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1. When does the sporophyte and gametophyte generation begin in the typical angiosperm?
The sporophyte generation begins after the fusion of the haploid gametes. The gametophyte generation begins
after meiosis when haploid spores are formed.

2. Identify the general functions of the parts of a complete flower.

a. Sepal ± Enclose and protect the floral bud before it opens
b. Petals ± Advertise the flower to insects and other pollinators with bright colors
c. Stamen ± reproductive organs consisting of a stalk called the filament and the anther
d. Carpel ± reproductive organ that has an ovary at its base and a long, slender neck called the style

3. Describe the two processes that produce the angiosperms gametophyte.

a. Male ± Each microsporocyte divides by meiosis, producing four haplolid microspores, each that develops
into a pollen grain. The male gametophyte matures in the pollen grain when its nucleus divides, forming two
sperm.
b. Female ± In the ovule, a large diploid megasporocyte divides by meiosis and makes four haploid cells (only
one survives). Three mitotic divisions of the megaspore form the embryo sac.

4. What is meant by double fertilization?

Double fertilization is a mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells
in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm.

5. How is the seed embryo nourished?

The seed embryo is nourished by stored starch in the plant.

6. Sketch and label a dicot seed. Include the functions.

7. What does a seed need to germinate?

A seed needs to be fertilized, viable, and mature.

8. Identify some asexual mechanisms for plant reproduction.