaIOKe TIbeCbI He TaHueBaJIbHOrO T KaTIpWP-:II10, cxepuo.

xapaxrepa:

naxane

ClO11TbI Morno

BCTynJIeH11e: TIpeJIlOllJ15I, ynepnopa,

cPaHTa31151 T. n. 11 BTOPO.i1:TIOJIOB11HbI XVIII TIbeC )KaHpOBOro xapaxrepa

sexa

TI05IB11JI11Cb dueepmucuenm,

cepeuaoa, notcmtopn -

ClOl1TbI 3KO-

(MY3bIKa ,nJI5I 6bITa).

B H11X BXOll11JI11Mapum,

"pOMaHCbI",

ceasr,

KOHTpa,naHCbI, MeHY3TbI I1 r.n.

C806oiJIlaJl ctouma

B 19-20
lOHOIIIeCTBa", 3bIKa",

sexax

TI05IB11JIC5I OBbIM T11TICI011TbI, BKJIlOqalOlll11M He H 3aMbICeJI. 3TO

B I1X OCHOBe JIe)KaJI rrporpaMMHbIM "KapHaBaJI",

rpoprenaanuue
11 "Bpesrena

ranueaansnue

TIbeCbI. "Anb6oM

Hacro
llJI5I

UI1KJIbI (IIIYMaH rona",

"Ilercxne

cuenu",

MycoprCKI1M

"KapnIHKI1

C BbICTaBKI1",

EOPO,nI1H

"MaJIeHbKa51 ClOI1Ta", qaMKoBcKI1M CeH-CaHC (E113e ")leTCKI1e

")leTcK11M aJIb60M"

TIpoKOcPbeB ")leTCKa51 My-

"KapHaBaJI )KI1BOTHbIX", )le61Occl1 ")leTcKI1M yrOJIOK") 11 opxecrposue ClOl1TbI nrpsr", PI1MCKI1M-KopcaKOB "Illexepasana", JI5IllOB "Bocexn, PYCCKI1X napozmux necen", qaMKoBcKI1M "Cepenaaa"). Bonsuroe paCTIpOCTpaHeH11e rrOJIyl!I1JII1 ClOl1TbI I13 My3bIK11 K ,npaManiqeCKI1M CrreKTaKJI5IM (Tpnr "TIep [lOHT"), orrepav 11 6aJIeTaM (CIOI1TbI 113 6aJIeTOB qaMKoBcxoro "JIe6ellI1HOe osepo", "CTI5Illla51 xpacasnna", "llleJIKYH411K").

2. Conamuo-cusuponuuecuuii
Conamno-cusuponuueacuii
XOT5I 6bI onna qaCTb raxoro caMOCT05lTeJIbHbI, HO, no UI1KJI I13 KOTOPbIX, 4aIUe UJ1KJIa

U,UIC/l

3TO xpynnoe TIp0I13Be,neHl1e, COCT05l111ee113 3 - 4 -racren, nepsaa, HaTII1CaHa B cOHaTHoM rpopxre. Bee 4aCTJ1 KOHTpacTHbI, cpaBHeH11lO C ctoumou, 60JIee TeCHO CB5I3aHbI 0611111M3aMbICJIOM. Ka)K.Lla5I onny 113 CTOPOH CTaHOBJIeHJ15111 pa3BI1T1151enanoro pa3B11BaTbC5I 11J13MeH5ITbC5I.

pacxpsrsaer

ofipasa.

3Ta

cPopMa B03H11KJIa 11llOCT11fJla

csoero pacusera
rrpononxcaer

B TBOpqeCTBe KOMTI03J1TOpOB-KJIaCC11KOBXVIII

sexa

(Tatrnn, Mouapr, Berxonen),

Tafinnua N2 30

Xapaxrep11CTI1Ka qaCTeM TeMII

Haem I -racrt,
EbICTpbIM: allegro, allegro moderato, vivace, presto AKTI1BHbIM, D,eMCTBeHHbIM, )J(113HepaD,OCTHbIM 11J111 D,paMaTI1'leCKI1H

UI1KJIa

II -racrs
MeD,JIeHHbIM11 YMepeHHbIM: adagio, largo, andante, moderato Jhrpl1'leCKI1M,

III -tacrs
OT ysrepennoro D,O 6b1CTporo: moderato, allegro, allegretto :>KaHpoBbIM, ramieBaJIbHbIM: MeHY3T (faHD,H, Mouapr,

IV -racrs -

cP11HaJI

Ovens 6bICTPbIM: allegro molto, vivo, vivace, presto

AKTI1BHbIM, peunrrensHbIM, )J(113HepauocTHbIH, TPI1YM~aJIbHbIMI1JII1 D,paMaTI1'lHbIH

Xapaxrep
MY3bIKl1

coaepuarem.nsni,
neceansnt

Illyoepr),

cxepuo

(EeTXoBeH, lJaMKoBCKI1:H,1l10CTaKOBI1'l), BaJIbC(lJaMKOBCKI1M) <1>opMa COHaTHoe

annerpo

CJ1o)J(Ha5I TpeX'laCTHa51 COHaTHa5I, POHD,OC TPl10 B CepeD,I1He COHaTa(faMD,H, MoUaPT, nas, Bapl1aUI1I1, Illyoepr, EeTXoBeH, D,BOMHble Bapl1aUl111 Ilpoxorpses), Bapl1aU11I1 (lJaMKOBCKI1M) CJIo)J(Ha51 rpexxacrTOHaJIbHOCTI1, 6JIl13Kl1e maBHOH TOHaJIbHOCTb fJIaBHa51TOHaJIbHOCTb fJ1aBHa51 OD,H0I1MeHHa51 D,JI5I I1JII16JIl13Kl1e fJIaBHOM J1JII1 MI1HOpa (EeTXoBeH, CI1M~OHI151NQ 5)

TOHaJIbHOCTI1 fJIaBHa51TOHaJIbHOCTb

84
ECJIM: B UHKJIe TpH tIaCTlI, TO OTCYTCByeTonna 1I3 cpeznnrx. Hnorna BCTpetIalOTC5I UIIKJIhI C ,llpyrlIM KOJ1HtIeCTBOMtIaCTeM: 2 tIaCTlI (Illyoepr, HeOKOHtIeHHa5I CHM<P0HIl5I), 5 tIaCTeM (Fajinn, ilpOIUaJ1hHa5I CllM<pOHll5l; EepJ11103, <PaHTaCT11tIeCKa5I 11M<pOHIl5I;qaMKoBcKllM, C C11M<pOHl15INQ 3; 1ll0CTaKOBMtI, CllM<pOHl15I NQ 13), 6 tIaCTeM (CKp5I611H, C11M<pOHH5INQ 1; Manep, CHM<pOHIl5I NQ 3), 11 tIaCTeM (Illocraxoan-r, CHM<pOHM5INQ 14).

tI.

CJ1yqaeTC5I, tITO KOMrr0311TOp MeH5IeT nopaaox annanre, napnaumr; Berxonea, COHaTa NQ

Illytiepr,
3hlKll:

Hnorna

B nasane UllKJIa 3BYQllT HeOKOHtIeHHa5I CllM<pOHH5I.)

14 "JIYHHa5I": I tI. - anaxno. Me,llJ1eHHOe ecmynneuue (Fanan, JIoH,llOHCKHe

tIaCTeM BHyTpH UHKJIa:

Mouapr,

COHaTa

NQ 11:

C11M<P0HllM;

COHaTHo-c11M<p0HMtIeCKHM UllKJI llCrr0J1h3yeTC5IB CJ1e,llYlOIUHX xcanpax

HHCTPYMeHTaJIhHOMMY-

B) B tconuepme - UllKJIlltIeCKOM nponaaeaenan ,llJ15I C0J111CTa opKeCTpOM; C r) B mpuo, «eapmeme, tceunmeme, cexcmeme 11T. n. -UHKJIHtIeCKHX rrpOH3Be,lleHH5IX ,llJ15IHHCTpYMeHTaJIhHOrO aHCaM6J15I.

a) B couame - UllKJIlltIeCKOM nponasenennn ,llJ15I ,llHOrO, ,llByx HJ1Hrpex HHCTpYMeHTOB; O 6) B CUMcjJOHUU - UllKJIlltIeCKOM npoaaseaenaa ,llJ15I llM<poHlltIeCKOrO opxecrpa; C

3. J(pyzue uutau
nPEJIIO)lIUI 11 <DYfA

Ilpentoous
3UJl) -

U cjJY2a -

UMKJI 113,llBYX KOHTpaCTHhIX tIaCTeM. 11pasnoa <paKTYPhI. nponaaenemre,

Ilpemoous

(HJ1H

motocama, tpanmaB KOTOPOMtIepe,llyr0J10-

I -racrs
C/>y2a -

UHKJIa, BCTyrrJ1eHMeK <pyre. 3TO CB06o,llHO rrOCTpOeHHa5I nseca, xapaxrepa crporoe nomnponn-recxoe

lOTC5I3rr1I30,llhI paanoro COB (CM. c. 06e

II xacrs, 86).

OCHOBaHHoe na 11MllTaUllll

tIaCTH 06hltIHO

rrHIIIYTC5I B OlIHOM TOHaJIhHOCTll. "ilpeJ1lOlIHII 11 rpyn:".

Ilpmrepst:

Bax,

"XOPOlliO

resmepapo-

BaHHhIM xnannp":

Illocraxoeas,

10.

IIoJIH$oHHqecKHe

$OpMLI

Cnocof 113JIO)I(eHlI5IMY3hIKaJIhHOrO MaTep11aJIa (rpaxrypa, MY3hIKaJ1hHa5ITKaHh, CKJIaLlrnrcssra) MO)I(eT 6hlTh 20.JI-WcjJoHHo-2apJlWHUlleCKuu lIJ1ll nonutponuuectcuu. FOJlWcjJOHUJl (rpes. rOMO - paBHhIM, <pOH - 3BYK), 11J1lI 20.JI-WcjJOHHO-2apMOHUlleCKoe nUCbMO 3TO TaKOI1 CKJIa,ll MHOrOr0J10CHOM My3hIKH, B KOTOPOM O,llHH r0J10C Be,llYIUllM, a ztpyrue ero COrtposoxcaaior, nrpaior POJIh rapMOHlIqeCKOM rronnepxxn, aKKOMrraHeMeHTa. Hanpnuep: qaMKoBCKllM, MapIII, Ilonsxa, BaJIhC, "I1TaJIb5IHCKa5I necenxa" lI3 "Ilercxoro aJ1h60Ma". JIOAUcjJOHUJl (rpex. rr0J111- MHoro, <pOH - 3BYK) - BH,ll MHOrOr0J10CHOM My3hIKH, KOTOPhIM OCHOBaH na O,llHOBpeMeHHOM 3BytIaHlIll nsyx II 60J1ee caMOCT05ITeJ1bHhIX MeJ10,lll1M. Ilousrae "rrOJ1M<pOHH5I" osnanaer c C rrOH5ITlieM "KOHmpanYHKm". Oc06eHHOCTh nonmpona-recxoro cxnana TeKYtIeCTh II nenpepusnocn, MY3bIKaJIhHOrO lIBII)I(eHl15I, xoropsre ,llOCTHralOTC5Iaa cser necosnaaetconmpacmnas, U.JI-tUmQL~UOHHaJl II nOa20AOCOllHaJl. rrOJIll<pOHH5I 3TO OlIHOBpeMeHHoe coseranae pa3HbIX MeJ10,llIIM. Hanpnvep, y Eaxa BCTpeqaeTC5I coseranne MeJIO,llIIM naxe pa3HbIX )I(aHpOB (Eax, "CTpaCTlI rro Marrpero", Xop NQ 1, KaHTaTa NQ 131, COJIOC XOpOM)* . . Konmpacmnas (HeUMUmal{UOHHaJl)
HllM Ka,lleHUllM B ronocax. Pa3J1lltIalOT TpH OCHOBHbIXBll,Ua

nonarpoana:

Huumauuonnas

nonuiponun

OCHOBaHa na

nonpaxannu

OCHOBHOMrexre.

Huumauus Bax,

rrpHeM

nOBTOpeHll5I MeJ10,llIIH (llJ1H ee nacra),

rrp03ByqaBIIIeM

B OlIHOM rOJIOce, ,llPYfllMH

r0J10CaMH.
HHBeHlUISI

•
.. III

.NH

",

..

II"",.......... I__

........ __ J I

*B
()J,OCJI.

)J,OMe EaXOB qaCTO YCTpaMBaJII1Ch ceMeHHhle

BeqepMHKI1,

na

KOTOPhIX neJII1 uryrosnste

xeooautiemu
neCHM.

"see 'ITO yrO.lJ:HO") -

xanp

nOJIM<pOHMqeCKOH My3hIKM, me O)J,HOBpeMeHHO 3ByqaJIM

pasnsre

85
KaHOH

(rpes. -

npaauno, ofipaaeu) -

uenpepsranas

CTpOra51HMHTaUH51He TOJIhKO TeMhI, HO

H ee rrpo,uOJI)KeHH51.HHhIMH

CJIOBaMI1, HeCKOJIhKO rOJIOCOB HCrrOJIH51IOT O,uHY H TY )l(e TeMY, HO He KaK 6hI

I

o,uHOBpeMeHHO, a rrOCJIe,uOBaTeJIhHO npyr aa npyrov,

I

sanaaasmaa.
<1>paHUyJCKaH Hap neCHS!

II I I

,
,

.,

.,
I I

I I I

.. ..

I
_l _j_

fill'

- ""-

KaHOH MO)l(eT 6hITh <pOPMOHcaMOCT051TeJIhHOrOrrpOH3Be,lleHH51 (naponasre necna - uexretrKa51 "Bpareu 5IKOB" , 6eJIOPYCCKa51 'Tlepenenosxa", PYCCKa51"B ChIPOM fiopy rporunra", KaHOHhI Mouapra, Taanna, Berxonena, Bpaxica, Illyoepra 11 npyrnx). qacTo KaHOHhI BCTpeQaIOTC51BHYTpH xpynaoa <pOPMhI - <pyrH, COHaThI, CHM<pOHHH, onepnoro aHCaM6JI5111T. rr. (fJII1HKa, TpHO "He TOMH, PO,uHMhIH" H3 onepsr "HBaH CycaHHH", 3rrH30,u rrOXHllleHH51 JIIO,uMHJIhI H3 onepsr "PYCJIaH 11 JIIO,uMHJIa"; qaHKoBcKHH, ,uY3T "Bparn" H3 5-H KapTHHhI onepsr "EBreHHH OHerHH"). KaHoHhI B orrepax HCrrOJIb3YIOTC5I ,uJI51 rronsepxaearrna e,uHHCTBa HaCTpOeHH5I repoes. Ilooeonocounuii BH,u rrOJIH<poHHI1 OCHOBaH na CO'leTaHHH onnoro nanesa H nOa20flOCKO(J, ero BapHaHTOB. TIo,urOJIOCO'lHa51 rrOJIH<poHH5I xapaxrepna ,uJI51PYCCKOH HapO)lHOH XOPOBOM rrecnn. B 3TOM MaHepe 06pa6aThIBaJIH naponusre MeJIOLIHMH CO'lHH5IJIH rrpOH3Be.lleHH5I MHome PYCCKl1e KOMrtoanropst: Mycoprcxmi, KaCTaJIbCKHM, KaJII1HHMKOB, qecHoKoB M npyrne (CM.: MycoprCKI1M, BCTyrrJIeHHe K orrepe "EOPMC [O.llYHOB"; EOPOLIHH, xop rrOCeJI51H M3 onepsr "KH5I3b Hrops"), Hacsrutenne MY3hIKaJIhHOM TKaHH "nOIOlllI1MI1" rrOLIrOJIOCKaMH QaCTO BCTpe'laeTC5I B MY3hIKe qaMKoBcxoro, CKp5I6MHa, PaxMaHMHoBa.

TIOJIH<pOHI151 03HMKJIa B cpemnre sexa, B re-renae CTOJIenIH HHTeHCMBHO pa3BHBaJIaCh, ocoB 6eHHO B )l(aHpaX XOPOBOHMY3hIKH. Cmpoeuii cmuns - 3TO nOJIHcpoHI151 VI - XVI BeKOB. OHa OTJIHl.IaeTC51 crrOKOHHhIM, fIJIaBHhIM ,uBI1)1(eHHeMrOJIOCOB, 6JIar03BY'lHeM rapMOHHH, B KOTOPhIX npeofinanaior KOHCOHaHChI. KOMrr03HTophI: )KocKeH ,llerrpe,D,IO<pal1, Jlacco, TIaJIeCTpHHa. K C(J060aHOMY cmunto OTHOCI1TC51 rrOJII1<pOHH5I VII - XX BeKOB. 3TOT CTHJIh xapaxrepnayerca X 60JIee CB060LIHhIM I1CrrOJIh30BaHMeM Bhlpa3HTeJIhHhIX cpencrs. BhlCIIlMX <pOPM rrOJIH<pOHH51 .llOCTHrJIa B TBOp'leCTBe Baxa H feH,ueJI51. C 3rrOXM BeHCKHX KJIaCCHKOB (XVIII BeK) aKTHBHO pa3BHBaeTC5I rOMo<poHHOrapMOHH'leCKHH CKJIa.ll. Ho rrOJIl1<poHH51 npOLIOJI)I(aeT 3aHHMaTh saxaoe MecTo B TBOp'leCTBe Fannna, Mouapra, Berxosena 11rrOCJIe.llYJOlllHXKOMrr03HTopOB (Illyoepr, IllYMaH, JIHCT, Bpaxrc, EepJII103, Barnep, ,llBOp)l(aK, Xl-IHLIeMHT, Onerrep, EpHTTeH).

B POCCI-IMMHOrOrOJIOCHOe nenae zronroe BpeM5I cymecTBOBaJIO JIMlIlh B HapOLIHo-rreceHHOM TBOp'leCTBe. npo<peCCI10HaJIhHa51 uepxomraa MY3hIKa rrpe,uCTaBJI5IJIaC060H o,uHorOJIOCHOe YHHCOHHoe rteane MY)l(CKI1X rOJIOCOB ('3HaMeHHblU pacnee'v a capella (a KaneJIJIa) 6e3 I1HCTpYMeHTaJIhnoro COrrpOBO)l()leHI151.B XVI sexe B uepKOBHOM neamr rr051BJI5IeTC51 MHOrOrOJIOCHe: cmpounoe neHue (fIJIaBHOe rpexronocnoe) H oeuecmeennoe nenue (TOp)l(eCTBeHHoe 'leTblpeXrOJIOCHOe, HCrrOJIH5I-

JIOCh na rrpa311HH'lHbIX 60rOCJI~eHH5IX). 3ByqaHHe CTaPHHHOH PYCCKOH MHOrOrOJIOCHOH My3hIKl1 csoeoopaano 11 OTJIWIaeTC5I OT nOJII1<pOHHM 3arra.llHOH Esponu. Pacnenu, HX <popMa, pa3BHTHe, LIBH)I(eHl1e roJIOCOB, rrpHeMhI nOllrOJIOCO'lHOM rrOJII1<pOHI1M npennonaraior I1HYIO nornxy, ocoooe COOTHOlIleHHe rapMOHI1M. C cepenanu XVII sexa B POCCHJOnpHXOll5IT rpexronocnsre 6hITOBhle rreCHI1 axxopnoao- rapMOHH'leCKOrO cxnana ("KaHTWIKl1"). 3apOlll1BlIleeC51 na 3arra.ue napmecnoe nenue (OT partes - naprnn, - BI111MHOrOrOJIOCHOMMY3hIKH axxopnosoro cxnana) 6hICTpO pacrrpOCTpaH51eTC51 H B POCCI1H. Pa3BHBaIOTC5I)l(aHphI MHororOJIOCHOH 6hITOBOH JIHPMKH: aYXO(JHble neCHU ("ncaflbJ'ftbt") 11 CBeTCKHe ("KaHmbt"). B03Hl1KaeT )l(aHp aYXO(JH020 XOP06020 xonuepma - ropxecrsemtoro MHororoJIOCHOrO rrpOM3BelleHH51 )lJI5I xopa 6e3 COrrpOBO)l()leHH5I HHCTpYMeHTOB C 3<p<peKTHhIMM rrpl1eMaMM xoposoro nacsva. KOmI'leCTBO rOJIOCOB1l0XOlll1JIO .uo 48. KOMrr03HTopbI: THTOB, KaJIaIIlHI1KOB, EaBhIKMH. TI05IBJI5IeTC51 rr51TMJIMHeMHa5I HOTaUM5I* M B03MO)l(HOCTh aannca B

XVIII sexe

MHororOJIOCHbIX CO'lMHeHMM. OH npen-

B03Hl1KaeT KJIaCCM'leCKMM run

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* llo XVII sexa B POCCI-HI .llJl51 3amlC11.uYXOBHbIX neCHOneHI1HnpI1MeH5IJl111WMeHHYIO, 11Jlll xptoxoeyto 3 HOTaUMJO (OT CJlOB3HaK 11KpIOK). Menozma 3amICbIBaJI11CbHaKaMM:"pMcYHKaMM, 3 HanOMllHaBllIMMM KpIOKM. Ka)I(l],bIH3HaK Mor 0603HaQaTbomm, nsa MJlMHeCKOJlbKO 3BYKOB, anorna M ueJlbIH nanen. a

86
CTaBJUleT C060H UHKJ1l1qeCKOenpoaaaenenne H3 3 HJIH 4 KOHTpaCTHhlX QaCTeH C rrOJIHcPoHHQeCKl1M BHPTY03HhIM Q:>l1HaJIOM (rpyrerra, rpyra). B COQl1HeHl1l1 l1CrrOJIh3yroTC5Inpnesn; esponencxoa rrOJIl1cPoHHQeCKOH TeXHHKl1 (KaHoHhI, l1Ml1TaUl1l1, rpyraro). Ho OCmeTC5I rJIaBHa5I oco6eHHOCTh PYCCKOH nyxomroti MY3hIKl1 nenne a capella - 6e3 HHCTpYMeHTaJIhHOrO COrrpOBO)!(lJ.eHH5I.KOMII03HTOPhI: EOPTH5IHCKHH, Eepe30BCKl1H, )leIT5IpeB, Benens. K rrOJIHQ:>oHHH 06paIUaJIl1Ch nee KOMII0311TOPhI rrOCJIenYIOIUl1X speuen: fJIHHKa, AJI5I6heB, qaH:KOBCKHH, Taneen, Bopomnr, Mycoprcxuii, PHMCKHH-KopcaKoB, CKp5I611H, PaxMaHHHoB, Ilpoxorpsen, illOCTaKOBl1Q, Illmrrxe.

(/)yza
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H MaCTepCTBY HX <pyrlI 5IBJI5I1OTC5I BhIC-

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88

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