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True or false :
1) Along the purely competitive firm's demand curve, average revenue is equal to
marginal revenue.
3) The break-even point means that the firm is realizing economic profits.
4) In the short run, a competitive firm will not produce unless price is equal to
average total costs.
5) In the short run, fixed costs are irrelevant in determining a firm's optimal level of
output.
7) If MR > MC for a competitive firm, it should raise its price and increase its level
of output.
9) When firms in a purely competitive industry are earning profits that are greater
than normal, the supply of the product will tend to decrease in the long run.
10) Productive efficiency refers to long-run market conditions where marginal cost is
equal to marginal revenue.
11) In pure competition, resources are optimally allocated when production occurs at
the output level where P=MC.
13) In the short run, a competitive firm shuts down production when TR < TC .
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Multiple choice :
(4) Which is a reason why there is no advertising by individual firms under pure
competition?
A) Firms produce a homogeneous product.
B) The quantity of the product demanded is very large.
C) The market demand curve cannot be increased.
D) Firms do not make long-run profits.
(7 ) Let us suppose that Happy Shrimps cafe has the following revenue and cost
structure:
total revenue 3,000 k.d per week
total variable cost 2,000 k.d per week
total fixed costs 2,000 k.d per week
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A) Happy Shrimps should stay open in the long run.
B) Happy Shrimps should shut down in the short run.
C) Happy Shrimps should stay open in the short run.
D) Happy Shrimps should shut down in the short run but reopen in the
long run.
(8) In a typical graph for a purely competitive firm, where the total cost and total
revenue curves intersect there is a(n):
A) economic profit. B) economic loss.
C) normal profit. D) zero level of output.
(10) A firm sells a product in a purely competitive market. The marginal cost of the
product at the current output of 1,000 units is k.d 2.50. The minimum possible
average variable cost is k.d 2.00. The market price of the product is k.d 2.50. To
maximize profit or minimize losses, the firm should:
A) continue producing 1,000 units.
B) produce less than 1,000 units.
C) produce more than 1,000 units.
D) shut down.
(11) A firm sells a product in a purely competitive market. The marginal cost of the
product at the current output of 800 units is k.d 3.50. The minimum possible average
variable cost is k.d 3.00. The market price of the product is k.d 4.00. To maximize
profit or minimize losses, the firm should:
A) continue producing 800 units.
B) produce less than 800 units.
C) produce more than 800 units.
D) shut down.
(12) A firm sells a product in a purely competitive market. The marginal cost of the
product at the current output of 500 units is k.d 1.50. The minimum possible average
variable cost is k.d 1.00. The market price of the product is k.d 1.25. To maximize
profit or minimize losses, the firm should:
A) continue producing 500 units.
B) produce less than 500 units.
C) produce more than 500 units.
D) shut down.
(13) A firm sells a product in a purely competitive market. The marginal cost of the
product at the current output of 200 units is k.d 4.00. The minimum possible average
variable cost is k.d 3.50. The market price of the product is k.d 3.00. To maximize
profit or minimize losses, the firm should:
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A) continue to produce 500 units.
B) produce less than 500 units.
C) produce more than 500 units.
D) shut down.
(14) Consider the cost chart below for a purely competitive firm. The lowest output
level on this firm's short-run supply curve is:
A) 10 B) 12
C) 16 D) 20
(15) The individual firm's short-run supply curve is that part of its:
A) average total cost curve that is upsloping.
B) average variable cost curve that is upsloping.
C) marginal-cost curve lying above its average variable-cost curve.
D) marginal-cost curve lying above its average total-cost curve.
(16) A purely competitive firm is in short-run equilibrium and its MC exceeds its
ATC. It can be concluded that:
A) firms will leave the industry in the long run.
B) the firm is realizing an economic profit.
C) the firm is realizing a loss.
D) this is an increasing-cost industry.
(17) The profit-maximizing level of output for the firm shown in the diagram below
is:
A) OC
B) OB
C) OA
D) OK
(18) Consider the purely competitive firm in the graph . The firm is earning:
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A) normal profits, since its price is above AVC.
B) economic profits, since its price is above AVC.
C) normal profits, since its price just covers ATC.
D) losses, since it is operating at the shutdown point.
(19) The graph below shows the short-run cost curves for a purely competitive firm
together with a number of different prices. At what price is the firm making only
normal profit?
A) P1
B) P2
C) P3
D) P4
A) shut down.
B) produce with short-run losses.
C) produce with long-run economic profits.
D) produce with short-run economic profits.
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(22) A firm should produce as long as:
(24) Resources are efficiently allocated when production occurs at that output at
which:
Problem sets :
(1) A single firm operating in a perfectly competitive market has the following cost
schedule :
Output MC (k.d)
1 7
2 6
3 5
4 6
5 7
6 8
7 9
8 10
9 11
10 12
11 13
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(a) What is the equilibrium output level given that the market price is k.d 8 .
(b) Calculate VC at equilibrium .
(c) Calculate the firm’s profits ( losses ) at equilibrium given that FC equal
k.d 11 .
(d) Determine the minimum price for the firm to remain in production. What
is the level of production at that price ?
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(2) Assume a single firm in a purely competitive industry has variable costs as
indicated in the following table in column 2. Complete the table and
answer the questions.
(a) At a product price of k.d 52, will this firm produce in the short run? Explain.
What will its profit or loss be?
(b) At a product price of k.d 28, will this firm produce in the short run? Explain.
What will its profit or loss be?
(c) At a product price of k.d 22, will this firm produce in the short run? Explain.
What will its profit or loss be?
(e) Complete the following short-run supply schedule for this firm.
Assume there are 500 identical firms in this industry, that they have
identical cost data as the firm above, and that the industry demand schedule
is as follows:
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(3) Assume that a purely competitive firm has the schedule of average and marginal
costs given in the table below.
(a) In the table below, complete the supply schedule for the competitive firm and
state what the economic profit will be at each price.
(b) If there are 100 firms in the industry and all have the same cost schedule,
complete the market supply schedule in the table below.
Quantity Quantity
demanded Price supplied
500 k.d 580 _____
600 460 _____
700 360 _____
800 280 _____
900 220 _____
1,000 160 _____
1,100 120 _____
Answer the following questions: (1) What will the equilibrium price and quantity of
the product be? (2) What will the profits of each firm be? (3) Will firms tend to
enter or leave the industry in the long run? Explain.
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Essay Questions :
(a) Describe the price, output, and profit situation for the individual firm in
the short run.
(b) Describe what will happen to the individual firm and the industry
in the long run. Show the changes on diagrams A and B.
• How would you describe the demand curve for the purely competitive
firm? For the industry?
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