EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Architecture is defined as the art and science of designing buildings and structures. It is
often considered a form of art and science due to the massive amount of technical knowledge
required to implement a design that has been created from nothing. A very important part of
modern architecture is that it is not merely a visual art form. Complete architecture takes into
account the entire human senses as well as the environment around the structure, and
management of power, water and other utilities. There is also a common concept among
architects that the art cannot exist in a vacuum and that it must have context, surroundings and
contrasts to be complete
                  Architecture was born out of a combination of needs, such as shelter, security and
worship and means, mainly the local building materials and physical ability. Early architecture
was mainly vernacular architecture, a special type of architecture which is based around local
needs and means. As it evolved the classic civilizations were born and great time and effort put
into crafting areas of religious or political significance and even back in these times architecture
was more than just a visual product. The roman Coliseum was designed so that all of the
thousands of crowd members could see and hear the action at the center and the way it amplifies
sound was no accident.
As time passed architecture developed more and more with medieval structures like the
castle and fort proving architecture had a place on the battle field as w ell as he city floor. During
this period architects, especially in Europe, began to form guilds (as many craftsmen did then).
These guilds were design to help architects work together and achieve more monumental things,
a practice that is still in society today in the form of architect partnerships.
In the renaissance architecture became a very personal affair and moved quickly away
from war and religion. Many famous architects are from this period as this marked the start of
buildings recognizing their architects with individuals such as Palladio and Brunelleschi going
down in history.
                  This paper in the introductory sections, explains the aspects of architecture, and
historic treatises, and .It also discusses the modern concepts of architecture, architecture in the
early modern and the industrial age, cultural influence throughout the history. The renaissance of
the architect, modernism and reaction of architect are also addressed in this report.