Formulas, Units, and Constants Physics Reference Sheet California Standards Test

Formulas
Average Speed: ϕ = Αx Collision in One Dimension: [m1ϕ 1 + m2ϕ 2]initial = [m1ϕ 1 + m2ϕ 2]final
Αt
Uniformly Accelerated Motion: ϕ = ϕ o + at Heat Energy: Q = mcΑT

x = xo + ϕ o t + 1 at 2 First Law of Thermodynamics: ΑU = Q + W(on the system)

2

Newton’s Second Law: F = ma ΑU = Q – W(by the system)

Centripetal Force: F = mrϕ

2
Work by a Heat Engine: W = QH – QL
Gm1m2 Q
Law of Universal Gravitation: F = Change in Entropy: ΑS =
r2 T

Force Due to Gravity: F = w = mg Wave Speed: ϕ = ƒ ι

q
Work: W = Fd Current: I = t

1 Ohm’s Law: V = IR
Kinetic Energy: E = 2 mϕ 2

Gravitational Potential Energy: E = mgh Power Dissipated in a DC Circuit: P = IV

Momentum: p = mϕ Power Dissipated in a Resistor: P = I 2R

Units Constants
kg m
Gravitational Constant: G = 6.67 × 10 -11 N m2
2
Force: 1 N = 1 s2 kg
Energy: 1 J = 1 N m Acceleration Due to Gravity: g = 9.8 m2
s
J 8 m
Power: 1 W = 1 s Speed of Light in a Vacuum: c = 3.00 × 10 s

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