Chapters 9, 10 and 11 Final Exam Review

Chapters 9-11 Review
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
___ 1. Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

A) recognition; recall
B) imagery; mnemonics
C) rehearsal; retrieval
D) retention; acquisition
E) priming; relearning
___ 2. The process of getting information out of memory is called:

A) priming.
B) encoding.
C) relearning.
D) retrieval.
E) rehearsal.
___ 3. Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) implicit
C) mood-congruent
D) explicit
E) automatic
___ 4. A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.

A) iconic
B) implicit
C) echoic
D) long-term
E) short-term
___ 5. The process of getting information into memory is called:

A) priming.
B) chunking.
C) encoding.
D) registering.
E) storage.
___ 6. The process of retrieval refers to:

A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the organization of information into manageable units.
C) getting information out of memory storage.
D) conscious repetition of information to be remembered.
E) the identification of information previously learned.
Page 1
___ 7. The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________
memory.
A) sensory
B) state-dependent
C) long-term
D) flashbulb
E) implicit
___ 8. Students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester than
from a course that is completed in an intensive three-week learning period. This best
illustrates the importance of:
A) long-term potentiation.
B) the serial position effect.
C) automatic processing.
D) implicit memory.
E) the spacing effect.
___ 9. The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of:
A) rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) visual imagery.
D) automatic processing.
E) flashbulb memory.
___ 10. The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle
items is known as the ________ effect.
A) serial position
B) misinformation
C) next-in-line
D) priming
E) spacing
___ 11. The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the
names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of
these particular names best illustrates the benefits of:
A) automatic processing.
B) the next-in-line effect.
C) rehearsal.
D) flashbulb memory.
E) the method of loci.
___ 12. As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize themselves
moving through familiar locations. They were making use of:
A) the serial position effect.
B) the next-in-line effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) the method of loci.
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___ 13. Developed by the ancient Greeks, the method of loci is an illustration of:
A) the spacing effect.
B) a mnemonic device.
C) flashbulb memory.
D) automatic processing.
E) the serial position effect.
___ 14. In order to remember a list of the school supplies she needs, Marcy mentally visualizes each
item at a certain location in her house. Marcy's tactic best illustrates the use of:
A) iconic memory.
B) state-dependent memory.
C) the serial position effect.
D) the method of loci.
___ 15. Mnemonic devices such as the “peg-word” system make effective use of:
A) flashbulb memory.
B) visual imagery.
C) state-dependent memory.
D) the serial position effect.
E) implicit memory.
___ 16. Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?
A) suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the checkout line at the grocery
store
B) recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook
snapshot
C) remembering to make an important phone call
D) remembering what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed
planes into the World Trade Center towers
___ 17. Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called:
A) heuristics.
B) semantics.
C) prototypes.
D) algorithms.
E) fixations.
___ 18. Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one
that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
A) belief perseverance.
B) an algorithm.
C) the representativeness heuristic.
D) the availability heuristic.
E) functional fixedness.
Page 3
___ 19. At 17 months of age, Julie says “wada” whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most
likely in the ________ stage of language development.
A) semantic
B) babbling
C) one-word
D) telegraphic speech
E) phonetic
___ 20. At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her.
Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.
A) syntactic
B) babbling
C) telegraphic speech
D) semantic
E) one-word
___ 21. English-speaking children learn to put the object of a sentence last, whereas Japanese-
speaking children put the object before the verb. Chomsky suggests that this illustrates a
difference in the two languages':
A) process simulation.
B) language acquisition device.
C) universal grammar.
D) surface structure.
E) deep structure.
___ 22. Rudy is 6 feet 6 inches tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy
is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer, you are a victim of:
A) belief bias.
B) mental set.
C) functional fixedness.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
___ 23. You hear that one of the Smith children is an outstanding Little League player and
immediately conclude it's their one son rather than any of their four daughters. You reached
your quite possibly erroneous conclusion as the result of:
A) the confirmation bias.
B) the availability heuristic.
D) belief perseverance.
___ 24. Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people
overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people's decisions are being
influenced by:
A) belief bias.
B) the availability heuristic.
D) functional fixedness.
Page 4
___ 25. Spearman's g factor refers to:
A) the internal consistency of an intelligence test.
B) the genetic contribution to intelligence.
C) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
D) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded person.
E) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.
___ 26. Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in
order to measure the ________ of a test.
A) validity
B) reliability
C) standardization
D) normal distribution
E) factor analysis
___ 27. A test is reliable if it:

A) measures what it claims to measure or predicts what it is supposed to predict.
B) yields dependably consistent scores.
C) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the
test.
D) samples the behavior that is being assessed.
E) produces a normal distribution of scores.
___ 28. A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:
A) validity.
B) standardization.
C) reliability.
D) the g factor.
E) factor analysis.
___ 29. Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult
________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ________ test.
A) math problem solving; verbal fluency
B) verbal fluency; math problem solving
C) spatial abilities; athletic abilities
D) athletic abilities; spatial abilities
___ 30. Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men.
This best illustrates the impact of:
A) the Flynn effect.
B) savant syndrome.
C) standardization.
D) emotional intelligence.
E) stereotype threat.
Page 5
___ 31. Which of the following is not a requirement of a good test?
A) reliability
B) standardization
C) reification
D) validity
___ 32. The concept of a g factor implies that intelligence:

A) is a single overall ability.
B) is several specific abilities.
C) cannot be defined or measured.
D) is both a. and c.
___ 33. A 6-year-old child has a mental age of 9. The child's IQ is:
A) 96.
B) 100.
C) 125.
D) 150.
___ 34. Standardization refers to the process of:

A) determining the accuracy with which a test measures what it is supposed to.
B) defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group.
C) determining the consistency of test scores obtained by retesting people.
D) measuring the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.
___ 35. Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually
identical scores. This suggests that the test has:
A) high content validity.
B) high reliability.
C) high predictive validity.
D) been standardized.
___ 36. If a test designed to indicate which applicants are likely to perform the best on the job fails to
do so, the test has:
A) low reliability.
B) low content validity.
C) low predictive validity.
D) not been standardized.
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Answer Key
1. D
retention; acquisition
Origin: Chapter 9- Multiple Choice, 2
Level: Medium
Page: 351
2. D
retrieval.
Level: Easy
Page: 351
3. A
short-term
Level: Easy
Page: 351
4. D
long-term
Level: Difficult
Page: 351
5. C
encoding.
Level: Easy
Page: 351
6. C
getting information out of memory storage.
Level: Easy
Page: 351
7. C
long-term
Level: Easy
Page: 351
8. E
the spacing effect.
Level: Medium
Page: 355
9. A
rehearsal.
Level: Medium
Page: 356
10. A
serial position
Page 7
Level: Easy
Page: 356
11. C
rehearsal.
Level: Difficult
Page: 356
12. D
the method of loci.
Level: Easy
Page: 358
13. B
a mnemonic device.
Level: Medium
Page: 358
14. D
the method of loci.
Level: Medium
Page: 358
15. B
visual imagery.
Level: Medium
Page: 359
16. D
remembering what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes
into the World Trade Center towers
Origin: Chapter 9- Study Guide, 3
Page: 351
17. D
algorithms.
Level: Easy
Page: 397
18. B
an algorithm.
Level: Medium
Page: 397
19. C
one-word
Level: Medium
Page: 413
20. E
one-word
Page 8
Level: Medium
Page: 413
21. D
surface structure.
Level: Medium
Page: 414-415
22. D
the representativeness heuristic.
Page: 401
23. C
the representativeness heuristic.
Page: 401
24. B
the availability heuristic.
Page: 402
25. C
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
Level: Easy
Page: 432
26. B
reliability
Level: Medium
Page: 448
27. B
yields dependably consistent scores.
Level: Easy
Page: 448
28. A
validity.
Level: Easy
Page: 448
29. A
math problem solving; verbal fluency
Origin: Chapter 11- Web Quiz 1, 15
Page: 462-463
30. E
stereotype threat.
Origin: Chapter 11- Web Quiz 2, 15
Page: 465
31. C
reification
Page 9
Page: 431
32. A
is a single overall ability.
Page: 432
33. D
150.
Page: 444
34. B
defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group.
Page: 446
35. B
high reliability.
Page: 448
36. C
low predictive validity.
Page: 448
Page 10

Chapters 9, 10 and 11 Final Exam Review

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Chapters 9, 10 and 11 Final Exam Review

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Chapters 9-11 Review

Name: ______________ Date: _

_ 1. Storage is to encoding as is to __.

___ 2. The process of getting information out of memory is called:

_ 4. A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ______ memory.

___ 5. The process of getting information into memory is called:

___ 6. The process of retrieval refers to:

___ 27. A test is reliable if it:

___ 32. The concept of a g factor implies that intelligence:

___ 34. Standardization refers to the process of:

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