A PRESENTATION ON

PRACTICAL TRAINING AT

LUCKNOW
FROM MAY 20 TO JUNE 18 2010

SHAILENDRA KUMAR SINGH

C.R. NO. 07/126
B.TECH FINAL YEAR EC
UCE , RTU, KOTA
 State-owned
Type
enterprise
Industry Aerospace and defence
1940 (in 1964,
Founded company took on
current name)
Bangalore, Karnataka,
Headquarters
India

Chairman Ashok Nayar

Aerospace equipment
Military aircraft
Products Communication &
Navigation equipment
Space systems
US$2.35 billion (FY
Revenue
2007)
Employees 30,000
 THE MISSION
“To become a global player in the aerospace industry”

> Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is the largest PSU under the

Department of Defence Production and is a Navaratana Company.

> HAL is one of the largest aerospace companies in Asia with its
annual turnover to be running above US$ 2 billion.

> It has several facilities throughout India including

Nasik, Korwa, Kanpur, Koraput, Lucknow, Bangalore
and Hyderabad.
DIVISIONS OF HAL
COLLABORATIONS WITH COMPANIES
Airbus
Boeing
Sukhoi Aviation Corporation
Israel Aircraft Industries
RSK MiG
BAE Systems
Rolls-Royce plc
Dassault Aviation
Dornier Flugzeugwerke
Indian Aeronautical Development Agency
Indian Space Research Organisation.
 PRODUCTS OF HAL
Fighter Aircraft Satellite Launch Vehicles
1.Su-30 MKI 1.PSLV
2. Mig Series 2.GSLV
3.Tejas 3.IRS
4.Jaguar 4.INSAT
5.MIRAGE -2000
Helicopters
Passenger Aircraft 1.Dhruv
1.Dornier 2.Cheetah
2.Indian Regional Jet 3.Chetak
4.Advanced Light Helicopters
Light Trainer Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
1.Kiran Engines
2.Basant 1.Lakshya PTA
3.Sitara
Transport Aircraft Glider
1.Saras 1.HAL G-1
2.Ardhra
SUKHOI-30 MKI
 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI
The Sukhoi Su-30MKI has been jointly-developed by Russia's
Sukhoi Corporation and India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF).
 It is a heavy class, long-range air superiority fighter aircraft.
 The Su-30 MKI is more advanced than the basic Su-30MK, the
Chinese Su-30 MKK, and the Malaysian Su-30 MKM.
 The aircraft features state of the art avionics developed by
Russia, India , Israel , France and South Africa which includes
display, navigation, targeting and electronic warfare systems.

MKI stands for "Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski"

meaning "Modernized Commercial India".
 General Features of Sukhoi 30 MKI
 Sukhoi 30 MKI is a 4.5 generation fighter aircraft . Fifth
generation planes are yet to come.
 Cost of single Su-30 MKI is $ 35 million or Rs 1.61 billion
 As per deal between Russia’s Sukhoi Corporation and
India’s HAL , in the first phase, components will be
imported from Russia and only assembling will be done
in India.
 In the second phase , there will be transfer of technology
from Russia to India , and then both manufacturing &
assembling will be done in India.
 Various independent sources have claimed Su-30 MKI
to be the most superior fighter plane in present World.
 Fuel Flow And Metering System
In Sukhoi 30 MKI
 Fuel capacity of Sukhoi 30 MKI: 12 ton or 12000Kg
 There are 5 fuel tanks of which one is service tank or main tank.
 Service tank is centrally located is the most important one.
 Fuel from all other tanks pass through service tank before
consumption.
 So in the end fuel remains only in the service tank.
 All the 5 tanks are so placed that the aircraft is
aerodynamically balanced.

TANK 3
TANK 1 TANK 2 TANK 4 TANK 5
SERVICE
TANK
 STRUCTURE
Fuel quantity & flow metering system can be
subdivided into:
1. Fuel Flow Metering
> It computes the total quantity of fuel available in aircraft.
Uses impeller type of sensors.
2. Fuel Quantity Gauging
> It computes the quantity of fuel in the service tank.
Uses capacitance type electronic sensors.
3. Automatic Control
> It manages the sequence of fuel flow to/from various
tanks during refueling and consumption.
 FUEL FLOW METERING
 Computes the quantity of fuel left in aircraft.

 Based on the principle of impeller movement.

 Impeller is a device which rotates due to the movement of

liquid(fuel) through pipe.
 One complete rotation of impeller is associated with a
unique amount of fuel flow. This gives us the volume of
fuel consumed.
 So weight of fuel consumed:
weight of fuel = volume * density

 Net fuel remaining = initial quantity of fuel – fuel consumed

 FUEL QUANTITY GAUGING
 Computes the quantity of fuel left in service tank.
 It is an electronic system based on the principle of variation of
capacitance with change in dielectric medium.
 It consists of uniform cylindrical shaped capacitor with the
fuel acting as the dielectric.
 As the fuel gets consumed , the fuel is replaced by air as
dielectric and there is a change in capacitance.
 So , the remaining fuel in the service tank can be calculated
on the basis of variation in capacitance.
 Fuel quantity gauge is of utmost importance when
1. Only service tank is left with fuel.
2. Flow metering system fails.
 Continued……..
 The system comprises of
1 . A capacitance based gauging probe.
2. Cable assembly.
3. Sensing amplifier box.
 The gauging probe assembly in the fuel tank is connected
to the sensing box by means of cable assembly.
 Depending on the fuel level in the tank , the capacitance
formed is sensed and amplified by the amplifier box and
the data is sent to the electronic display in the cockpit.
Cable Electronic
assembly Display in
Capacitance cockpit
Based Amplifier display
Gauging box
probe
 AUTOMATIC CONTROL PORTION
 Automatic control manages sequence of fuel flow to/from
various tanks during refueling as well as consumption.

 The fuel from all the five tanks is taken in such a way that
the aerodynamic balance of the plane is not disturbed.

This is done with the help of automatic control system.

Fuel from a certain tank is not taken all at once. After taking
a certain quantity of fuel from one tank, the valve is closed
and then fuel is drawn from another tank.

So, the sequence of fuel flow from various tanks is decided by

automatic control system.
 FUEL QUANTITY &FLOW
METERING SYSTEM

FLOW METERING FUEL QUANTITY AUTOMATIC

PORTION GAUGE PORTION CONTROL PORTION

1. Fuel Flow Transmitter 1. Fuel Quantity Transducers 1. Fuel Quantity Transducers

2. Refueling Fuel Flow 2. Two Channel Temperature 2. Electronic Transducer Unit
Transmitter Probes 3. Relay Semiconductor
3. Two Channel Temperature 3. Fuel Quantity Unit Control Unit
Probes 4. Digital Light Indicator
4. Fuel Flow Unit 5. Fuel Control Panel
5. Fuel Control Panel
 Brief Discussion Of Components

Signaling Transmitters(DSMK)
 These are sensors for sensing the fuel levels in various
tanks.
Magnetic operated level switches of these probes generates
signal at one particular level of fuel.

 Signals generated by these sensors act as an input for

automatic control portion.

 6 types of such sensors are fitted in various tanks.

FUEL FLOW TRANSMITTERS
These are impeller type of sensors which produce electrical
signal proportional to the rate of flow of fuel through it.
 Fuel consumed by aircraft is computed based on the signals
provided by these sensors.

FUEL QUANTITY TRANSMITTERS

 These are sensors for computing fuel quantity in service tank.
 Capacitance of these probes change with variation in fuel level
in tank.
 Resultant capacitance acts as an input for computing fuel in
service tank.
Fuel Flow Unit
 Computes quantity of total fuel available in aircraft based on
signals from sensors which are impeller type fuel flow
transmitters and temperature probes.

 It delivers the information to following instruments:

1. Refueling Control Panel
2. Stand By Equipment (SBI)
3. Complex Information Signaling System
4. Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
5. Integrated System (SOS)
6. Transponder
Fuel Quantity Unit
 Computes quantity of fuel in service tank based on signals
from fuel quantity transmitters and temperature probes.

 It delivers the information to following instruments:

1. Refueling Control Panel
2. Stand By Equipment (SBI)
3. Complex Information Signaling System
4. Digital Light Indicator

 It gives warning signal to pilot for residual fuel of 1500 Kg in

main tank.
Digital Light Indicator
 It is an electronic display device in cockpit.
 It continuously displays fuel quantity of service tank.

Semiconductor Relay Control Unit

 It is a part of automatic control portion.
 It works as an amplifier and a switching device for the
signals required for opening and closing of valves of
various tanks in aircraft.
Thank You

Any Queries??