LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

NUMB~R 1 OF THE YEAR 1974

ON
I MARRIAGE

BY THE qRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY

THE PRESIDENT pF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,

Considering ~
That, in acco ance with the PANCASILA philosophy and the
aspirations of romotirig national law, it is necessarythat there
shall be a marri ge law applicable to all citizens;

In view of 1. Article 5 paragraph (1), Article 20 paragraph (1), Article 27

paragraph(lP and Article 29 of the Constitution of 1945~
2. The DecreeI of the People's Consultative Assembly Number
IV/MPR/1913 ~

With the app~ova1 of the House of People's Representatives,

HASDECIDED:
To enact -THE LAW ON MARRIAGE -

, CHAPTER I
PRIN~LES OF MARRIAGE

Article 1
Marriage is a physical andl spiritual bond between a man and a woman as
husband and wife, having the pprpose of establishing a happy and lasting family
founded on the Belief in God A1n1ighty.

Article 2.
(1) A marriage is lawful when e~tered in accordance with the laws of the respective
religions and beliefs of the Aarties.

(2) Each marriage shall be ent~red in a register conform to the statutory regula-
tions.

Article 3.
(1) In principle, a man may b married to one woman only. A woman shall be
married to only one man.
(2) The Court may permit a usband to have more than one wife, if the parties
concerned so wish.

2
 t
,
Article 4.
(1) A husband inItending to hkve more than one wife as referred to in article 3
paragraph (2), is required to submit a petition to the court having jurisdiction
over his domu:ile. I

(2) The Court re to in paragraph (1) of this article shall only grant pennis-
sian to a hushand wishing to have more than one wife if :
a. his wife is unable to perfonn her conjugal duties;
b. his wife suffers from a physical infinnity or an incurable desease;
c. his wife can not bear ,children.

f
l II:' Article S.
(1) Such a petiti on will only be entertained by the court referred to in article
4 paragraph (Jl) of this law. if the following prerequisites are fulfilled:
a. there is consent of his wife or wives;
b. there is assurancethat the husband can provide for the sustenance of
his wive s and their children;
c. there is warranty that the husband will treat his wives and their children
justly.

(2) The consent] referred to inl p~r.agraph(1) sub. a. of this article is not required
for a husban~ d whose wife or wives is or are unable to give consent and is or
are incapable of becoming a party to the contract, or the whereabouts of his
wife is not kI1lown for at least two years, or for other easonswhich shall be sub.
ement of the court. .
ject to a judgl

CHAPTERll
PRECONDITIONS FOR MARRIAGE

Article 6.
(1) A marriage sllall be founded upon agreementbetween the marriage candidates.

(2) Marriage of a person under the age of 21 (twenty-one) years shall require
the consent 0[both parents.
When one of the parents has deceasedor is not in a position to state his or her
will, it shall suffice that the consent referred to in paragraph (2) be obtained
of the surviy]ng parent or of the parent who is in a position to state his or her
will.
When both parents have deceasedor are unable to state their ~lill, the consentlned
may be obtai from the guardian, the supporter or a relative by consangui-
nity in direc l~their
ascendence,as long as such persons are stmliving and in a po-
will. I .
sition to stat~

In the event of difference among the persons referred to in paragraphs (2),

(3), and (4) IDf this article, or when one or more of them has not made a state-
3

ferred
 ment, the Court having jurisdiction over the domicile of the person to be
married may, at the request of the latter grant approval after hearing the per-
sonsreferred to in paragraphs(2), (3) and (4) of this article.

The provisions of paragraphs (1) through (5) of this article are applicable in
so far as the laws of the respectivereligions and beliefs of the parties concerned
do not prescribe otherwise.

II Article 7.
A marriage in 6nly allowed when the male marriage candidate has reach~d
the age of 19 (nineteen) years and the female marriage candidate the age of
16 (sixteen) yeal1s.

(2) In deviation from the provision in paragraph (1) of this article, dispensation
,may be petitioned to the Court or other autll0rity designated by the parents
of both the male and female marriage candidate.

The provisions an the circumstances of one or both of the parents as referred

to in article 6 paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Law shall be equally applicable
in the case of petitioning dispensation as referred to in paragraph (2) of this
article, without Ii>rejudiceto the provision in article 6 paragraph (6).

Article 8.
A marriage is prdhibited between two persons:
a. who are related Py consanguinity either in the direct ascending or descending
line;
b who are related ijy consanguinity in a collateral line, namely: marriage between
.a brother and a sister, between a person and a brother or sister of one of such
person's parents, and between a person and a brother or sister of one of such
person's grandparents.

c. who are related by marriage, namely marriage between a person and such
person's parent-in-law, step-child, son- or daughter-in-law or step-father or
mother;
d. who are related by fosterage, namely marriage between a person and such
person's foster~~arent, foster-child, foster-brother or -sister or foster-aunt/
-uncle; I

e. when the male r11Iarriage

candidate has already a wife or wives and the female
,marriagecandida~eis a sibling or an aunt or niece of his wife or of one of his
wives;
f. having a relatio~ship prohibiting them from marriage according to their reli-
gions or when pr~hibited by any other applicable regulation.

4
 iV':!'
;"1,', Arti C1e 9.
A person still j~ined in matrimony with another person cannot remarry except
in casesas referred to!m article 3 paragraph (2) and article 4 of this law.

Article 10.
A divorced co~ple having subsequently remarried and redivorced each other,
shall not be allowed !to enter into matrimony with eachother again, in so far as their
respectivereligions and beliefs do not provide otherwise.

Article 11.
A waiting-period shall apply to women whose marriage has been dissolved

The length of such waiting-period will be further regulated by Government

Regulation.

II Article 12.
The marriage performance procedures will be regulated by separate statutory
regulation.
CHAPTER III
MARRIAGE IMPEDIMENTS
,,;1;' 1; .
,..'£, Article 13.
A marriage mC1cY
be stayed when one of the parties there to does not meet
the preconditions for marriage.

Article 14
Those entitle~ to stay a marriage are the family members in the direct as-
cendening line or descendening line, siblings, the Wali-Nikah (person who -
under the IsI~c Law -is legally responsible for the bride), the guardian,
the curator of either of the marriage candidates, and interested parties.

The persons r~ferred to in paragraph (1) of this article are also entitled to stay
a marriage fro~ being performed, when either of the marriage candidates has
been placed under guardianship and the marriage will unquestionably cause
misery to the: other marriage candidate related to the persons referred to in

paragraph(1).

Article 15.
Whosoeveris Ibound by marriage to one of the parties is on account of the
said marriage bond,! entitled to stay the intended remarriage of such party, without
prejudice to the protv'isionsin article 3 paragraph(2) and article 4 of this law.

5
 Article 16.
(1) The appointed ft,inctionary is obligated to prevent a marriage from being con-
tracted if the provisions in article 7 paragraph (1) and articles 8, 9, 10 and
12 of this law have not been complied with.

(2) With respect to the appointed functionary referred to in paragraph (1) of this
article, further p~ovisionswill be laid down by statutory regulation.

Article 17.
(1) To stay a marricige, a petition to that effect shall be submitted to the Court
having jurisdiction over the place where the marriage is to be concluded accom-
panied by no,tification to the registrar of marriages.

(2) The marriage candidate shall be given notice by the registrar of marriagesof the
ma"rriageimpediment referred to in paragraph(1) of this article.

Article 18.
The prohibition of the marriage can be set aside by decision of the Court or
by withdrawal of the petition at the court by the petitioner.

Article 19.
A marriage cannot be performed before the prohibition of the marriage has
been set aside.

Article 20.

The registrar of marriages is not allowed to perform or assist in the perfor-

mance o~ a marriage, )Vhen he is aware of an infraction of article 7 paragraph (I),
article 8, article 9, article 10 and article 12 of this Law, although no prohibition
of the marriage has been petitioned.

I Article 21.

When the registrar of marriagesis of the opinion that a marriage is prohibited

under this Law, he shall refuse to perform the marriage.

In the case of s~ch refusal, the registrar of marriage shall at the request of
either of the marriage candidates, issue a written statement of refusal, to such
marriage candida~egiving his reasonsfor such refusal~

The parties who~e intended marriage is so stayed, are entitled to petition for
judgment of the !Court having jurisdiction over the domocile of the registrar
of marriage who has refused to perform the marriage, attaching the statement
of refusal to the getition.

The Court shall ~vestigate the case by summary process and issue a disposi-
tion either to a~firrn the refusal or to order the marriage to be performed.

6
 The disposition shall lose effect upon removal of the impediments having
(5) given rise to the !refusal and parties concerned may once again publish notice
of marriage.

CHAPTER IV
NULLIFICAnON OF MARRIAGE

I Article 22.
A marriage-may I be nullified by non-fulfilment of the preconditions for mar-

riage on the part of eit~er of the parties.

J
:('.'1.c';~{;
:.c\Cf;,'t"
Art .ICIe -."3
Those entitled t~ petition nullification of a marriageare:
,
relatives of eith~r the wife or the husband by consangunity in the direct
a
ascendingline; !
,

b. the husband or t~e wife;

the authorized functionary in so far as the marriage has not been dissolved;
c. i
the appointed f~nctionary referred to in article 16 paragraph (2) of this Law
and any partie~ having direct legal interest in the marriage but only after
dissolution of t~e marriage. .

Article 24.
Whosoeveris b~nd by marriage one of the parties may on account of the said
marriage bond petitiqn the nullification of the new marriage, without prejudice to
the provisions in artic1e3 paragraph(2) and article 4 of this Law.

Article 25.
The petition f~r nullification of a marriage shall be submitted to the Court
having jurisdiction o~r the place where the marriage has been perfonned, or over the
domicile of both hus~and and wife or of either husband or wife.

Article 26.
A marriage pert ormed before an unauthorized registrar of marriages, or an illegal
(1) "Wali-Nikah", r in the absence of 2 (two) witnesses may be claimed for nulli-
fication by reI tives of either the husband or the wife by consanguinity in the
direct ascendi g line, by the public prosecutor or by the husband or the
!

wife.
The right of rusband or wife to petition nullification of their _marriage
(2) for reasonsas refferred to in paragraph (1) of this article is forfeited when they
have been livi~g together as husband and wife and are able to produce a marri-
age certificat~ I issued by the unauthorized registrar of marriages concerned,
while the pertomance of the marriage shall be repeated to render it legal.

7
 Article 27.
A husband or wife may petition nullification of their marriage when it has been
performed under duress.

A husband or v-rife may petition nullification of their marriage when at the

time of its con~lusion there was error in the person of either the husband or
the wife.

Upon removal qf the duress or when the party in error has become aware of
the situation, b~t in spite thereof the parties concerned continue living to-
gether as husband and wife for 6 (six) months \yithout exercising their right to
petition nullification of the marriage, the said right is forfeited.

Article 28.
(1) Nullification of * marriage starts as from the time the judgement of the Court
pertaining thereto becomes final, with retroactiv~ effect from the time the
marriage was coqcluded.

(2) The Court judgerent is not retroactive in respectof:

a. children bqrn out of the marriage;
b. husband a4d wife when they have acted in good faith, except in respect
of commu~ty property when the nullification of the m~rriage is based
upon the efistence of a previously entered marriage;
c. third parti~s not falling under a or b, in so far as they have obtained cer-
tain rights lin good faith before the judgement on nullification becomes
final.

CHAPTER V
ANTENUPTIALCONTRACT

Article 29.
(1) At the time of lor prior to the marriage performance, both parties ma)' by
mutual consent conclude an antenuptial contract in writing, legalized by the
registrar of marriage, where upon the contents shall also be binding on third
parties in so far af third parties are affected.

The contract cannot be legalized if contrary to the restrictions set by the

law. religion or morality.

(3) The antenuptial contract takes effect as from the marriage being concluded

Throughout the bontinuance of the marriage the contract can not be changed
except by mutual agreement between the parties concerning such changes,
provided such changesare not prejudicial to the interests of third parties.

8
 CHAPTER VI
CO~JUGAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

I Article 30.

Husband and vrife bear the lofty responsibility to sustain a houshold, wich
counstitutes the fund~mental basisof the structure of society.

Article 31.

(1) ~
The rights and osition of the wife are equal to the rights and position of the
husband both' family and in social life.
(2) Either party to he marriage has legal capacity.
(3) The husband is the head of the family, the wife is the mother of the household.

! Article 32

(1) Husband and W~fe shall have a permanent place of domicile.

The domicile a referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined jointly by
(2)
husband and wi e.

II Article 33.
Husband and ~fe shall love and respect each other, be faithful to one another
and give one another physical and moral support.

I Article 34.
The husband s~all protect his wife and provide for all necessities of life re-
(1)
quired in a fa~ly to the best of his ability.
(2) The wife shall ~anage the household to the best of her ability .
I

If either the h~sband or the wife neglects his or her responsibilities, the other
(3)
party my lodge la complaint with the Court.

CHAPTER VII
WtARRIAGE PROPERTY

Article 35.
(1) Property acqui~edduring marriage shall become joint property.
Property brou&i1t into the marriage by the husband and the v.'ife respectively
(2)
and property ~cquired by either of them as a gift or inl1eritance shall remain
under their re~ective control, unless otherwise decided between the parties.

I Article 36.
,

Husband or w~fe may dispose of the joint property with mutual consent.
(1) I

Husband and ~ife shall have full right of disposal of the property brought
(2)
by them into t~e marriage respectively.

9
 Article 37.
When a marriage is dissolved by divorce, the joint property shall be settled in ac-
cordance with the respectivelaws.

CHAPTER VIII
DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE AND THE CONSEQUENCESTHEREOF

Article 38.
A marriage is dissolvedby: a. death, b. divorce and c. judgement of the Court.

Article 39.
(1) A divorce may be decreed only before the Court, after that Court has un-
successfullyendeavouredto conciliate the parties.

(2) A divorce shall be founded upon sufficient grounds indicative of the incompati-
bility of the husband and the wife living together in harmony.

(3) Divorce proceedingsin Court shall be regulated by separatestatutory regulation.

Article 40.
(1) Suits for divorce shall be lodged with the Court.
(2) The proced~res of lodging a divorce suit asreferred to in paragraph (I) of this
article shall be regulated by separatestatutory regulation.

Artic;le41.

The consequencesof divorces are the following:

Both the father and the mother remain responsible for the sustenanceand
education of their children, exclusively to serve the children's interest. In
case of a dispute concerning custody of the children, the Court shall decide
the matter.

b. The father is responsible for all expenses of the children's sustenance and
education; if it is an ascertained fact that the father is unable to fulfil his obli-
gations, the Court may detennine that the mother shall share in such respon-
sibility.

c. The Court may obligate the ex-husband to pay alimony and/or impose one or
other obligation upon the ex-wife. .

CHAPTER IX
POSITION OF THE CffiLDREN

Article 42.
A legitimate child is a child born out of or resulting from a legal marriage.

10
 Article 43.
A child born out of wedlock has only civil relations with its mother and the
mother's relatives.
The position of a child as referred to in paragraph (1) above will be further
regulated by Government Regulation.

Article 44.
.
A husband may contest the legitimacy of a child born out of his wife when
he can furnish evidence of his wife's adultery and of the child being born as
the result of ~uchadultery. .
The Court passesjudgement on the legitimacy of a child at the petition of
the interested party.

CHAPTER X
PARENTAL AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Article 4S.
Both parentsibear the responsibility for the sustenanceand education of their
(1)
children to the best of their ability.

The parental! responsibility referred to in paragraph (1) of this article remains

(2)
effective until the children marry or become independent, and continues being i
effective even though the marriage between the parents may have been dissolv-
ed.

Article 46.
Childrenshallhonour their parentsand obey their well-meantwishes
(1)
On reaching adulthood, children shall to the best of their ability support their
(2)
parents and relatives by consanguinity in the direct ascending line when they
are in need of support.

Article 47.
A child bel9w the age of 18 (eighteen) years and unmarried remains in the
custody of its parents in so far as they have not been divested of parental po-
wer.
,

The parents ~ha11represent their child in any legal acts in and out of court

Article 48. ..

Parents are !prohibited from transferring title in or pledging to immovable

property of their ~hildren below the age of 18 (eighteen) years and still unmarried,
except when the 14terestsof the children so require.
11
 Article 49.
A parent or parents may by Court order be divested of his/their parental autho-
rity over one or more of their children for a certain period of time at the pe-
tition of the other parent, a relative of the child (ren) by consanguinity in the
direct ascendingline, an adult sibling of the child (ren) or a competent official
for any of the following reasons:
a. gross neglect of responsibility for the child (ren);
b. evil conduct in life.

Although divested of parental authority, parents shall remain responsible for

the sustenanceof their child (ren).

CHAPTER XI
GUARDIANSHIP

Article SO.
Children under the age of 18 (eighteen) years, unmarried and not being under
the authority of their parents, shall be placed under guardianship.

Guardianship applies both to the children personally and to their properties.

Article 51.
A guardian may be designated by a parent having parental authority prior to
his/her death by testamentary disposition or orally in the presence of 2 (two)
witnesses.

(2) A guardian shall preferably be selected from among the children's relatives or
other adults who are sound of mind, just, honest and of good conduct.

(3) A guardian shall take care of his/her wards and of their properties to the best
of his or her ability and respect their religion and belief.

(4) A guardian shall make an inventory list of his or her wards' properties at the
time of assuminghis or her responsibility and record all changesoccurring to
such properties.

(5) A guardian shall be responsible for the properties of his/her wards and for
any lossesdue to his or her faults and negiicence.

Article 52.
Article 48 of this Law is equally applicable to guardians.

Article 53.
(1) A guardian may be divested of his or her authority in casesas referred to in
article 49 of this Law.

12
 Upon divestment of a guardian's authority as referred to in paragraph (1)
of this article, the Court shall appoint another personas guardian.

Article 54.
A guardian having caused lossesto the property of his or her ward may upon
a claim brought by the child or the child's family be obligated by Court order to
make good such losses.

CHAPTERXII
MISCELLANEOUSPROVISIONS

Part One
PROOFOF PARENTAGE

Article 55.
(1) The parentage of a child can be proved only by an authentic birth certificate
issued by an authorized official.
In the absenceof a birth certificate as referred to in paragraph (1) of this ar-
(2)
ticle, the Court may decide on the child's parentage after accurate investigati-
on founded upon valid evidences.
On the basis of a decision of the Court as referred to in paragraph (2) of this
(3)
article, the registry office of births located within the jurisdiction of the
Court concernedshall issuea birth certi.ficate to the child in question.

Part Two
MARRIAGESOUTSIDEINDONESIA

Article 56
A marriage performed outside Indonesia between two Indonesian citizens
or between an Indonesian and a foreign citizen is legal when performed
according to the law applicable in the country where the marriage is perform-
ed and as regards the Indonesian citizen(s) provided such marriage is not in
contravention of the provisions in this Law.
Whithin 1 (one) year as from the married couple's return in Indonesia the
(2)
marriage certificate shall be registered at the registry of marriage at their place
of domicile.

PartThree

MIXED MARRIAGES

13
 !I Article 57. .
I

For the purpose ~f this Law a mixed marriage is a marriage between two per-
sons who in Indonesia are subject to different laws due to difference of citizenship,
whilst one of them is ~ Indonesian citizen.

Article 58.
Persons of different citizenship contracting a mixed marriage may obtain the
citizenship of the husband/wife and also may lose their persons' own citizenship
in accordance with th1 procedures provided for in the Law on Indonesian Citizen-
ship in force.

Article 59,
(1) Citizenship obta
~' ed by a person through marriage or through dissolution of
marriage shall de nnine the law applicable.to such person with respect to both
public law and p vate law.

(2) Mixed marriages fontracted in Indonesia shall be performed according to this

Marriage Law. : [

..! I Atticle 60.

1) A mixed marriagf shall not be performed before evidence has been furnished
of the fulfIlment of the preconditions for marriage as provided by the laws
applicable to the respective parties to the marriage.

(2) As evidence of fulfilment of the preconditions referred to in paragraph (1)

above and, accordingly, of the non-existence of unpediments to the per-
formance of such marriage, the officials authorized to register marriages
according to the laws applicable to the respective parties shall issue an affi-
davit to that effect.

(3) Upon refusal of ~he officials to issue such affidavit, the Court will at the pe-
tition of the inte ested parties issue an unappealable decision without judicial
processwhether 0 not the refusal to issue the affidavit is well-founded.

(4) When the Court ~asdecided that the refusal is unfounded, the Court's decisi-
on shall be a subs~itute for the affidavit referred to in paragraph (3).

(5) The affidavit or the decision in lieu of the affidavit shall become ineffective
when the marriagf is not contracted within 6 (six) months as from the issuance
thereof. I
! Article 61.

(1) Mixed marriages shall be recorded by an authorized registrar of marriages.

(2) Whosoevercontracts a mixed marriage without having shown to the authorized

registrar of marriages an affidavit or decision in licu of the affidavit as referred
to in article 60 paragraph (4) of this Law shall "bese:ntencedby imprisonment
for a period not excuding 1 (one) year.
I -
14
 The registrar of Imarriages having recorded a marriage while aware of the
absence of an aftdavit or decision in lieu of the affidavit shall be sentenced
with imprisonmeht for a period not excuding 3 (three) months besides an
administrative penalty.

Article 62.
The positio~ of jthe children in a mixed marriage is regulated in accordance
with article 59 paragra~h (1) of this Law.

Part Four
THE COURT

I t Article 63.

(1) For the purpose f this Law the Court in this Law shall be
a. the Religio s Courts for the Moslems,
b. the General Court for all others.

, J)
All decisions of ~he Religious Court shall require confirmation by the General
Court. I

CHAPTER XIII
TRANSITIONAL PROVISION

tI Article 64.
Marriage contraJted and matters related there to effected according to the
former regulations pripr to 'the date this Law becomes effective shall remain legal.

"' I Article 65.

To husband ma ried to more than one wife either under the former laws or
pursuant to arti Ie 3 paragraph (2) of this Law, the following provisions shall
apply: t.
a. ! d shall provide for the sustenanceof all his wives and their
The hUSba
children e ually.
b The secon and subsequentwife/wives shall not be entitled to the joint

property xisting prior to the marriage of such second or subsequent

wife/wive.
c. All wives hall be equally entitled to joint property acquired since their
respectivemarriage.
Unless otherwi r decided by the Court having granted permission to have
(2)
more than one ife under this Law, the provisions in paragraph (1) of this ar-
ticle shall apply

15
 CHAPTER XN
CONCLUDING PROVISIONS

I Article 66.
.With the com~g into force of this Law, in regard of marriagesand any matters
related thereto by virtue of this Law the provisions contained in the Civil Code,
the Ordinance on Marriage of Christians Indonesians (S. 1933 No. 74), the Regu-
lation on Mixed Marriages(S. 1898 No. 158) and other regulations containing pro-
visions on marriages, in so far as provided for in this Law, are declared not effective.

~ Article 67.

(1) This Law co! es into force on the date of its promulgation, while its effective
implementati n will be regulated by Government Regulation.

(2) Matters in this Law requiring implementary regulations shall be further laid
down in a Government Regulation.

In order that I everybody be informed, it is instructed that this Law shall be

published in the state Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia.

Ratified in Jakarta
On January 2,1974

THE PRESIDENT OF THE

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
sgd.
SOEHARTO
Army General
Enacted in Jakarta
On January2 , 1974

MINISTER/STATE SECRETARY
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
sgd.
SUDHARMONO,SH
Army Major General

STATE GAZETTE OF THE REPUBUC OF INDONESIA OF THE YEAR 1974 No.1

16
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