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CHAPTER .1
Finance is one of the major elements, which activates the overall growth of
economy. Finance is the lifeblood of economic activity. A well-knit financial system
directly contributes to the growth of economy. An efficient financial system calls for the
effective performance of financial institutions, financial instruments and the financial
markets.
Financial management is the specialized function directly associated with the top
management. The significance of this function in not only seen in the line but also in the
capacity of staff in the overall administration of a company.
Thus as per the meaning of the term Financial Management, it deals with the
planning and control of financial operations to corporate enterprises. In the minds of
executives financial management is a subject, which deals with the tools and techniques
through which the company‟s balance sheet is constructed. It offers ideas to the
executives in building items in liabilities and assets side of a balance sheet. It clearly
guide the financial manager to select both long-term as well as short funds and its
This suggests that it allocates resources of optimally. If a firm does not pursue the goal of
shareholder wealth maximization, it implies that its actions result in a sub optimal allocation
of resources. This intern leads to in adequate capital formation and lower rate of economic
growth.
The second justification may be provided for the goal of shareholder wealth
maximization. Equity shareholders provide the venture capital required to start a business
firm and appoint the management of the firm indirectly through the board of directors.
Thus the important goals of financial management are profit maximization and
wealth maximization.
1. Profit maximization:
Profit is the only means through which an efficiency of organization can be
measured.
As the business units are exploiting the resources of the country namely land, labor, capital
and resources has an obligation to make use of these resources to achieve profits. It is an
obligation of economic to cover the cost of funds and offer surplus funds to expansion and
growth. Accumulated profits reduce the risks of an enterprise.
Profit maximization achieved by an organization regarded as a primary measure of its
success. The survival of the firm depends up on its ability to earn profits.
Following are the points in favor of profit maximization
Profit is a barometer through which the performance of a business unit
Can be measured.
Wealth maximization:
It refers to the gradual increase of the value of assets from the form in terms of
benefits in can produce. A financial action only can be judge in term of the benefits it‟s
produced less cast of action i.e. the process of creating the wealth of an organization.
Wealth maximization is the net present value of the financial decision. Net
present value will be equal to the grace present value of the benefits of that action minus
the amount invested to receive such benefits. In the simple terms we can say as
If the net present value is positive, it means, it creates wealth to the organization.
If it is negative it reduces the existing wealth of the shareholders.
When the company profits are more it is advised that the management to keep
certain amount of profit for future expansion, through which increases the production and
market shares. The benefit gained will be passed on not only to the equity share holders
but also uses such additional profits to maintain good relations with the creditors better
payment of the wages to workers, create more welfare facility to the society, pay prompt
taxes to government and attain self-sufficiency and earn good reputation in the market,
which will be reflected by market value of the shares in the stock exchange.
Wealth of the firm = No of shares owned x price per share in the market.
It considers the impact of risk factor. Adjustment is being made to cover the risk factor
i.e. associated with the investment.
CRITICISM
The concept of increasing the wealth maximization of the stock holders differs
from one entity to another business entity. It also leads to confusion and misinterpretation
of financial policy because different yard stick may be used by different interest in
accompany.
Basically financial requirement arises for two main purposes. Firstly to meet the
requirement of the fixed assets which are necessary to establish a business? Secondly,
finance is also required for the purpose of making investments on current assets.
The total funds requirement for funds can be prepared by collecting the
information from all the heads of departments about their needs. So that it helps in
planning for subsequent steps in the financial management.
Through the budgeting the finance manager can easily know by comparing the
actual with the standards. The returns on the investment must be continuous and
consistent.
Returns of each investment must be analyzed, wherever the deviations are found
necessary steps are to be adopted to overcome such events.
1.2RATIO ANALYSIS:
Ratio analysis is the technique or a tool used in the analysis of financial statements to have the
better understanding of the performance and financial position of a business concern. Besides it
is also helpful in making a meaningful judgment on the basis of analysis.
One of the techniques of analysis of financial statement is to calculate ratios. Ratio is the
numerical or arithmetical relationship between two figures. It is expressed when another divides
one figure. Ratio analysis stands for the process of determining and presenting the relationship of
items in the financial statements. The ratios provide information that can be used by the
management to that action.
Ratio is one of the most powerful tools of financial analysis. It aims at making
use of quantitative information for decision making. A ratio is an expression of relationship
between two variables.
No common standards
CHAPTER-2
Research Design
Primary Data:
Primary Data can be called as collection of the first time and which may not have been collected
from others
Research is organization‟s inquiry designed and carried out to provide information to solve the
problem. In fact is the scientific investigation of a certain problem. “Research is the process of
systematically obtaining accurate answer to significant and pertinent question by the use of
scientific method in gathering and interpreting information”.
Research design refers to the system consisting of enunciating two problems. Collecting the fact
or Data, analyzing the fact and reaching certain conclusion. There are various types of studies in
diagnostic and analytical method.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:
Time constraint is the main limitation associated with this particular study.
Non availability of theoretical information may also prove to be a
limitation associated with the study.
This report is based on the annual reports, which are provided by the
company that cannot be relied upon
CHAPTER-3
COMPANY PROFILE OF KSRTC
INTRODUCTION:
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is one of the largest public sector
undertakings in Karnataka, which provides transport facilities to the citizens. It is the third
largest corporation in India and in terms lowest accidents stands second in India. Karnataka State
Road Transport Corporation is the first transport unit in the country to create a post of director
for environment.
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation is mainly composed of central office, divisions and
depots. Central office acts as the policy maker, divisions are the controller of the depots in the
operating units. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation was established in August,
1961 under the provisions of Road Transport Corporation Act 1950 with the objective of
providing “adequate, efficient, economic and properly coordinated road transport services”. In
this endeavor, the KSRTC has positioned itself with a name for reliability and safety. This
organization was started with 1792 buses. It is more service oriented organization, than
commercial enterprise. It is wholly owned by state government. Till 11th august 1997 KSRTC
was holding a fleet of 10400 buses, operating 9500 schedules. During the 1997-98, the state
government divided KSRTC and has carved three corporations viz BMTC, Bangalore from 15-
08-1997, NWKRTC, Hubli from 01-11-1997, NEKRTC, Gulbarga from 01-10-2000 were carved
out, on a regional basis.
The amended RTC act 1982 provides for the management of the corporation by the Board of
Directors. The Board of the Karnataka State Transport Corporation as on 31st March 2006
consisted of 10 directors and one invitee. Out of 10 directors, nine are official and one is non-
official director. The Chairman is a non-official director. All the official and non-official
directors are appointed by the State Government.
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) was statutorily established on 1-1-
1961 under the provisions of central road transport corporation act of 1951 and was being
managed as a government department, as a wind of the home department of nearly 13 years since
its inauguration. It was entrusted to be new statutory body to operate and manage the
nationalized has services. As in 1982, the corporation was the 2nd biggest in the south and 5th in
India. The corporation had consisted of 20 members (9 officials and 11 non-officials). The
official members were 6 from the state government and 3 from the central government.
History of KSRTC
In 1948 Mysore put forth 120 vehicles for public service in limited amount. In 12th September
1948 MGRTD has been created under the leadership of our first chief minister Sri K.
Chengalarayareddy. Next chief minister Sri KengalHanumanthaiah made a new revolution in the
field of transportation. He abolished the privatization of vehicle in to nationalization. In 21-10-
1952 he was the 1st person who nationalized 6 bus routed and also private BTC in to
nationalization.
C.M.Nijalingappa has started bus routes to Bombay, Belgaum, and Bijapur by introducing 1004
buses in HGRT by this way KSRTC came into existence.
Among the objectives of the corporation that were followed then are:
To provide the public with road transport facilities marked by high reliability, reasonable
comport and moderate cost within the existing technological and economic constraints.
To constantly explore the newest and the latest technological developments in the field of
road transport in order to provide better, safer cheaper mode of road travel to the
traveling public.
To build up and maintain a high technological capacity in the corporation to keep the
ever growing fleet in an excellent condition.
The total capital investment of the corporation increased from Rs.78.07 crores in March 1980
to Rs.93.81 crores as in march 1981. During 1980-81 the state government provided an
amount of Rs. 4.50 crores as capital contribution to the corporation as against Rs.1.50 lakh.
The corporation raised Rs.7 crores as loan from financial institutes like banks and LIC. An
amount of rupees 5.23 crores was financed from internal resources. With repayment of loan
amounting to Rs. 1.44 crores, the net addition to the capital was Rs.15.74 crores. The state
government also provided a short term loan of Rs. 3.35 crores during 1980-81.
The inter-state services, on a reciprocal basis with five neighboring states, continued to be
operated and augmented from time to time. The sixties witnessed as many as eight schemes
The jurisdiction of corporation extends over the entire state of Karnataka. The operations are
being conducted through 5 regional offices, 13 operating divisions. There 66 depots attached
to these divisions. 2 regional workshops, 1 is at Bangalore and Hubli, was setup with
specified jurisdiction for the purpose of reconditioning of vehicle and assemblies, retreating
of tyres, new bus body building, etc. A printing press also attached to cater to the
corporation‟s needs. There are 3 civil engineering divisions at Bangalore, Hubli and
Gulbarga with 9 subdivisions attached to them.
The five regional offices started functioning since April 1980. These offices are headed by
regional managers who are of the rank of major heads of department, responsible to the
general manager. These regional managers have to function predominantly as field officers
exercising proper adequate supervision, over all the operating units coming under.
Vision
Happy Commuters
Clean Environment
Satisfied Employees
Mission
“To provide Economic, Reliable, Environment friendly,
Courteous, Safe, Transport services to commuters.”
Objectives
To modernize, upgrade and improve facilities.
To achieve better quality in its services.
To get the ISO certification.
Computerization of KSRTC:
KSRTC has taken up the computerization of depots, divisional office work shop and central
office. Computerization of all depots expected to be completed within one year from now. The
central officers of KSRTC are having local area network of computers. KSRTC is also
examining the feasibility of using IT extensively. As stated earlier computers are being used for
making advance reservation facility. Because of increased computerization the bus staff ratio of
KSRTC has come down. Considerably and is lowest in the country.
KSRTC has started automatic ticket issuing machines to its conductors. These computerized
machines are helpful in curbing pilferage and keeping proper account of the journey made.
KSRTC is shortly introducing a new system called punctuality come revenue monitoring system
on Bangalore- Mysore corridor.
Nature of business
In August 1997, KSRTC had a fleet of 10,400 buses, operating about 9500 schedules. After this
KSRTC was divided into two corporations KSRTC and BMTC (Bangalore metropolitan
transport corporation.) In November 1997, it was again divided into NWKRTC (North West
Karnataka road Transport Corporation) was formed with its corporate office at Hubli. In August
2000 it divided into NEKRTC (North East Karnataka Road Transport Corporation) was formed
with its corporate office at Gulbarga. Optimal efficiency enables all the four corporations –
KSRTC, BMTC, NWKRTC, and NEKRTC- to have a faster speed-of-response to the
transportation needs of the people of this state. The distinguishing feature of these corporations is
in its functionality: the cadres of officers are common, purchases are combined, and there are
inter-representative Directors on all the Boards.
Depots 66
Divisions 13
Bus stations 124
Vehicles 6837
Effective Kms per day 23.17 lakhs
Schedules 6178
Average traffic revenue per day 456.23 lakhs
Average passengers travelled per day 24.50 lakhs
Staff 33070
Staff ratio per schedule 5.35
COMPETITORS
National travels
Blue lines
Sharma transports
Vijayawada road lines
SRS travels
VRL
Durgamba travels
Chairman
Managing director
Chairman
Mechanical &
engineering RWS Bangalore RWS Hassan
Statistical planning
ORGANISATIONAL CHART:-
Activities:-
Based on the Augmentation for new schedules given by the Traffic Department & No. of aged
buses to scrapped during the year by the Mechanical Engineering (M) Department planning for
induction of new buses to fulfill the requirement is done.
Planning for Procurement of new Domestic vehicles as a replacement of aged domestic vehicles
as and when required. Based on the planning the estimated budget will be submitted to the
government.
The new chassis/vehicles are procured with the approval of the Corporation Board.
The Corporation board has empowered the Managing Director for procurement of
domestic vehicles for replacement & newly created post.
Domestic vehicles are procured under DGS&D rate contract which is exempted from
tendering.
Tendering of chassis required for three corporations. Verification of all the tender
documents furnished by the tenderers for evaluation.
Verification of sample passenger seats supplied against the tender for evaluation.
Scrutiny of the documents submitted furnished for evaluation by the tender scrutiny
committee.
Drafting the pre-qualification criteria to place before the CMG for approval for each
of the subject viz chassis, bus body, fully built buses, labour contract, etc.
Drafting the CPC note to be placed for approval viz chassis, bus body, fully built
buses, labour contract, etc.
5. Drafting of specification and drawings for bus bodies, chassis, and bus body materials
etc.:-
The inspections of buses constructed at the various outsourced agencies are in three
stages.
The senior technical officers/officials inspect the buses at the work place.
Major bus body components are approved by the CME (P) before fitment on the
buses.
9. As and when there are requests from other Gov. Depts., buses are constructed at
Regional Workshops Bangalore.
The aged buses are scrapped as per the stipulated norms after following the procedures
laid down for scrapping.
The vehicles scrapped are evacuated to the Regional Workshops, Bangalore and
Hassan.
The W-23 forms for scrapping are scrutinized for approval of scrapping.
The W-23 forms are forwarded to accounts for clearance.
The file is placed for approval before the committee constituted for scrapping.
The certificate is issued for scrapping of buses.
11. Designing new type of buses/R&D activities: - Design of new bus bodies of different
types.
SERVICE/PRODUCT PROFILE
1. SHEETAL
To facilitate common traveler with Air Conditioned facility KSRTC introduced Air
Conditioned Karnataka SaarigeMofussil Bus branded as “Sheetal”. This vehicle is operating
between Bangalore – Mysore sector on trial and is widely appreciated by the traveling public.
In view of the good response by the travelers KSRTC has planned to induct 30 more such
buses during the year 2007-08.
222” Wheel Base, BS III Leyland Semi Low-floor chassis having 165 HP Engine.
With rear Air Suspension and front Rubber ended suspension for greater travel comfort.
Emergency door of full length with sufficient accessing passage for easy exit.
Ergonomically designed foam padded plastic molded passenger seats of pleasant color.
Seating capacity 41.
Light green tinted wider window glasses and louver glasses for aesthetics and greater
visibility and ventilation for the passengers.
Volvo type front windshield glass and wider delight bay glass in front of driver door for
aesthetics and greater visibility for the driver.
2 numbers wider service doors with pneumatically operated out-swing doors to facilitate
easy access for even physically challenged persons.
Elegant Body design with attractive painting color scheme and graphics.
3. Corona AMBAARI
Brand Name:
The Bus is named as "AMBAARI" – means comfortable & luxurious journey on the top of
an Elephant.
The entire structure is made up of rectangular steel tubes. The structure has
comparatively high impact strength.
Engine:
The bus is fitted with 160 Horse power Cummins engine at the rear end so as to reduce noise
pollution inside the bus saloon. The rear engine ensures reduced transmission loss. Larger
flaps are fitted at rear end and at sides for better accessibility and maintenance of the engine.
Air suspension:
Fully independent front Air suspension are provided which carries double link wish bone at
both left and right independently supported to the structure by silent bearings. The rear end is
provided with an independent single wish bone structure which is pivoted to the body
structural spines with rubber mountings for comfortable travel. The Air suspension provides
bump free travel to the passengers.
Passenger saloon:
The passenger saloon is provided with ultra-modern interiors, „Happich‟ imported hat racks
to carry light luggage, comfortable reclining hi-tech passenger seats, imported floor
carpeting, high mounted TV to have better viewing pleasure for passengers.
Air conditioner:
This bus is provided with good branded “carrier” make air-conditioner with excellent cooling
effect to make the journey comfortable & cool.
Luggage space:
The bus is provided with excellent under slung luggage space (approximately 11 cubic mtrs)
to carry more luggages of passengers and also better road holding with lowered center of
gravity. Loading and unloading of luggage is very easy as the luggage space is much nearer
to the ground.
Brakes:
The Braking system provides safe and reliable braking with dual circuit full air brakes.
Condenser cum water separator is provided in addition to the air dryer to enhance life and
performance of brake system. Automatic slack adjuster are provided to enhance the braking
efficiency.
Seats Configuration:
Fitted with 44 passenger seats with 2x2 seating configuration. The seats are comfortable with
reclining mechanism.
Exteriors:
The bus is provided with all aluminum doors and stretched galvanized panels. The panels are
painted with polyurethane based premier high solid 2k paints with colorful graphics.
Cost:
The end rate per bus is at Rs. 36, 81,563.00.
The entire structure is made up of rectangular steel tubes. The structure has
comparatively high impact strength.
Engine:
The bus is fitted with 160 Horse power Turbo charged & Inter cooler Cummins engine at the
rear end so as to reduce noise pollution inside the bus saloon. The rear engine ensures
reduced transmission loss.
Air suspension:
Fully independent front Air suspension with double link wish bone are provided at both left
and right side independently and supported to the body structure. The rear end is provided
with Air suspension with an independent single wish bone structure pivoted to the body
structural spines with rubber mountings for comfortable travel. The Air suspension provides
bump free travel to the passengers.
Passenger saloon:
The passenger saloon is provided with ultra-modern interiors, reading lamps, comfortable
sleeping berths & imported floor carpeting.
Air conditioner:
Branded “carrier” makes AC 353 model air-conditioner with excellent cooling effect is
provided to make the journey comfortable.
Luggage space:
The bus is provided with excellent under slung luggage space (approximately 8 cubic mtrs)
to carry more luggages of passengers and also better road holding with lowered center of
gravity. Loading and unloading of luggage is very easy as the luggage space is much nearer
to the ground.
Brakes:
The Braking system provides safe and reliable braking with dual circuit full air brakes.
Condenser cum water separator is provided in addition to the air dryer to enhance life and
performance of brake system. Automatic slack adjuster is provided to enhance the braking
efficiency. The bus is fitted with Hydraulic retarder of Voith make &Anti-lock braking
system.
Berth Configuration:
Fitted with 32 passenger berths with 2x1 configuration. The berths are comfortable and
upholstered with PU cushions.
Exteriors:
The bus is provided with all aluminum doors and stretched galvanized panels. The panels are
painted with polyurethane based premier high solid 2k pearl white paints with colorful
graphics.
Vision:
Clear window glasses are fitted.
5. AIRAVAT
Volvo D7E engine offers 290 hp powers and complies with Euro III norms.
Fitted with fully automatic transmission with torque convertor on the first stage with
built-in retarder.
Full air suspension offers high level of comfort to passengers & electronically controlled
suspension provides precise regulation of the ride height and kneeling.
Fitted with electronic brake system with built in retarder.
Comfortable driver environment designed with good road visibility, adjustable steering
and driver seat.
Electronically controlled dashboard provides diagnostic information to the driver and the
support Centre.
All wheels are equipped with disc brakes with EBS5.
Provides 40 ergonomically designed plastic molded padded seats.
Music system is provided for the entertainment and live information on FM radio
networks.
The LED destination boards display clearly the routes and destination for passengers
view.
Elegant body with pleasing colors painted with premium 2 K polyurethane paints and
with graphics.
Air conditioned which soothes the passengers in the city ride
7. Mercedes-Benz bus
The 12 mt length bus is built on 0 500 R 1830 chassis developed exclusively for
passenger transport.
Full Air Suspension ensures superior comfort and safety to meet the needs of the
passengers.
The vehicle is fitted with "Carrier" make Air conditioning system which enhances the
comfort level of the travelling public.
45 ergonomically designed executive passenger seats, luxurious and comfortable
reclining seats are provided.
The bus is with pleasing interiors and night lamps.
Twin LCD TV screen are provided for passenger entertainment
Four emergency exits provided on either side of the bus for more safety to passengers.
The window glasses are toughened and provide clear vision to the passengers.
Front panel is designed to increase the driver vision area and aesthetic look of the bus.
10 Cu mtr luggage spaces are provided under passenger seating area.
Electronic fuel Injection management OM 926LA engine presents 305 HP (output) and
122 mkgf (torque) for better fuel utilization.
The engine complies with Euro-III emission standards.
The 13.8 mtr length fully built bus developed exclusively for passenger transport. The
said buses are provided with multi axle which enhances the comfort level for long
distance travel.
Full air suspension, fitted with two air bellows in the front and six air bellows in the rear
to offer a high degree of ride comfort.
This bus is provided with good branded “carrier” make air-conditioner with excellent
cooling effect to make the journey comfortable & cool.
This bus is provided with 53 nos. ergonomically designed executive, comfortable,
reclining luxurious passenger seats.
Mobile and Lap Top chargers are provided for passengers use.
The passenger saloon is provided with ultra-modern interiors, reclining hi-tech passenger
seats, imported floor carpeting, and high mounted 2 LCD TVs of 26” & 17” to have
better viewing pleasure for passengers.
Emergency door is provided on right hand side of the bus for more safety to passengers.
The window glasses are toughened and provide clear vision to the passengers.
Front panel is designed to increase the driver‟s vision area and aesthetic look of the bus.
10 Cu mtr luggage spaces are provided under passenger seating area.
The bus is fitted with 340 Horse power, powerful, fuels – efficient and electronically
controlled Volvo D9B engine with a turbocharger and intercooler, Euro III compliant.
The cost of the bus is to be negotiated.
9. RAJAHAMSA
MILESTONES:-
KSRTC has reached the following milestones in the area of Information Technology.
It is the first PSU in Karnataka to have a well-structured cabling Local Area Networking
at its Corporate Office connecting more than 180 computers in the year 1997.
It is the first STU in India to have its Web Site during the year 1997.
It was the first PSU to have Smart Card based Attendance Monitoring System in the year
1997, which was subsequently done by Government of Karnataka at VidhanaSoudha and
M.S. Building.
KSRTC is the first PSU in Karnataka to have totally computerized Recruitment System
from 1997.
It is the first STU in India to have an in house developed RDBMS based Passenger Seat
Reservation System in the year 1998.
KSRTC is the first STU to have E-tendering implemented in India.
KSRTC is the first STU in India to have implemented Oracle Financials.
KSRTC is the first STU in India to deploy Electronic Ticketing Machines on all of its
routes.
KSRTC is the first STU in India to have totally computerized Driving tracks for testing
the candidates.
KSRTC is the first and leading State Transport Undertaking in the country to adopt
Information Technology in its administrative and operational processes.
1. Pick up / drop services: The Corporation is operating long distance services from / to various
extension areas of Bangalore, Mysore and Mangalore as detailed below. Passengers traveling
in late night buses or arriving early morning at the destination can relax. KSRTC has special
pick-up and drop facilities from reservation counters across the city to / from Kempegowda bus
station, for long distance services. You can now board / alight at the nearest point of your
convenience.
Bangalore:
Pick up:Jayanagar 9th Block East, J.P.Nagar 6th Phase, Padmanabhanagar, Koramangala,
Katriguppe, Jayanagar 5th Block, Jalahalli Cross (NH-4), KMF(Hosur Road), Bidadi Bus stand,
Vijayanagar and Indiranagar.
Mysore:
Mangalore:
2. Reservation of seats for lady passengers: Two seats (seat No.11 & 12) are reserved in Semi
Deluxe and higher classes of services for lady passengers travelling single. In Mofussil buses,
nine seats and fourteen seats in City/Suburban services are reserved for lady passengers.
3. Reservation of seats for physically handicapped persons: Two seats are reserved near
passenger door in Mofussil and City/ Suburban services.
4. Free Travel in City limits: Advance reservation ticket holders are permitted to travel free of
cost to Central bus stands in Bangalore / Mysore / Mangalore, two hours before departure time of
service with seat reservation in;
o City and Suburban services operated in Bangalore / Mysore and other cities.
o Mofussil buses going towards KBS in Bangalore City and Suburban limits.
5. Special services: Extra services to pilgrimage / tourist places are operated during festivals,
summer vacation, other fairs/festivals, weekends and holidays depending on passenger demand.
Passenger Enquiry Counters set up at all the district and taluk headquarters bus stand for
providing information to the public.
6. Electronic Ticketing Machines: ETMs have been deployed in all 61 Depots for passenger
convenience. The tickets are printed both in Kannada and English. They show boarding and
alighting places, fare, etc, they facilitate speedy transactions. They save considerable paper work
and time for conductors.
This first of its kind preparedness initiative in the country for mass casualties is another feather
in the cap for the State of Karnataka and will be model to be replicated nationwide.
KSRTC has been proactive in its support to this initiative, designed and developed by
Comprehensive Trauma Consortium, exclusively for KSRTC
This mass casualty wagon is designed to accommodate 10 critically injured victims on the spinal
board in the lying down position and another 16 victims with minor injures in the seated
position.
Pneumatic Splints.
Spinal Boards.
Extrication equipments.
KSRTC Passengers Accident Relief Fund Trust was formed w.e.f. 01-06-2002 as a
proactive measure to provide immediate Financial Relief to the legal heirs of the
deceased Passengers who die in road accidents while traveling in KSRTC buses.
The ARF Relief amount has been enhanced to Rs.2.50 lakhs w.e.f. 01-09-2008. This
KSRTC has introduced many labour welfare measures for the benefit of the employees. Out of
1. De-addiction Centre:
A de-addiction programme, WAPPA (Work Place Alcohol Prevention Programme and Activity)
was implemented in KSRTC since 1997 as a worker reach out program. The policy objectives
are: s
commitment to the health and welfare of its employees, operational safety and the
environment.
specially in the interest of the commuter safety and assist all employees to
2. Preventive Medicine & Healthy life Style Clinic at Bangalore and Mysore:
Established to provide a Comprehensive annual health checkup program for all the employees.
3. Insurance Scheme:
An internal insurance scheme called KSRTC Employees Family Welfare Scheme with
contribution from both employee and the employer is introduced which provides a compensation
of Rs.3 lakhs to the dependent of the employee who die while in service.
4. Merit Awards:
Merit awards for children of employees/officers who secure higher marks in SSLC, PUC &
Degree examinations.
5. Educational Loan:
A scheme of extending educational loan upto a maximum of Rs.1 lakh for coverage of tuition fee
6. Medical Reimbursement:
Reimbursement is given on par with State Government. Advance for major illness and personal
7. Recognition of Hospitals:
To provide adequate medical facilities to the employees and their dependents more than 100
reputed private hospitals and 7 Diagnostic centers have been recognized by the Corporation.
8. Educational Assistance:
different courses.
9. Award schemes:
Awarding Gold and Silver medals to the Accident free Drivers of the corporation.
o Gold Medal: Awarded to the drivers who render accident free service for a period
o Silver Medal: Awarded to the drivers with five years accident free record in
mofussil divisions and three years accident free record in city services.
Divisional and inter divisional sports and cultural activities for the employees are held annually.
revenue.
12.Counseling:
To motivate the labour force for maximum productivity a counseling scheme is implemented in
KSRTC. It helps in reducing absenteeism their by increasing the productivity, reduction in the
accident rate and improvement in the behaviour of the employees with the passengers.
employee who opts for Voluntary Retirement gets an additional financial benefit ranging from
Rs.75,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-
KSRTC has won the Prestigious “Golden Peacock Award Innovative Product/Service - 2010 ”
instituted by Institute of Directors, New Delhi for successful implementation of web based
Passenger Reservation System- AWATAR.The Award was presented by Sri.
RamachandraGowda, Medical Education Minister, Govt.of Karnataka on 16-01-10 at 19.00 hrs,
at Hotel Lalith Ashok, Bangalore. Sri.Bhagavathi, former Chief Justice of India was present
during the occasion. The award was received by Sri. Gaurav Gupta, Managing Director, KSRTC,
Sri.M.A.Saleem, Director (S&V) and Sri.Hemaraju, Director (Technical).
3. KSRTC has got award for excellence in URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTSUNDER JN-
NURM INITIATIVES FOR THE YEAR 2009
The Hon‟ble Minister for Transport Sri. R. Ashoka, Mr. Gaurav Gupta, IAS, Managing Director,
KSRTC and Mr. M.A. Saleem, IPS, Director Security and Vigilance, KSRTC received the award
for excellence from the hon‟ble Union Urban Development Minister Sri. Jaipal Reddy in New
Delhi on December 5th. The award was presented for excellence in URBAN TRANSPORT
PROJECTS UNDER JN-NURM INITIATIVES FOR THE YEAR 2009, and the Karnataka
is the first state which implemented AUTOMATED ELECTRONIC DRIVING TEST
SYSTEM FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF DRIVERS in the State Road Transport
Corporation.
4. Union Transport Minister‟s Trophy for the lowest Accident Record in 1998-2001
11. Received Prestigious Runner-up Award from PCRA for the best improvement in HSD
KMPL during 2001-02.
12. KSRTC adjudged Winner for the best improvement in HSD KMPL during 2002-03.
13. KSRTC also adjudged Winner for the best improvement in HSD KMPL during & 2003-04.
14. OSHMS 18001, ISO 14001 & 9001 certification for conformance towards occupational
health & safety management system standard
15. Safety innovation of 2006 for safety & quality by Institute of Eng. New Delhi.
16. EMPI-Indian express Indian innovation award -2006 for successful delivery of multiple end-
results
KSRTC has bagged Excellency Award for implementing Electronic Ticket issuing machine first
of its kind in the country at Mysore City. The award has been awarded by Sri. Ajay Maken,
Minister of State for Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India to Sri.
GauravGuptha I.A.S., Managing Director, KSRTC, Bangalore at New Delhi on 05-12-2008.
CHAPTER 4:
RATIOS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION
TABLE-1
CURRENT RATIO
Analysis:From the above table, it is analyzed that the current ratio in 2006-07 was 0.495, in
2007-08 decreased to 0.471, in 2008-09 increased to 0.701, and in 2009-10decreased to 0.599,
The company is relatively having low current ratio which is not equal to 2:1 or more than
2:1.hence from this we can say that the company is not in a satisfactory position to meet its
current ratio obligations.
CURRENT RATIO
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
CURRENT RATIO 0.473 0.495 0.701 0.599
Interpretation:The current ratio is the indicator of the firm commitment to meet its short
liabilities and also an index of the financial stability of the concern. It indicates the liability of
current asset is rupee for every 1 rupee of current liability. From the table clearly indicates the
current ratio is in raising trend from 2006-2009 but in 2010 it has decreased.
TABLE-2
Quick Ratio:
The ratio is also termed as acid test ratio or liquidity ratio is ascertained by comparing the
liquid assets.
Current Liabilities
(Rs. In 000‟s)
Analysis:From the above table it is clear that quick ratio in the year 2006-07 is 0.398, in 2007-
08 is decreased to 0.378, but again it is increased in 2008-09 to 0.593, and again it is decreased
in the year 2009-10 to 0.367..It indicates that a low ratio represents the company‟s liquidity
position is not good. Here the company‟s quick ratios are increasing and decreasing every year
the company‟s liquidity position is very bad.
Quick ratio
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
ouick ratio 0.398 0.378 0.593 0.367
Interpretation:A low quick ratio would indicate that the firm might not be able to maintain its
liquidity position. A very figure is not desirable either. This is because the firm might have high
receivables. The quick ratios refer to those current liabilities which are required to pay off
immediately or short notice conventionally a quick ratio 1:1 is considered satisfactory. The
company has to be conscious with regard to quick ratio. It has to increase its current assets to
have a better position.
TABLE-3
SOLVENCY RATIO:
Solvency ratio is the relationship between the total assets and the total liabilities of a concern.
Total Liabilities
ANALYSIS: The table shows that the solvency ratio has increased over the years; it was 4.89 in
the year 2006-07, increased to 5.02, in 2007-08& increased to 5.60 in 2008-09 and again
increased in the year 2009-10 to 6.48. Here we can say that if the total assets are more than the
liabilities then the company is in a solvency position. From the above table we can say that the
total assets are more than the liabilities and hence the company‟s solvency position is very good.
Solvency Ratio
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
Solvency Ratio 4.89 5.02 5.6 6.48
Interpretation:Though no standard or ideal solvency ratio has been established, one can
say that higher the solvency ratio of a concern, the stronger is its financial position; whereas
solvency position is been increasing year to year it can be said that the financial position of a
company is stronger.
TABLE-4
PROPRIETARY RATIO:
Proprietary ratio is the ratio which expresses relationship between net worth or equity and
total assets
Net worth ratio or equity means the excess of total assets over total liabilities. In other
words, it means owners or proprietor‟s fund.
Total Assets
Analysis:The table depicts that the proprietary ratio in the year 2006-07 is 0.21, which
decreased to 0.20 in the year 2007-08, again it decreased to 0.19 in 2008-09 and declined to
0.17 in 2009-10,. This analysis will show the relationship of the owner‟s funds. Every year the
ratios are decreasing.
Proprietary Ratio
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
Proprietary Ratio 0.21 0.2 0.19 0.17
Interpretation: As per the analysis shown in the graphical representation, one can say thatthe
financial position of the company is weak.
TABLE-5
(Rs in 000’s)
Analysis:From the table it is clear that the fixed asset to Proprietary fund ratio is increasing from
year to year only in one year it has decreased that is in the year 2006-07. In the year 2006-07 it is
4.23, in the year 2007-08 increased to 4.51, in the year 2008-09 increased to 4.57 & 5.09 in the
year 2009-10. From the table we can say that the company is having a surplus equity then the
fixed assets and hence the company is in a good position to meet the working capital of the
company
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
F.A.P.R 4.23 4.51 4.57 4.5
Interpretation:This ratio expresses the relationship between the fixed assets and net worth.
This ratio indicates the proportion of the fixed assets financed by the owner. The ideal ratio
for an industrial undertaking is 0.67:1 or 67% that is the fixed assets should not constitute
more than 67% of the owner‟s funds.
TABLE-6
Average Inventory
(Rs. In 000‟s)
Inventory
SL. Net Sales Average
Year Turnover
No Inventory
Ratio
Analysis: In the year 2007-08 the stock velocity has decreased to 54.94 times as compared to
previous year 2006-07 where it was 55.67 times, during 2009-10 it was 53.37 times which has
been increased compared to previous year 2008-09 which was 51.43.
55.67
56 54.94
55
53.37
54
53
51.43
52
51
50
49
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
I.T.R
Interpretation: A higher ratio indicates that the firm stop policy is more effective in the year
2006-07 has compared to previous year it means that the average stock is 53.37 times sold are
consume during the year 2006.
TABLE-7
Total Assets
(Rs. In 000‟s)
Assets
SL.
Year Net sales Total asset turnover
No
Ratio
ANALYSIS:From the above table it is clear that the Total asset turnover ratio in the year 2006-
07 is 1.07, & decreased to 0.99 in the year 2007-08, 0.94 in the year 2008-09 and further
decreased to 0.92.This ratio will show what are the sales made out of the total assets of the
company. In four years there is an increase and decrease in the ratios.
T.A.T.R
1.1
1.05
1
Axis Title
0.95
T.A.T.R
0.9
0.85
0.8
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
Axis Title
Interpretation:
The ratio indicates efficiency or inefficiency in the use of total resources or assets of a concern.
In other words it is the measure of the overall performance of the organization. In this context, it
may be noted that a very high ratio indicates over trading. The net assets are the total of current
asset and fixed asset. The above table reveals there is a decline in the total asset which is a sign
of not improvement in the organization
TABLE-8
Fixed Assets
(Rs in 000‟s)
S.
Year Net sales Fixed asset F.A.T.R
No
Analysis:From the above table it is clear that the fixed asset turnover ratio in the year 2006-07 is
1.91, & decreased to 1.09 in the year 2007-08, 1.07 in the year 2008-09 and further decreased to
1.02.This ratio will show what the sales are made out of the total assets of the company. In four
years there is an increase and decrease in the ratios.
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
TABLE-9
Average debtors
Analysis:From the above table it is clear that the debt turnover ratio is 28.20 in the year 2006-
07,in 2007-08 it has increased to 37.73 and it has slightly decreased to 27.45 in the year 2008-09.
This ratio will say about the net sales made during the year by giving credit to the debtors and
after a short period which can be easily converted in to cash.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
D.T.R 28.2 37.73 27.45 32.92
Interpretation:The debtor‟s turnover ratio as called matches net credit sales of a firm to record
trade debtors there by indicating the rate at which cash is generated by turnover or receivable or
debtors. This ratio indicates the rate at which amounts are collected from debtors; this also
indicates the liquidity of the company as the rate at which debtors are collected influences the
liquidity of the company.
TABLE-10
Current asset to Net worth Ratio
Net worth
(Rs in 000‟s)
Analysis: From the above table it is clear that the current asset to net worth ratio is increasing. In
the year 2006-07 it was 0.47 & decreased to 0.46 in year 2007-08. In the year 2008-09 it was
0.65 & increased to 0.65 & decreased to 0.51 in the year 2009-2010. This ratio indicates how
much the shareholders haves invested in the current assets, from this ratio we can analyze the
investing of the shareholders funds to the current assets.
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
C.A - N W Ratio 0.47 0.46 0.65 0.51
Interpretation:Current assets to net worth ratio are the ratio between current assets and net
worth. This ratio indicates the proportion of current assets financed by the owner. There is no
ideal ratio for this, though there is no ideal ratio for this one can say that if this ratio is high, then
the financial strength of the company is good. But in the above table the ratios are decreasing so
the financial condition of the company is not good.
TABLE-11
Current asset Turnover Ratio
Current assets
(Rs in 000‟s)
Analysis:From the above tables it is clears that the current ratio in the year 2006-07 is
10.62, than decreased to 10.57 in the year 2007-08, than & further decreased to 7.53& again
increased to 10.03 in the year 2009-10. Here we can see the turnover of the currents assets made
by the company through its sales in the four years.
12
10
0
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
C A T .O .R 10.62 10.57 7.53 10.03
Interpretation: Current asset turnover ratio is the ratio between current assets and turnover or
net sales. This ratio explains the contribution of current assets to generate sales. With this ratio it
is implied to know the contribution of current assets to the total sales. Here sales constitute even
cash and credit sales.
TABLE-12
Current Liabilities to Net worth Ratio
Net worth
Analysis:From the table it is shown that in the year 2006-07,the current liability to net
worth is 0.88,which increased to 0.99 in 2007-08, then further decreased to 0.93 in the
year 2008-09 and again decreased to 0.86 and. This ratio shows the shareholders funds
towards the current liabilities, this will say about the claims of the current liabilities.
1
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.8
0.78
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
CL to NW ratio 0.88 0.99 0.93 0.86
Interpretation: It is the relationship between current liabilities and net worth, this ratio indicates
the relative contribution of the short term creditors and the owners in the capital of the company.
The desirable level set for this ratio is 33 1/3% or 1/3, so if the actual ratio is very high it would
mean that the liability base of the company will not provide an adequate cover for long term
creditors that means it would be difficult for the company to obtain the long term funds.
TABLE-13
Stock to Fixed Assets ratio
Fixed assets
Analysis:From the above table it is clear that the stock to fixed assets ratio is 0.02 in the year
2006-07 and in 2007-08 it has been decreased to 0.01 and again it has increased to 0.02 in the
year 2008-09 and then decreased to 0.01 in the year 2009-10.
0.02
0.015
0.005
0
2006-007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
Interpretation:The above analysis shows the relationship between stocks to fixed assets. The
stock to fixed assets ratio is increased from the year 2008-09 but in the coming year 2009-10 it
was decreased.
TABLE - 14
DEBT/EQUITY RATIO:
Equity
Analysis:From the table it is analyzed that the debt equity ratio in the year 2006-07 is 0.99, in
2007-08, it as gone up to 1.04, but it has decreased to 0.95 in the year 2008-09 and in 2009-10 it
has decreased to 0.72. This ratio will say to whom the debt is given and it will say whether it is a
short term debt or a long term debt. Hence from this we can realize how much the company has a
debt.
1.05%
1.00%
0.95%
0.90%
0.85%
0.80%
0.75%
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
DEBT EQUIT RATIO 0.99% 1.04% 0.95% 0.87%
Interpretation:This ratio expresses the relationship between debt and the equity debt. Generally
refers to long term liabilities and short term liabilities. The idle debt equity ratio is 2:1as such if
the debt is less than 2 times the equity the logical conclusion is that the financial structure of the
company is sound and the risk of the long term creditors is relatively less.However long term
solvency may be ensured.
CHAPTER-5
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
FINDINGS:
1. There is increase in nominal profit and decrease in loss which shows the satisfactory
performance.
2. The current ratio and quick ratio is not satisfactory. It has to improve in order to meet the
requirements.
3. The liquidity position of the firm is not good.
4. The fixed asset ratio indicates that the firm has made more investment in the fixed asset
from the year 2006.
5. The inventory turnover ratio indicates the adequacy in inventory and high stocking..
6. Company has maintained low current asset and reserves and surplus.
7. There is a new launch of vehicles every year depend upon the preferences and demand of
the passengers.
8. Corporation has got the Jn-NURM Scheme for the development and upgradation of its
services.
SUGGESTIONS:
1. The company maintain high inventory. It should reduce this by not investing heavily in
those which are not so useful to its operating because it is a loss to organization which
blocks its funds.
2. As liquidity position is not good, it has to make use of reserves and surplus money of its
working capital requirements.
3. The organization should make use of excessive investment. The fixed asset for the
purpose of arrangement of bus facility to far and interior areas where facilities are not
proper.
4. Expansion of computerization through wide area network for the financial management
in the organization.
5. The company should continue with its policy of not borrowing capital from the banks, as
it will borrow its liabilities.
6. The corporation should offer services on the basis of contract which attract new
customers for its development.
7. Because of some internal adjustments the corporation is suffering from losses though
there is a operating profit every year, proper care must be taken to correct and to improve
the profitability of corporation
CHAPTER-6
CONCLUTIONS:
KSRTC is the oldest and well established public limited company which has made a sufficient
name and fame in the minds of public for it services offered. KSRTC has a very good reputation
for its brand name and also for quality service.
Based on the evaluation method the project may be concluded that the ratio analysis has helped
in analyzing its performance by using various statistical tools. As we went about doing these
ratios it has helped to understand the rationale performance of the organization and immense
help in judging strengths and weakness. Even though KSRTC is earning profit it is too high as
compared to BMTC, where there is proper arrangement of buses and other facilities. So KSRTC
can make the same in all the places of Karnataka. By and large the human link is the most vital
link to execute and sustain the improvements.
From the above ratio analysis it is clear that the organization has not being maintained good
liquidity position as its current liabilities are more than the current asset and it is a sign of
negative working capital. The corporation should first concentrate in improving its assets which
is very important for the organization. Even though it is public sector and the most probably all
transaction will be held in cash, it is advisable for the corporation to maintain the good working
capital position in order to induce growth and profitability.
Chapter-7
ANNEXURE
2.CAPITAL 2.INVESTMENTS
CONTRIBUTION 0 1.Insurance & Accident Reserve 500
1.Karnataka Govt Capital 10000 Fund
2.Union Govt Capital 2.Investment Against Funds 0
3.Other Investments 0
3.INTERNAL RESOURCES 3.CURRENT ASSETS
Capitalization from 4780801 1.Inventories
depreciation reserves I. Stores & Spares 210389
expenditure II. Work in Progress 487
Rws Bangalore 454
Rws Hassan 0
Units 33
2.Sundry Debtors
a. Debtors Considered Good 410284
b. Doubt Full Debts 5956
3.Advances
I. Advances to Employees 168614
II. Advances to Suppliers 34817
III. Advances to other Parties 3516
4.Interest Earned on Investment 150
But Not Received
5.Stock Adjustment Account 11178
6.Asset Adjustment Account 0
7.Deposits by the Corporation 90720
8.Prepaid Expenses 5704
9.Cash
I. Cash on Hand 71175
II. Cash at Banks 47757
III. Cash in Transit 43896
IV. Contingency Fund 300
2.CAPITAL 2.INVESTMENTS
CONTRIBUTION 0 1.Insurance & Accident Reserve 500
1.Karnataka Govt Capital 10000 Fund
2.Union Govt Capital 2.Investment Against Funds 0
3.Other Investments 80000
3.INTERNAL RESOURCES 3.CURRENT ASSETS
Capitalization from 5631590 1.Inventories
depreciation reserves I. Stores & Spares 240135
expenditure II. Work in Progress 487
Rws Bangalore 0
Rws Hassan 0
Units 150
2.Sundry Debtors
a. Debtors Considered Good 340717
b. Doubt Full Debts 9151
3.Advances
I. Advances to Employees 161606
II. Advances to Suppliers 129227
III. Advances to other Parties 2633
4.Interest Earned on Investment But
Not Received 140
5.Stock Adjustment Account 15308
6.Asset Adjustment Account 0
7.Deposits by the Corporation 114942
8.Prepaid Expenses 6649
9.Cash
I. Cash on Hand 52933
II. Cash at Banks 101244
III. Cash in Transit 73374
IV. Contingency Fund 300
2.CAPITAL 2.INVESTMENTS
CONTRIBUTION 0 1.Insurance & Accident Reserve 500
1.Karnataka Govt Capital 10000 Fund 0
2.Union Govt Capital 2.Investment Against Funds 0
3.JnNURM 0 3.Other Investments
1. Share of GOI 0
2. Share of GOK
3.INTERNAL RESOURCES 3.CURRENT ASSETS
Capitalization from 6971790 1.Inventories
depreciation reserves a. Stores & Spares 283577
expenditure b. Work in Progress 265
Rws Bangalore 0
Rws Hassan 0
Units 265
2.Sundry Debtors
a. Debtors Considered Good 455621
b. Doubt Full Debts 4590
3.Advances
I. Advances to Employees 147547
II. Advances to Suppliers 91146
III. Advances to other Parties 2331
4.Interest Earned on Investment 107
But Not Received
5.Stock Adjustment Account 27259
6.Asset Adjustment Account 0
7.Deposits by the Corporation 169942
8.Prepaid Expenses 26858
9.Cash
I. Cash on Hand 60584
II. Cash at Banks 117848
III. Cash in Transit 122437
IV. Contingency Fund 300
6) Maintenance of 53558
departmental veh.
7) Printing & stationery 35985
8) Rent, Rates & Taxes 27076
9) General office expenses 132215 Operating loss c/d 133708
10) Repairs and Maintenance 55681
expenses NON OPERATING
Total Administrative Expenses 705558 REVENUE
G. Depreciation on vehicle 1169580
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 11873576 Miscellaneous income 450584
TO OPERATING PROFIT CARRIED
FORWARD 0
TO NON OPERATING EXPENSES Income from subsidies 521027
1)Depreciation on other assets 78551 74749
Less: Amt absorbed in RWS 3802 Total non-operating revenue 971881
2)Financial cost 186764
3)Provisions 0
4) Contribution towards various funds Net prior period income 6242
243925
PIF 43801
111 party risk insurance fund 200124
Total non-operating expenses 505438
1) Net prior period expenses 0
To profit for the year carried forward to 338977
net revenue appropriation a/c
6) Maintenance of 71825
departmental veh.
7) Printing & stationery 30044
8) Rent, Rates & Taxes 61415
9) General office expenses 139099
10) Repairs and Maintenance 96161 Operating loss c/d -842113
expenses
Total Administrative Expenses 873005 NON OPERATING
G. Depreciation on vehicle 1509878 REVENUE
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 15137457
TO OPERATING PROFIT CARRIED
FORWARD Miscellaneous income 1355779
TO NON OPERATING EXPENSES
1)Depreciation on other assets 110891 105155 Income from subsidies 707335
Less: Amt absorbed in RWS 5736
2)Financial cost 316643
3)Provisions 0 Total non-operating revenue 2063114
4) Contribution towards various funds 257267
PIF 46812 Net prior period 35116
111 party risk insurance fund 210455 adjustments
Total non-operating expenses 679065
1) Net prior period expenses 0
To profit for the year carried forward to 577052
net revenue appropriation a/c
6) Maintenance of 88885
departmental veh.
7) Printing & stationery 24206
8) Rent, Rates & Taxes 30194
9) General office expenses 171523 Operating loss c/d 1134592
10) Repairs and Maintenance 93163
expenses NON OPERATING
Total Administrative Expenses 867650 REVENUE
G. Depreciation on vehicle 1644694
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 16285197 Miscellaneous income 1509267
TO OPERATING PROFIT CARRIED
FORWARD 0
TO NON OPERATING EXPENSES Income from subsidies 777968
1)Depreciation on other assets 127773 123491
Less: Amt absorbed in RWS 4282 Total non-operating revenue 2287235
2)Financial cost 251283
3)Provisions 249
4) Contribution towards various funds 314916 Net prior period 25764
PIF 49090 adjustments
111 party risk insurance fund 265826
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
17463604
TOTAL INCOME 17463604
CHAPTER-8
BIBILOGRAPHY
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