 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬

٢٢٥
  ‫א‬  ٢٢٥  
  ‫א‬  

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬? ?? ?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
    ٢٢٥  
  ‫א‬  

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ”
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”


-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬
 W١J ١
،‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
،EHand ToolsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Cylinder F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧٧٥‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬    EBorer
‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J EMass ProductionF
 K‫א‬EM/C ToolsF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،  ١٩١٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEMechanizationF‫א‬EAutomationF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ESystemF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEManufacturing SystemFE‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
E F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬F
 KE
، F
LLL
 KEL

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

Animate or F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
           ‫א‬ EInanimate
 KE‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KEAssemblageF‫א‬ .١
 KERelationshipF‫א‬ .٢
 KEGoal SeekingF‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 KEAdaptability to environmentF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Transformational or Functional FE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEDefinition
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
(Structural E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 Kor Static Definition)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W   F
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KEInputsF‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF .٢
 KEOutputsF‫ א‬.٣
‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 KEE١J ١F‫א‬FK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ F
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE٢J ١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١-١
F    ،        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،      ‫א‬   E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
              ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 KEWork - In - processF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬ .٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٢-١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEProduct DesignF‫א‬ .١
 KEProduction planningF‫א‬ .٢
 KEManufacturing OperationsF‫א‬ .٣
 KEMaterials HandlingF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 KEAssembly OperationsF‫א‬ .٥
 KEInspection & TestingF‫א‬‫ א‬.٦
 KEStorageF‫ א‬.٧
 KEProduction ControlF‫א‬‫ א‬.٨


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
 E‫א‬F ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  E‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، E٣J ١F   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٢


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ١
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬١J ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KECAMF‫א‬‫א‬ECADF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEVariant SystemF‫א‬L‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ KECode NumberF E‫א‬F ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬EFamilyF ‫א‬
 KEGT) (Group TechnologyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEGenerative SystemFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٣J ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١J ٤J ١
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EHeuristic ApproachesF‫א‬
 KEComputer Method of Sequencing operations for Assembly LinesFEComsoalF

 W‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،EInventory Record FileF‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ?‫?א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 WEMaterials Requirements Planning) (MRPFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Priority Planning)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ١
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ECNCF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬،ERoboticsF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ECNCF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPhysical ModelsF‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 KEGraphical ModelsF‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 KEMathematical or Analytical ModelsF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬WK
‫א‬EF‫א‬WK
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 To = (Operation time)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 KTno = (Nonoperation time)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KnmZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EManufacturing lead time F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬
 Kmanufacturing lead time = nm (To + Tno)E1F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E1F‫א‬
 WE١F‫א‬EQF
 Kmanufacturing lead time = nm (QTo + Tno)E2F
    ،  Q    ‫א‬‫א‬  Tno   E2F ‫א‬ 
 KEQF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E2FE1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E2F‫א‬E QF‫א‬ETsuF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 Kmanufacturing lead time = nm (Tsu + QTo + Tno)E3F
‫א‬،E3FE1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EToFETsuF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،ETnoFEToFETsuF

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬E QF‫א‬
 KEnmF‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F Q‫א‬‫א‬
 WE3F‫א‬
  (Tsu + QTo)(4) Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Tp‫א‬‫א‬E4F ‫א‬
 W
 Tp = (Tsu + QTo) / Q E5F
‫א‬‫א‬،ERpF‫א‬‫א‬E5F‫א‬
 W
1
 Rp = = Q / (Tsu + QTo) E6F
 Tp
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ETpF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E6F ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬ERpF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EToF ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬EToFEM/c ToolF‫א‬
 To = (Tm + Th + Tth ) E7F
 TmZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ThZ‫א‬
 TthZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W١J ٥J ١
 W١J ١J ٥J ١
‫א‬K 8،‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٠
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K  ٣{٠  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬         ‫א‬  K  ٦{٠    
 K٧{٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨{٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 nmZ8TsuZ3.0
6
 QZ50ToZZ 0.1
60
 TnoZ7.0

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬
 Kmanufacturing lead time = nm (Tsu + QTo + Tno)

 Z8 ( 3 + 50 x 0.1 +7) = 120
 120
 15ZZ‫א‬‫א‬
 8

 W٢J ١J ٥J ١
٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬،٣{٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣{٠‫א‬،
٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬١٠٠

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
Rp = Q/ (Tsu + QTo)
To = (Tm + Th + Tth)
 Tsu = 3.0Tm = 2.5
 Tsu = 30= 0.5
 Th = 3.0
 QZ50
 To = (2.5 + 3.0 + 0.5) = 6.0
Rp = 50/ (3 x 60 + 50 x 6)
1 1
 = = W‫א‬LE1F
 3 x 6/5 + 6 9.6
 Q = 100
Rp = 100/ (3 x 60 + 100 x 6)
 1 1
 = = W‫א‬LE2F
 3 x 6/10 + 6 7.8

 WE1FJ E2FZ‫א‬‫א‬
1.8 1 1
‫א‬LZJ Z
7.8 x 9.6 9.6 7.8

1.8 1
 J J J J J J J J J Dx 100 = %‫א‬
7.8 x 9.6 9.6

1.8 x 9.6
---------- x 100 =
7.8 x 9.6

23.1 % =

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 





‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 EInputs F





‫א‬

 ‫א‬ Transformation F
 EProcess





‫א‬ ‫א‬

EProductsF  EOutputsF




 ‫א‬ : E١J ١F


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 




‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬






‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 







‫א‬L‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ١F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 






 ‫א‬ 




W ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 







 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣J ١F


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬           ‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،

،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  •
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫• א‬
KEFMSF‫א‬ECNCF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   •
 ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 J ١J 
 WEFEF (١)
 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 EF  K‫א‬ .٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 EF         K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K………… ……………………‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ………………KK………………‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K…………………    K…………………  ‫א‬  .٣
 …………………………
KK………………………………        ‫א‬  .٤
…………………    ،  …………………… ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬KK…………………
 ، KK………… …………       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ .٥
KK…………………،KK……………………
،KK……………………………،…………………
 K……………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬KK‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 KKKECNCFK
 KECNCFK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1.5‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 5
 K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬10050

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬
 W١J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬ .١
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
     ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  W ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W،
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢

- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،

 W‫א‬٢J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬١J ٢J ٢
F EDiscreteF     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    EContinuousF ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٢J ٢J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
 K‫א‬EFormingF
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬      (‫)ﺝ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WELayoutF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEFixed Position LayoutF‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 KEProcess - Based LayoutF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 KEProduct - Based LayoutF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
Group F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ، E‫א‬F ‫א‬     ETechnology Layout
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٢J ٢
‫א‬L‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE١J ٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬  
ELathe M/CsF‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EMilling M/CsF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
EJob shop ProductionF  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EBatch ProductionF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣J ٢J ٢
 ،‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEFlow LinesFW‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EConveyorF
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬     
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ETransfer M/CsF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEContinuous ProductionFW‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،    ‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬٤J ٣J ٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      EGTF EGroup TechnologyF ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEGroupF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFamiliesF
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ J  ECellular ManufacturingF ‫א‬ 
 KERobotFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ENumerical ControlF
  ‫א‬        ‫א‬ E٥J ٢F ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬E‫א‬FE٤J ٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEJop Shop ProductionFW‫א‬١J ٤J ٢J ٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ،       ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
، EGeneral Purpose M/CsF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 EBatch Production FW‫א‬٢J ٤J ٢J ٢

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،  E F  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EMass ProductionFW‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٢J ٢
   ،           
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ٢J ٢
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EM/C ToolsF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥J ٢J ٢
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥J ٢J ٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K







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


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٢F

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 


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
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
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

















 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٢٥

- ٢٩ -
‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬ E‫א‬F 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬WE٢J ٢F
 




‫א‬ ‫א‬   

‫א‬
٢٢٥

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬E٣J ٢F
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬E٤J ٢F

‫א‬WE٥J ٢F

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬WT
 WM
 WD
 WSG
 ‫א‬‫א‬WCG

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬ 
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     ‫א‬    
     ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬    
    ‫א‬    


 ‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦J ٢F


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

،   ،   W ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫• א‬
K

،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 J ٢J 

 WEFEFE١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 EF         K‫א‬
 EF    K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 EF     K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 KK…………K……………‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬K……………‫ א‬.٢
 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ K………………    ‫א‬   .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬KK……………K……………
 KK………………‫א‬ .٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 KKKKKK
 W‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬KK‫א‬KK‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 KKK KK K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECIMF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KEROCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESLCAF


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 W١J ٣
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ENCF ENumerical Control M/CsF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K EFMSF    ECAMF        
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K    
  ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    K ‫א‬    ECAMF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
Computer - F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KECIMFEIntegrated Manufacturing
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬EGTF‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬EGTF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
   ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ E F  W  
، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK٦

- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ W‫א‬

  EAutomationF E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬
 KK٧

 ECellular Manufacture ) (CMFW‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KESingle M/C CellF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 KEGroup M/C Cell With Manual HandlingF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
Group M/C Cell With Semi-F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   .٣
 KEIntegrated Handling
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Indian Engineering F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ٣٥٠٠  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ECompany
، ٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ١٢٠‫א‬W ١٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٤‫א‬
 K٧٢٩٣٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٩٤١٢٠‫א‬ J 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K٪٧٤٪٥١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٪٢١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬ J 
‫א‬EAlfred HerbertF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧٠٠٠٠ –‫א‬
   ‫א‬         ١٠٥٠    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
،  ١٨   ١٢   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
  ٤{٥   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K
٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٩٠‫א‬٧٠٠٠،١٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K٣٤‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ٦١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬٨٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬٪٩٢‫א‬٪٧٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٣
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 EGT Flow LineFW‫א‬١J ٣J ٢J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE١J ٣F

 EGT CellFW‫א‬٢J ٣J ٢J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 KEE٢J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 EGT CentreFW‫א‬٣J ٣J ٢J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K 
،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 KE٣J ٣F،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EIntercellF‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KEF،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬٤J ٣
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EClassification and CodingFW‫א‬‫א‬K١
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
         ، ‫א‬
 K

 EPFAFEProduction Flow AnalysisFW‫א‬K٢
  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Single Linkage Clustering Algorithm) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( ‫)ﺃ‬
 (LSCA)
 (Rank order Clustering) (ROC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
 
 WESLCAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٣
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     EClusteringF ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 WEPart - M/C MatrixF‫א‬J ‫א‬ .١
 1EjF‫א‬EiF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
aij =
 0
‫א‬‫א‬ESimilarity CoefficientF‫א‬E٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،( K )( l )S(l,k)
 S ( l , k ) = N ( l , k ) / ( N ( l ,k ) + U )
 W
 N ( l , k )Z(k)(l)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 U=N(l)+N(k)
 N ( l )Z( k )‫א‬( l )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 N (K)ZElF‫א‬EKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨‫א‬E‫א‬ C‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨C٨F‫א‬

 WECluster AnalysisF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
،‫א‬ESimilarity DendogramF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S ( l , k )F‫א‬‫א‬
   ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، E‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬?‫א‬?
 K‫א‬(Clusters)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (SLCA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 WESLCAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٤J ٣
 WD, C , B , AW‫א‬
 WP6, P5, P4, P3, P2, P1

B W ‫ א‬ W P1
C, A W ‫ א‬ W P2
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

D, B W ‫ א‬ W P3
C, A W ‫ א‬ W P4
C, A W ‫ א‬ W P5
D, B W ‫ א‬ W P6

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬J ‫א‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
 K‫א‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
 K‫א‬ (‫)ﺝ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫)ﺩ( א‬

 W‫א‬
(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
 W(0)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
 A 0 1 0 1 1 0
‫ א‬B 1 0 1 0 0 1
C 0 1 0 1 1 0
D 0 0 1 0 0 1

 W(k)(l)‫א‬EF
 S ( l , k ) = N ( l , k ) / (N (l,k) + U )
 W‫א‬
 U = N ( l ) + N (K )
 WEBF(A)‫א‬‫א‬
 S ( A , B ) = N ( A,B) / ( N (A,B) + U )
 U = N ( A ) + N (B)
 W‫א‬J ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WN (A,B)EBF(A)
N (A , B) = 0
 EBF(A)‫א‬‫א‬
 N ( A ) = 3W
 N ( B ) = 3W
 W‫א‬
 0
 S ( A , B) = = 0.00E١F
 0+3+3
 W‫א‬
 3
S ( A , C) = = 1.00 E٢F
  3+0+0

  0
 S ( A , D) = = 0.00E٣F
 0+3+2
 0
 S ( B , C) = = 0.00E٤F
 0+3+3

 2 2
 S ( B , D) = = = 0.6 7 E٥F
 2+1+0 3

 0
 S ( C , D) = = 0.00E٦F
 0+3+2

 E٦FE١F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬

A B C D
A 0.00 1.00 0.00
B 0.00 0.67
C 0.00
D

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٤J ٣F
E0.8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٣F‫א‬
‫א‬EBF‫א‬E1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ECFEAF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KEDF‫א‬،‫א‬
 0.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٤J ٣F‫א‬
 ECF (A)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 (D)(B)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W0.5‫א‬‫א‬

P2 P4 P5 P3 P6 P1
A 1 1 1 0 0 0
 ‫א‬‫א‬
C 1 1 1 0 0 0
B 0 0 0 1 1 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬
D 0 0 0 1 1 0

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 { A , C }W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
{P2 , P4 , P5 }

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 { B , D }W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
{P3 , P6 , P1 }

- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEROCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEpFEmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬
 1EjF‫א‬EiF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
aij =
 0
 EAF ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE1 , 0F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E١F
N،kEA‫א‬F‫א‬ 2 N-K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، E  F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬   
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K٢
KE‫א‬F‫א‬M،k2 M-K‫א‬
‫א‬ F   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEROCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢J ٤J ٣
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬F E    F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KEROCF‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
 WEAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
A 0 1 0 1 1 0
B 1 0 1 0 0 1
C 0 1 0 1 1 0
D 0 0 1 0 0 1
 W‫א‬E١F
25 25 25 25 25 25
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
A 0 1 0 1 1 0 22 2
B 1 0 1 0 0 1 41 1
C 0 1 0 1 1 0 22 3
D 0 0 1 0 0 1 9 4

 W‫א‬
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
.B 1 0 1 0 0 1
A 0 1 0 1 1 0
C 0 1 0 1 1 0
D 0 0 1 0 0 1


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬E٢F
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 ‫א‬‫א‬
B 1 0 1 0 0 1 23
A 0 1 0 1 1 0 22
C 0 1 0 1 1 0 21
D 0 0 1 0 0 1 20
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 8 6 9 6 6 9
‫א‬ 3 4 1 5 6 2
 W‫א‬
25 24 23 22 21 20
P3 P6 P1 P2 P4 P5
B 1 1 1 0 0 0
A 0 0 0 1 1 1
C 0 0 0 1 1 1
D 1 1 0 0 0 0
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬
5 4 3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
P3 P6 P1 P2 P4 P5 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
B 1 1 1 0 0 0 56 1
A 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 3
C 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 4
D 1 1 0 0 0 0 48 2


- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
P3 P6 P1 P2 P4 P5
B 1 1 1 0 0 0
‫א‬‫א‬
D 1 1 0 0 0 0
A 0 0 0 1 1 1
‫א‬‫א‬
C 0 0 0 1 1 1

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 { B , D }W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
{P3 , P6 , P1}
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 { A , C }W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
{2 , P4 , P5 }
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EFlexible Manufacturing SystemsF‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣
 WEFMSF
 W‫א‬١J ٥J ٣
 ‫א‬  F        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬EECNCF
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬   ، ECNCF        W   K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERobotF
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 WEDedicatedFEF
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 WERandom – orderF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  K ‫א‬      ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 WEFlexibilityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٣
 (Computer – Integrated Manufacturing) (CIM)
       ECIMF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٧٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ،   
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬??‫א‬?
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬          
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  W ECAEF (Computer – Aided Engineering)  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ENCF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ECADF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،ECAMF‫א‬‫א‬ECADF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KECAPPF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥J ٣F


 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 







‫א‬‫א‬ 
  
1 



‫א‬‫א‬ 
   
2 





 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ٣F

 W‫א‬
  W 
  W 
  W 
 ‫א‬ W 
  W 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


   






 





 ‫א‬WE٢J ٣F
 W‫א‬
  W 
  W 
  W 
 ‫א‬ W 
  W 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 


  
  






   
  
 




 ‫א‬E٣J ٣F
 W‫א‬
  W 
  W 
  W 
 ‫א‬ W 
  W 

- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 







A C B D

1.0

0.9 
0.8  ٣
0.7 
0.6 
0.5 
 ٢
0.4


0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0




 ESLCAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤J ٣F

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ 

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

 
F F
‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WE٥J ٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EGTF‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ECAMF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KECIMF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬EGTF‫א‬‫א‬ •
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،
K‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬ECMF‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ESLCAF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  •
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬
    ‫א‬    EROCF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  •
‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ECIMF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 –٣–
 WEFEFE١F
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K…………… ………………‫א‬EROCF‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
KK…………‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬……………
K‫א‬‫א‬K……………………KK…………… K٣
‫א‬ ………… ………  ESLCAF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K٤
K…………………    ، KK………… KK………………   ‫א‬
 K………………………

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 WECIMF‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬KK‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K‫א‬KK‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬–‫א‬K٣
 KESLCAF‫א‬KKESLCAF‫א‬EROCF‫א‬KKEROCF‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K‫א‬KKCNCK
 K‫א‬،ECNCFK
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬E٤F
 KEGTF‫א‬،١
 KECIMF‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 KEFMSF‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 KECMF‫א‬‫א‬K٤

                ‫א‬ E٥F
 W‫א‬–‫א‬

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10

A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
B 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
D 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
E 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 KEROCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 KEROCF‫א‬ESLCAF‫א‬F‫א‬ J 


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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬ERPWF

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E٤F‫א‬
 W١J ٤
،‫א‬‫א‬(Assembly Line)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
EInterchangeabilityF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEDivision of LabourF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EStandardizationF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١J ٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEUF
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،ELinearF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EUF
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬EJobshopF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬

- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Precendence FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Washer)E‫א‬F‫א‬،EConstraints
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERPWFERanked Positional WeightF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WERPWF‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٤
F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬





- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEiFPW( i )‫א‬‫א‬W
EjF‫א‬KEiF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S( i )W
،EiF‫א‬‫א‬EjF‫א‬S( i )‫א‬
 W
jεS(I)
 W‫א‬PWi‫א‬‫א‬W
Pwi = ti + Σ rεs (i) tr

EiF‫א‬i < RW‫א‬‫א‬
 KS ( r )‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Ei = 1,2,……….. nFI‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،،PW( i )‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬??‫ א‬E٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WERPWF‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٢J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢J ٤FESpringF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ١٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬F  EF
- 20  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ a
a 6  ‫א‬ b
b 5  ‫א‬ c
- 21  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ d
- 8  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ e
- 35  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ f
c2d 15  ‫א‬ g
g 10  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ h
e,h 15  ‫א‬‫א‬ i
c 5  ‫א‬ j
f,I,j 46  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k
k 16  ‫א‬‫א‬ l

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PW( i )‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ElF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٤F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PW( i )‫א‬١٦
 WPW(k)‫א‬‫א‬

PW (k) = tk + PW (l)
= 46 + 16 = 62

EaF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٢PW(k)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ PW‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

1 138 a
3 118 b
4 112 c
2 123 d
8 85 e
6 97 f
5 102 g
7 87 h
9 77 i
10 67 j
11 62 k
12 16 l

‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE ١٥٠٠F‫א‬
 Z( C )‫א‬

 ١
 ١{١٧ZELF٢٢٠CELF٢CELF٤CELF
 ١٥٠٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧٠‫א‬،L
 W
 K٢٢٠Z٢C١٠–٦٠C٤Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FEaF‫א‬
 WEF١‫א‬
C – ta = 70 – 20 = 50

- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

EF‫א‬‫א‬EdF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢١
 W١‫א‬
50 – td = 50 – 21 = 29
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
a,d,b,c,g 70 , 50 , 29 , 23 , 18 , 3 1
f, h, e , i 70 , 35 , 25 , 17 , 2 2
j,k,l 70 , 65 , 19 , 3 3

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


















  


 ‫א‬

 U : E١J ٤F
 

- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 





 ERPWFWE٢J ٤F

- ٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 





20 6 5 5 
a b c

j



21

15 10

d g h 


8 15 46 16

e j k l


35 

f



 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣J ٤F

- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬K١W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K٣K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢K ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERPWF‫א‬‫א‬ •
 EF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KECF‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 –٤J 
 WEFE١F
‫א‬‫א‬ K١
EF          K‫א‬
EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
EF         K‫א‬
EFERPWF‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
،‫א‬KK…………………………‫א‬ K١
KKK……………………KK……………
KK……،‫א‬‫א‬KK…………………KK………‫א‬ K٢
K
 ……………K……………‫א‬K K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

E٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬  ??‫א‬  ‫א‬

- 20 a
- 18 b
a 6 c
a 10 d
b 6 e
c,d 7 f
e,f 6 g
g 14 h
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠ECF‫א‬
 WERPWF
 K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”

- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 W١J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EPartsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EEToolsF‫א‬‫א‬FEMobile ResourcesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬EChipsF‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WEPoint of use StorageF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
WEUnit LoadF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEOrientation PrincipleF‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WEGravity PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WESafety PrincipleF‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WECost PrincipleF‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WESimplification PrincipleF‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬WESystem Flow PrincipleF‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEFlexibility PrincipleF‫א‬ K٧
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEObsolescence PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEMaintenance PrincipleFW‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WELayout PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WEEnergy PrincipleF‫א‬ K١١

K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WEPlanning PrincipleF‫א‬ K١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WESpace Utilization PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEStandardization PrincipleF‫א‬ K١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEErgonomic PrincipleF‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEEcology PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEMechanization PrincipleF‫א‬ K١٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WEComputerization PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEUnit Load PrincipleF‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WESystems PrincipleF‫א‬ K٢٠
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEConveyorsF‫א‬١J ٣J ٥
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬FERollersF‫א‬EChutesF‫א‬‫א‬EBeltsF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE١J ٥F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KEE١J ٥F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬، K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 WECranes & HoistsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEHooksF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEIndustrial TrucksF‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣J ٥
،EHand CartsF‫א‬‫א‬،EFork LiftsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EAGVsFEAutomated Guided VehicksF
Hand F‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–EConveyorsF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETrucks
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAGVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٤J ٥
(Automated Storage / Retrieval Systems) (As / Rs)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EForkF‫א‬
 KEE٢J ٥F‫א‬F





- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 WERobotFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣J ٥
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬EPolarF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECylindericalF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬ECartesian CoordindateF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤J ٥F‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬EJointed – armF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤–٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬K–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–
 EAGVSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K–٢
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬–
 
   ‫א‬‫א‬K–٣
   ‫א‬–
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K–٤
 EAGVSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K–٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬–

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EModularityF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ٥F

- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬WE٢J ٥F

- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 





‫א‬ WE٣J ٥F

- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬
E٤JWE٥٥FJ
٥F

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬J ٥K‫א‬J ٤K‫א‬J ٣K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢K‫א‬J ١W
? ‫?א‬‫א‬–١٠K‫א‬–٩K‫א‬‫א‬–٨K‫א‬J ٧K‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬–١٤K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٣K‫א‬–١٢K‫א‬J ١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٨K‫א‬–١٧K‫א‬J ١٦K‫א‬‫א‬–١٥
K‫א‬–٢٠K‫א‬‫א‬–١٩
‫א‬J ١W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬J ٤K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢K
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٥K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 –٥–

 WEFE١F
EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EF   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
………………………………………KK………………‫א‬ K١
‫א‬……………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K………………K…………
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K………………… K٢
K
‫א‬KK……………K………………‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
KK…………………
‫א‬………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬KK…………………‫א‬K………………
‫א‬KK…………………KK…………………‫ א‬K٥
K…………………

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF   KEF K‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 KEF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFK‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 KEF   K‫א‬EF   K‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥


- ٩٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”
K‫א‬ABC‫א‬‫א‬ ”
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬


- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E٦F‫א‬
 W١J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١J ٦F‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EStorage racksF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EPalletsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،١٢٠C١٢٠٨٠C٥٠
E٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECantilever racksF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣J ٦F
‫א‬‫א‬ERotating CarouselsF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،EBlock StackingF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
Honey F‫א‬EF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ecomb Loss
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬EEaF٤J ٦F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ EEbF٤J ٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬EAS/RSF
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٥‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EPalletsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEAS/RSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
EFEDedicatedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EEOpenF‫א‬‫א‬FERandomizedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EInformation SystemF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫ א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬L
 
 W‫א‬ABC٦J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬ABC
‫א‬،ESingle CriterionF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ABCW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬x‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WA‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WB‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WC‫א‬
KABC‫א‬  E٥J ٦F
‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٥‫א‬٪٢٠A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٥‫א‬٪٣٠B‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬C‫א‬٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ABC
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،A‫א‬‫א‬
 KC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ABC

 W‫א‬‫א‬ABCW
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ABC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٣،٢،١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
A/3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EC/1‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٦
 W‫א‬
 K٪٨٥‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٥‫א‬
٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EAS/RSF‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٥‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
E1/0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٦J ٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EX2 , Y2F‫א‬EX1 , Y1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
 WEDF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

D = lXl – X2 l + l Y l – Y2 l ( ١)
E0 , 0F‫א‬E1/0F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

E٦J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،‫א‬‫א‬EaF،EβbFE∝aF‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EbF
‫א‬EβFE∝F،Ea x bF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،β = 1 , ∝ = 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEE٦J ٦‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Ea x bF‫א‬ K٤
EkF‫א‬‫א‬KEnF‫א‬
W‫א‬
abn ≥ k
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( ∝ a/2 + βb/4) W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
( ∝ a + βb/2)
 W‫א‬‫א‬
( ∝ a/2 + βb / 4) (2.a)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
a.b ≥ k / n (2.b)
 K‫א‬Ea,bF


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬
 ‫א‬EbFEaF‫א‬ K٥
WE2.bF‫א‬‫א‬
A = k / bn
EbF‫א‬،E2.aF‫א‬(a)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∝ k/2nb2 + β/4 = 0 (3)
 W‫א‬E3F
b= (2 ∝ k / βn) (4)

a= (βk / 2 ∝ n) (5)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5FE4F‫א‬
E∝ aF‫א‬،b = 4a∝= 2 β‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬∝= β‫א‬KEβbF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E∝ = 2 βF‫א‬‫א‬
E∝ = βF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٨J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬K١٦٠٠،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
C٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠٠C١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬K٨٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
β = 1 , ∝ = 2 W،E‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K = abnW‫א‬‫א‬
K = 1600 , n=4
K / n = ab 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W
K / n = 400
 WE4F‫א‬
b= (2 ∝ k / βn) (4)

 W
∝ = 2 , β = 1 , (K/n) = 400
 W
b= 4 x 400 = 40
 E5F‫א‬
a= (βk / 2 ∝ n)
 W
a= 100 = 10

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EaF
 K١٠٠C١٠‫א‬Ea = 10F،١٠٠C١٠٠‫א‬
٢C١٠E∝ = 2F‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١C٤٠C١٠٠F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(∝ a/2 + βb/4)
C١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠H١٠F
 K‫א‬E٢٠

- ١٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬WE١J ٦F

- ١٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬WE٢J ٦F

- ١٠٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣J ٦F

- ١١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEEaF٤J ٦F

- ١١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WEEbF٤J ٦F

- ١١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 






EABCF‫א‬WE٥J ٦F

- ١١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

WE٦J ٦F

- ١١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٢K‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ABC •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
D = lx1 – x2l + ly1 – y2l (1)


- ١١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 KEx2 , y2F‫א‬Ex1 , y1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDF


b= (2 ∝ k / βn) (2)

EkF،‫א‬EβbF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EbF
 K‫א‬EnF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


a= (βk / 2∝n) (3)

 K‫א‬E∝aF،‫א‬‫א‬EaF
 W
Β=1 , ∝=2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ٦–

 WEFEFE١F
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 EABCFA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
EF    KB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
EFA = 4 b  ∝ =2β
EF     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
EF    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬K١E٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

،E٦J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬K١٢٠C١٢٠‫א‬،٤٠٠٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 W‫א‬F
β=1, ∝ =2
 E‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٩٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K١
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٩٢E ‫א‬،W‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
K،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

1. Askin G.R. , Standridge C.R., 1993, Modelling and analysis of manufacturing

Systems, John Wiley & Sons , USA.

2. Bedworth D.D. , et al . , 19991 , Computer integrated design and manufacturing ,

International Editions , Singapore .

3. Chang T.C. , et al . , 1998, computer – aided manufacturing , 2nd edition , Prentice

Hall , USA.

4. Eltohami O.A. , 1996 , A Comparison of selected cell formation algorithms : a

simulation – based approach ( Unpublished Ph D Thesis) , Cranfield Universtiy ,
UK.

5. Gallagher C.C, Knight W.A. , 1986, Group technology production methods in

manufacture , Halsted Press : adivision of John Wiley & Sons , UK.

6. Groover M.P., 1980 , Automation , Production Systems , and Computer – aided

manufacturing , Revised edition , Prentice Hall , USA .

7. Groover M.P., 1987 , Automation , Production Systems , and computer – integrated

manufacturing , Prentice Hall , USA .

8. Hitomi K . , 1979 , Mahufacturing Systems engineering , Taylor & Francis Ltd ,

UK.

9. Vollmann T.E , et al . , 1992, Manufacturing Planning and control systems , Third

edition, Richard D. Irwing , USA .

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 ‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٢٠  ………………………………‫א‬ ١J ١
 ٢١ ……………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١
 ٢٢ ……………‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ١
 ٣٥  ……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
 ٣٦  ……………‫א‬٢J ٢
 ٣٧  ……………………‫א‬٣J ٢
 ٣٨  ……………‫א‬٤J ٢
 ٣٨  …………………‫א‬٥J ٢
 ٣٩  ……‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٢
 ٦٥  …………‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣
 ٦٦  ……………………‫א‬٢J ٣
 ٦٧  …………………‫א‬٣J ٣
 ٦٨  ……ESLCAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
 ٦٩  ………‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣
 ٨٥  …EUF١J ٤
 ٨٦  …ERPWF٢J ٤
 ٨٧  ……………‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٤
 ١٠١  …………………………………‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥
 ١٠٢  ………………‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
 ١٠٣  …‫א‬٣J ٥
 ١٠٤  …………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥
 ١٠٥  ……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥
 ١٢٢  …‫א‬١J ٦
 ١٢٣  …………‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
 ١٢٤  ……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٦
‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

 ١٢٥  ……………EaF٤J ٦
 ١٢٦  …………(bF٤J ٦
 ١٢٧  …EABCF‫א‬٥J ٦
 ١٢٨  ……………………٦J ٦

‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 


 ……………………………………………………………‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ١  …………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  ……………………………………………………… ١J ١
 ٢ ………………………………‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١
 ٤ ……………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣J ١
 ٥ ………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٤J ١
 ٧  ………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ١
 ٩ ……………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ١
 ٩ …………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٥J ١
 ١٢ ………………………………………………K ١J ٥J ١
 ١٧  ………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨  ……………………………………………………–١–
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ٢٠  …………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١  ……………………………………………………١J ٢
 ٢٢  ……………………………………‫א‬٢J ٢
 ٢٢  ……………………………………‫א‬١J ٢J ٢
 ٢٢  …………………………………‫א‬٢J ٢J ٢
 ٢٣  …………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٢
 ٢٥  ……‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ٢
 ٢٧  ………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢J ٢
 ٣٣  ………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٤  ……………………………………………………–٢–
‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٥  …………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٦  ……………………………………………………١J ٣
 ٣٧  …………………‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
 ٣٨  ……………………‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٣
 ٣٩  ……‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٣
 ٤٠  ……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٣
 ٤١  …………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣
 ٤٣  ………………………………………‫א‬٤J ٣
 ٤٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٣
  …………………………………………ESLCAF
 ٤٨  ……………EROCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٣
 ٥١  ………………………………………EFMSF‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣
 ٥١  ……………………………‫א‬١J ٥J ٣
 ٥٢  ……………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ٣
 ٥٢  …………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ٣
 ٥٣  …………………………ECIMF‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٣
 ٦١  …………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٣  ………………………………………………………J ٣J 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 ٦٦  …………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٧  ……………………………………………………١J ٤
 ٦٩  …………………………………‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤
 ٧٠  ……………ERPWF‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٤
 ٧١  ERPWF‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٤
 ‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

 ٧٨  ………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٩  ……………………………………………………–٤–
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨١  ………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٢ KK……………………………………………………………١J ٥
 ٨٣  ……………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
 ٨٤  ……………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥
 ٨٥  ……………………………………‫א‬١J ٣J ٥
 ٨٥  ………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٥
 ٨٦  ……………………………‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣J ٥
 ٨٦  ……………EAS/RSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٥
 ٨٧  …………………………E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣J ٥
 ٨٧  ………………………………‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥
 ٨٨  ………………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥
 ٩٤  ………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٥  ……………………………………………………J ٥J 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ٩٧  …………………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٨  ………………………………………………………١J ٦
 ٩٨  …………………………………‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
 ٩٩  …………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٦
 ١٠٠  …………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٦
 ١٠١  ………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٦
 ١٠٢  ……………………………………‫א‬ABC٦J ٦
 ١٠٣  ………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٦
 ‫א‬ ٢٢٥ 
‫א‬ 

 ١٠٤  ……………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٦
 ١٠٦  ……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٨J ٦
 ١١٥  …………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٧  …………………………………………………………–٦–
 ١١٨  …………………………………………………………‫א‬
 ١١٩ ………………………………………………‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS