INTRODUCTION

Circuit switching is a telecommunications technology by which two

network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel (circuit)
connecting them for the duration of the communication session before
the nodes may communicate. The circuit functions as if the nodes were
physically connected with an electrical circuit.

The bit delay is constant during a connection, as opposed to packet

switching, where packet queues may cause varying packet transfer
delay. Each circuit cannot be used by other callers until the circuit is
released and a new connection is set up. Even if no actual
communication is taking place in a dedicated circuit that channel
remains unavailable to other users. Channels that are available for new
calls to be set up are said to be idle.

here is a common misunderstanding that circuit switching is used only

for connecting voice circuits (analog or digital). The concept of a
dedicated path persisting between two communicating parties or nodes
can be extended to signal content other than voice. Its advantage is
that it provides for non-stop transfer without requiring packets and
without most of the overhead traffic usually needed, making maximal
and optimal use of available bandwidth for that communication. The
disadvantage of inflexibility tends to reserve it for specialized
applications, particularly with the overwhelming proliferation of
internet-related technology.
 CONTENTS
 What is circuit switching…
 A simple switching network…
 Concepts of circuit switching…
 Type of circuit switching…
 Exaple of curcuit switching..
 Refference
 Curcuit switching
• Seeking out and establishing a physical copper path from end-to-
end [historic definition .

• Circuit switching implies the need to first set up a dedicated, end-

to-end path for the connection before the information transfer
takes place.

• Once the connection is made the only delay is propagation time.

Simple Switched Network

• Dedicated communication path between two stations

• Three phases

– Establish:establish a connection.

– Transfer:transferring data.

– Disconnect:disconnect after transferring.

• Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to establish

connection
 • Must have intelligence to work out routing

Concept of circuit switching

The call: For call setup and control (and other administrative
purposes), it is possible to use a separate dedicated signalling channel
from the end node to the network. ISDN is one such service that uses a
separate signalling channel while Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
does not.

The method of establishing the connection and monitoring its progress

and termination through the network may also utilize a separate
control channel as in the case of links between telephone exchanges
which use CCS7 packet-switched signalling protocol to communicate
the call setup and control information and use TDM to transport the
actual circuit data.

Digital Switch: Provide transparent signal path between

devices

Network Interface: provide interface.

Control Unit
– Establish connections

• Generally on demand
 • Handle and acknowledge requests

• Determine if destination is free

• construct path

– Maintain connection

– Disconnect

Blocking or Non-blocking
• Blocking

– A network is unable to connect stations because all paths

are in use

– A blocking network allows this

– Used on voice systems

• Short duration calls

• Non-blocking

– Permits all stations to connect (in pairs) at once

– Used for some data connections

Type of circuit switching

Space Division Switching
• Developed for analog environment
• Separate physical paths

• Crossbar switch

– Number of crosspoints grows as square of number of stations

– Loss of crosspoint prevents connection

– Inefficient use of crosspoints

• All stations connected, only a few crosspoints in use

– Non-blocking
Multistage Switch
• Reduced number of crosspoints

• More than one path through network

– Increased reliability

• More complex control

• May be blocking
 Three Stage Space Division Switch

Time Division Switching

• Modern digital systems rely on intelligent control of space and
time division elements

• Use digital time division techniques to set up and maintain virtual

circuits

• Partition low speed bit stream into pieces that share higher speed
stream
Example of circuit switched network
• Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
• ISDN B-channel
• Circuit Switched Data (CSD) and High-Speed Circuit-Switched
Data (HSCSD) service in cellular systems such as GSM
• Datakit
• X.21 (Used in the German DATEX-L and Scandinavian DATEX
circuit switched data network)
• DisplayPort
Reference
www.wikipedia .com

www.scbrid.com