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Figure 1 shows the proposed structure of the antenna and the design parameters.
The design parameters define the operation and the performance of the antenna. The operating frequency determines the size
of the patch antenna: W L = 0.4 , while truncation t / W, as well as vertical height of the ground plane, the axial ratio. The
ground plane size controls the gain of the antenna while the distance between ground plane and the patch affects the
bandwidth. On the other hand, the size of the feed gap influences the impedance matching. The geometry was drawn and the
parameters of the antenna optimized through simulations performed in CST MWS. Figure 2 whows the CST MWS model of
the patch antenna, the final design parameters and the manufactured antenna.
The measurements were made and compared with the simulations. The plots of the reflection coefficient and the gain are
shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the measurement results agree with the simulations very well.
Figure 3: Comparison results between measured and simulated values. All simulations were performed in CST
MWS.
The patch antenna was further miniaturized by placing dielectric material between the patch and the ground. The simulated
and consequently fabricated miniaturized antenna can be seen in Figure 4 with the final design parameters.
The simulations are compared to the measurements in Figure 5. It can be seen that with the dielectric between patch and the
ground, the better resonance at frequency of 900 MHz can be achieved.
Figure 5: Simulation and measurement results for the antenna with dielectric.
As the last step the gain was increased via designing 2-Element SFADP Array. First, the distance between elements was
optimized using CST MWS in order to obtain maximum gain. After that the feeding network and power divider circuit (Figure 6)
were designed.
The antenna array was manufactured and measured. The comparison plots between measurements and simulations can be
seen in Figure 7 and 8.
In this article three RFID reader antennas were designed using CST MWS. Measurements of the fabricated antennas show
good agreement with simulated results.