8 BIT ADDITIONS

WITHOUT CARRY:
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 4A

4151 06

4180 50

4181 00

Sum = 50
Sum = 00
Calculation:
4a = 0100 1010
06 = 0000 0110
0101 0000
Sum = 50 16
Carry= 00 16

WITHCARRY:

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 C9

4151 83

4180 4c

4181 01

Sum = 4c
Sum = 01

Calculation:
C9 = 1100 1001
83 = 1000 0011

+01 0100 1100

Sum = 4c 16
Carry= 0116
8 BIT SUBTRACTIONS
WITHOUT BARROW

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 02

4151 06

4180 04

4181 00

06= 0000 0110

02= 0000 0001

0000 0100

Difference: 04 h
Barrow: 00 h

WITH BARROW:

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 91

4151 55

4180 3C

4181 01

CALCULATION

55= 0101 0101

91= 1010 0001

+1 1100 0100

1,s complement – 0011 1011 difference: 3c h

+1 barrow: 01 h

2,s complement 0011 1100

8 BIT MULTIPLICATIONS
MULTIPLICATION: subsequent addition of multiplicand by multiplier
 ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 04

4151 03

4180 0C

4181 00

Product = 0C 16

Carry = 00 16

CALCULATION

0000 0000
04+ 0000 0100…….. (1)

0000 0100
04+ 0000 0100……. (2)

0000 1000
04+ 0000 0100…….. (3)

0000 1100

PRODUCT = 0C 16
Carry = 00 16
Answer = 000C 16

8 BIT MULTIPLICATIONS
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 1A

4151 04

4180 68

4181 00

Product = 68 16

Carry = 00 16

CALCULATION

0000 0000
1A+ 0001 1010…….. (1)

0001 1010
1A+ 0001 1010……. (2)

0011 0100
1A+ 0001 1010…….. (3)

0100 1110

0100 1110
1A+ 0001 1010…….. (4)

0110 1000

PRODUCT = 68 16
Carry = 00 16
Answer = 0068 16

8 BIT DIVISIONS

DIVISIONS: subsequent subtraction of dividend by divider

 ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 08

4151 2A

4180 02

4181 05

Quotient = 05 16

Remainder = 00 16
CALCULATION

(2A) ÷ (08)

2A = 0010 1010
08 = - 0000 1000

0010 0010 ……. (1)

08 = - 0000 1000

0001 1010 ……. (2)

08 = -0000 1000

0001 0010 …. (3)

08 = -0000 1000

0000 1010 …. (4)

08 = -0000 1000

0000 0010 …. (5)

QUOTIENT = 05 16
REMAINDER = 00 16
This value is now less than (08) 16 hence further subtractions are impossible.
8 BIT DIVISIONS

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 0A
 4151 3A

4180 08

4181 05

Quotient = 05 16

Remainder = 08 16

CALCULATION

(3A) ÷ (0A)

3A = 0011 1010
0A = - 0000 1010

0011 0000 ……. (1)

0A = - 0000 1010

0010 0110 ……. (2)

0A = -0000 1010

0001 1100 …. (3)

0A = -0000 1010

0001 0010 …. (4)

0A = -0000 1010

0000 1000 …. (5)

QUOTIENT = 05 16
REMAINDER = 08 16
This value is now less than (0A) 16 hence further subtractions are impossible.
16 BIT ADDITIONS
WITHOUT CARRY

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 02
 4151 03

4152 04

4153 02

4154 06

4155 05

4156 00

Sum = 0506H
Sum = 00 H

Calculation:

0204 = 0000 0010 0000 0100

0302 = 0000 0011 0000 0010
0000 0101 0000 0110

Sum = 0506H
Sum = 00 H

16 BIT ADDITIONS

WITHCARRY

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

 4150 AC

4151 BF

4152 AE

4153 AA

4154 4F

4155 6A

4156 01

Sum = 6A4FH
Sum = 01 H

Calculation:

AA A3 = 1010 1010 1010 0011

BF AC = +1011 1111 1010 1100
+01 0110 1010 0100 1111

Sum = 6A4F H
Sum = 01 H

16 BIT SUBTRACTION
WITHOUT BARROW
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 02
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4151 4150 02 04

4152 4151 04 04

4153 4152 02 02

4154 4153 02 02
Difference = 02
4155 4154 02 02
02H
4156 4155 00 02 Borrow = 00 H

4156 01 Calculation:

04 04
- 02 02

02 02

Difference = 02 02H
Borrow = 00 H

16 BIT SUBTRACTIONS
WITHOUT BARROW
 Difference = 02 02H
Borrow = 00 H

Calculation:

02 02 = 0000 0010 0000 0010

04 04 = 0000 0100 0000 0100
01 1111 1101 1111 1110

1` s complement - 0000 0010 0000 0001

1
+
0000 0010 0000 0010

Difference = 02 02H
Borrow = 00 H

16 BIT MULTIPLICATIONS
1.
 ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 03

4151 00

4152 02

4153 00

4154 06

4155 00

4156 00

4157 00
Order result =
00 00H
Lower order result = 00 06 H
2.
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 BB

4151 00

4152 AA

4153 00

4154 4E

4155 07

4156 00

4157 00

Order result = 00 00H

Lower order result = 07 4E H
 16 BIT DIVISIONS

1.
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT
4150 06

4151 00

4152 03

4153 00

4154 02

4155 00

4156 00

4157 00 QUATIENT: 00 02
H

REMAINDER: 0000 H

16 BIT DIVISIONS
2.
ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 AA

4151 00

4152 AA

4153 00

4154 11

4155 00

4156 00

4157 00

QUATIENT: 00 01H
REMAINDER: 0000 H

MOVING BLOCK OF DATA IN GIVEN ORDER

 ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 03

4151 AA

4152 BB

4153 CC

4180 AA

4181 BB

4182 CC

MOVING BLOCK OF DATA IN REVERSE ORDER

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 04

4151 AA

4152 BB

4153 CC

4154 DD

4180 DD

4181 CC

4182 BB

4183 AA
 BCD TO HEXADECIMAL

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 15

4180 0F
 HEXADECIMAL TO BCD

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 OA

4151 00

4152 01

4153 00

= (010) 10
 ASSCII TO HEXADECIMAL

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 45

4151 0E

HEXADECIMAL TO ASSCII
 ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 0A

4151 41

SORTING ELEMENTS IN ASCENDINGN ORDER

ADDRESS INPUT OUTPUT

4150 03

4151 06

4152 04 41

4153 03

4151 03

4152 04

4153 06