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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The complication of a compilation brings with it an apriciated respite

from many months of demanding efforts and also provides a welcome
opportunity to acknowledge much kind of souls who helped along the way.
Writing acknowledgement is the difficult task. I will be greatful to the
persons who are helped me for this i.e. who gave valuable suggestions,
photographs and information regarding the drug namely.
I submit my self with a sense of gratitude and honour to our guide
Prof. D.S.Lucas Dean, GCIM, MD (Ay), BHU, FRAS (London), FRAV (India),
A.L.N.Rao Memorial Ayurvedic medical college Koppa.
Who has guided, advised and aided me to complete this work. I will
always be indebted to my respected teacher Dr.Sanjaya K.S. BSc., MD (Ay),
Head of the Department of Dravya guna.
I also offer my special thanks to Sri. Aroor Ramesh Rao, the President
who is supporting us in all our activities and encouraging us.
I also offer my special thanks to our Principal Dr.Jagadeesh Kunjal
who helped me in completing this work.
I also express my sincere thanks to Dr.Shridhar .V. and Dr.Sathish
Sringeri for their kind help and support for this work.
I am also very thankful to our librarian Miss.Triveni and Mr.Sathish
who helped a lot by supplying the books.
Then, I will be thankful to all my lecturers who were helped and
suggested for me in this compilation work.

Dinesh Naik.

2
 CONTENTS
Sl.No. TOPIC Pg.No.
1. INTRODUCTION 3-5
2. HISTORY 6-8
3. NIRUKTI 9-10
4. SYNONYMS 11-12
5. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE 13-14
6. VERNACULAR NAMES 15-16
7. CONTROVERSY 17-18
8. HABITAT OF DRUG 19-20
9. HABIT OF FAMILY 21-22
10. HABIT OF DRUG 23-24
11. SEASON OF AVAILABILITY 25-26
12. MACRO AND MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE 27-28
13. PART USED 29-30
14. PROPERTIES 31-32
15. KARMA / ACTION 33-34
16. AMAYIKA PRAYOGA 35-36
17. PHYTO CHEMISTRY 37-38
18. POSOLOGY 39-40
19. SHODHANA 41-42
20. PREPARATION 43-44
21. REFERENCES 45-47
22. BIBLIOGRAPHY 48-51

3
4
 INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is a heavenly science that descended down with an intention
to root out ailments from the world, does not only concentrate on Aatura
chikitsa but also concentrate on swasthya rakshana of the swastha.
The science supports as a foot step to attain moksha, the science is
based mainly on the Tridosha siddanta and Panchaboutika siddanta.
The science is elaborate for the purpose of a systemic and
sophisticated study. It is divided into 8 branches.

DravyaGuna is the science, which deals with the drug, their

properties, & the action. It also gives the knowledge about the Rasa, Guna,
Veerya, Vipaka Prabhava & Karma of the drug.

It deals with various aspect of the knowledge of the drug such as

identification, action & the uses. It also includes dosage, compatibility &
processing of drugs.
It is divided in to the following branches.
1) Pharmacognasy [Nama rupa vijnana]: -
It deals with various names and synonyms of drugs and also their
morphological characters.
2) Pharmacology [Guna Karma vijnana]: -
It discusses the properties and actions of the drugs.
3) Therapeutics [Prayoga vijnana]: -
On the basis of properties and actions, it describes the uses of drugs in
various ailments, the dosage and vehicles; the diet prescribed or restricted
for the patient also comes under this because diet plays important role in
Ayurvedic therapy.
4) Pharmacy [Samyoga vijnana]: -
Storage and collection of drugs, various processings by which the drug
becomes fit for use of he patient are discussed under this branch.
The edifice of the drug science of Ayurveda stands on the foundation
of the basic fundamentals of Panchamahabhuta and Tridosa.

The drug ‘Langali’ is identified according to the morphological

characters. It is called by the name ‘Gloriosa superba Linn.’ botanically.
This drug is comes under the ‘Liliaceae Linn.’ family. It is a tall glabrous
climbing herb-distributed throughout paleotropical places.

5
 The drug having properties like Laghu and Teekshna and Rasas are
Katu and Tikta, Acharya Charaka mentions it under ‘Bhedaneeya gana’.
This drug is known by the period of Brihatrayees itself.
It is the drug helpful in Vamaka, Rechaka, Deepana, Krimighna,
Kaphavata shamaka, Shotha, Dourbalya, Arsa, Vrana, Garbhapatana etc.

6
7
 HISTORY OF THE DRUG

VEDIC PERIOD
The drug Langali is not to be found in any vedic period books.

POURANIKA PERIOD
The drug Langali is not to be found in any pouranika period books.

SAMHITA PERIOD
Charaka Samhita [1200 B.C]:
The Charaka samhita is the text, which belong the Atreya sampradaya.
It describes more than 500 drugs. The drugs are divided mainly in 50 ganas.
The Langali is the drug mentioned under the Bhedaneeya gana.
Sushruta Samhita [100 B.C]:
In Sushruta samhita also the reference regarding this drug is given in
many contexts.
He mentioned the Guna and Karma of the drug. He mentioned in
treatment of normal delivery etc.
Astanga Hridaya:
Acharya Vagbhata mentions it under Sutra sthana, Sareera sthana,
Chikitsa sthana and Uttara sthana. He was also mentioned the properties and
action of the drug.
Sharangadhara Samhita [14th Cent A.D]:
Acharya Sharangadhara mentions about this drug, under the properties
of Langali taila.
Bhaishajya ratnavali [18th Cent A.D]:
The drug mentioned under the preparation of Kasisadi taila and
Lagalyadi loha.

NIGHANTU PERIOD
Dhanvantari Nighantu:
The drug its synonyms, properties and actions are mentioned in this
book.
Hridaya Deepika Nighantu:
The synonyms and actions are mentioned.
Shaligrama Nighantu:
The synonyms of the drug, properties and actions are mentioned in
this book.

8
Kaiyadeva Nighantu:
Mentioned the synonyms, properties and actions of the drug.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu:
In this book mentioned properties, actions and sodana of the drug.
Raja Nighantu:
In this book mentioned it is a varga of upavisa.
Nighantu Adarsha:
Mentioned, synonyms, properties, uses, vernacular names, nirukti,
actions of the drug.

MODERN PERIOD
It is observed in almost all the books of modern period. Mainly
discussed about its vernacular names, morphology, properties, therapeutic
uses, usable part, phytochemistry, dose and other details of the drug are to be
mentioned.

9
10
 NIRUKTI
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11
12
 SYNONYMS
Sl. No. Synonyms P.N D.N K.N S.N D.V N.A D.H
1. Halini       
2. Vishalya       
3. Garbhapathini       
4. Agnimokhe       
5. Siri       
6. Deeptha       
7. Nekhthendupushika       
8. Langali       
9. Langalika       
10. Kalikarika       
11. Agnijwala       
12. Kalihari       
13. Languli       
14. Karihari       
15. Indrapushipi       
16. Vahlijihwa       
17. Pradeptha       
18. Agnishikha       
19. Shikha       
20. Vahlimukhi       
21. Prabhatha       
22. Pushpashekara       
23. Vahlipushpa       
24. Garbhanutha       
25. Shakrapushpa       
26. Agnivakthrra       
27. Swarna pushpa       
28. Shukha pushpa       
29. Garbhadhathini       

 - Mentioned
 - Not mentioned
P.N - Priya Nighantu D.V - Dravya guna Vijnana
D.N - Dhanvantari Nighantu N.A - Nighantu Adarsha

13
K.N - Kaiyadeva Nighantu D.H - Dravya guna Hastamala
S.N - Shaligrama Nighantu

14
15
 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

Kingdom - Plant
Division - Spermatophyte
Sub division - Angiospermae
Class - Monocotyledons
Order - Liliflorae
Family - Liliaceae
Genus - Aiparagus
Latin name - Gloriosa superba Linn.

16
17
 VERNACULAR NAMES

 Sanskrit - Langali
 Hindi - Kalihari
 Kannada - Agnisikha, Kalikutumana gade
 English - Malabar glory lily
 Bengal - Ulatchandal
 Gujarati - Dudhioya vacchanaga
 Malayalam - Mendonni
 Marathi - Karianag
 Punjabi - Kariari
 Tamil - Kalappaikkilanju
 Telugu - Adavinabhi, Potthidumpa
 Tulu - Balipapu
 Burma - Simmidai
 South Africa - Climbing lily
 Urdu - Kanol
 Ajmere - Rajahrar
 French - Superbe demalabar
 Java - Akarsoenjsang

18
19
 CONTROVERSY

Langali is considered as a Uapvisha by many texts. But according to

Dr.Bapalal Vaidya in his text ‘Some controversial drugs in Indian medicine’,
he mentioned it as non-poisonous.
Bhavamishra has drawn the attention, the word Upavisha should be
constructed as Gounavisha.
In Astanga Hridaya has used it as rasayana, many have translated this
word Langali mening ‘Mucuna pruriens’ Langali is the synonyms of Kapi
Kachchu.
In Gujarat it is known as Vadhawordi meaning is quarrels. In Sanskrit
it know as Kalikarika meaning the promoter of quarrel. But in Charaka,
Sushruta and Vagbhata there is mention of word Kalikarika or Kalihari.
But in Amara Kosha there is the synonyms for Jalapippali.

20
21
 HABITAT OF THE DRUG

The plant is distributed throughout paleotropical India from sea level

to about 2000m. elevation, growing under a variety of soil condition and
also it is distributed in South Africa, Madagascar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam, Tropical Africa, Ceylon and China etc.

22
23
 HABIT OF THE FAMILY

Habit:
Herbs and climbers, rarely shrubs or trees.
Leaves:
Simple, radical or cauline or both.
Inflorescence:
A spike, raceme, panicle or umbel, often on a scape.
Flower:
Regular, bisexual (rarely unisexual, dioecious as in smilax), 3-merous
and hypogynous, bracts usually small, scarious.
Perianth:
Sepals petaloid, usually 6 in two whorls, 3+3, free or united.
Androecium:
Stamens 6, in two whorls, 3+3, rarely 3, free or united with the
perianth at the base, anthers often dorsifixed.
Gynoecium:
Carpels, syncarpous, ovary, superiod, 3-celled, ovules usually ∞ in
two rows in each locules, placentation axile, styles.
Fruits:
A berry or capsule.
Seed:
Albuminous

24
25
 HABIT OF THE DRUG

The Gloriosa superba Linn. is a tall glabrous, climbing herb with

tuberous root-stock.
Leaves:
Simple, sessile, alternate or opposite or verticillate, shape is ovate,
laceolate, cordate or round base with long pedicel, leaf is 7.5-15cm long 2-
4.5cm width, nerves are parallel, tip elongating into a spirally coiled tendril,
entire margin.
Flower:
Large, axillary, solitary or subcorymobose, remaining for about 7 days
without withering, pedicels up to 15cm long, perianth segments 6 linear,
flexuosus and deflexed, basal half bright yellow, upper half red, glabrous
ovary, 3-celled, style reaching 5cm long.
Fruit:
9 to 12 inches in size.
Seed:
3cm long, oblong, sulobose.
Tuber:
Round, flat and 3 cm long. It grows during monsoon and dries up as
soon as rain stops.

26
27
 SEASON OF AVAILABILITY

Flowering and fruiting time - July – October

28
29
 MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
Tuberous root:
It is thick, almost cylindrical or slightly laterally flattened, occurring
in pieces of 15.30cm long. 2.5-3.8cm thick, often bifurcated with tapering
ends, brownish externally and yellowish internally.

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
Tuberous root shows single layered epidermis externally cuticularised,
consisting of rectangular cells followed by ground parenchyma with
scattered small vascular bundles, parenchyma cells large, thin walled, having
intercellular space, its outer layer filled with starch grains, measuring 8-33µ
in dia. Vascular bundles collateral, numerous, scattered throughout ground
tissue, consisting of xylem and phloem.
Xylem composed of vessels, tracheoids and parenchyma, the xylem
parenchyma cells usually rectangular.
Phloem consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells. The phloem
parenchyma cells, very small and thin walled.

30
31
 PARTS USED

The parts of Langali are used for various purpose. Main parts used for
therapeutic purpose are
 Kanda - stem
 Moola - root

32
33
 PROPERTIES

The properties of the plant indicates Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka of

the plant.
The properties as follows –
Guna - Laghu, Teekshna
Rasa - Katu, Tikta
Vipaka - Katu
Veerya - Ushna
Prabhava - Garbhapatana

Sl. Name of the text Rasa Guna Veerya Vipaka

No.
1. Dravya guna Katu Laghu Ushna Katu
Vijnana Tikta Teekshna
2. Dhanvantari Katu - Ushna -
Nighantu Tikta
3. Kaiyadeva Katu Laghu Ushna -
Nighantu Tikta Teekshna
4. Bhavaprakasha Katu - Ushna -
Nighantu
5. Nighantu Adarsha Katu, Tikta - Ushna Katu
Lavana
6. Dravya guna Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ushna Katu
Hastamala Kashaya Teekshna
Guru
7. Priya Nighantu Katu Teekshna Ushna -
Tikta

34
35
 ACTION

Action on Dosha - Kaphavata shamaka

Action on Dhatu - Rakta shodhaka
Action on Mala - Purishbhedaka

OTHER ACTION
 Vamaka
 Rechaka
 Deepana
 Pittasaraka
 Krimigna
 Garbhapatana
 Sothagna
 Vrunagna
 Visakta
 Salyapakarsana
 Jantugna
 Balya
 Arshoghna
 Ksobhakara
 Rasayana etc.

36
37
 AMAYIKA PRAYOGA

1. For extraction of foreign body:

By application of the paste of Langali tuber on wound’s opening the
foreign body comes out immediately even if hidden since long.
2. for Easy delivery:
By application of the roots of Langali on navel, pelvis and vulva, the
women delivery easily occur.
3. For expelling placenta:
By application of the root of Langali to palm and sole of the women.
4. For Vatarakta:
Langalyadi vatika can be taken.
5. Piles:
Paste of Langali mixed with Sirisa seed should be applied on the
hoemorrhoids.
6. Boils:
Root or seed of Langali are pounded with sour gruel and the paste is
applied locally.
7. For ear disease:
Juice of Langali root mixed with Trikatu powder should be filled in the
ear. Or
Oil cooked with Tulasi and Langli should be used as snuff.

38
39
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Plant contain –
Alkaloid gloriosine, Aromatic oil
Benzoid acid, Salicylic acid, colin sugar,
Fatty acid and resinous substance.
Tuber contain –
Tannin, supperbine, resin,
Gloriogine, starch
Tuber and seed –
Colchicines, Isoperlolyrine
and related tropolane alkaloids
Aerial stem –
Colchicines, Alkaloid
Young leaves –
Chelidonic acid
Flower –
Glucosides

40
41
 POSOLOGY

Consideration of dose is very important to achieve result because if

the dose is too large, it may cause harmful side effect and it is too legs it
would not be effective. Hence the dose may be so regulated that the drug
may not harm the tissues.
The dose of Langali has been suggested as follows –
Kanda - 250 - 500 mg
3 - 6 gm for Abortifacient
Moola - 3 - 6 gm

42
43
 SHODHANA

According to Bhavaprakasha Nighantu mentioned the Shodhana of

Langali.
Take the Kanda of the Langali and make in to small pieces. These
pieces are keep in the buttermilk with small amount of salt for 4-5 days. But
the solution (buttermilk and salt) should be change every day. By this
process the poison quantity of the drug will be decrease.
If the drug is kept in the Gomootra for one day then also it becomes
pure.

44
45
 PREPARATION

The main preparation of the Langali as follows –

1) Nirgundi taila
2) Kasisadi taila
3) Mahavishagarbha taila
4) Langalyadi rasayan
5) Langulyadi loha
6) Langali taila

46
47
 REFERENCES

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T™£d§df£dd§dg™£d ¯dgªdd |

48
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50
51
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Amara Kosha
- Amara Simha
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2) Ayurvedokta Aushadha Niruktamala
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3) Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources
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6) Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
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distributors.
7) Bhaishajya ratnavali
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8) Classical uses of medicinal plants
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9) Dhanvantari Nighantu
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11) Dravya guna Vijnana
- Prof. P.V.Sharma
- Chaukabambha Bharathi Academy Varanasi.
12) Dravya guna Hastamalaka
- Vaidya Mishra Banvarilal

52
13) Dravya guna Kosha
- Prof. P.V.Sharma
- Chaukabambha Bharathi Academy Varanasi.
14) Flora of Shimoga
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15) Flora of Coorg
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19) Gada Nighantu
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- Prof. P.V.Sharma
- Chaukabambha SuraBharathi Prakashn Varanasi.

53
28) Raja Nighantu
- Dr.Tripati Indradev
- Chaukambha Sanskrit series office, Varanasi.
29) Rasarnava
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st
36) Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India – part 1
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37) Vanoushadi Nidarshika
- Prof.Ram Susheel Simha
- Uttar Pradesh Hindi Samsthan.

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