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Purpose of ISL:
To uplift and redeem valuable human material and prevent
unnecessary and excessive deprivation of personal liberty and
economic usefulness.
CLASSIFICATION OF PENALTIES (Art. 25)
Capital Punishment: Death (Now prohibited under RA 9346) a. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification
b. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification
Afflictive Penalties: c. Suspension from
a. Reclusion Perpetua 1. Public office
b. Reclusion Temporal 2. The right to vote and be voted for
c. Perpetual / Temporary Absolute Disqualification 3. Profession or Calling
d. Perpetual / Temporary Special Disqualification d. Civil Interdiction
e. Prision Mayor e. Indemnification
f. Forfeiture or Confiscation of instruments or proceeds of the
Correctional Penalties: offense.
a. Prision Correcional g. Payment of Costs
b. Arresto mayor
c. Suspension
d. Destierro
Light Penalties:
a. Arresto Menor
b. Public Censure
COMPARATIVE TABLE
ARTICLE 9 ARTICLE 26
GRAVE FELONIES – those to which the law attaches Capital AFFLICTIVE – fine of more than 6,000 pesos
Punishment or Afflictive Penalties
CORRECTIONAL – 200 to 6,000
LESS GRAVE FELONIES – maximum period are CORRECTIONAL
LIGHT – less than 200 (199 and below)
LIGHT FELONIES – Arresto Menor or a
fine not exceeding 200 pesos or both
*In case of a fine of exactly 200 pesos, It has been held that this discrepancy should be resolved liberally in favor of the accused hence
Art. 9 prevails (People v. Yu Hai, 99 Phil 725)
GRADUATED SCALE OF PENALTIES, DURATION AND ACCESSORY PENALTY
PRESCRIPTION OF PRESCRIPTION OF
DURATION ACCOMPANYING
PENATIES (Article 71) CRIME PENALTY
(Art. 27) ACCESORY PENALTY
(Art. 90) (Art. 92)
SCALE No. 1
Article 41:
a. Civil interdiction for life
or during the period of
the sentence as the
case may be
2. Reclusion Perpetua 20 yrs 1 day – 40 yrs b. Perpetual Absolute 20 yrs 20 yrs
Disqualification which
the offender shall suffer
even though pardoned
as to the principal
penalty
Art. 42:
a. Temporary Absolute
Disqualification
4. Prision Mayor 6 yrs 1 day – 12 yrs 15 yrs 15 yrs
b. Perpetual Absolute
Disqualification from
the right of suffrage
5. Prision Correcional 6 mos. 1 day – 6 yrs 10 yrs 10 yrs
Art. 43:
a. Suspension from public
office, profession or
calling
b. Perpetual special
disqualification from the
right of suffrage
Art. 44:
a. Suspension of the right
5 yrs
6. Arresto Mayor 1 mo. 1 day – 6 mos. to hold office and right 5 yrs
*lighter than destierro
of suffrage during the
term of the offense
Art. 39 – Subsidiary Liability enters if the convict is insolvent at the rate of one day for each 8 pesos of the fine imposed.
a. Prision Correcional, Arresto and Fine – imprisonment shall not exceed 1/3 of the term of the sentence and in no case to continue for more than
a year (fraction of a day not counted)
b. Fine only – not to exceed 6 mos. (Grave or Less Grave Felonies); not to exceed 15 days (light felonies)
c. Higher than PC – no subsidiary penalty
d. If the penalty imposed is not to be executed by confinement but of a fixed duration – follow rules 1-3 above