WORLD COUNTRIES - CAPITALS

1. Afghanistan – Kabul

2. Albania - Tirane

3. Algeria - Algiers

4. Andorra - Andorra la Vella

5. Angola - Luanda

6. Antigua and Barbuda - Saint John's

7. Argentina - Buenos Aires

8. Armenia - Yerevan

9. Australia - Canberra

10. Austria - Vienna

11. Azerbaijan - Baku

12. The Bahamas - Nassau

13. Bahrain - Manama

14. Bangladesh - Dhaka

15. Barbados - Bridgetown

16. Belarus - Minsk

17. Belgium - Brussels

18. Belize - Belmopan

19. Benin - Porto-Novo

20. Bhutan - Thimphu

21. Bolivia - La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)

22. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo

23. Botswana - Gaborone

24. Brazil - Brasilia

25. Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan

26. Bulgaria - Sofia

27. Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou

28. Burundi - Bujumbura

29. Cambodia - Phnom Penh

30. Cameroon - Yaounde

31. Canada - Ottawa

32. Cape Verde - Praia

33. Central African Republic - Bangui

34. Chad - N'Djamena

35. Chile - Santiago

36. China - Beijing

37. Colombia - Bogota

38. Comoros - Moroni

39. Congo, Republic of the - Brazzaville

40. Congo, Democratic Republic of the - Kinshasa

41. Costa Rica - San Jose

42. Cote d'Ivoire - Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)

43. Croatia - Zagreb

44. Cuba - Havana

45. Cyprus - Nicosia

46. Czech Republic - Prague

47. Denmark - Copenhagen

48. Djibouti - Djibouti

49. Dominica - Roseau

50. Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo

51. East Timor (Timor-Leste) - Dili

52. Ecuador - Quito

53. Egypt - Cairo

54. El Salvador - San Salvador

55. Equatorial Guinea - Malabo

56. Eritrea - Asmara

57. Estonia - Tallinn

58. Ethiopia - Addis Ababa

59. Fiji - Suva

60. Finland - Helsinki

61. France - Paris

62. Gabon - Libreville

63. The Gambia - Banjul

64. Georgia - Tbilisi

65. Germany - Berlin

66. Ghana - Accra

67. Greece - Athens

68. Grenada - Saint George's

69. Guatemala - Guatemala City

70. Guinea - Conakry

71. Guinea-Bissau - Bissau

72. Guyana - Georgetown

73. Haiti - Port-au-Prince

74. Honduras - Tegucigalpa

75. Hungary - Budapest

76. Iceland - Reykjavik

77. India - New Delhi

78. Indonesia - Jakarta

79. Iran - Tehran

80. Iraq - Baghdad

81. Ireland - Dublin

82. Israel - Jerusalem

83. Italy - Rome

84. Jamaica - Kingston

85. Japan - Tokyo

86. Jordan - Amman

87. Kazakhstan - Astana

88. Kenya - Nairobi

89. Kiribati - Tarawa Atoll

90. Korea, North - Pyongyang

91. Korea, South - Seoul

92. Kosovo - Pristina

93. Kuwait - Kuwait City

94. Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek

95. Laos - Vientiane

96. Latvia - Riga

97. Lebanon - Beirut

98. Lesotho - Maseru

99. Liberia – Monrovia

100. Libya – Tripoli

101. Liechtenstein – Vaduz

102. Lithuania – Vilnius

103. Luxembourg – Luxembourg

104. Macedonia – Skopje

105. Madagascar – Antananarivo

106. Malawi – Lilongwe

107. Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur

108. Maldives – Male

109. Mali – Bamako

110. Malta – Valletta

111. Marshall Islands – Majuro

112. Mauritania – Nouakchott

113. Mauritius - Port Louis

114. Mexico - Mexico City

115. Micronesia, Federated States of – Palikir

116. Moldova – Chisinau

117. Monaco – Monaco

118. Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar

119. Montenegro – Podgorica

120. Morocco – Rabat

121. Mozambique – Maputo

122. Myanmar (Burma) - Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw

administrative)

123. Namibia – Windhoek

124. Nauru - no official capital; government offices in Yaren District

125. Nepal – Kathmandu

126. Netherlands - Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)

127. New Zealand – Wellington

128. Nicaragua – Managua

129. Niger – Niamey

130. Nigeria – Abuja

131. Norway – Oslo

132. Oman – Muscat

133. Pakistan – Islamabad

134. Palau – Melekeok

135. Panama - Panama City

136. Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby

137. Paraguay – Asuncion

138. Peru – Lima

139. Philippines – Manila

140. Poland – Warsaw

141. Portugal - Lisbon

142. Qatar – Doha

143. Romania – Bucharest

144. Russia – Moscow

145. Rwanda – Kigali

146. Saint Kitts and Nevis – Basseterre

147. Saint Lucia – Castries

148. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Kingstown

149. Samoa – Apia

150. San Marino - San Marino

151. Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome

152. Saudi Arabia – Riyadh

153. Senegal – Dakar

154. Serbia – Belgrade

155. Seychelles – Victoria

156. Sierra Leone – Freetown

157. Singapore – Singapore

158. Slovakia – Bratislava

159. Slovenia – Ljubljana

160. Solomon Islands – Honiara

161. Somalia - Mogadishu

162. South Africa - Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative);

163. Spain – Madrid

164. Sri Lanka - Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)

165. Sudan – Khartoum

166. Suriname – Paramaribo

167. Swaziland – Mbabane

168. Sweden – Stockholm

169. Switzerland – Bern

170. Syria - Damascus

171. Taiwan – Taipei

172. Tajikistan – Dushanbe

173. Tanzania - Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)

174. Thailand – Bangkok

175. Togo – Lome

176. Tonga - Nuku'alofa

177. Trinidad and Tobago - Port-of-Spain

178. Tunisia – Tunis

179. Turkey - Ankara

180. Turkmenistan – Ashgabat

181. Tuvalu - Vaiaku village, Funafuti province

182. Uganda – Kampala

183. Ukraine – Kyiv

184. United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi

185. United Kingdom – London

186. United States of America - Washington D.C.

187. Uruguay – Montevideo

188. Uzbekistan – Tashkent

189. Vanuatu - Port-Vila

190. Vatican City (Holy See) - Vatican City

191. Venezuela – Caracas

192. Vietnam – Hanoi

193. Yemen – Sanaa

194. Zambia – Lusaka

195. Zimbabwe – Harare

BHARATH RATNA AWARD WINNERS
1Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) -1954 Last Governor-General, Freedom
Fighter. Tamil Nadu

2. Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) -1954 Second President, First Vice

President, Philosopher. Tamil Nadu

3. Sir C. V. Raman (1888–1970) -1954 Nobel-prize winning Physicist Tamil Nadu

4. Bhagwan Das (1869–1958) -1955 Literature, Freedom Fighter Uttar Pradesh

5. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya (1861–1962) -1955 Civil Engineer, Dam

Architect, Diwan of Princely state of Mysore Karnataka

6. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) -1955 First Prime Minister, Freedom Fighter,

Author. Uttar Pradesh

7. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887–1961) -1957 Freedom Fighter, Home Minister Uttar
Pradesh (now Uttarakhand)

8. Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858–1962) -1958 Educationist, Social Reformer,

Awarded in his birth centenary year. Maharashtra

9. Dr. B. C. Roy (1882–1962) -1961 Physician, Politician, Former Chief Minister of

West Bengal West Bengal

10. Purushottam Das Tandon (1882–1962) -1961 Freedom Fighter, Educationist

Uttar Pradesh
11. Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963) -1962 First President, Freedom Fighter, Jurist
Bihar

12. Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897–1969) -1963 Former President, Scholar. Andhra
Pradesh

13. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880–1972) -1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
Maharashtra

14. Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904–1966) -1966 Posthumous, Second Prime Minister,
Freedom Fighter Uttar Pradesh

15. Indira Gandhi (1917–1984) -1971 Former Prime Minister Uttar Pradesh

16. V. V. Giri (1894–1980) -1975 Former President, Trade Unionist. Orissa

17. K. Kamaraj (1903–1975) -1976 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, Chief Minister-

Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu

18. Mother Teresa (1910–1997) -1980 Nobel Laureate (Peace, 1979). Republic of
Macedonia

19. Acharya Vinoba Bhave (1895–1982) 1983 Posthumous, Social Reformer,

Freedom Fighter. Maharashtra

20. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890–1988) -1987 First non-citizen, Freedom
Fighter. Pakistan

21. M. G. Ramachandran (1917–1987) -1988 Posthumous, Chief Minister-Tamil

Nadu, Actor. Sri Lanka
22. B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) -1990 Posthumous, Architect-Indian
Constitution,Social Reformer, Economist and Scholar Maharashtra

23. Nelson Mandela b. (1918) -1990 Second non-citizen and first non-Indian, Leader
of Anti-Apartheid movement. South Africa

24. Rajiv Gandhi (1944–1991) -1991 Posthumous, Former Prime Minister New Delhi

25. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950) -1991 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter,

First Home Minister of India. Gujarat

26. Morarji Desai (1896–1995) -1991 Former Prime Minister, Freedom Fighter.
Gujarat

27. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958) -1992 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter,
First Education Minister of India West Bengal

28. J. R. D. Tata (1904–1993) -1992 Industrialist and philanthropist. Maharashtra

29. Satyajit Ray (1922–1992) -1992 Film Director ,Oscar winner West Bengal

30. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam B. (1931) -1997 Former President, Scientist. Tamil Nadu 31.
Gulzarilal Nanda 1898–1998 1997 Freedom Fighter, former Prime Minister. Punjab

32. Aruna Asaf Ali (1908–1996) -1997 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter. West Bengal

33. M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916–2004) -1998 Carnatic music vocalist. Tamil Nadu

34. Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910–2000) -1998 Freedom Fighter, Minister of
Agriculture (Father of Green revolution). Tamil Nadu

35. Jayaprakash Narayan (1902–1979) -1998 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, Social

Reformer. Bihar

36. Pandit Ravi Shankar B. (1920) -1999 Classical sitar player. Uttar Pradesh

37. Amartya Sen B. (1933) -1999 Nobel Laureate (Economics, 1998), Economist.
West Bengal

38. Gopinath Bordoloi (1890–1950) -1999 Posthumous, freedom fighter Assam

39. Lata Mangeshkar B. (1929) -2001 Play back singer. Maharashtra

40. Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) -2001 Classical Shehnai Maestro Bihar

41. Pandit Bhimsen Joshi B. (1922) -2008 Hindustani classical vocalist Karnataka
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN INDIA

1. Rabindranath Tagore
- Nobel Prize for Literature -- (1913)

2. Sir C.V. Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman)

- Nobel Prize for Physics -- (1930)

3. Dr. Hargobind Khorana

- Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology -- (1968)

4. Dr. Subramaniam Chandrasekar

- Nobel Prize for physics -- (1983)

5. Mother Teresa
- Nobel Prize for peace -- (1979)

6. Dr. Amartya Sen

- Nobel Prize for Economics -- (1998)

Other Nobel Prize Laureates related to India

7. Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

- Nobel Prize for Literature -- (1901)

8. V.S. Naipaul (1932- )

- Nobel Prize for Literature -- (2001)
 INDIAN STATES

States Capital Languages

1. Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad Telugu and Urdu

Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen,

2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanager
Tagin,Adi, Honpa, Bangini-Nishi.

3. Assam Dispur Assamese

4. Bihar Patna Hindi

5. Chhattisgarh Raipur Hindi

6. Goa Panaji Marathi and Konkani

7. Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarati

8. Haryana Chandigarh Hindi

9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla Hindi and Pahari

10. Mizoram Aizawl Mizo and English

Srinagar (Summer) Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi,

11. Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu (Winter) Pahari,Punjabi and Dadri
 Hindi
12. Jharkhand Ranchi

13. Karnataka Bangalore Kannda

14. Kerala Trivandrum Malayalam

15. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Hindi

16. Maharashtra Bombay

Marathi

17. Manipur Imphal Manipuri

18. Meghalaya Shillong Khasi, Jaintia and Garo

19. Nagaland Kohima Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema and Lotha

20. Orissa Bhubaneswar Oriya

21. Punjab Chandigarh Punjabi

22. Rajasthan Jaipur Rajasthani and Hindi

23. Sikkim Gangtok Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu

Tamil
24. Tamil Nadu Chennai
 Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
25. Tripura Agartala

26. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Hindi

27. Uttaranchal Dehra Dun Hindi

28. West Bengal Calcutta Bengali

 OLYMPIC GAMES (1896-2012)
Countries securing first, second and
S. No. Year Place and Host Country
third positions

1. 1896 Athens, Greece USA, Greece, Germany

2. 1900 Paris, France France, USA, UK

3. 1904 St. Louis, U.S.A. USA, Cuba, Germany

4. 1908 London, U.K. UK, USA, Sweden

5. 1912 Stockholm, Sweden USA, Sweden, UK

6. 1916 Berlin, Germany Abandoned due to World War-I

7. 1920 Antwerp, Belgium USA, Sweden, UK

8. 1924 Paris, France USA, Finland, France

9. 1928 Amsterdam, Netherland USA, Germany, Finland

10. 1932 Los Angles, USA USA, Italy, France

11. 1936 Berlin, Germany Germany, USA, Hungary

12. 1940 Helsinki, Finland Abandoned due to World War-II

Abandoned due to World War-II

13. 1944 London, U.K.
14. 1948 London, U.K. USA, Sweden, France

15. 1952 Helsinki, Finland USA, USSR, Hungary

16. 1956 Melbourne, Australia USSR, USA, Australia

17. 1960 Rome, Italy USSR, USA, Italy

18. 1964 Tokyo, Japan USA, USSR, Japan

19. 1968 Mexico City, Mexico USA, USSR, Japan

20. 1972 Munich, W. Germany USSR, USA, East Germany

21. 1976 Montreal, Canada USSR, East Germany, USA

22. 1980 Moscow, Russia USSR, East Germany, Bulgaria

23. 1984 Los Angles, U.S.A. USA, Rumania, West Germany

24. 1988 Seoul, S. Korea USSR, East Germany, USA

25. 1992 Barcelona, Spain CIS, USA, Germany

26. 1996 Atlanta, U.S.A. USA, Russia, Germany

27. 2000 Sydney, Australia
USA, Russia, Germany

28. 2004 Athens, Greece USA, China, Russia

29. 2008 Beijing, China China,USA,Britain

30. 2012 London (UK) Scheduled

 India's Olympic medal winners
Medal Name Olympics Sport Event
Men's 200 metres
Silver Norman Pritchard 1900 Paris Athletics

Men's 200 metres hurdles

Silver Norman Pritchard 1900 Paris Athletics

Men's competition
Gold National team 1928 Amsterdam Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1932 Los Angeles Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1936 Berlin Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1948 London Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1952 Helsinki Field hockey

Men's freestyle
Khashaba Dadasaheb
Bronze 1952 Helsinki Wrestling bantamweight
Jadhav

Men's competition
Gold National team 1956 Melbourne Field hockey

Men's competition
Silver National team 1960 Rome Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1964 Tokyo Field hockey

Men's competition
Bronze National team 1968 Mexico Field hockey

Men's competition
Bronze National team 1972 Munich Field hockey

Men's competition
Gold National team 1980 Moscow Field hockey

Men's singles
Bronze Leander Paes 1996 Atlanta Tennis

Women's 69 kg
Bronze Karnam Malleswari 2000 Sydney Weightlifting

Rajyavardhan Singh
Silver 2004 Athens Shooting Men's double trap
Rathore
Men's 10m Air Rifle
Gold Abhinav Bindra 2008 Beijing Shooting
 BOOKER PRIZE WINNERS INDIA

YEAR AUTHOR TITLE

1981 Salman Rushdie Midnight's Childre

1997 Arundhati Roy The God of Small Things

2006 Kiran Desai The Inheritance of Loss

2008 Aravind Adiga The White Tiger

Prime Ministers of India

Jawahar Lal Nehru

15.08.1947 27.05.1964

Gulzari Lal Nanda 27.05.1964 09.06.1964

Lal Bahadur Shastri 09.06.1964 11.01.1966

Gulzari Lal Nanda 11.01.1966 24.01.1966

Indira Gandhi 24.01.1966 24.03.1977

24.03.1977 28.07.1979
Morarji Desai

Charan Singh
28.07.1979 14.01.1980

Indira Gandhi 14.01.1980 31.10.1984

Rajiv Gandhi 31.10.1984 01.12.1989

V.P.Singh 02.12.1989 10.11.1990

Chandra Shekhar 10.11.1990 21.06.1991

P.V.Narsimha Rao 21.06.1991 16.05.1996

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 16.05.1996 01.06.1996

H.D. Deve Gowda 01.06.1996 21.04.1997

I.K.Gujral 21.04.1997 18.03.1998

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19.03.1998 12.10.1999

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 13.10.1999 21.05.2004

Dr.Manmohan Singh 22.05.2004 Till Date

 Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh

# Name Took office Left office Party Birthplace

1 Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu 1 Oct 1953 15 Nov 1954 INC Guntur

2 Bezawada Gopala Reddy 28 Mar 1955 1 Nov 1956 INC Vijayawada

3 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1 Nov 1956 11 Jan 1960 INC Anantapur

4 Damodaram Sanjivayya 11 Jan 1960 12 Mar 1962 INC Kurnool

- 12 Mar 1962 29 Feb 1964 INC Anantapur

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

5 Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 29 Feb 1964 30 Sep 1971 INC Guntur

Pamulaparthi Venkata
6 30 Sep 1971 10 Jan 1973 INC Karimnagar
Narasimha Rao

7 Jalagam Vengala Rao 10 Dec 1973 6 Mar 1978 INC Khammam

8 Marri Chenna Reddy 6 Ma 1978 11 Oct 1980 INC Hyderabad

9 Tanguturi Anjaiah 11 Oct 1980 24 Feb 1982 INC

10 Bhavanam Venkataram Reddy 24 Feb 1982 20 Sep 1982 INC Guntur

11 Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy 20 Sep 1982 9 Jan 1983 INC Kurnool

12
 Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao 9 Jan 1983 16 Aug 1984 TDP Krishna

13 16 Aug 1984 16 Sep 1984 TDP Guntur

Nadendla Bhaskara Rao

- Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao 16 Sept 1984 2 Dec 1989 TDP Krishna

- Marri Chenna Reddy 03 Dec 1989 17 Decr 1990 INC Hyderabad

Nedurumalli Janardhana
14 17 Dec 1990 09 Oct 1992 INC Nellore
Reddy

- Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy 09 Oct 1992 12 Dec 1994 INC Kurnool

- Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao 12 Dec 1994 01 Sep 1995 TDP Krishna

15 Nara Chandrababu Naidu 01 Sep 1995 14 May 2004 TDP Chittoor

Yeduguri Sandinti
16 14 May 2004 Incumbent INC Kadapa
Rajasekhara Reddy
 List of Presidents of India

1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad January 30, 1950 to May 13, 1962

2. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962 to May 13, 1967

3. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1967 to May 3, 1969

4. Varahagiri Venkata Giri May 3, 1969 to July 20, 1969

5. Muhammad Hidayatullah July 20, 1969 to August 24, 1969

6. Varahagiri Venkata Giri August 24, 1969 to August 24, 1974

7. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed August 24, 1974 to February 11, 1977

8. Basappa Danappa Jatti February 11, 1977 to July 25, 1977

9. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy July 25, 1977 to July 25, 1982

10. Giani Zail Singh July 25, 1982 to July 25, 1987

11. Ramaswamy Venkataraman July 25, 1987 to July 25, 1992

Shankar Dayal Sharma July 25, 1992 to July 25, 1997

12.
 Kocheril Raman
13. July 25, 1997 to July 25, 2002
Narayanan

14. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam July 25, 2002 to July 25, 2007

15. Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil July 25, 2007 to till date

Miss universe
2000 Lara Dutta India
1994 Sushmita Sen India

Miss world

2000 Priyanka Chopra India

1999 Yukta Mookhey India
1997 Diana Hayden India
1994 Aishwarya Rai India
1966 Reita Faria India
List of Stock Exchanges In India
1. Bombay Stock Exchange

2. National Stock Exchange

3. Regional Stock Exchanges

4. Ahmedabad Stock Exchange

5. Bangalore Stock Exchange

6. Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange

7. Calcutta Stock Exchange

8. Cochin Stock Exchange

9. Coimbatore Stock Exchange

10. Delhi Stock Exchange

11. Guwahati Stock Exchange

12. Hyderabad Stock Exchange

13. Jaipur Stock Exchange

14. Ludhiana Stock Exchange

15. Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange

16. Madras Stock Exchange

17. Magadh Stock Exchange

18. Mangalore Stock Exchange

19. Meerut Stock Exchange

20. OTC Exchange Of India

21. Pune Stock Exchange

22. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange

23. Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange

24. Vadodara Stock Exchange

 State Political Parties In INDIA
State Parties Party State Parties Party Symbol
Symbol

All India Anna Dravida All India Forward Bloc

Munnetra Kazhagam

All India Trinamool Arunachal Congress

Congress

Asom Gana Parisad Autonomous State

Demand Committee

Biju Janata Dal Dravida Munnetra

Kazhagam

Federal Party of Manipur Goa Rajiv Congress Party

Haryana Vikas Party Hill State People's

Democratic Party

Himachal Vikas Congress Indian National Lok Dal

Jammu & Kashmir Janata Party

National Conference

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Kerala Congress

Kerala Congress (M) Lok Shakti

Maharashtrawadi Manipur People's Party

Gomantak

Manipur State Congress Marumalarchi Dravida

Party Munnetra Kazhagam

Mizo National Front Mizo National Front

(Nationalist)

Mizoram People's Muslim League Kerala

Conference State Committee

Nationalist Congress NTR Telugu Desam Party

Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)

Pattali Makkal Katchi People's Democratic

Movement

Rashtriya Janata Dal Republican Party of India

Revolutionary Socialist Samajwadi Party

Party

Samata Party Samajwadi Janata Party

(Rashtriya)

Shiromani Akali Dal Shivsena

Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim Sangram Parishad

Tamil Maanila Congress Telugu Desam

(Moopanar)
Tripura Upajati Juba United Democratic Party
Samiti

United Goans Democratic United Minorities Front,

Party Assam
Latest Population Ranking - 2008
Rank Country or Area Population

1. China 1,330,044,605

2 .India 1,147,995,898

3 .United States 303,824,646

4 .Indonesia 237,512,355

5 .Brazil 196,342,587

6 .Pakistan 172,800,051

7 .Bangladesh 153,546,901

8 .Nigeria 146,255,306

9 .Russia 140,702,094

10 .Japan 127,288,419

11 .Mexico 109,955,400

12 .Philippines 96,061,683

13 .Vietnam 86,116,559

14 .Ethiopia 82,544,838

15 .Germany 82,369,548

16 .Egypt 81,713,517

17 .Turkey 71,892,807

18 .Congo (Kinshasa) 66,514,506

19 .Iran 65,875,223

20 .Thailand 65,493,298
 First in India Men
Field Person
First Indian to swim across the English Channel Mihir Sen
First to Climb Mount Everest Tenzing Norgay
First to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen Phy Dorjee
First Indian to join I.C.S. (I.C.S. now IAS) Satyendra Nath Tagore
First Indian to get Nobel Prize Rabindra Nath Tagore
First Indian in Space (first Indian cosmonaut) Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
First British Governor General Warren Hastings
First Governor General of Free India Lord Mountbatten
First and the last Governor General of free India C. Rajagopalachari
First President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad
First Vice-President of India Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
First Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
First Sikh President of India Giani Zail Singh
First Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
First Speaker of Lok Sabha G.V. Mavlankar
First Chief Justice of India Justice H.L. Kania
First President of Indian National Congress W.C. Bannerjee
First Indian to become member of Viceroy's Executive
Lord S.P. Sinha
Council
First Indian to become President of International Court of
Dr. Nagendra Singh
Justice
First Emperor of Moghul Dynasty Babar
First Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw
First Indian Commander-in-Chief of India Gen. K.M. Cariappa
First Chief of the Army Staff (Indian) Sinhji
First Chief of the Naval Staff (Indian) Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
First Chief of the Air Force Staff (India) Subroto Mukherjee
First Indian in British Parliament Dada Bhai Nauroji
First Indian recipient of Victoria Cross (highest award Khudada Khan
before independence)
First Indian to circumnavigate the globe Lt. Col K.S. Rao
First Indian to reach the South Pole Col J.K. Bajaj (1989)
First Indian to make a solo air flight JRD Tata
Raja Rammohan Roy
First Indian to visit England
(1832)
First Indian Member of House of Lords (British) Lord S.P. Sinha
First Bar-at-Law J.M. Tagore
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (1952
First Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- 62)
First Indian Test Cricketer K.S. Ranjitsingh
First Air Marshall Arjan Singh
Justice V.Ramaswami
First Judge to face impeachment in the Lock Sabha
(1993)
Fastest Shorthand writer Dr. G.D. Bhist (250 wpm)
 Nick Names of Important Indian Places

SNo Nick name Place

1 Golden City Amritsar
2 Manchester of India Ahmedabad
3 City of Seven islands Mumbai
4 Queen of Arabian Sea Cochin
5 Space City Bangalore
6 Garden City of India Bangalore
7 Silicon Valley of India Bangalore
8 Electronic city of India Bangalore
9 Pink city Jaipur
10 Gateway of India Mumbai
11 Twin city Hyderabad - Sikandarabad
12 City of festivals Madurai
13 Deccan Queen Pune
14 City of Buildings Kolkata
15 Dakshin Ganga Godavari
16 Old Ganga Godavari
17 Egg bowls of Asia Andhra Pradesh
18 Soya region Madhya Pradesh
19 Manchester of the South Coimbatore
20 City of Nawabs Lucknow
21 Venice of the east Cochin
22 Sorrow of Bengal Damodar river
23 Sorrow of Bihar Kosi river
24 Blue Mountains Nilgiri
25 Queen of the Mountains Mussoorie (Uttaranchal)
26 Sacred river Ganga
27 Hollywood of India Mumbai
28 City of Castles Kolkata
29 State of five rivers Punjab
30 City of weavers Panipat
31 City of lakes Srinagar
Jamshedpur (Called
32 Steel city of India
Tatanagar)
33 City of temples Varanasi
34 Manchester of the north Kanpur
35 City of Rallies New Delhi
36 Heaven of India Jammu & Kashmir
37 Boston of India Ahmedabad
Garden of spices of
38 Kerala
India
39 Switzerland of India Kashmir
40 Abode of the God Prayag (Allahabad)
41 Pittsburg of India Jamshedpur
 Governor Generals of India
Lord William Bentinck (1828 – 1835):

 Carried out the social reforms like Prohibition of Sati (1829) and elimination of
thugs (1830).

 Made English the Medium of higher education in the country (After the
recommendations of Macaulay).

 Suppressed female infanticide and child sacrifice.

 Charter Act of 1833 was passed; made him the first Governor General of India.
Before him, the designation was Governor General of Bengal.

Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835 – 1836): Abolished all restrictions on vernacular press
(called Liberator of the Press).

Lord Auckland (1836 – 1842): The most important event of his reign was the First
Afghan War, which proved to be a disaster for the English.

Lord Ellenborough (1842 – 1844)

Lord Hardinge I (1844 – 1848)

Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 1856):

 Opened the first Indian Railway in 1853 (from Bombay to Thane).

 Laid out the telegraph lines in 1853 (First was from Calcutta to Agra).

 Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse and captured Satara (1848), Jaipur and
Sambhalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854).
 Established the postal system on the modern lines through the length and breadth
of the country, which made communication easier.

 Started the Public Works Department. Many bridges were constructed and the
work on Grand Trunk Road was started. The harbors of Karachi, Bombay and
Calcutta were also developed.

 Made Shimla the summer capital.

 Started Engineering College at Roorkee.

 Encouraged science, forestry, commerce, mineralogy and industry.

 In 1854, “Wood’s Dispatch’ was passed, which provided for the properly
articulated system of education from the primary school to the university.

 Due to Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts, remarriage of widows was legalized

by Widow Remarriage Act, 1856).
 Epithets
1 Bengal's Sorrow Damodar River
2 Blue Mountains Nilgiri Hills
3 Britain of the South New Zealand
4 City of the Golden Gate San Francisco (USA)
5 City of Dreaming Spires Oxford (UK)
6 City of Magnificent Distance Washington, DC, USA
7 City of Sky - Scrapers New York
8 City of Seven Hills Rome
9 City of Palaces Kolkata
10 China's Sorrow Howang-Ho
11 Cockpit of Europe Belgium
12 Dark Continent Africa
13 Eternal City Rome
14 Emerald Island Ireland
15 Empire City New York, U.S.A.
16 Forbidden City Lhasa, Tibet
17 Garden of England Kent, England
18 Gate of Tears Bab-el-mandeb, Jerusalem
19 Garden City Chicago
20 Gateway of India Mumbai
21 Gift of the Nile Egypt
22 Granite City Aberdeen, Scotland
23 Great Whiteway Broadway, New York
24 Granery of South India Tanjore
25 Hearing Pond Atlantic Ocean
26 Hermit Kingdom Korea
27 Holy Land Palestine
28 Island Continent Australia
29 Island of Cloves Zanzibar
30 Island of Pearls Bahrain
31 Key to Mediterannean Gibraltar
32 Lady with a lamp Florence Nightangle
33 Land of Lakes Scotland
34 Land of Golden Fleece Australia
35 Land of Golden Pagoda Myanmar
36 Land of Kangaroo Australia
37 Land of Lilies Canada
38 Land of Morning Calm Korea
39 Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan
40 Land of Five Rivers Punjab, India
41 Land of Rising Sun Japan
42 Land of Midnight Sun Norway
43 Land of Thousand Lakes Finland
44 Land of Maples Canada
45 Land of White Elephant Thailand
46 Mysore Tiger Tippu Sultan
47 Manchester of India Mumbai
48 Manchester of Tamil Nadu Coimbatore
49 Never Never Land Prairies of N. Australia
50 Pearl of the Pacific Guyayaquil Port of Ecuador
51 Playground of Europe Switzerland
52 Playground of India Kashmir
53 Pearl of the Antilles Cuba
54 Pillar of Hercules Gibraltar
55 Pink City Jaipur
56 Quaker City Philadelphia, U.S.A.
57 Queen of the Adraitic Venice, Italy
58 Queen of Arabian Sea Kochi
59 Roof of the World Pamirs, Central Asia
60 Saint of the Gutters Mother Terasa
61 Sickman of Europe Turkey
62 Spice Garden of India Kerala
63 Sugar Bowl of the World Cuba
64 Venice of the East Alappuzha, India
65 Venice of the North Stockholm, Sweden
66 White City Belgrade, Yugoslavia
67 Windy City Chicago, U.S.A.
68 White Man's Grave Guinea Coast
69 World's Bread Basket Prairies of N.America
70 World's Loneliest Island Tristanda Cuntra
71 Yellow River Howang Ho
S
Sanctuaries and Parks in India
Name
Achanakmar Sanctuary
Bandhavgarh National Park
Bandipur Sanctuary
Banarghatta
National Park
Bhadra Sancturary
Bhimabandh Sanctuary
Bori Sanctuary
Borivli National Park
Chandraprabha Sanctuary
Corbett National Park named in
memory of Jim Corbett, famous
sportsman
Dachigam Sanctuary
Datma Sanctuary
Dandeli Sanctuary
Dudhwa National Park
Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary
Location Reserves for
Tiger, bear, chital, sambar,
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
bison
Shahdol, Madhya Tiger, panther, chital, nilgai,
Pradesh wild bear
Border of Karnataka Elephant, tigers, panther,
and Tamil Nadu sambar, deer, birds
Bangalore Elephant, chital, deer, gray
Karnataka Partridges, green pigeon
Chikmagalur, Elephant, chital, panther,
Karnataka sambar, wild bear
Tiger, leopard, sambar, wild
Monghyr, Bihar
bear, chital, water birds
Hoshangabad, Madhya Tiger, panther, sambar, chital,
Pradesh wild boar, barking deer
Panther, sambar, langur, wild
Mumbai
boar, chinkara
Near Varanasi Uttar Famous for Gir lions, chital
Pradesh and sambar
Tiger, leopards, elephants,
Nainital, Uttaranchal
sambar
Dachigam, Kashmir Kashmiri stag
Elephants, leopard, wild bear,
Singbhum, Uttaranchal
barking deer
Tiger, panther, elephant,
Dharwar, Karnataka
chital, sambar, wild bear
Tiger, panther, sambar, chital,
Lakhimpurkheri U.P.
nilgai, barking deer
Chital, sambar, chinkara,
Mandsaur, M.P.
barking deer, wild birds

Garampani Sanctuary
Ghana Bird Sanctuary
Gir Forest
Gautam Buddha Sanctuary
Hazaribagh Sanctuary
Intangki Sanctuary
Jaldapara Sanctuary
Kawal Sanctuary
Kaziranga National Park
Khangchandzendra National Park
Kinnersani Sanctuary
Kolleru Pelicanary
Nagerhole National Park
Namdafa Sanctuary
Nawegaon National Park
Pachmarhi Sanctuary
Pakhal Sanctuary
Parambikulam Sanctuary
Pench National Park
Elephant, leopard, wild
Diphu, Assam
buffalo, langur
Water birds, black-buck,
Bharatpur, Rajasthan
chital, sambar
India's biggest wild life
Junagarh, Gujarat
sanctuary famous for Gir lions
Tiger, leopard, sambar, chital,
Gaya, Bihar
barking deer
Tiger, leopard, chital, nilgai,
Hazaribagh, Jharkhand
sambar, wild cat
Elephant, gaur, tiger, panther,
Kohima, Nagaland
barking deer, wild boar
West Bengal Rhinoceros
Tiger, panther, gaur, chital,
Adilabad, A.P.
wild bear
Horned rhinoceros, gaur,
Jorhat, Assam
elephant, leopard, wild buffalo
Snow leopard, musk deer,
Gangtok, Sikkim
Himalayan bear
Tiger, panther, gaur, chital,
Khamrsan, A.P.
sambar, nilgai
Elluru A.P. Pelicans, painted stork
Elephant, tiger, panther,
Coorg, Karnataka
sambar, chital
Tirap, Arunachal Elephant, panther, sambar,
Pradesh tiger, chital, king cobra
Tiger, panther, sambar, chital,
Bhandara, Maharashtra
nilgai
Tiger, panther, bear, sambar,
Hoshangabad, M.P.
nilgai, barking deer
Tiger, panther, sambar, chital,
Warangal A.P.
nilgai
Tiger, leopard, gaur, elephant,
Palghat, Kerala
nilgai, chital
Tiger, panther, gaur, sambar,
Nagpur, Maharashtra
chital, nilgai

Periyar Sanctuary
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary
Rohla National Park
Sariska Sanctuary
Sharaswathy Valley Sanctuary
Shikari Devi Sanctuary
Shivpuri National Park
Similipal Sanctuary
Someshwara Sanctuary
Sunderban Tiger Reserve
Elephant, tiger, panther, gaur,
Idukki, Kerala
nilgai, sambar, wild bear
Islands in Cauvery river
Important bird sanctuary
in Karnataka
Snow leopard, brown bear,
Kulu, H.P. musk deer, snow cock, snow
pigeon
Tiger, panther, sambar, nilgai,
Alwar, Rajasthan
chital, chinkara
Elephant, tiger, panther,
Shimoga, Karnataka
sambar, gaur chital, wild bear
Black bear, musk deer,
Mandi, H.P.
panther, leopard, partridge
Tiger, panther, sambar, hyena,
Shivpuri, M.P.
hyena, sloth bear, nilgai
Elephant, tiger, leopard, gaur,
Mayurbhanj, Orissa
chital
Tiger, panther, wild boar,
Canara, Karnataka
leopard
South 24 parganas, Tiger, deer, wild boar,
West Bengal crocodile, Gangetic dolphin
 Important Sites in India
Sno Place City/State
1 Ajanta Aurangabad
2 Akbar's Tomb Sikandara
3 Ambernath Cave Kashmir
4 Amber Palace Jaipur
5 Anand Bhavan Allahabad
6 Bhakra Dam Punjab
7 Birla Planetarium Kolkata
8 Black Pagoda Konark (Orissa)
9 Bodhisattva Ajanta Caves
10 Brihadeeswara Temple Tanjore
11 Brindavan Gardens Mysore (Karnataka)
12 Buland Darwaza Fatepur Sikri
13 Charminar Hyderabad
14 Chenna Kesava Temple Belur
15 Chilka Lame Near Bhubaneswar
16 Dal Lake Srinagar
17 Dilwara Temples Mt. Abu
18 Elephanta Caves Mumbai
19 Golden Temple Amirtsar
20 Gol Gumbaz Bijapur
21 Hanging Gardens Mumbai
22 Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds) Jaipur
23 Howrah Bridge Kolkata
24 Island Palace Udaipur
25 Itmad-ud-Daulah's Tomb Agra
26 Jagannath Temple Puri
27 Jama Masjid Delhi
28 Jantar Mantar Delhi
29 Jog (Geresoppa) Falls Mysore
30 Kailasanath Temples Ellora
31 Kanyakumari Temples Cape Comorin
32 Khajuraho Bhopal
33 Konark Puri
34 Lal Bagh Gardens Bangalore
35 Mahakaleeswar Temple Ujjain
36 Mahesuramurthi (Trimurti) Elephanta Caves
37 Malabar Hills Mumbai
38 Manmandir Palace Gwalior Fort
39 Marble Rocks Jabalpur
40 Marina Beach Chennai
41 Meenakshi Temple Madurai
42 Padmanabha Temple Trivandrum
43 Panch Mahal Fatepur Sikri
44 Tower of Fame Chittorgarh
 Biggest Highest Largest Longest in the
World
Animal, Tallest Giraffe
Archipelago Largest Indonesia
Bird, Fastest Swift
Bird, Largest Ostrich
Bird, Smallest Humming Bird
Bridge, Longest Railway Huey P.Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A.)
Building, Tallest in the world Teipei 101, Taiwan
Canal, Longest Irrigational The Kalakumsky canal
Canal, Longest Suez canal
Capital, Highest La Paz (Bolivia)
City, Biggest in area Mount Isa (Australia)
City, Largest in population Tokyo
City, Costliest Tokyo
City, Highest Van Chuan (China)
Continent, Largest Asia
Continent, Smallest Australia
Country, Biggest (Area) Russia
Country, Largest (population) China
Country, Largest (electorate) India
Creature, Largest Blue Whale
Delta, Largest Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)
Desert, Largest (World) Sahara (Africa)
Desert, Largest (Asia) Gobi
Dam, Largest Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.)
Dam, Highest Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
Diamond, Largest The Cullinan
Dome, Largest
Epic, Largest
Irrigation Scheme, Largest
Island, Largest
Sea, Largest
Lake, Deepest
Lake, Largest (Artificial)
Lake, Highest
Lake, Largest (Fresh Water)
Lake, Largest (Salt water)
Library, Largest
Mountain Peak, Highest
Mountain Range, Longest
Museum, Largest
Ocean, Largest
Palace, Biggest
Park, Largest
Peninsula, Largest
Place, Coldest (Habitated)
Place, Dryest
Place, Hottest
Place, Rainiest
Planet, Biggest
Planet, Brightest
Planet, Smallest
Plateau, Highest
Platform, Longest
Railway, Longest
Railway Station, Largest
River, Longest
River, Largest
Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)
Mahabharat
Lloyd Barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)
Greenland
Mediterranean Sea
Baikal (Siberia)
Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
Titicaca (Bolivia)
Superior
Caspian
United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
Everest (Nepal)
Andes (S. America)
British Museum, London
Pacific
Vatican (Italy)
Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)
Arabia
Verkhoyansk (Siberia)
Iqique (in Atacama Desert, Chile)
Azizia (Libya, Africa)
Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)
Jupiter
Venus
Pluto
Pamir (Tibet)
Kharagpur (India)
Trans-Siberian railway
Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.)
Nile (Africa)
Amazon (S. America)
Sea-bird, Largest
Star, Brightest
Statue, Tallest
Telescope, Largest Radio
Tramway, World's first
Tunnel, Longest (Railway)
Tunnel, Longest (road)
Volcano, Highest
Volcano, Most Active
Wall, Longest
Waterfall, Highest
Water, Lowest Body
Zoo, Largest
Albatross
Sirius
Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)
New Mexico (U.S.A.)
New York
Tanna (Japan)
Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy
Ojos del Salado (Andes, Ecuador)
Maunaloa (Hawaii - U.S.A.)
Great Wall of China
Angel (Venezuela)
Dead Sea
Kruger National Park, South Africa

First Visitors Invaders

The first European invader on Indian soil Alexander, the Great

The first European to visit China Marco Polo

The first Chinese Pilgrim who came to India Fahien

The first British Prime Minister to visit India Harold Macmillan

The First U.S. President to visit India D. Elsenhower

The first Soviet Prime Minister to visit India V.Bulganin

 Popularly Known As
Andhra Kesari T.Prakasam
Anna C.N.Annadurai
Apostle of Free Trade Richard Cobden
Badshah, Frontier Gandhi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Bangabandha Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Bapuji Mahatma Gandhi
Bard of Avon Shakespeare
Chacha Jawaharlal Nehru
C.R. C. Rajagopalachari
Deshbandhu C.R. Das
Desert Fox Gen. Erwin Rommel
Deenbandhu C.F. Andrews
II Duce Benito Mussolini
EL Caudillo Francisco Franco
Enlightened one Mahatma Buddha
Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi
Fuehrer Adolf Hitler
Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer
"G.B.S." George Bernard Shah
Gold Woman of India P.T. Usha
Grand Oldman of India Dadabhai Naoroji
Grand Oldman of Britain William Ewart Gladstone
Great Commoner Pitt, the Younger
Gurudev R.N. Tagore
Guruji Golwalkar (died)
lke Dwight David Eisenhover
Iron Duke Duke of Wellington
Kuvempu K.V.Puttappa
King Maker Earl of Warwickshire
Kipper Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa
Lala Lajpat Rai, Balgangadhar Tilak & Bipin Chandra
Lal, Bal, Pal
Pal
Lok Nayak J.P.Narayan
Lady of the Lamp Florence Nightingale
Lion of Punjab, Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai
Little Corporal Napoleon
Li-Kwan Pearl S. Buck
Man of Destiny Napoleon
Lokamanya Balgangadhar Tilak
Mahamanya Mohan Pt. Madan Mohan Malavia
Maiden Queen Elizabeth-I
Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc
Mark Twain Samuel Clemens
Man of Blood and Iron Bismark
Man of Iron, Strong man of
Sardar Patel
Iron
Man of Peace Lal Bahadur Shastri
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Nightingale of India Sarojini Naidu
Sher-e-Kashmir Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah
Sparrow Maj.Gen. Rajinder Singh
"T.T.K." T.T.Krishnamachari
Tiger of Snows Tenzing Norgay
Uncle Ho Dr. Hochi Minh
Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet de
Wizard of the North Sir Walter Scott
 Subjects
Acoustics Science or study of sound
Anatomy Internal structure of living organism
Anthropology Mental and Physical states of mankind
Archaeology Prehistoric remains
Astrology Predicting future of human beings
Astronautics The science of space travel
Astronomy Study of heavenly bodies
Astrophysics A branch of astronomy dealing with physical nature of heavenly bodies
Bacteriology Dealing with bacteria
Biology Study of living bodies
Bionics Investigation of sensory perception of birds
Botany Plant life
Ceramics Pottery
Chemistry Properties and composition of various elements
Chemotherapy Treatment of a Disease by certain chemical compounds
Chronology Computing of period of time and assignment of dates with events
Conchology Study of shells
Cosmology The Science of universe as a whole
Cryogenics Production and application of very low temperature
Cryptography Study of Cell formation
Ecology Study of Relations of animals and plants to their environment
Economics Study of production, consumption and distribution of wealth
Entomology Study of Insects
Epidemiology Study of Epidemics
Epigraphy Study of Inscriptions
Ethics Psychological Study of moral conduct and duty
Ethnology Study of mental and physical differences of mankind
Etymology Study of the origin and history of words
Exobiology Science dealing with life existing beyond Earth
Genetics Science of Heredity
Geology Study of condition and structure of the Earth
Gerentology Science of old age
Science dealing with the formation, composition, functions and
Haematology
diseases of the blood
Horticulture Garden cultivation
Hydrography Treatment of diseases with water
Hydrophonics Culture of plants without soil, only in solutions
Hydroponics Culture of plants without soil
Hydrostatics The relation of pressure to equilibrium of fluids
Hyetology Study of rainfall
Hygiene Study of Health
Jurisprudence The Science of knowledge of law
Iconography Teaching by pictures and models
Lexicography Compiling of dictionary
Mammography A technique of quicker diagnosis of breast cancer among women
Metallurgy Study of Science and Technology of metals
Meteorology Atmospheric phenomena
Morphology Position, Structure and form of different plants and animals
Morphotogeny Origin and growth of any living organism
Mycology The study of fungi
Numismatics Study of coins
Odontography Study of teeth
Optics Nature and properties of light
Ornithology Study of birds
Osteology The study of bones
Palaeontology Study of fossils
Pathology Nature, causes and remedies of diseases
Pedagogy Education
Phrenology Skull and brain
Philately Stamp collection
Philology Language
Phonetics Study of the sounds of spoken language
Physics Material bodies
Physiology Structure and function of animal and plant life
Physiograpy Study of natural geography
Pomology Fruits
Psychology Study of mind
Radiology Radiant energy
Seismology Science of earthquakes
Sericulture Silkworm rearing
Sociology Social problems and human progress
Communication of two minds at a distance with the help of thought,
Telepathy
feelings and emotions
Therapeutics Healing of diseases and laws of health
Tribology The study of inter-acting surfaces in relatives motion
Virology Study of Viruses
Zoology Animal life
Foreign Banks Operating in India
Name of the Bank Country of Incorporation
Standard Chartered Bank UK
HSBC Hongkong
Citibank USA
ABN-Amro Bank Netherlands
BNP Paribas France
Deutsche Bank Germany
American Express Bank Ltd USA
Bank of Nova Scotia Canada
Bank of America USA
Calyon Bank France
State Bank of Mauritius Mauritius
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd Japan
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd UAE
Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait Bahrain
DBS Bank Ltd Singapore
Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd Japan
Mashreq Bank UAE
Oman International Bank Oman
Sonali Bank Bangladesh
Societe Generale France
Arab Bangladesh Bank Ltd Bangladesh
Antwerp Diamond Bank Belgium
Bank international Indonesia Indonesia
Bank of Ceylon Sri Lanka
Barclays Bank Plc UK
Shinhan Bank South Korea
Chinatrust Commercial Bank Taiwan
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank USA
Krung Thai Bank Public Co.Ltd Thailand

Hill Stations India

Hill Stations State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills) Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong) Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills) Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling West Bengal
Gulmarg Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla) Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar Maharashtra
Mt. Abu Rajasthan
Mussoorie Uttaranchal
Nainital Uttaranchal
Ootacamund Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills) Meghalaya
Shimla Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir
 Important River Valley Projects
Sno Project Name River Name
Bhakra Nangal On Sutlaj in Punjab. Highest in India. Ht 226 m.
1
Project Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake.
2 Mandi Project On Beas in HP
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there:
Chambal Valley
3 Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar
Project
Sagar Dam.
Damodar Valley On Damodar in Bihar. Based on Tennessee Valley
4
Project Project, USA.
5 Hirakud Project On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
On Son in Mirzapur, Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh
6 Rihand Project
Pant reservoir.
7 Kosi Project On Kosi in N.Bihar.
8 Mayurkashi Project On Mayrukashi in WB.
9 Kakrapara Project On Tapi in Gujarat.
10 Nizamsagar Project On Manjra in AP.
Nagarjuna Sagar
11 On Krishna in AP
Project
12 Tungabhadra Project On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
Shivasamudram On Cauvery in Karnataka. It is the oldest river valley
13
Project project of India.
14 Tata Hydel Scheme On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel
15 On Jog Falls in Karnataka
Project
Kundah & Periyar
16 In TN
Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it
17 Farakka Project
helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
18 Ukai Project On Tapti in Gujarat
19 Mahi Project On Mahi in Gujarat
20 Salal Project On Chenab in J & K
 Mata Tila
21 On Betwa in UP & MP
Multipurpose Project
22 Thein Project On Ravi, Punjab
23 Pong Dam On Beas, Punjab
24 Tehri Project On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar
25 On Narmada, Gujarat/MP.
Project

Biggest Countries
SNo Biggest Nations (Area Wise) Biggest Nations (Population Wise)
1 Russia China
2 Canada India
3 China USA
4 USA Indonesia
5 Brazil Brazil
6 Australia Pakistan
7 India Russia
8 Argentina Bangladesh
9 Kazakhastan Japan
10 Sudan Nigeria
 Smallest countries in the world
Smallest Nations (Area Wise) Smallest Nations (Population Wise)
Vatican City Vatican City
Monaco Tuvalu
Nauru Nauru
Tuvalu Palau
San Marino San Marino
Liechtenstein Monaco
Marshall Islands Liechtenstein
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis
Maldives Antigua and Barbados
Malta Dominica
 Important Days
January 9 NRI Day
January 10 World Laughter Day
January 12 National Youth Day
January 15 Army Day
January 26 India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
January 30 Martyrs' Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
2nd Sunday of
World Marriage Day
February
February 24 Central Excise Day
February 28 National Science Day
Second Monday
Commonwealth Day
March
March 8 International Women's Day; Intl. literacy Day
March 15 World Disabled Day; World Consumer Rights Day
March 18 Ordnance Factories Day (India)
World Forestry Day; International Day for the Elimination of
March 21
Racial Discrimination
March 22 World Day for Water
March 23 World Meteorological Day
March 24 World TB Day
April 5 International Day for Mine Awareness; National Maritime Day
April 7 World Health Day
April 17 World Haemophilia Day
April 18 World Heritage Day
April 21 Secretaries' Day
April 22 Earth Day
April 23 World Book and Copyright Day
May 1 Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
May 3 Press Freedom Day; World Asthma Day
May 2nd Sunday Mother's Day
May 4 Coal Miners' Day
May 8 World Red Cross Day
May 9 World Thalassaemia Day
May 11 National Technology Day
May 12 World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day
May 15 International Day of the Family
May 17 World Telecommunication Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 31 Anti-tobacco Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 3rd Sunday Father's Day
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 26 International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
July 1 Doctor's Day
July 6 World Zoonoses Day
July 11 World Population Day
August 3 Internatioal Friendship Day
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 8 World Senior Citizen's Day
August 9 Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day
August 15 Indian Independence Day
August 18 IntI. Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
August 19 Photography Day
August 29 National Sports Day
September 2 Coconut Day
September 5 Teachers' Day; Sanskrit Day
September 8 World Literacy Day (UNESCO)
September 15 Engineers' Day
September 16 World Ozone Day
September 21 Alzheimer's Day; Day for Peace & Non-violence (UN)
September 22 Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
September 26 Day of the Deaf
September 27 World Tourism Day
October 1 International Day for the Elderly
October 2 Gandhi Jayanthi
October 3 World Habitat Day
October 4 World Animal Welfare Day
October 8 Indian Air Force Day
October 9 World Post Office Day
October 10 National Post Day
October 2nd
World Sight Day
Thursday
October 13 UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
October 14 World Standards Day
October 15 World White Cane Day (guiding the blind)
October 16 World Food Day
October 24 UN Day; World Development Information Day
October 30 World Thrift Day
November 9 Legal Services Day
November 14 Children's Day; Diabetes Day
November 17 National Epilepsy Day
November 20 Africa Industrialisation Day
November 29 International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People
December 1 World AIDS Day
December 3 World Day of the Handicapped
December 4 Indian Navy Day
December 7 Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10 Human Rights Day; IntI. Children's Day of Broadcasting
December 18 Minorities Rights Day (India)
December 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day) (India)
Different Branches of Science
Branch Concerning Field
Aeronautics Science of flight of airplanes
Astronomy Study of heavenly bodies
Agronomy Science dealing with crop plants
angiology Deals with the study of blood vascular system
Anthology Study of flowers
Anthropology Study of apes and man
Apiculture Honey industry (Bee Keeping)
Araneology Study of spiders
Batracology Study of frogs
Biochemistry Deals with the study of chemical reactions in relation to life activities
Deals with the use of micro-organism in commercial processes for
Biotechnology producing fine chemicals such as drugs, vaccines, hormones, etc, on a
large scale
Cardiology Study of heart
Craniology Study of skulls
Cryptography Study of secret writing
Study concerning with the application and uses of very low
Cryogenics
temperature
Cytology Study of cells
Dermatology Study of skin
Ecology The study of relationship between organisms and environment
Entomology Study of insects
Etiology Study of cause of disease
Study of improvement of human race by applying laws of heredity. It
Eugenics
is related with future generations
Evolution Deals with the study of origin of new from old
Exbiology Deals with life or possibilities of life beyond the earth
Floriculture Study of flower yielding plants
Geology Study of condition and structure of the earth
Genetics Study of heredity and variations
Gerontology Study of growing old
Gynaecology Study of female reproductive organ
Horticulture Study of garden cultivation
Haematology Study of blood
Hepatology Study of liver
. Iconography Teaching by pictures and models
Science which deals with the study of resistance of organisms against
Immunology
infection
Jurisprudence Science of law
Kalology Study of human beauty
Lexicography Compiling of dictionary
Mycology Study of fungi
Myology Study of muscles
Nephrology Study of kidneys
Neurology Study of nervous system
Numismatics Study of coins and medals
Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy
Oneirology Study of dreams
Ophthalmology Study of eyes
Ornithology Study of birds
Osteology Study of bones
Palaeontology Study of fossils
Philately Stamp collecting
Philology Study of language
Phonetics Concerning the sound of a spoken language
Physiography Natural phenomenon
Pedology Study of soils
Pathology Study of disease causing organisms
Phycology Study of algae
Science dealing with the study of functions of various parts of
Physiology
organisms
Pisciculture Study of fish
Pomology Study of fruits
Seismology Study of earthquakes
Sericulture Silk industry (culture of silk moth and pupa)
Serpentology Study of snakes
Communication between two minds at a distance with the help of
Telepathy
emotions thoughts and feelings
Taxonomy Study of classification of organisms
Virology Study of virus

Growth During Five Year Plans

Plan Target Actual
First Plan (1951 - 56) 2.9% 3.6%
Second Plan (1956 - 61) 4.5% 4.3%
Third Plan (1961 - 66) 5.6% 2.8%
Fourth Plan (1969 - 1974) 5.7% 3.3%
Fifth Plan (1974 - 79) 4.4% 4.8%
Sixth Plan (1980 - 85) 5.2% 6.0%
Seventh Plan (1985 - 90) 5.0% 6.0%
Eighth Plan (1992 - 97) 5.6% 6.8%
Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002) 6.5% 5.4%
Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007) 8.0% -
Eleventh plan (2007-2012 9.0%

Important National Activities

The Indian National Congress:

 Formed in 1885 by A.O.Hume, an Englishman and a retired civil servant.

 First session in Bombay under W.C.Banerjee in 1885 (72 delegates attended it).
 In the first two decades (1885 – 1905), quite moderate in its approach and
confided in British justice and generosity.
 But the repressive measures of the British gave rise to extremists within Congress
like Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai (Lal, Bal, Pal).

Partition of Bengal:

 By Lord Curzon on Oct 16, 1905, through a royal Proclamation, reducing the old
province of Bengal in size by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of
Bengal.
 The objective was to set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims.
 A mighty upsurge swept the country against the partition. National movement
found real expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905.

Swadeshi Movement (1905):

 Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh played the important role.
 INC took the Swadeshi call first at the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by
G.K.Gokhale.
 Bonfires of foreign goods were conducted at various places.
Formation of Muslim League (1906):

 Setup in 1906 under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and
Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk.
 It was a loyalist, communal and conservative political organization which
supported the partition of Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi movement, demanded
special safeguards to its community and a separate electorate for Muslims.

Demand for Swaraj:

 In Dec 1906 at Calcutta, the INC under Dadabhai Naoroji adopted ‘Swaraj’ (Self-
govt) as the goal of Indian people.

Surat Session of Indian National Congress (1907):

 The INC split into two groups – The extremists and The moderates, at the Surat
session in 1907. Extremists were led by Bal, Pal, Lal while the moderates by
G.K.Gokhale.

Indian Councils Act or Minto Morley Reforms (1909):

 Besides other constitutional measures, it envisaged a separate electorate for

Muslims.
 Aimed at dividing the nationalist ranks and at rallying the Moderates and the
Muslims to the Government’s side.

Ghadar Party (1913):

 Formed by Lala Hardayal, Taraknath Das and Sohan Singh Bhakna.

 HQ was at San Francisco.

Home Rule Movement (1916):

 Started by B.G.Tilak(April, 1916) at Poona and Annie Besant and S.Subramania

Iyer at Adyar, near Madras (Sept, 1916).
 Objective: Self – government for India in the British Empire.
 Tilak linked up the question of Swaraj with the demand for the formation of
Linguistic States and education in vernacular language. He gave the slogan:
Swaraj is my birth right and I will have it.

Lucknow Pact (1916):

 Happened following a war between Britain and Turkey leading to anti-British

feelings among Muslims.
  Both INC and Muslim League concluded this (Congress accepted the separate
electorates and both jointly demanded for a representative government and
dominion status for the country).

August Declaration (1917):

 After the Lucknow Pact, a British policy was announced which aimed at
“increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration for
progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of
the British empire”. This came to be called the August Declaration.

Rowlatt Act (March 18, 1919):

 This gave unbridled powers to the govt. to arrest and imprison suspects without
trial for two years maximum. This law enabled the Government to suspend the
right of Habeas Corpus, which had been the foundation of civil liberties in
Britain.
 Caused a wave of anger in all sections. It was the first country-wide agitation by
Gandhiji and marked the foundation of the Non Cooperation Movement.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919):

 People were agitated over the arrest of Dr. Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal on April 10,
1919.
 General O’ Dyer fires at people who assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.
 As a result hundreds of men, women and children were killed and thousands
injured.
 Rabindranath Tagore returned his Knighthood in protest. Sir Shankaran Nair
resigned from Viceroy’s Executive Council after this.
 Hunter Commission was appointed to enquire into it.
 On March 13, 1940, Sardar Udham Singh killed O’Dyer when the later was
addressing a meeting in Caxton Hall, London.

Khilafat Movement (1920):

 Muslims were agitated by the treatment done with Turkey by the British in the
treaty that followed the First World War.
 Two brothers, Mohd.Ali and Shaukat Ali started this movement.

Non-cooperation Movement (1920):

 It was the first mass-based political movement under Gandhiji.

 Congress passed the resolution in its Calcutta session in Sept 1920.
Chauri –Chaura Incident (1922):

 A mob of people at Chauri – Chaura (near Gorakhpur) clashed with police and
burnt 22 policemen on February 5, 1922.
 This compelled Gandhiji to withdraw the Non Cooperation movement on Feb.12,
1922.

Simon Commission (1927):

 Constituted under John Simon, to review the political situation in India and to
introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy.
 Indian leaders opposed the commission, as there were no Indians in it.
 The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular
opposition. At Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi-charge. He
succumbed to his injuries on Oct.30, 1928.

Lahore Session (1929):

 On Dec.19, 1929 under the President ship of J.L.Nehru, the INC, at its Lahore
Session, declared Poorna Swaraj (Complete independence) as its ultimate goal.
 On Dec.31, 1929, the newly adopted tri-colour flag was unfurled and an.26, 1930
was fixed as the First Independence Day, was to be celebrated every year.

Revolutionary Activities:

 The first political murder of a European was committed in 1897 at Poona by the
Chapekar brothers, Damodar and Balkishan. Their target was Mr.Rand, President
of the Plague Commission, but Lt.Ayerst was accidentally shot.
 In 1907, Madam Bhikaiji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary unfurled the flag of India at
Stuttgart Congress (of Second international).
 In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla chaki threw a bomb on the carriage of
kingford, the unpopular judge of Muzaffapur. Khudiram, Kanhaiyalal Dutt and
Satyendranath Bose were hanged. (Alipur Case).
 In 1909, M L Dhingra shot dead Col.William Curzon Whyllie, the political
advisor of “India Office” in London.
 In 1912, Rasbihari Bose and Sachindra Nath Sanyal threw a bomb and Lord
Hardinge at Delhi. (Delhi Conspiracy Case).
 In Oct, 1924, a meeting of revolutionaries from all parts of India was called at
Kanpur. They setup Hindustan Socialist Republic Association/Army (HSRA).
 They carried out a dacoity on the Kakori bound train on the Saharanpur-Lucknow
railway line on Aug. 9, 1925.
 Bhagat Singh, with his colleagues, shot dead Saunders (Asst. S.P. of Lahore, who
ordered lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai) on Dec.17, 1928.
 Then Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Assembly
on Apr 8, 1929. Thus, he, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on March. 23,1931
 at Lahore Jall (Lahore Conspiracy Case) and their bodies cremated at
Hussainiwala near Ferozepur.
 In 1929 only Jatin Das died in Lahore jail after 63 days fast to protest against
horrible conditions in jail.
 Surya Sen, a revolutionary of Bengal, formed the Indian Republic Army in
Bengal. In 1930, he masterminded the raid on Chittagong armoury. He was
hanged in 1933.
 In 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself at Alfred Park in Allahabad.

Dandi March (1930):

 Also called the Salt Satyagraha.

 Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on
March 12, 1930 for the small village Dandhi to break the salt law.
 He reached the seashore on Apr.6, 1930.
 He picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement.

First Round Table conference (1930):

 It was the first conference arranged between the British and Indians as equals. It
was held on Nov.12, 1930 in London to discuss Simon commission.
 Boycotted by INC, Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha, Liberals and some others
were there.

Gandhi Irwin Pact (1931):

 Moderate Statesman, Sapru, Jaikar and Srinivas Shastri initiated efforts to break
the ice between Gandhiji and the government.
 The two (government represented by Irwin and INC by Gandhiji) signed a pact on
March 5, 1931.
 In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to join the
second round table conference.
 The government on its part released the political prisoners and conceded the right
to make salt for consumption for villages along the coast.

Second Round Table Conference (1931):

 Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British P.M. Ramsay
Macdonald.
 However, the session was soon deadlocked on the minorities issue and this time
separate electorates was demanded not only by Muslims but also by Depressed
Classes, Indian Christians and Anglo – Indians.

The Communal Award (Aug 16,1932):

  Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the
British.
 Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians,
women and even Backward classes.
 Gandhiji, who was in Yeravada jail at that time, started a fast unto death against
it.

Poona Pact (September 25, 1932):

 After the announcement of communal award and subsequent fast of Gandhiji,

mass meeting took place almost everywhere.
 Political leaders like Madan Mohan Malviya, B.R.Ambedkar and M.C.Rajah
became active.
 Eventually Poona pact was reached and Gandhiji broke his fact on the sixth day
(Sept 25, 1932).
 In this, the idea of separate electorate for the depressed classes was abandoned,
but seats reserved to them in the provincial legislature were increased.

Third Round Table Conference (1932):

 Proved fruitless as most of the national leaders were in prison. The discussions led
to the passing of the Government of India Act, 1935.

Demand For Pakistan:

 In 1930, Iqbal suggested that the Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Sindh and
Kashmir be made the Muslim State within the federation.
 Chaudhary Rehmat Ali gave the term Pakistan in 1923.
 Mohd. Ali Jinnah of Bombay gave it practicality.
 Muslim League first passed the proposal of separate Pakistan in its Lahore session
in 1940.

The Cripps Mission – 1942:

 In Dec. 1941, Japan entered the World War – II and advanced towards Indian
borders. By March 7, 1942, Rangoon fell and Japan occupied the entire S E Asia.
 The British govt. with a view to getting co-operation from Indians sent Sir
Stafford Cripps, leader of the House of Commons to settle terms with the Indian
leaders.
 He offered a draft which proposed dominion status to be granted after the war.
 Rejected by the Congress as it didn’t want to rely upon future promises.
 Gandhiji termed it as a post dated cheque in a crashing bank.

The Revolt of 1942 & The Quit India Movement:

  Called the Vardha Proposal and Leaderless Revolt.
 The resolution was passed on Aug.8, 1942, at Bombay. Gandhiji gave the slogan
‘Do or Die’.
 On Aug 9, the Congress was banned and its important leaders were arrested.
 The arrests provoked indignation among the masses and, there being no program
of action, the movement became spontaneous and violent. Violence spread
throughout the country.
 The movement was however crushed.
 The Indian National Army:
Founded by Rasbehari Bose with Captain Mohan Singh.
 S.C.Bose secretly escaped from India in Jain 1941, and reached Berlin. In July
1943, he joined the INA at Singapore. There, Rasbehari Bose handed over the
leadership to him.
 The soldiers were mostly raised from Indian soldiers of the British army who had
been taken prisoners by the Japanese after they conquered S.E.Asia.
 Two INA head quarters were Rangoon and Singapore (formed in Singapore).
 INA had three fighting brigades named after Gandhiji, Azad and Nehru. Rani
Jhansi Brigade was an exclusive women force.

The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946):

 The struggle for freedom entered a decisive phase in the year 1945-46. The new
Labour Party PM.Lord Attlee, made a declaration on March 15, 1946, that British
Cabinet Mission (comprising of Lord Pethick Lawrence as Chairman, Sir Stafford
Cripps and A.V.Alexander) will visit India.
 The mission held talks with the INC and ML to bring about acceptance of their
proposals.
 On May 16, 1946, the mission put towards its proposals. It rejected the demand
for separate Pakistan and instead a federal union consisting of British India and
the Princely States was suggested.
 Both Congress and Muslims League accepted it.

Formation of Interim Government (Sept 2, 1946):

 Based on Cabinet Mission Plan, an interim government consisting of Congress

nominees was formed on Sept.2, 1946. J.L.Nehru was its Vice-President and the
Governor-General remained as its President.

Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution (Aug 16, 1946):

 Jinnah was alarmed at the results of the elections because the Muslim League was
in danger of being totally eclipsed in the constituent assembly.
 Therefore, Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission Plan
on July 29, 1946.
 It passed a ‘Direct action’ resolution, which condemned both the British
Government and the Congress (Aug 16, 1946). It resulted in heavy communal
riots.
 Jinnah celebrated Pakistan Day on Mar 27, 1947.
Formation of Constituent Assembly (Dec 9, 1946):

 The Constituent assembly met on Dec 9, 1946 and Dr.Rajendra Prasad was
elected as its president.

Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947):

 On June 3, 1947, Lord Mountbatten put forward his plan which outlined the steps
for the solution of India’s political problem. The outlines of the Plan were:
 India to be divided into India and Pakistan.
 Bengal and Punjab will be partitioned and a referendum in NEFP and Sylhet
district of Assam would be held.
 There would be a separate constitutional assembly for Pakistan to frame its
constitution.
 The Princely states would enjoy the liberty to join either India or Pakistan or even
remain independent.
 Aug.15, 1947 was the date fixed for handing over power to India and Pakistan.
 The British govt. passed the Indian Independence Act of 1947 in July 1947, which
contained the major provisions put forward by the Mountbatten plan.

Partition and Independence (Aug 1947):

 All political parties accepted the Mountbatten plan.

 At the time of independence, there were 562 small and big Princely States in
India.
 Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, the first home minister, used iron hand in this regard.
By August 15, 1947, all the States, with a few exceptions like Kashmir,
Hyderabad and Junagarh had signed the Instrument of Accession. Goa was with
the Portuguese and Pondicherry with the French.

Viceroys of India
Lord Canning (1856 – 1862):

Lord Elgin (1862 – 1863)

Lord Lawrence (1864 – 1869):.

Lord Mayo (1869 – 1872):

Lord Northbrook (1872 – 1876):

Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880):

Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884):

Lord Dufferin (1884 – 1888):

Lord Lansdowne (1888 – 1894):

Lord Elgin II (1894 – 1899):

Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905):

Lord Minto (1905 – 1910):

Lord Hardinge (1910 – 1916):

Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921):

Lord Reading (1921 – 1926):

Lord Irwin (1926 – 1931):

Lord Willington (1931 – 1936):

Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1944):

Lord Wavell (1944 – 1947):

Lord Mountbatten (Mar.1947 – Aug.1947):

Seven Ancient Wonders of the World

The Seven Wonders of the World were first designated by Antipater of Sidon in the
second century AD. Not all classical writers list the same items as the Seven Wonders but
most of them agree on the following:

1. The Pyramids of Egypt are a group of three pyramids, Khufu, Khafra and Menkaura
at Giza (near Cairo) to a southern limit 96 km distant are often called the first wonder of
the world. The oldest is that of Zoser, at Saggara, built about 2,700 BC. The Great
Pyramid of Cheops covers more than 12 acres and was originally 146.61 metres (481 ft)
in height and 230.43 x 230.43 metres (756 x 756 ft) at the base. Of all the Seven
Wonders, the Pyramids alone survive.

2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Adjoining Nebuchadnezzar's palace, 96 km south

of Baghdad,'the Gardens were built in the 6th century B.C. Terraced gardens, ranging
from 23 to 91 metres (75 to 300 ft) above ground level, watered from storage tank on the
highest terrace.
3. The Tomb of Mausolus: At Halicarnassus in Asia Minor. Built by the widowed
Queen Artemisia about 350 BC. The memorial originated the term 'mausoleum'.

4. The Temple of Diana at Ephesus: Ionic temple erected about 350 BC in honour of a
non-Helleonic goddess who later became identified with the Greek goddess of the same
name. The temple, with Ionic columns 18 metres high, was destroyed by invading Goth
in 262 AD.

5. The Colossus of Rhodes: A bronze statue of Apollo, set up about 280 BC. According
to legend it stood at the harbour entrance of sea-port of Rhodes. It was destroyed during
an earthquake in 224 BC.

6. The Statue of Jupiter Olympus: At Olympia in the plain of Ellis was constructed of
marble inlaid with ivory and gold by the sculptor Phidias, about 430 BC. All trace of it is
lost, except for reproduction of coins.

7. The Pharos of Alexandria: A marble watch tower and lighthouse on the island of
Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria, built by Sostratus of Cnidus during the 3rd century
BC It was destroyed by an earthquake in the 13th century.

Food Facts

Several studies have suggested that the best benefits of vitamins and minerals come when
they’re taken from food rather than at a supplement. Here is how you can get your daily
dose of vitamins and minerals:

Vitamin Food Sources

Vitamin A Meat, dairy products
Green leafy vegetables; yellow and orange
Beta Carotene fruit and vegetables (carrot,
papaya, pumpkin)
B1 Cereal Vegetables
B2 Meat, beans, peanuts, leafy greens
B3 Cereals
B6 Meat, pulses, wheat
B12 Liver, meat, eggs
Folic Acid Fermented foods containing yeast
 (bread, idly, etc); fruit; leafy vegetables
Pantothenic acid Liver, yeast, egg yolk, milk, soya
Biotin Egg, peanuts, cheese, chicken
Vitamin C Citrus fruit, potatoes, green vegetables
Vitamin D Sunlight
Vitamin E Almonds, vegetable oils, cereals, leafy greens
Minerals Good Sources
Calcium Dairy products, bony fish, leafy greens
Phosphorus Supplied by normal eating
Iodine Iodised salt
Magnesium Fruits, vegetables, pulses and whole grains
Zinc Seeds, e.g. til (sesame)
Potassium Cereals, pulses and legumes, leafy greens
Copper, Selenium
Most people get these enough from their diet
and Chromium

Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries

SNo Name Mechanical Inventions

1 Austin Motor Car
2 Bell, Graham Telephone
3 Berliner Microphone
4 Brequet Helicopter
5 Bushwell Submarine
6 Caxton Printing Press
7 Colt Revolver
8 Daimler Gas engine
9 Davy Miner's Safety Lamp
10 Diesel Internal Combustion Engine (Diesel Engine)
11 Dunlop Pneumatic tyre
12 Edison First electric bulb and gramophone
13 Faraday Dynamo
14 Fick Law of Diffusion - Fick's law
15 Frank Whittle Jet propulsion
16 Fulton Stream boat
17 Galileo Telescope
18 Gillette Safety razor
19 Guttenburg Art of Printing
20 Hoe Rotary Printing Press
21 Howe Sewing Machine
22 Huygens Pendulum clock
23 James Watt Steam Engine (patented in 1769)
24 Landstrom, J.E. Safety Matches
25 Macmillan Bicycle (1842)
26 Mauser Magazine of rifle
27 Mercator Celestial and a terrestrial globe
28 Mergenthaler linotype
29 Montgolfier Balloon (1883)
30 Pascal Calculating Machine
31 Puckle, James Machine gun
32 Shockley Transistor
33 Sholes Typewriter
34 Stephenson Railway engine
35 Swinton Military tank
36 Torricelli Barometer
37 Watt, Robert Watson Radar
38 W. & O. Wright (Wright Brothers), Aeroplane (1903)
39 Watermann Fountain pen
40 Zeiss Lenses; Camera
 National Emblems
Australia Kangaroo
Bangladesh Water Lily
Barbados Head of trident
Belgium Lion
Canada White Lily
Chile Candor and huemul
Denmark Beach
Dominica Sisserou Parrot
France Lily
Germany Corn Flower
Guyana Canje Pheasant
India Lioned Capital
Iran Rose
Ireland Shamrock
Israel Candelabrum
Italy White Lily
lvory Coast Elephant
Japan Lion with Crown
Hong Kong Bauhinia (Orchid tree)
Lebanon Cedar tree
Luxembourg Lion with Crown
Mongolia The Soyombo
Netherlands Lion
New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway Lion
Pakistan Crescent
Papua New Guinea Bird of Paradise
Spain Eagle
Senegal Baobab tree
Sierra Leone Lion
Sri Lanka Lion
Sudan Secretary Bird
Syria Eagle
Turkey Crescent and Star
United Kingdom Rose
U.S.A. Golden Rod
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Bird

National Surveys and Other Institutions in

India

Institution Place
Atomic Energy Commission Bombay
Bhabha Atomic Research Center Trombay (Bombay)
Botanical Survey of India Calcutta
Birbal Sahni Indtitute for Palaeobotanoy Lucknow
Bose Research Institute Calcutta
Indian Association for the Cultivation of science Calcutta
Indian National Science Academy New Delhi
Indian National Science Congress Association Calcutta
National Atlas Organisation Calcutta
Raman Research Institute Bangalore
Survey of India Dehra Dun
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Zoology Delhi
Zoological Survey of India Calcutta

Splendored Heritage - India

Rock-cut caves set deep in the Sahyadri hills. It has a large relief
Ajanta Caves,
depicting the death of the Buddha lying on the bed.
Maharashtra

Dedicated to Lord Vishnu. One of the four pilgrimage spots for

Badrinath, Utter
Hindus.
Pradesh

Basilica of Bom
Jesus, Velha, Goa The church houses the mortal remains of St.Francis Xavier.
(17th Century)
The lotus-shaped marvel in marble is referred to as the Taj Mahal
Bahai House of
of the 21st century. Completed in '86.
Worship, Delhi

Buland Darwaza, At 53.5 m., it is the highest gateway in India. Built by Akbar to
Fatehpur Sikri commemorate his conquest of Khandesh in Gujarat.

A majestic monument of four minarets, to commemorate the

Chartminar,
cessation of plague in the city, according to the chronicles.
Hyderabad (1591)

Dakshineshwar
Temple, Calcutta Built by a Widow-devotee, Rani Rashmoni.
(1855)
A Jain pilgrimage center. There are two shrine : Adinath Temple
Diwara Temples,
(1031) and Nominate Temple (1230)
Mount Abu

Situated on an island, Believed to be built by Pulakesini II of the

Elehanta Caves, Chalukya kingdom. Exquisite carvings depicting the myths of
Maharastra (634) Shiva.

A triumphal arch built to commemorate visit of King George V

Gateway of India,
and Queen Mary in 1911. It is 26 feet tall.
Bombay

Holiest Sikh Shrine. Part of the exterior is gilded with gold leaf.
Golden Temple, The Hari mandir is in the midst of a pool. Guru Granth Sahib, the
Amritsar (1577) holy book of the Sikhs. is enshrined inside.

Its dome is the second largest in the world. The whispering

Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur Gallery within is so called because even the gentlest whisper
(17th Century) echoes across its great length.

Hawa Mahal, (Palace The five storied facade of 953 windows was built for the women
of Winds) Jaipur of the harem to look out without being seen themselves.
(18th Century)
By the side of Mathura road, to the east of Hazarat Nizamu-ddin's
Humayun's Tomb, shrine, this memorial was build by Humayun's senior widow (Haji
Delhi (1565) Hamida Begum).

A memorial to over 90,000 Indian soldiers who died in World

War I. The names of 13,516 soldiers are inscribed on it. The arch
rising to a height of 42 m. is surmounted by a stone bowl where
Indian Gate, Delhi
since 1971 an eternal flame has been lit the Amar Jyothi - to
honour the unknown soldier.

Jagannath Temple, 65m tall. Its conical pinnacle overlooks the landscape for miles
Puri (12th Century) around.
 The largest mosque in Delhi, built during Shah Jahan's reign. It is
situated just opposite the Red Fort. Over 20,000 people can gather
Jama Masjid, Delhi
here at a time to pray.

The oldest observatory of its type, constructed by Maharaja Jai

Singh II of Jaipur in 1725. It is dominated by a huge sundia. A
Jantar Mantar, Delhi
similar observatory exists in Jaipur (Rajasthan).

Built in 1568. The earliest surviving synagogue in India. It has the

Jewish Synagogue,
Great Scrolls of the Old Testament.
Cochin

Largest rock-cut shrine in India, 84m*47m. Carved our from the

Kailash Temple, top of a hillock. Built during the reign of King Krishna I who
Ellora ascended the throne in 760 AD.

22 temples known for their graceful contours and erotic

Khajuraho Temple
sculptures.
(11th Century)

Lingaraja Temple, 36.5m tall. There is a triple tier of mouldings with numerous
Bhubaneswar (11th prestigious and sculpted niches.
Century)

Mahabodh Temple, Erected to mark the spot of the Buddha's enlightenment. The
Bodhgaya (7th temple is a primodal tower 170ft. high, crowned by a bell-like
Century) stupa.

Meenakshi
The gateway are among the most elaborately carved in South
Sundareswar
India. Has about 30 million sculptures.
Temple, Madurai

Nalanda, Bihar (7th Seat of learning in Cupta period, Hieun Tsang also studied here.
Century)

Qutab Minar was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the slave king in

the 13th century as a victory tower. The 72.5m, five-story Minar
of red sandstone has ornamental figure of Koranic inscriptions. In
Qutab Minar, Delhi
the center of its courtyard is an Iron Pillar erected by king
Chandra Verman which has remained rest-free for more than 1500
years
 The official residence of the President of India, set in 330 acres of
land. Formerly Vceregal Palace. Over looks a beautiful Mughal
Rashtrapathi
garden. It has 340 rooms, 37 salons, 74 lobbies and loggias, 1km.
Bhawan, Delhi
of corridor, 18 staircases and 37 fountains.

The citadel of the seventh Delhi, Shahjahanabad, it is over 2km. in

circumference and has within its precincts several beautiful
Red Fort, Delhi
offices. But by Shah Jahan in 17th century. The seat of Mughal
power in India until 1857.

Salim Chisti's Tomb, Built after Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chisti's death. Tomb venerated
Fatehpur Sikri (1572) by both Hindu and Muslims.

Sanchi Stupa, The great hemisphere is 120 ft. in diameter, and covers the relic of
Sanchi, Madhya Gautama Buddha.
Pradesh

The largest church in Asia, it has a 80m long aisle and 14 altars.
Se Cathedral, Velha,
Of its five bells, one is the famous Golden bell, one of the best in
Goa (1652)
the world.

Shatrunjaya Hill
The hill is crowned about a thousand magnificent Jain temples,
Temples, Palitana,
which are marble structures built over a period of 900 years.
Gujarat

Somnath Temple, Legendary temple believed built by 'Moon God'. It treasures

Gujarat ransacked by Mahmud Ghazni seven times. It was also destroyed
by Aladding Khilji and Aurangzeb, and every time it was rebuilt.
Sun Temple,
Modhera, Gujarat Built by a King Bhimdev I of Solanki Dybasty.
(1026)

Surya Temple,
The sun temple of 'Black Pagoda' conceived as a chariot of the
Konark (13th
sun god, Built by king Narasimha Dava I.
Century)

Taj Mahal, Agra One of the seven wonders of the world. Built of white marble by
(1630 to 1648) Emperor Shah Jahan to immortalize his beloved queen Mumtaz
Mahal.
The Bada Imambara,
Asia's largest vaulted hall.
Lucknow

A cave shrine in Trikuta mountains, an important pilgrimage

Vaishnodevi, Jammu
center for Hindus.

Victoria Memorial,
A marble monument commemorating the empress Victoria.
Calcutta

Fundamental Rights
Right to Equality
Article
Equality before law and equal protection of law
14
Article Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or
15 place of birth.
Article
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
16
Article
End of untouchability
17
Article Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are, however,
18 exempted.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Article Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of
25 religion.
Article
Freedom to manage religious affairs
26
Article
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
27
Article Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational
28 institutions

Right Against Exploitation

Article 23 Traffic in human beings prohibited
Article 24 No child below the age of 14 can be employed

Right to Freedom of Religion

Article Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of
25 religion.
Article
Freedom to manage religious affairs
26
Article
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
27
Article Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational
28 institutions

Cultural and Educational Rights

Article 29 Protection of interests of minorities
Article 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Article 31 Omitted by the 44th Amendment Act.

Right to Constitutional Remedies

The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul
Article
and heart of the Constitution
32
by DR Ambedkar).

The New States Created After 1950

Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act, 1953 by carving out

Andhra
1 some areas from the State of Madras
Pradesh

The State of Bombay was divided into two States, I.e.,

Gujarat and Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay (Reorganisation) Act,
2
Maharashtra 1960

Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. Te comprised

3 Kerala Travancor and Cochin areas.
 Created from the Princely State of Mysore by the State
4 Karnataka
Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973.

It was carved out from the State of Assam by the State of

5 Nagaland
Nagaland Act, 1962.

It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab

6 Haryana
(Reorganisation) Act, 1966

The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the

Himachal
7 status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
Pradesh

First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Assam by 23rd

Constitutional Amendment, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the
8 Meghalaya status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern Areas
(Reorganisation) Act. 1971

Both these States were elevated from the status of Union

Manipur and Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act,
9
Tripura 1971.

Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th
10 Sikkim Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974. It got the status of a full
State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975.

It was elevated to the Status of a full State by the State of

11 Mizoram Mizoram Act, 1986.

It received the status of a full State by the State of Arunachal

Arunachal
12 Pradesh Act, 1986.
Pradesh

13 Goa Goa was separated from the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and
Diu and was made a full-fledged State by the Goa, Daman and
 Diu Reorganisation Act, 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as
Union Territory

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

14 Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

15 Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000

Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing

16 Jharkhand
Bihar on November 15,2000.

3000 - 2600 BC - Harappa Civilisation

1200 - 500 BC - Vedic Era

550 BC - Birth of Mahavira

563 - 483 BC - Sidhartha Gautama, the Buddha

327 BC - The Conquests of Alexander The Great

325 BC - Alexander The Great, still goes on

322 BC - Rise of the Mauryas, Chandragupta

298 BC - Bindusara Coronated

272 BC - Ashoka's Reign

 180 BC - Fall of the Mauryas & Rise of the Sungas

30 BC - Rise of the Satvahana Dynasty

50 AD - The Kushans and Kanishkas

320 AD - Chandragupta I establishes the Gupta dynasty

360 AD - Samudragupta conquers the North

380 AD - Chandragupta II comes to power

415 AD - Accession of Kumara Gupta I

467 AD - Skanda Gupta assumes power

892 AD - Rise of the Eastern Chalukyas

985 AD - The Chola Dynasty

H1026 - Ghazni sacks Somnath Temple

1191 - First Battle of Tarain

1192 - Second Battle of Tarain

1206 - Qutbuddin establishes the Slave Dynasty

1221 - Mongol invasion under Genghis Khan

1232 - Foundation of the Qutub Minar

1288 - Marco Polo visits India

1290 - Jalaludin Firuz Khalji establishes the Khalji dynasty

1320 - Ghiyasuddin Tughluk founds the Tughluk dynasty

1325 - Accession of Muhammad-bin-Tughluk

1336 - Foundation of Vijayanagar (Deccan)

1398 - Timur invades India

1424 - Rise of the Bahmani dynasty (Deccan)

1451 - The Lodi dynasty established in Delhi

1469 - Birth of Guru Nanak - The Founder of Sikhism

1489 - Adil Shah dynasty at Bijapur

1498 - First voyage of Vasco da gama

1510 - Portuguese capture Goa

1526 - Establishment of the Mughul Dynasty; First Battle of Panipat

1526-1530 - Reign of Babur

1530 - Humayun succeeds Babur

1539 - Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan

1555 - Humayun recovers the throne of Delhi

1556 - Accession of Akbar

1565 - Battle of Talikota

1568 - Fall of Chittor Garh

1576 - Battle of Haldighati

1577 - Akbar troops invade Khandesh

1597 - Akbar completes his conquests

1600 - Charter to the English East India Company

1605 - Jahangir

1609 - The Dutch open a factory at Pulicat

1615 - Submission of Mewar to the Mughals

1620 - Capture of Kangra Fort

1623 - Shah Jahan revolts against Jahangir

1628 - Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor

1636 - Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of Deccan

1646 - Shivaji captures Torna

1658 - Coronation of Aurangzeb

1666 - Death of Shah Jahan

1689 - Execution of Sambhaji

 1700 - Death of Rajaram

1707 - Death of Aurangzeb

1720 - Accession of Baji Rao Peshwa at Poona

1742 - Marathas invade Bengal

1748 - First Anglo-French war

1750 - War of the Deccan; Death of Nasir Jang

1756 - Siraj-ud-daulah captures CalcuttaINDIA: India's History

1757 - Battle of Plassey: The British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah

1760 - Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French

1761 - Third battle of Panipat

1764 - Battle of Buxar: The British defeat Mir Kasim

1765 - The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa

1767 -1769 - First Mysore War

1772 - Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal

1773 - The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament

1775 -1782 - The First Anglo-Maratha war

1780-1784 - Second Mysore War : The British defeat Hyder Ali

1784 - Pitt's India Act

1790-1792 - Third Mysore War between the British and Tipu

1793 - Permanent Settlement of Bengal

1799 - Fourth Mysore War: The British defeat Tipu

1802- Treaty of Bassein

1803-1805 - The Second Anglo-Maratha war

1814-1816 - The Anglo-Gurkha war

1817-1818 - The Pindari war

1824-1826 - The First Burmese war

1829 - Prohibition of Sati

1831 - Mysore administration taken over by East India Company

1833 - Renewal of Company's Charter

1833 - Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Empire

1838 - Tripartite treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the British

1839-1842 - First Afghan war

1843 - Gwalior war

1845-1846 - First Anglo-Sikh war

1848 - Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General

1848-1849 - Second Anglo-Sikh war

1852 - Second Anglo-Burmese war

1853 - Railway & Telegraph line introduced

1857 - First War of Indian Independence: The Sepoy Mutiny

1857 - Zanshichi Rani Laxmibai - Freedom struggle in 1857

1858 - British Crown takes over the Indian Government

1877 - The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India

1878 - Vernacular Press Act

1881 - Factory Act

1885 - First meeting of the Indian National Congress

1897 - Plague in Bombay; Famine Commission

1899 - Lord Curzon becomes Governor-General and Viceroy

1905 - The First Partition of Bengal

1906 - Formation of Muslim League

1911 - Partition of Bengal modified to create the Presidency of Bengal

1912 - The Imperial capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi

1913 - Educational Resolution of the Government of India

1915 - Defence of India Act

1916 - Home Rule League, Foundation of Women's University at Poona

1919 - Rowlatt Act evokes protests; Jalianwalla Bagh massacre;

1920 - The Khilafat Movement started, Non-co-operation Movement

1921 - Moplah (Muslim) rebellion in Malabar; Census of India

1922 - Civil Disobedience Movement, Chauri-Chaura violence

1925 - Reforms Enquiry committee Report

1927 - Indian Navy Act; Simon Commission Appointed

1928 - Simon Commission comes to India: Boycott by all parties

1929 - Lord Irwin promises Dominion Status for India; Trade Union split

1930 - Salt Satyagraha, First Round Table Conference

1931 - Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact

1932 - Third Round Table Conference, Poona Pact

1934 - Civil Disobedience Movement called off; Bihar Earthquake

1937 - Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy

1939 - Political deadlock in India as Congress ministries resign

1942 - Cripps Mission, Quit India Movement, Indian National Army

1944 - Gandhi-Jinnah Talks break down on Pakistan issue

1946 - Interim Government formed, Constituent Assembly's first meeting

1904 - 1947 - History of Indian Flag

3 June 1947 - Lord Mountbatten's plan for partition of India

15 Aug 1947 - Partition of India and Independence

 List of USA Presidents

1. George Washington 1789 -1797

2. John Adams 1797-1801

3. Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

4. James Madison 1809-1817

5. James Monroe 1817-1825

6. John Quincy Adams 1825-1829

7. Andrew Jackson 1829-1837

8. Martin Van Buren 1837-1841

9. William Henry Harrison 1841- 841

10. John Tyler 1841-1845

11. James Knox Polk 1845-1849

12. Zachary Taylor 1849-1850

13. Millard Fillmore 1850-1853

14. Franklin Pierce 1853-1857

15. James Buchanan 1857-1861

16. Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865

17. Andrew Johnson 1865-1869

18. Ulysses Simpson Grant 1869-1877

19. Rutherford Birchard Hayes 1877-1881

20. James Abram Garfield 1881

21. Chester Alan Arthur 1881-1885

22. Grover Cleveland 1885-1889

23. Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893

24. Grover Cleveland 1893-1897

25. William McKinley 1897-1901

26. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

27. William Howard Taft 1909-1913

28. Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

29. Warren Gamaliel Harding 1921-1923

30. Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929

31. Herbert Clark Hoover 1929-1933

32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933-1945

33. Harry S. Truman 1945-1953

34. Dwight David Eisenhower 1953-1961

35. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 1961-1963

36. Lyndon Baines Johnson 1963-1969

37. Richard Milhous Nixon 1969-1974

38. Gerald Rudolph Ford 1974-1977

39. James Earl Carter Jr. 1977-1981

40. Ronald Wilson Reagan 1981-1989

41. George Walker Bush 1989-1993

42. William Jefferson Clinton 1993-2001

43. George Walker Bush 2001-2009

44. Barack Hussein Obama 2009 -

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

(OPEC)

Country Region Joined OPEC

Algeria Africa 1969

Angola Africa 2007

Ecuador South America 2007

Iran Middle East 1960

Iraq Middle East 1960

Kuwait Middle East 1960

Libya Africa 1962

Nigeria Africa 1971

Qatar Middle East 1961

Saudi Arabia Middle East 1960

United Arab Emirates Middle East 1967

Venezuela South America 1960

Secretaries-General of the United Nations[13]
No. Name Country of origin period
1. Trygve Lie Norway 2 February 1946 --10 November 1952

2. Dag Hammarskjöld Sweden 10 April 1953 --18 September 1961

3. U Thant Burma 30 November --1961 1 January 1972

First Secretary-General from Asia

4. Kurt Waldheim Austria 1 January 1972 --1 January 1982

5. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Peru 1 January 1982 --1 January 1992

First Secretary-General from South America

6 .Boutros Boutros-Ghali Egypt 1 January 1992 --1 January 1997

First Secretary-General from Africa

7. Kofi Annan Ghana 1 January 1997 --1 January 2007

8 .Ban Ki-moon South Korea 1 January 2007 Incumbent

DETAILS OF UNO

Headquarters International territory in Manhattan, New York City

Official languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish

Membership 192 member states

Leaders Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

Establishment United Nations Charter 26 June 1945

South Asian Association for Regional

Cooperation ( saarc)

1.Afghanistan

2.Bangladesh

3.Bhutan

4.India
5.Maldives

6.Nepal

7.Pakistan

8.Sri Lanka

G-8 countries

1. Canada Prime Minister Stephen Harper

2.France President Nicolas Sarkozy

3.Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel

4.Italy Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi

President of the G8 for 2009

5.Japan Prime Minister Taro Aso

6.Russia President Dmitry Medvedev

7.United KingdomPrime Minister Gordon Brown

8.United StatesPresident George W. Bush

Also represented

European Union President José Manuel Barroso

President Václav Klaus

List of Commonwealth Countries

date
country constitutional status
joined
Anguilla 1931 British dependent territory
sovereign constitutional
Antigua and Barbuda 1981
monarchy
sovereign constitutional
Australia 1931
monarchy
Australian Antarctic Territory 1936 Australian external territory
sovereign constitutional
Bahamas 1973
monarchy
Bangladesh 1972 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
Barbados 1966
monarchy
sovereign constitutional
Belize 1982
monarchy
Bermuda 1931 British dependent territory
Botswana 1966 sovereign republic
British Antarctic Territory 1931 British dependent territory
British Indian Ocean
1965 British dependent territory
Territory
British Virgin Islands 1931 British dependent territory
Brunei 1984 sovereign monarchy
Cameroon 1995 emergent democratic republic
sovereign constitutional
Canada 1931
monarchy
Cayman Islands 1931 British dependent territory
Channel Islands (Guernsey,
1931 UK crown dependencies
Jersey)
Cook Islands 1931 New Zealand associated territory
Cyprus 1961 sovereign republic
Dominica 1978 sovereign republic
Falkland Islands 1931 British dependent territory
Falkland Islands
1931 British dependent territories
Dependencies
1970,
Fiji sovereign republic
1997
Gambia 1965 sovereign republic
Ghana 1957 sovereign republic
Gibraltar 1931 British dependent territory
sovereign constitutional
Grenada 1974
monarchy
Guyana 1966 sovereign republic
India 1947 sovereign republic
Isle of Man 1931 UK crown dependency
sovereign constitutional
Jamaica 1962
monarchy

Kenya 1963 sovereign republic

Kiribati 1979 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
Lesotho 1966
monarchy
Malawi 1964 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
Malaysia 1957
monarchy
Maldives 1982 sovereign republic
Malta 1964 sovereign republic
Mauritius 1968 sovereign republic
Montserrat 1931 British dependent territory
Mozambique 1995 emergent democratic republic
Namibia 1990 sovereign republic
Nauru 1968 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
New Zealand 1931
monarchy
Nigeria 1960 sovereign republic
New Zealand associated
Niue 1931
territory
Norfolk Island 1931 Australian external territory
Pakistan 1947 sovereign republic
Sovereign constitutional
Papua New Guinea 1975
monarchy
Pitcairn Islands 1931 British dependent territory
New Zealand associated
Ross Dependency 1931
territory
Seychelles 1976 sovereign republic
Sierra Leone 1961 sovereign republic
Singapore 1965 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
Solomon Islands 1978
monarchy
South Africa 1910 sovereign republic
Sri Lanka 1948 sovereign republic
sovereign constitutional
St Christopher-Nevis 1983
monarchy
St Helena 1931 British dependent territory
sovereign constitutional
St Lucia 1979
monarchy
St Vincent and the sovereign constitutional
1979
Grenadines monarchy
Swaziland 1968 sovereign republic
Tanzania 1961 sovereign republic
New Zealand associated
Tokelau 1931
territory
Tonga 1970 sovereign monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago 1962 sovereign republic
Turks and Caicos Islands 1931 British dependent territory
sovereign constitutional
Tuvalu 1978
monarchy
Uganda 1962 sovereign republic
United Kingdom (England,
sovereign constitutional
Scotland, Wales, Northern 1931
monarchy
Ireland)
Vanuatu 1980 sovereign republic
Western Samoa 1970 sovereign republic
Zambia 1964 sovereign republic
Zimbabwe 1980 sovereign republic

Treasure of World Heritage Sites:-

1. Agra Fort - The History of India is one such thing of which we can boast of with
great pride in front of our generations to come.....

2. Ajanta Caves - Cut into a horseshoe -shaped hillside , silent but for birdsong and
the rippling Waghora River below, Ajanta is a hidden sanctuary....

3. Buddhist Monastery at Sanchi - Nagging wife, traffic jam, scorching heat ,

irritated boss and meagre income..................the list of problems in the life of a
common man is limitless........
4. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park - The Champaner- Pavagadh
Archaeological Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which lies at about 47
kilometres north-east of Vadodara in Gujarat.......

5. Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus - The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was earlier

known by its very British nomenclature as Victoria Terminus or VT. It is one of
the major links of the on the Mumbai suburban railway network.......

6. Churches and Convents Of Goa - Goa is not only about the stunning beaches,
swaying palms, scenic coves, golden sand and mesmerising turquoise waters but
it is also about its architectural marvels which are fully displayed in its churches
and convents.......

7. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway - Hill Cart Road, emanates a reluctant chugging

sound every morning, and when you wait to find out ,you will discover something
emerging out of the dense white mist looking something like - out of a little boy's
Christmas stocking - well, you guessed it right- it's the Toy Train.......

8. Elephanta Caves - The historic Elephanta Caves is located at Elephanta Islands

in Mumbai. The Elephanta Caves is the pride owner of some of the finest rock -
cut sculptures in India. Elephanta is strewn with spiritual remnants....

9. Ellora Caves - Ellora is an ancient village that is located at about 30 km from the
city of Aurangabad in the state of Maharastra. Ellora is famous in all over the
world fir its spectacular monumental caves..........

10. Fatehpur Sikri - The majestic city of Fatehpur Sikri was built in 1571 by Mughal
emperor Akbar in the honour of Salim Chisti, a resident saint of Sikri. It is located
at about 26 miles west of Agra.......

11. Great Living Chola Temples - The Great Living Chola Temples were built
during the reign of the Chola dynasty in the south of India. The major temples are
the Brihadiswara Temple at Thanjavur, the temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram
and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.......

12. Group Of Monuments at Hampi - Hampi, a village in northern Karnataka is

situated on the southern bank of the river Tungabhadra river. Once it was the seat
of the mighty Vijainagara empire..........
13. Group Of Monuments at Mahabalipuram - Mahabalipuram is also known as
Mamallapuram after Mamalla who was responsible for creating the earliest
monument in the city, under the reign of the Pallava King, narshimha Varman
I......

14. Group Of Monuments at Pattadakal - Pattadakal is located in the Bijapur

district of Karnataka. It was the second capital and coronation town of the early
Chalukyas. The complex of Patadakal owns 10 temples which dates from 7th to
9th century AD...........

15. Humayun's Tomb - We know that Mughals loved gardens and the their culture
was heavily dictated by the Persian mores. All these features are well visible in
Humayun's tomb......

16. Kaziranga National Park - Situated on the banks of the Brahmaputra river in
Assam, Kaziranga is one of the famous wildlife parks in the world. It is a
stronghold of some of the most magnificent creatures.......

17. Keoladeo National Park - A bird does not sing because it has an answer. It sings
because it has a song...if you are not willing to trust me on that, then you are most
welcome to Keoladeo Ghana National Park......

18. Khajuraho Temples - Steeped in history, blessed by nature and sanctified by

faith - the temples of Khajuraho are India's unique gift to the world...

19. Konark Sun Temple - If you plan to visit a temple during your trip to Orissa,
then nothing else than the Konark Sun Temple would give you the religious and
spiritual satisfaction....

20. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya - If by leaving a small pleasure one
sees a great pleasure, let a wise man leave the small pleasure, and look to the
great.....sounds out of the world, right? Well! not really because our past is the
witness of great men who have been true followers of this teaching of Buddha and
many are trying hard to be one.....

21. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary - This park was designated as the World Heritage
Site in December 1985. It is a home to a great variety of wildlife.....
22. Nanda Devi National Park - This park is located near the Nanda Devi , the
second highest mountain peak of India and is famous for its unique high altitude
flora and fauna.....

23. Qutub Minar and Associated Monuments - Qutub Minar and Associated
Monuments, located in Delhi, showcase an excellent example of early Islamic
architecture.....

24. Rock Shelters Of Bhimbetka - This was added to the World UNESCO'S World
Heritage List in 2003. The rock shelters and caves have a several interesting
paintings, which date back to the Mesolithic period......

25. Sunderbans National Park - A home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, Sunderbans
National Park is a part of the world's largest delta formed by the Ganga and
Brahmaputra........

26. Taj Mahal - The de facto tourist emblem of India, Taj Mahal is the witness of
great love between Shah Jehan and his wife Mumtaz. This poignant Mughal
mausoleum has failed all those who have tried to sum up its beauty........

27. Red Fort- The 17th century Mughal architectural wonder -Red Fort was
bestowed the status of the World Heritage Site bu UNESCO on Thursday.......

Specialized Agencies of the UN

1. International Labour Organisation (ILO) : Established in 1919
and became the first specialised agency of the UN in 1946. It is composed of : (1)
International Labour Conference; (2) the Governing Body; and (3) the International
Labour Office. It has 177members. Headquarters-Geneva

Functions : (1) To adopt international conventions for the welfare of the labour; (2)
to watch the progress of their implementation; (3) to undertake extensive research
work and advisory activities in the field of labour welfare; and (4) to extend
technical assistance to governments.

2. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) : FAO was founded at a

conference in Quebec city on October 16, 1945, a date observed annually as World
Food Day. Its
members are 187 countries. Headquarters-Rome

Functions : (1) To continuously review food and agriculture position of the world;
(2) to undertake research with a view to devise new techniques and methods to
improve the production of food; (3) to eradicate animal diseases and to control
pests.

3. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) : Established in

1947 and headquarters are at Montreal. Its assembly composed of delegates from
185 member
countries.

It assists international civil aviation by encouraging : (1) use of safety measures; (2)
uniform regulations for operation; and (3) simpler procedures at borders of two
countries.

4. Universal Postal Union (UPU) : Established in 1875, possesses 190

member countries and its headquarters at Berne.

Functions : To ensure smooth organisation and perfection of the various postal

services and to promote the development of international cooperation in the field of
postal communications.

5. International Monetary Fund (lMF) : Established in 1945, possesses

184 member countries and the headquarters are at Washington.

Functions : (1) To stabilise internal exchange; (2) to remove artificial barriers

hindering international trade; (3) provide short-term foreign exchange assistance to
member-States.

6. International Bank for Construction and Development (IBRD)-

The World Bank : It began operations in June 1946. It has 184 members and
headquarters at Washington.

Functions : Its purpose is to provide funds, policy guidance and technical assistance
to facilitate economic development in its poorer member countries.

7. International Development Association (IDA) : Established in 1960

and administrated by the IBRD to provide assistance on concessional terms to the
poorest
developing countries, officers and staff of the lBRD serve concurrently as officers
and staff of the IDA at the World Bank headquarters. It has 143 members.

8. International Finance Corporation (lFC) : Established in July 1956. It

has 177 members and headquarters at Washington.
Functions : It helps to finance new ventures and assist established enterprises to
expand, improve or diversify and provides a variety of advisory services to public
and private sector.

9. World Trade Organisation (WTO) : It is the third pillar of the world's

economic system along with IMF and World Bank, with powers to settle disputes
between nations and widen the principle of free trade to sectors such as Services
and Agriculture. It has 150 members. It came into existence on January 1, 1995.

10. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organisation (UNESCO) : It came into existence in Nov., 1946, possesses
190 member countries and the headquarters at Paris.

Functions : It encourages universal respect for justice, rule of law, fundamental

freedom and human rights.

11. World Health Organisation (WHO) : It came into existence in 7 April,

1948, possesses 192 members. Its headquarters at Geneva.

Function : Its purpose is to raise health standard, eradicate epidemical diseases.

12. The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) :

Established in 1946, it originally sent postwar relief to children. Now it works for
the improvement of quality of life for children and mothers in developing countries.
Its headquarters at New York.

13. International Telecommunication Union (lTU) : It became a

specialised agency of UNO in 1947. It has 189 member countries and
headquarters at Geneva.

Function : To improve the efficiency of telecommunication service and their

availability to the public.

14. International Maritime Consulting Organisation (IMCO): IMCO

established in1958. It provides the machinery to governments to cooperate in
formulating regulations and practices relating to technical matters affecting
international shipping. IMCO has 157 members countries and its headquarters are
at London.

15. World Meterological Organisation (WMO) : It established in 1947.

It develops weather-forecasting services, including seasonal forecasting, and
through international collaboration contributes to tracking of global weather
conditions. It has 181 members. Headquarters-Geneva.
 16. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) : Established in 1957,
IAEA accelerates the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and as the international
inspectorate for the application of nuclear safeguards and verification measures
covering civilian nuclear
programmers. It has 138 member states and headquarters at Vienna.

17. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) :

Established in 1966, it help to the living conditions of people and promote global
prosperity by offering tailor made solutions for the sustainable industrial
development. It has 171 member states and headquarters at Vienna.

18. International Fund for Agricultural Development (lFAD) :

Established in Nov. 1977, it mobilizes resources for improved food production and
better nutrition among the poor in developing countries, focusing on the needs of
the poorest developing countries.
This body has 163 member countries and the headquarters at Rome.

19. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) : It became a

UN specialized agency in 1974. It has 182 member states and headquarters at
Geneva.

Functions: To promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world,

and to ensure administrative co-operation among the intellectual property.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)

Headquarters - Singapore

Type - Economic forum

Member countries --21 Leaders

Executive Director - Juan Carlos Capuñay

Establishment – 1989
Member economy Date of accession

1. Australia 1989

2. Brunei 1989

3. Canada 1989

4. Indonesia 1989

5. Japan 1989

6. Republic of Korea 1989

7. Malaysia 1989

8. New Zealand 1989

9. Philippines 1989

10. Singapore 1989

11. Thailand 1989

12. United States 1989

13. Republic of China 1991

14. Hong Kong, China 1991

15. People's Republic of China[4] 1991

16. Mexico 1993

17. Papua New Guinea 1993

18. Chile 1994

19. Peru 1998

20. Russia 1998

21. Vietnam 1998

No. Question Answer

01 The first Prime minister of Bangladesh was Mujibur Rehman
02 The longest river in the world is the Nile
03 The longest highway in the world is the Trans-Canada
04 The longest highway in the world has a length of About 8000 km
05 The highest mountain in the world is the Everest
The country that accounts for nearly one third of
06 Myanmar
the total teak production of the world is
07 The biggest desert in the world is the Sahara desert
08 The largest coffee growing country in the world is Brazil
09 The country also known as "country of Copper" is Zambia
The name given to the border which separates
10 Durand line
Pakistan and Afghanistan is
11 The river Volga flows out into the Capsian sea
12 The coldest place on the earth is Verkoyansk in Siberia
The country which ranks second in terms of land
13 Canada
area is
14 The largest Island in the Mediterranean sea is Sicily
15 The river Jordan flows out into the Dead sea
16 The biggest delta in the world is the Sunderbans
17 The capital city that stands on the river Danube is Belgrade
18 The Japanese call their country as Nippon
19 The length of the English channel is 564 kilometres
20 The world's oldest known city is Damascus
The city which is also known as the City of Canals
21 Venice
is
22 The country in which river Wangchu flows is Myanmar
23 The biggest island of the world is Greenland
The city which is the biggest centre for
24 Detroit, USA
manufacture of automobiles in the world is
The country which is the largest producer of
25 USA
manganese in the world is
The country which is the largest producer of
26 Malaysia
rubber in the world is
The country which is the largest producer of tin in
27 Malaysia
the world is
 The river which carries maximum quantity of
28 Mississippi
water into the sea is the
The city which was once called the `Forbidden
29 Peking
City' was
30 The country called the Land of Rising Sun is Japan
31 Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest
32 The volcano Vesuvius is located in Italy
The country known as the Sugar Bowl of the world
33 Cuba
is
34 The length of the Suez Canal is 162.5 kilometers
35 The lowest point on earth is The coastal area of Dead sea
36 The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of Nepal
37 The largest ocean of the world is the Pacific ocean
Tsar Kolkol at Kremlin,
38 The largest bell in the world is the
Moscow
39 The biggest stadium in the world is the Strahov Stadium, Prague
40 The world's largest diamond producing country is South Africa
41 Australia was discovered by James Cook
42 The first Governor General of Pakistan is Mohammed Ali Jinnah
43 Dublin is situated at the mouth of river Liffey
44 The earlier name of New York city was New Amsterdam
45 The Eifel tower was built by Alexander Eiffel
46 The Red Cross was founded by Jean Henri Durant
The country which has the greatest population
47 Monaco
density is
48 The national flower of Britain is Rose
49 Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis Hennepin
50 The national flower of Italy is Lily
51 The national flower of China is Narcissus
The permanent secretariat of the SAARC is
52 Kathmandu
located at
53 The gateway to the Gulf of Iran is Strait of Hormuz
54 The first Industrial Revolution took place in England
55 World Environment Day is observed on 5th June
56 The first Republican President of America was Abraham Lincoln
57 The country famous for Samba dance is Brazil
58 The name of Alexander's horse was Beucephalus
59 Singapore was founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
60 The famous British one-eyed Admiral was Nelson
61 The earlier name of Sri Lanka was Ceylon
62 The UNO was formed in the year 1945
63 UNO stands for United Nations Organization
The independence day of South Korea is
64 15th August
celebrated on
`Last Judgement' was the first painting of an
65 Michelangelo
Italian painter named
66 Paradise Regained was written by John Milton
67 The first President of Egypt was Mohammed Nequib
68 The first man to reach North Pole was Rear Peary
69 The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was Guermica
70 The primary producer of newsprint in the world is Canada
71 The first explorer to reach the South Pole was Cap. Ronald Amundson
The person who is called the father of modern Italy
72 G.Garibaldi
is
73 World literacy day is celebrated on 8th September
74 The founder of modern Germany is Bismarck
The country known as the land of the midnight sun
75 Norway
is
76 The place known as the Roof of the world is Tibet
77 The founder of the Chinese Republic was San Yat Sen
78 The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was Abdul Salam
79 The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was Margaret Thatcher
80 The first Secretary General of the UNO was Trygve Lie
81 The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was Frederick Auguste Bartholdi
82 The port of Banku is situated in Azerbaijan
83 John F Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harry Oswald
84 The largest river in France is Lore
 The Queen of England who married her brother-in-
85 Catherine of Aragon
law was
The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace
86 Ralph Johnson Bunche
Prize was
The first British University to admit women for
87 London University
degree courses was
88 The principal export of Jamaica is Sugar
89 New York is popularly known as the city of Skyscrapers
90 Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of Cloves
The country known as the Land of White Elephant
91 Thailand
is
The country known as the Land of Morning Calm
92 Korea
is
93 The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is Bhutan
94 The highest waterfalls in the world is the Salto Angel Falls, Venezuela
United States Library of
95 The largest library in the world is the
Congress, Washington DC
 Abbreviations
A
AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India
AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation
AASU All Assam Students Union
ABM Anti Ballistic Missile
AC Alternate Current / Ashok Chakra / Air Conditioner / Antarctic Club
ACC Anxillary Cadet Core
AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)
ADB Asian Development Bank .
AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment
AGOC Asian Games Organisation Committee
AICC All India Congress Committee
AICTE All India Council of Technical Education
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
AIFE All India Football Federation
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AIL Aeronautics India Limited
AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board
AIR All India Radio (Broadcasting)
AITUE All India Trade Union Congress
AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon)
ANC African National Congress
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
APSC Army Postal Services Core
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)
ASWAC Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control
ATS Anti Tetanus Serum
B
BAMS Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BC Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus)
BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)
BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India
BEL Bharat Electronics Limited
BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg
BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited
BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial
Reconstruction Finance Board)
BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
B Pharma Bachelor of Pharmacy
BSF Border Security Force
C
CAD Command Area Development
CAG Comptroller and Auditor General
CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere
CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy
CAT Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerised Axial Tomography
CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute
CBI Central Bureau of Investigation
CBSE Central. Board of Secondary Education
CCEA Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
CCS Cabinet Committee on Security
C-DAC Centre For Development of Advance Computing
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDRI Central Drug Research Institute
CDS Compulsory Deposit Scheme
CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CISF Central Industrial Security Force
CITU , Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
COD Central Ordnance Depot
COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act
CPO Central Passport Organisation
CPRI Central Power Research Institute
CRPF Central Reserve Police Force
CRR Cash Reserve Ratio
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO Central Statistical Organisation
CTS Computerised Tomography Scanner
CVC Central Vigilance Commission
D
DDT Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane
DFDR 'Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)'
DIG Deputy Inspector General
D.Lit. Doctor of Literature
DM District Magistrate
DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
DNA Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid
DPAP 'Drought Prone Area Programme
DPC Dabhol Power Company
DPSA Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft
DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation
DTH Direct to Home
DVD Digital Versatile Disk
E
EAS Employment Assurance Scheme
ECD European Central Bank
ECG Electro Cardiogram
EEC European Economic Community
EEG Electro Encephalogram
ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
EMF Electromotive Force
EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
EPZ Export Processing Zone
ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act
EVM Electronic Voting Machine
EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of India
F
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA)
FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor
FCI Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India
FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)
FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act
FICCI Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board
FIR First Information Report
FRS Fellow of the Royal Society
FTII Films and Television Institute of India
FTZ Free Trade Zone
G
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
GIC General Insurance Corporation
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front
GNP Gross National Product
GPF General Provident Fund
GPO General Post Office
GPS Global Positioning System
GSI Geological Survey of India
H
HAC Hindustan Aluminium Corporation
HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
HCF Highest Common Factor
HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation
HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
HMT Hindustan Machine Tools
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation
HYVS High Yield Variety Seeds
I
IAAI International Airport Authority of India
lAC Indian Airlines Corporation
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICBM Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
ICC International Cricket Council
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICSI Indian Company Secretaries Institute
IDA International Development Agency
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India
IDO International Defence Organisation
IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited
IFA Indian Football Association
IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India
IFFI International Film Festival of India
IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative
IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions
IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration
lIS Indian Institute of Sciences
IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company
lIT Indian Institute of Technology
ILO International Labour Organisation
IMA Indian Military Academy
IMF International Monetary Fund
INGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art
INS Indian Naval Ship
INSAT Indian National Satellite
INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite
INTERPOL International Police Organisation
INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress
IOC International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation
IPC Indian Penal Code
IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force
IQ Intelligence Quotient
IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
IRC International Red Cross
IRDA Insurance Regulatory Development Authority
IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme
ISB Indian Standard Bureau
ISM Indian School of Mines
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
ISP Internet Services Provider
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
IST Indian Standard Time
ITBP Indo-Tibet Border Police
ITDC Indian Tourism Development Corporation
ITPO Indian Trade Promotion Organisation
ITO International Trade Organisation
ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress
J
JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
K
KG Kinder Garten
L
LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India
LLB Bachelor of Law
LLM Master of Law
LMG Light Machine Gum
LoC Line of Control (Pakistan)
LoAC Line of Actual Control (China)
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LSD Lysergic acid di-ethylamide
LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam
M
MA Master of Arts
MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MBA Master of Business Administration
MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
MBT Main Battle Tank
MCA Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer Application
MCC Melbourne Cricket Club
MD Doctor of Medicine
MFN Most Favoured Nation
MI Military Intelligence
MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act
MIT Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA)
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLC Member of Legislative Council
MNC Multi National Corporation
MRCP Member of Royal College of Physicians
MRCS Member of Royal College of Surgeons
MRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax
N
NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
NACO National AIDS Control Organisation
NAEP National Adult Education Programme
NAFED National Agricultural and Marketing Federation
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPP Narora Atomic Power Plant
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
NASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation
NASSCOM National Association of Software & Service Companies
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NCW National Commission for Women
NCCR National Council for Civil Right
NCERT National Council of Educational Research & Training
NDA National Defence Academy
NDDB National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat)
NDF National Defence Fund .
NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute
NEFA North-East Frontier Agency
NEPA National Environment Protection Authority
NFDC National Film Development Corporation
NFL National Fertilizer Limited
NHRC National Human Rights Commission
NICO New Information and Communication Order
NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation
NIIT National Institute of Information Technology
NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences
NITIE National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering
NMDS National Missile Defence System (US)
NMEP National Malaria Eradication Programme
NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
NPC National Productivity Council
NPP National Population Policy
NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
NRDC National Research and Development Corporation
NREP National Rural Employment Programme
NRI Non Resident Indian
NSC National Security Council
NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation
NTC National Textile Corporation
NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation
O
OGL Open General Licence
OIL Oil India Limited
OK All Correct
ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission
OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P
PCI Press Council of India
PCS Provincial Civil Services
Ph. D Doctor of 'Philosophy
PIN Posial lndex Number
PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation
PM Post Meridian / Prime Minister
POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act
PSLV Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle
PTI Press Trust of India
PRO Public Relations Officer
PTO Please Turn Over
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra
PVSM Param Vishisht Seva Medal
PWD Public Work's Department
PWG People's War Group
Q
QED Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved)
QEF Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done)
QEI Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found)
QMG Quarter Master General
R
RADAR Radio Angle Direction and Range
RAW Research and Analysis Wing
R&D Research and Development
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RDX Research Developed Explosive
RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College
RMS Railway Mail Service
RLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
RTO Regional Transport Officer
S
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAC Space Application Centre
SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement
SAI Sports Authority of India
SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SC Security Council/Supreme Court
SCI Shipping Corporation of India
SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises
SCRA Special Class Railway Apprentice
SDR Special Drawing Rights
SEBI Security Exchange Board of India
SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee
SHAR Shri Harikota Range
SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIS Secret Intelligence Service (U.K)
SITA Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act
SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle
SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals
SPICMC Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture
STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
STD Subscribers Trunk Dialing
STPI Software Technology Parks of India
SWAPO South West African People's Organisation
T
TA Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy
TC Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council
TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
TELEX Teleprinter Exchange
TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
TNT Tri-nitro-toluene
TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language
TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
TTE Travelling Ticket Examiner
TTFI Table Tennis Federation of India
TWA Trans World Airlines (USA)
U
UDC Upper Division Clerk
UFO Unidentified Flying Object
UGC University Grants Commission
UHT Ultra High Temperature
ULFA United Liberation Front of Assam
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEF United Nations Emergency Force
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation
UNFPA United Nations for Population Activities
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees
UNI United News of India
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
UNO United Nations Organisation
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
UPSC Union Public Service Commission
USP Unique Selling Proposition,
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
UTI Unit Trust of India
V
VAT Value Added Tax
VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme
VC Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross
VIP Very Important Person
VPP Value Payable Post
VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme
VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
W
WEF World Economic Forum
WHO World Health Organisation
WILL Wireless in Local Loop
WMO World Meteorological Organisation
WWF World Wild Life Fund
WPI Wholesale Price Index
WTO World Trade Organisation
WWF World Wild Life Fund for Nature
WWW World Wide Web
X
X-tian Christian
Y
YMCA Young Men's Christians Association
YWCA Young Women's Christians Association
Z
ZBB Zero Based Budgeting
ZPG Zero Population Growth
ZS Zoological Society
ZSI Zoological Survey of India
 Major Dynasties and Rulers of India

Century

6–4 BC Magadhan Ascendancy (North India)

544–492 Bimbisara
492–460 Ajatshatru

Mahapadma Nanda, Dhan Nanda

344–323

4–2 BC Mauryan Empire (Areas south of Karnataka)

324–300 Chandragupta Maurya
298–273 Bindusara

Ashoka
273–236

2–1 BC Shungas (Ganges valley and part of Central India)

184–151 Demetrius II
Menander (Milinda)
155–130

1 BC–AD 3 Satavahanas (North Deccan) 120 Gautamiputra Satakarni

1 BC–AD 3 Shakas (West India)
1 BC–AD 3 Kushanas (Northern India and Central Asia
78–106 Kanishka

AD 4–AD 6 Guptas (North India)

319/20–330 Chandragupta I
330–375 Samudragupta
375–413 Chandragupta II
413–455 Kumaragupta I
455–477 Skandagupta
AD 4–AD 9 Pallavas (Tamil Nadu)
AD 5–AD 6 Hunas (Northwestern India and Central Asia)
 AD 7 Harsha (North India and Central Asia)
300–888 Pallavas (Tamil Nadu)
630–668 Narasimhavaraman Mahamalla
695–722 Narasimhavaram II
556–757 Chalukyas of Vatapi (West and Central Deccan)
609–642 Pulakeshin II
7th to 10th C Pandyas of Madurai (Tamil Nadu)
668–815 Veruguna I
815–862 Shrimara Shrivallabha
862–867 Varaguna II
630–970 Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi (Andhra Pradesh)
750–1142 Rashtrakutra (West and Central Deccan)
773–1019 Pratiharas (West India and Upper Ganges)
850–1276 Cholas of Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu)
916–1203 Chandellas (Bundelkhand)
850–1195 Kalachuris of Tripuri (Madhya Pradesh)
973–1192 Chalukyas of Kalyani (West and Central Deccan)
974–1060 Paramaras (Malwa)
1090–1193 Gahadavalas (Kanauj)
1110–1327 Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra (South Deccan)
1118–1199 Senas (Bengal)
1190–1294 Yadavas of Deyagiri (North Deccan)
1206–1290 Ilbari
1290–1320 Khilji
1320–1414 Tughlaqus
1451–1526 Lodis
1526–1857 Mughals
1540–1555 Suri
1649–1818 Marathas
1708–1818 Peshwas
Prominent Figures of the Indian Freedom Movement

Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912)

A retired English member of the Indian Civil Services who sympathised with the Indian
cause and propagated the ideals of the Congress in Britain. He founded the Indian
National Congress in 1885 and was its first General Secretary.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856-1920)

An aggressive freedom fighter popularly known as 'The Father of Indian Unrest'. His
political career began in 1896 during the famine in the Deccan. His followers along with
him preached the relevant sections of the Famine Relief Code and motivated the people
to be bold and fearless in demanding their rights. He was first Indian leader to give the
slogan "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it". He is the author of Gita-Rahasaya
through which he taught the people to fight against oppression and unrighteousness. He
started two well-known newspapers: Kesari (Marathi) and Maratha (English) to rouse
national sentiments. The three leaders: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin
Chandra Pal are known in the history of Indian freedom movement as 'Lal, Bal, Pal'.

Bipin Chandra Pal (1858-1932)

One of the extremist leaders of the freedom struggle and an ardent supporter of the
boycott of foreign goods, the Swadeshi movement and national education. He did not
believe in Dominion Status and wanted full-fledged independence. Achieved national
stature after partition of Bengal. In the 1907 Surat Congress session, he fought for Tilak's
candidature for presidentship.

Dadabhai Naoroji (1824-1917)

Also known as the 'Grand Old Man of India', he was a prominent Congress leader and
worked for Swaraj in England which was the centre of his political activities. He was the
first Indian to be elected member of the House of Commons from a London county. He
authored Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

Surendranath Bannerji (1848-1925)

He entered the Indian Civil Services in 1869 but was dismissed for a minor irregularity.
He then established the Rippon College of which he remained the Principal for several
years. Surendranath Bannerji started a daily newspaper 'Bengal' which was published in
English. He was the president of Indian National Congress twice (1895 and 1902).

Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915)

Started as a maths teacher and rose to the position of Principal of the well-known
Ferguson College, Pune. He played a commendable role in the Imperial Legislative
Council of which he was a member in 1902. He founded 'The Servants of India Society'
and served as President of the Indian National Congress in 1907.
Ms Annie Besant (1847-1933)
Also known as the 'Grand Old Lady of Indian Nationalism'. She became member of the
Theosophical Society in 1889 and became its President in 1907. She settled in India and
worked for the social upliftment of the people. Ms Annie Besant joined the Congress and
in 1916 inaugurated the All India 'Home Rule League' in Madras. She played a prominent
role in uniting militant and moderate leaders at the Congress session in Lucknow in 1920.
Later she left the Congress but continued to serve India. She translated the Bhagawad
Gita into English.

Lala Lajpat Rai (1865-1928)

A dedicated social worker educationist, he joined the Indian National Congress in 1888.
He supported the extremist leaders in the 1907 Congress split-along with Tilak. Lal
Lajpat Rai started and edited a newspaper Young India, presided over the 1920 Congress
Session and became member of the Indian Legislative Assembly in 1923. In 1920 he led
the non-cooperation movement in Punjab and was sent to jail. On a visit to Lahore on
October 30, 1928, he suffered severe lathi blows in a police attack and later died of
injuries. He is also called 'Sher-e-Punjab' and 'Punjab Kesri'.

C. R. Das (1870-1925)
Also known as 'Deshbandhu', a lawyer in the Calcutta Bar he entered politics in 1920. He
presided over the Gaya Congress session and along with Motilal Nehru and Hakim Ajmal
Khan launched the 'Swaraj Party' in 1923.

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (1861-1946)

He joined the Congress in 1886 and was twice elected President of the Indian National
Congress. He represented the Hindu community at the Round Table Conference and
founded the Nationalist Party to protect rights of the Hindu community.

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

Known as 'Father of the Nation' and 'Bapu', he was a true believer of non-violence. He
led the Indian National Movement from 1920 to 1947. He worked for Hindu-Muslim
unity but was assassinated in 1948.

Subhash Chandra Bose (1897)

Also known as 'Netaji', he resigned from the Indian Civil Service in 1921 and supported
the non-cooperation movement led by Gandhiji. He was elected president of the Congress
in 1938 but left the Congress in 1939 and formed the 'Forward Black' party. Subhash
Chandra Bose was arrested during World War II but escaped from India and went to
Japan where he formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight the British but was
unsuccessful due to Japan's surrender after the war. It was Netaji's wish to unfurl the
national-flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. It is thus in his remembrance that the National Flag
is unfurled every year at Red Fort on August 15. He also gave the slogan 'Jai Hind' to the
nation. He is believed to have died in an air-crash in 1945.
Motilal Nehru (1861-1931)
A national leader of the Gandhian era; a noted lawyer of the Allahabad High Court,
Motilal Nehru joined the Home Rule League in 1917 and was elected president of the
Indian National Congress in 1930. He founded the Swaraj Party and donated his palatial
house 'Anand Bhawan' (later known as Swaraj Bhawan) to the Congress.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875-1950)

Also known as the 'Iron Man of India' Sardar Patel was Home Minister in independent
India's cabinet during which time he worked tirelessly for the integration of the Indian
princely states.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958)

A great national leader who believed in communal harmony, he was elected President of
the Indian National Congress in 1923 and was a close associate of Gandhiji. He remained
Union Minister of Education from January 1947 till his death on February 22,1958.

Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)

Joined the Congress in 1911. He also edited a Hindi weekly called Desh. He is said to
have changed the whole base of Indian politics after the 1920 Nagpur session of the
Congress by deciding to involve the masses in the freedom movement. He remained Food
and Agriculture Minister in the interim ministry and was elected President of the
Constituent Assembly in 1947. He later took over as President of India between 1952 and
1962.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

A leading member of the Indian National Congress. As Congress President at the 1929
Lahore Session he declared that complete independence was the aim of the Congress.
Jawaharlal Nehru remained PM of India from 1947 till his death. He pronounced the
doctrine of Panchsheel which is based on the ideology of peaceful co-existence and non-
alignment. He authored Discovery of India and Glimpses of World History, among other
books
 Indian Banks & Financial Institutions
A
Allahabad Bank http://www.allahabadbank.com

Andhra Bank http://www.andhrabank-india.com/

Bank of Baroda http://www.bankofbaroda.com/

Bank of India http://www.bankofindia.com

Bank of Maharashtra http://www.maharashtrabank.com/

Bombay Stock Exchange http://www.bseindia.com

BNP Paribas http://www.bnpparibas.co.in

Can Fin Homes http://www.canfinhomes.com/

Canara Bank http://www.canbankindia.com

Central Depository Services (India) Ltd http://www.cdslindia.com/

City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Ltd

http://www.cidcoindia.com

Corporation Bank http://www.corpbank.com/

Dena Bank http://www.denabank.com/

Export-Import Bank of India http://www.eximbankindia.com

Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations (FADA) http://auto.indiamart.com/auto-

industry/associations-fada.html

Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India (FEDAI) http://www.fedai.org.in/

G

Gujarat Industrial Investment Corporation Ltd. http://www.giicindia.com

Housing Development and Finance Corporation http://www.hdfc.com/

ICICI Bank http://www.icicibank.com

ICRA Ltd., Delhi http://www.icraindia.com

IDBI Bank Limited http://www.idbibank.com

IFCI Ltd. http://www.ifciltd.com/

Indian Bank http://www.indian-bank.com

Indian Bank`s Association (IBA) http://www.indianbanksassociation.org/

Indian Overseas Bank http://www.iob.com

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) http://www.idbi.com

Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd.(IIBI) http://www.iibiltd.com/

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) http://www.irdaindia.org/

Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India Ltd http://www.iseindia.com/

Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) http://www.licindia.com

National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) http://www.nabard.org/

National Security Depository India Ltd (NSDL) http://www.nsdl.co.in/

National Stock Exchange of India Ltd http://www.nseindia.com/

North Eastern Development Finance Corporation (NEDFI) http://www.nedfi.com/

O

Oriental Bank of Commerce http://www.obcindia.com

Pondicherry Industrial Promotion Development and Investment Corp. Ltd

http://www.internetindia.com/pipdic

Pradeshiya Industrial Development Corporation http://www.picup.com

Punjab & Sind Bank http://www.punjabandsindbank.com

Punjab National Bank http://www.pnbindia.com/

Reserve Bank of India http://www.rbi.org.in/

RIICO http://www.riico.com

SBI Capital Markets Limited http://www.sbicaps.com

SBI Gilts Limited http://www.sbigilts.com

Securities and Exchange Board of India http://www.sebi.com/

Small Industries Development Bank of India http://www.sidbi.com

State Bank of Hyderabad http://www.sbhyd.com/

State Bank of India http://www.sbi.co.in/

State Bank of India http://www.sbi.co.in/

State Bank of India http://www.sbi.co.in/

State Bank of Indore http://www.statebankofindore.com/

State Bank of Mysore http://www.mysorebank.com

State Bank of Saurashtra http://www.sbsbank.com

State Bank of Travancore http://www.sbtr.com

Syndicate Bank http://www.syndicatebank.com

Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corp (TIDCO) http://www.tidco.com

UCO Bank http://www.ucobank.com/

Udhyog Bandhu, UP http://www.upindia.com

Union Bank of India http://www.unionbankofindia.com

Unit Trust of India (UTI) http://www.unittrustofindia.com/

Vijaya Bank http://www.vijayabank.com

West Bengal Electronics Industry Development Corporation (WEBEL)

http://www.webel.com

West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation (WBIDC) http://www.wbidc.com

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)

Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)

Export - Import Bank of India (Exim Bank)

Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI) now (Industrial Investment Bank of

India)

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

National Housing Bank (NHB)

Unit Trust of India (UTI)

Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC)

Risk Capital and Technology Finance Corporation Ltd. (RCTC)

Technology Development and Information Company of India Ltd.(TDICI)

Tourism Finance Corporation of India Ltd. (TFCI)

Shipping Credit and Investment Company of India Ltd. (SCICI)

Discount and Finance House of India Ltd. (DFHI)

Securities Trading Corporation of India Ltd. (STCI)

Power Finance Corporation Ltd.

Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd.

Indian Railways Finance Corporation Ltd.

Infrastructure Development Finance Co. Ltd.

Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO)

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd. (IREDA)

 Nationalized Banks in INDIA

1. Allahabad Bank

2. Andhra Bank

3. Bank of Baroda

4. Bank of India

5. Bank of Maharashtra

6. Canara Bank

7. Central Bank of India

8. Corporation Bank

9. Dena Bank

10. Indian Bank

11. Indian Overseas Bank

12. Oriental Bank of Commerce

13. Punjab and Sind Bank -
14. Punjab National Bank

15. Syndicate Bank

16. UCO Bank

17. Union Bank of India

18. United Bank of India

19. Vijaya Bank

 Private Sector Banks

a. Bank of Rajasthan Ltd.

2. Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd.

3. City Union Bank Ltd

4. Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd

5 Federal Bank Ltd

6. ING Vysya Bank Ltd.

7. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd

8 Karnataka Bank Ltd

9. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd

10. Lakshmi Vilas Bank Ltd

11. Nainital Bank Ltd

12. Ratnakar Bank Ltd.

13. SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd.

14. South Indian Bank Ltd.

15. Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd.

16. United Western Bank Ltd.

17. Bank of Punjab Ltd. (since merged with Centurian Bank)

18. Centurian Bank of Punjab (since merged with HDFC Bank)

19. Development Credit Bank Ltd.

20. HDFC Bank Ltd.

21. ICICI Bank Ltd.

22. IndusInd Bank Ltd.

23. Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.

24. Axis Bank (earlier UTI Bank)

25. Yes Bank Ltd.

Foreign Banks in INDIA

ABN-AMRO Bank N.V. -

Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd.

American Express Bank Ltd.

Barclays Bank PLC

BNP Paribas

Citibank N.A.

DBS Bank Ltd

Deutsche Bank AG

HSBC Ltd.

Standard Chartered Bank

State Bank of Mauritius Ltd

 INSURANCE COMPANIES
 General Insurance Companies In India

 Birla Sun Life Financial Services

 Birla Sun Life

 Birla Sun Life Insurance Company In India

 Bajaj Allianz Insurance Company In India

 Om Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance Company In India

 Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Co. Ltd

 Ing Vysya Life Insurance Co. Ltd

 Max Life Insurance Co. Ltd

 HDFC Standard Life Insurance

 Metlife Insurance

 Sahara India Life Insurance

 ANZ Insurance

 Amsure Insurance

 Cholamandalam MS General Insurance

 Employee State Insurance Corporation

 Export Credit Guarantee Corporation Of India Ltd

 ICICI Lombard

 Agriculture Insurance Company F India Ltd

 Peerless Smart Financial Solutions

 IFFCO TOKIO

 Tata AIG Insurance

 Reliance Life Insurance

 SBI Life Insurance

INVESTIMENTS COMAPNIES

Reliance Power IPO

:: Investment Scenario

:: Mutual Funds

:: Derivatives

:: Best investment in India

:: Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund

:: Fidelity Investment India

:: Foreign Investment India

:: Dolat Investment

:: Franklin templeton Investment India

:: India Stock and investment

:: India-Investment Fund

:: Investment bank in India

:: Mutual Fund Investment India

:: NRI India Investment

:: Real Eastate investment India

::ATN International
 Car Manufacturers In India
 Hindustan Motors

 Maruti Udyog

 Reva Electric Car Co

 Daimler Chrysler India Private Ltd

 Fiat India Private Ltd

 Ford India Ltd

 General Motors India

 Honda Siel Cars India Ltd

 Hyundai Motors India Ltd

 Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd

 Skoda Auto India Private Ltd

 AUDI AG

 BMW

 CHEVROLET

 FORCE MOTORS

 NISSAN MOTOR CO. LTD

 PORSCHE

 ROLLS-ROYCE MOTOR

 San Motors

 TATA MOTORS

 Daewoo Motors

TWO WHEELER Manufacturers

 TVS Motor Company

 Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India (Pvt.) Ltd

 LML (India) Limited

 Hero Honda Motors India Limited

 Royal Enfield Motors India Ltd

 Yamaha Motors India Pvt. Ltd

 Mopeds in India

 Motorcycles in India

 Scooters in India

 Bajaj Auto Ltd

 Kinetic Motor Co. Ltd

 Monto Motors

 Suzuki Motor Corporation

 Books and authors
Books Authors
A Bend in the river V.S. Naipaul
A Brush with Life Satish Gujral
A Conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth
S.S. Kohli
Sahib
A Foreign Policy for India I.K. Gujral
A Himalayan Love Story Namita Gokhale
A Last Leap South Vladimir Zhirinovsky
A Nation Flawed-Lesson from Indian History P.N. Chopra
A Peep into the Past Vasant Navrekar
A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
A Psychoanalysis of the Prophets Abdulla Kamal
A Reveolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
A Secular Agenda Arun Shourie
A Simple Path Lucinda Vardey
A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
A Tale of Two Gardens Octavio Paz
A Tribute to People's Princess: Diana Peter Donelli
A Tryst With Destiny Stanley Wolfer
Abbot Walter Scott
Absalom, Absalom William Faulkner
Absalom and Achitophel John Dryden
Acoession to Extinction D.R. Mankekar
Across Borders, Fifty-years of India's Foreign
J.N. Dixit
Policy
Adam Bede George Eliot
Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
Adonis P.B. Shelley
Adrain Mole-The Wilderness Years Sue Townsend
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe
Adventures of Sally P.G. Wodehouse
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain
Adversary in the House lrving Stone
Advice and Consent Allen Drury
Aeneid Virgil
Affairs C.P.Snow
Affluent Society J.K.Galbraith
Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx and Mujahid R.H. Magnus & Eden Naby
Africa's Challenge to America Chester Bowles
After All These Years Susan Issacs
After the Dark Night S.M. Ali
Against the Grain Boris Yeltsin
Age of Reason Jean Paul Sartre
Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi
Agni Veena Kazi Nazrul Islam
Agony and the Ecstasy Irving Stone
Ain-i-Akbari Abul Fazal
Airport Arthur Hailey
Ajatshatru Jai Shankar Prasad
Akbarnama Abul Fazal
Alaska Unbound James Michener
Alchemist Ben Johnson
Alexander Quartet Lawrence Durrel
Alexander the Great John Gunther
Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll
Alien Nation Peter Brimelow
All for Love John Dryden
All is Well that Ends Well William Shakespeare
All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque
All the King's Men Robert Penn Warren
All the President's Men Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward
All things Bright and Beautiful James Herroit
All Under Heaven Pearl S.Buck
Along the Road Aldous Huxley
Altered States Anita Brookner
Amar Kosh Amar Singh
Ambassador's Journal J.K. Galbraith
Ambassador's Report Chester Bowles
Amelia Henry Fielding
American Capitalism J.K. Galbraith
An American Dilemma Gunnar Myrdal
An American Tragedy Theodore Dreiser
An Apology for Idlers Robert Louis Stevenson
An Autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru
An Eye to China David Selbourne
An idealist View of Life Dr.S. Radhakrishnan
Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Anatomy of a Flawed inheritance J.N. Dixit
Ancient Evenings Norman Mailer
Ancient Mariner Samuel Taylor Coleridge
And Quiet Flows the Don Mikhali Sholokhov
And Through the Looking Glass Lewis Carroll
Androcles and the Lion George Bernard Shaw
Angry Letters Willem Doevenduin
Anguish of Deprived Lakshmidhar Mishra
Animal Farm George Orwell
Anna Karenina Count Leo Tolstoy
Another Life Derek Walcott
Answer to History Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Antic Hay Aldous Huxley
Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare
Ape and Essence Aldous Huxley
Apple Cart George Bernad Shaw
Arabian Nights Sir Richard Burton
Area of Darkness V.S. Naipaul
Arion and the Dolphin Vikram Seth
Arms and the Man George Bernard Shaw
Around the World in Eighty Days Jules verne
Arrangement Elia Kazan
Arrival and Departure Arthur Koestler
Arrow in the Blue Arthur Koestler
Arrow of Good Joseph Conrad
Arrowsmith Sinclair Lewis
Arthashastra Kautilya
As I Lay Dying William Faulkner
As You Like It William Shakespeare
Ascent of the Everest Sir John Hunt
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Asia and Western Dominance K.M. Panikkar
Asian Drama Gunnar Myrdal
Aspects of the Novel E.M. Forster
Assassination of a Prime Minister S.Anandram
Assignment Colombo J.N. Dixit
Assignment India Christopher Thomas
Athenian Constitution Aristotle
Atoms of Hope Mohan Sundara Rajan
August 1914 Alexander Solzhenitsyn
August Coup Mikhali S. Gorbachev
Author's Farce Henry Fielding
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Autumn Leaves O.Pulla Reddi
Avanti Sundari Dandin
Babbit Sinclair Lewis
Baburnama Babur
Baby and Child Penelope Leach
Back to Methuselah G.B. Shaw
Backward Place Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Bandicoot Run Manohar Malgonkar
Bang-i-Dara Mohammad lqbal
Bangla Desh-The Unifinished Revolution Lawrence Lifschultz
Banyan Tree Hugh Tinker
Beach Boy Ardesher Vakil
Beast and Man Murry Midgley
Beating the Street Peter Lynch
Beginning of the Beginning Acharya Rajneesh
Beloved Toni Morrison
Ben Hur Lewis Wallace
Bend in the Ganges Manohar Malgonkar
Bermuda Triangle Charles Berlitz
Berry Patches Yevgeny Yevtushenko
Best and the Brightest David Halberstan
Betrayal of Pearl Harbour James Rusbridger and Eric Nave
Between Hope and History Bill Clinton
Between Hope and History Bill Clinton
Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
Bewildered India-Identity, Pluralism, Discord Rasheedud-din Khan
Beyond Boundaries: A Memoire Swaraj Paul
Beyond the Horizon Eugene O'Neill
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self Sisir Kumar Ghose
Beyond Peace Richard Nixon
Bhagwat Gita Veda Vyas
Bharal Aur Europe Nirmal Verma
Bharat Bharati Maithili Sharan Gupta
Bharaitya Parampara Ke Mool Swar Govind Chandra Pande
Big Fisherman Lloyd C. Douglas
Big Money P.G. Wodehouse
Bill the Conqueror P.G. Wodehouse
Billy Albert French
Biographia Literaria Samuel Taylor coleridge
Birds and Beasts Mark Twain
Birth and Death of The Sun George Gamow
Birth and Evolution of the soul Annie Besant
Birth of Europe Robert, S. Lopez
Bisarjan R.N. Tagore
Bitter Sweet Noel Coward
Black Arrow Robert Louis Stevenson
Black Diaspora Ronald Segal
Black Holes and Baby Universes Stephen Hawking
Black Sheep Honore de Balzac
Black Tulip Alexander Dumas
Bleak House Charles Dickens
Blind Ambitions John Dean
Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak
Blind Men of Hindoostan-indo-Pak Nuclear War Gen. Krishnaswamy Sundarji
Bliss was it in that Dawn Minoo Masani
Bloodline Sidney Sheldon
Blood Sport James Stewart
Blue Bird Maurice Macterlink
Bofors: The Ambassador's Evidence B.M. Oza
Bone People Keri Hulme
Book of the Sword Sir Richard Burton
Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's
Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Partition
Born Free Joy Adamson
Bostaan Sheikh Saadi
Bread, Beauty and Revolution Khwaja Ahmed Abbas
Breaking the Silence Anees Jung
Breakthrough Gen.Moshe Dayan
Bride for the Sahib and Other Stories Khushwant Singh
Bridge's Book of Beauty Mulk Raj Anand
Bridges of Madison Country R.J. Waller
Brif History of Time Stephen Hawking
Brishbikkha Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Britain's True History Prem Bhatia
Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu
Brothers Karamazhov Fyodor Dostoevski
Bubble Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam Ashvaghosha
Bunch of Old Letters Jawaharlal Nehru
Bureaucrazy M.K. Kaw
Butterfield 8 John O'Hara
By God's Decree Kapil Dev
By Love Possessed James Gould Cozzens
Byzantium W.B. Yeats
Caesar and Cleopatra G.B. Shaw
Call the Briefing Martin Fitzwater
Cancer Ward Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Canterbury Tales G.Chaucer
Canvass of Life Sheila Gujral
Caravans James A. Michener
Cardinal Henry M. Robinson
Castle Franz Kafka
Catch-22 Joseph Heller
Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger
Centennial James Michener
Chance Joseph Conrad
Chandalika Rabindranath Tagore
Chemmeen Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Cherry Orchard Anton Chekhov
Chidambara Sumitranandan Pant
Chikaveera Rajendra Masti Venkatesh lyengar
Child Who Never Grew Pearl S. Buck
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage George Byron
Childhood Maxim Gorky
Children of Gabelawi Naquib Mahfouz
Children of the Sun Maxim Gorky
China Passage J.K. Galbraith
China-Past and Present Pearl S. Buck
China's Watergate Leo Goodstadt
Chinese Betrayal B.N. Mullick
Chitra Rabindranath Tagore
Choma's Drum K. Shivaram Karanath
Christabel Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Christmas Tales Charles Dickens
Chronicle of a Death Foretold Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Chithirappaavai P.V. Akilandam
City of Joy Dominique Lapierre
City of Saints Sir Richard Burton
Class Erich Segal
Climate of Treason Andrew Boyle
Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess
Clown Heinrich Boll
Cocktail Party T.S. Eliot
Colonel Sun Kingsley Amis
Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare
Common Sense Thomas Paine
Communist Manifesto Karl Marx
Confessions J.J.Rousseau
Confessions of a Lover Mulk Raj Anand
Comus John Milton
Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit S.T. Coleridge
Confessions of an English Opium Eater, Thomas De Quincy
Confidential Clerk T.S. Eliot
Confrontation with Pakistan Gen. B.M. Kaul
Conquest of Happiness Bertrand Russell
Conquest of Self Mahatma Gandhi
Conservationist Nadine Gordimer
Continent of Circle Nirad C.Chaudhuri
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Count of Monte Cristo Alexander Dumas
Coup John Updike
Court Dancer Rabindranath Tagore
Coverly Papers Joseph Addison
Cranford Mrs. Gaskell
Creation Gore Vidal
Crescent Moon Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Over Kashmir Anil Maheshwari
Cricket on the Hearth Charles Dickens
Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky
Crisis in India Ronald Segal
Crisis into Chaos E.M.S. Namboodiripad
Critical Mass William E. Burrows
Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant
Crossing in River Caryl Phillips
Crossing the Sacred Line-Women's
Abhilasha & Sabina Kidwai
Search for Political Power
Crossing the Threshold of Hope Pope John Paul II
Crown and the Loincloth Chaman Nahal
Crown of Wild Olive John Ruskin
Cry, My Beloved Country Alan Patan
Cuckold Kiran Nagar Kar
Culture and Anarchy Matthew Arnold
Culture in the Vanity Bag Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Curtain Raisers K. Natwar Singh
Damsel in Distress P.G. Wodehouse
Dancing with the Devil Rod Barker
Dangerous Plaqce Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Dangerous Summer Emest Hemingway
Dangling Man Saul Bellow
Daniel Deronda Geroge Eliot
Dark Room R.K. Narayan
Dark Debts Karen Hall
Dark Home Coming Eric Lustbader
Dark Side of Camelot Seymour Hersh
Darkness at Noon Arthur Koestler
Das Kapital Karl Marx
Dashkumar Charitam Dandi
Daughter of the East Benazir Bhutto
David Copperfield Charles Dickens
Day in Shadow Nayantara Sehgal
Day of the Jackal Frederick Forsyth
Days of Grace Arthur Ashe & Arnold Rampersad
Days of his Grace Eyvind Johnson
Days of My Yers H.P. Nanda
De Profundis Oscar Wilde
Dean's December Saul Bellow
Death and After Annie Besant
Death Be Not Proud John Gunther
Death in the Castle Pearl S. Buck
Death in Venice Thomas Mann
Death of a City Amrita Pritam
Death of a Patriot R.E. Harrington
Death on the Nile Agatha Christie
Death of a President William Manchester
Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller
Death-The Supreme Friend Kakasaheb Kalelkar
Death Under sail C.P. Snow
Debacle Emile Zola
Decameron Giovannie Boccaccio
Decline and Fall of Indira Gandhi D.R. Mankekar and Kamala Mankekar
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon
Decline of the West O' Spengler
Democracy Means Bread and Freedom Piloo Mody
Democracy Redeemed V.K. Narsimhan
Descent of Man Charles Darwin
Deserted Village Oliver Goldsmith
Desperate Remedies Thomas Hardy
Detective Arthur Hailey
Devadas Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
Dharmashastra Manu
Dialogue with Death Arthur Koestler
Diana-Her Time Story in Her Own Words Andrew Martin
Diana-Princess of Wales : A Tribute Tim Graham
Diana-The Story So Far Julia Donelli
Diana-The True Story Andrew Morton
Diana Versus Charles James Whitaker
Die Blendung Elias Canetti
Dilemma of Our Time Harold Joseph Laski
Diplomacy Henry Kissinger
Diplomacy and Disillustion George Urbans
Diplomacy in Peace and War J.N. Kaul
Disappearing Acts Terry McMillan
Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums Manohar Malgonkar
Distant Neighbours Kuldip Nayar
Divine Comedy A.Dante
Divine Life Swami Sivananda
Doctor Faustus Christopher Marlowe
Doctor's Dilemma G.B.Shaw
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevensan
Dr. Zhivago Boris Pasternak
Doll's House lbsen
Dolly-The Birth of a Clone Jina Kolata
Don Juan George Byron
Don Quixote Cervantes
Don't Laugh-We are Police Bishan Lal Vohra
Double Betrayal Paula R. Newburg
Double Helix J.D. Watson
Double Tongue William Golding
Double Teeth U.B. Sinclair
Drogon's Seed Pearl S. Buck
Dream in Hawaii Bhabani Bhattacharya
Dram of Fair to Middling Women Samuel Beckett
Dreams, Roses and Fire Eyvind Johnson
Drunkard Emile Zola
Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change Chandra Shekhar
Earth Emile Zola
Earth in the Balance: Forging a New
Al Gore
Common Purpose
Earth Mother Pupul Jayakar
East of Eden B.N. Mullick
East West Salman Rushdie
East Wind Pearl S. Buck
Economic Planning of India Ashok Mehta
Economics of Peace and Laughter John K. Galbraith
Economics of the Third World S.K. Ray
Education of Public Man Hubert Humphrey
Edwina and Nehru Catherine Clement
Egmont J.W. Von Goethe
Eight Lives Rajmohan Gandhi
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Gray
Emile J.J. Rousseau
Eminent Churchillians Andrew Roberts
Emma Jane Austen
Empire of the Soul: Some Journeys in India Paul William Roberts
Ends and Means Aldous Huxley
End of a Beautiful Era Joseph Brodsky
End of an Era C.S. Pandit
End of History and the Last Man Francis Fukuyama
End of the Chapter John Forsyte
Enemies Maxim Gorky
English August Upamanyu Chatterjee
Envoy to Nehru Escott Reid
Erewhon Samuel Butler
Escape John Forsyte
Eassay on Life Samuel Butler
Essays for Poor to the Rich John Kenneth Galbraith
Essays in Criticism Matthew Arnold
Essays On Gita Aurobindo Ghosh
Essays of Elia Charles Lamb
Estate Issac Bashevis Singer
Eternal Himalayas Major H.P.S.Ahluwalia
Eternal India Indira Gandhi
Eternity Anwar Shaikh
Ethics Aristotle
Europa Time Parks
Eugenie Grandet Honore de Balzac
Everlasting Man G.K. Chesterton
Executioner's Song Norman Mailer
Exile and the Kingdom Albert Camus
Expanding Universe Arthur Stanley Eddington
Eye of the Storm Patrick White
Eyeless in Gaza Aldous Huxley
Faces to Everest Maj. H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Facts are Facts Khan Abdul Wali Khan
Fairie Queene Edmund Spencer
Faith & Fire: A Way Within Madhu Tandon
Fall of a Sparrow Salim Ali
Family Moskat Issac Bashevis Singer
Family Reunion T.S.Eliot
Famished Road Ben Okri
Far From the Madding Crowd Thomas Hardy
Far Pavilions M.M.Kaye
Faraway Music Svetlana Allilueva
Farewell to the Trumpets James Morris
Farewell to a Ghost Manoj Das
Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway
Farm House George Orwell
Fasana-i-Azad Ratan Nath Sarkar
Fathers and Sons lvan Turgenev
Faust J.W. Von Goethe
Faustus Chirstopher Marlow
Fidelio L.Beethoven
Fiesta Ernest Hemingway
Fifth Column Ernest Hemingway
Fifth Horseman Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Final Days Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Final Passage Caryl Phillips
Finding a Voice-Asian Women in Britain Amrit Wilson
Fine Balance Rohinton Mistry
Fire Next Time James Baldwin
Fire Under the Snow: Testimony of a Tibetan
Palden Gyatso
Prisoner
First Circle Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Flags in the Dust William Faulkner
Flames from the Ashes P.D. Tandon
Flounder Gunder Grass
Follywood Flashback Bunny Reuben
Food, Nutrition and Poverty in India V.K.R.V. Rao
For the President's Eyes Only Christopher Andrew
For Whom the Bell Tolls Emest Hemingway
Forbidden Sea Tara Ali Baig
Forsyte Saga John Galsworthy
Fortynine Days Amrita Pritam
Franklin's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Fraternity John Forsyte
Free Man's Worship Bertrand Russell
Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
French Revolution Thomas Carlyle
Freedom Behind Bars Sheikh Mohd. Abdullah
Freedom from Fear Aung San Suu Kyi
French Leave P.G. Wodehouse
Friend Samuel Tayelor Coleridge
Friends and Foes Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
Friends, Not Masters Ayub Khan
From Hero to Eternity James Jones
From india to America S.Chandrashekhar
From Raj to Rajiv Mark Tully and Zaheer Masani
From Rajpath to Lokpath Vijaya Raja Scindia
Frozen Assets P.G. Wodehouse
Full Moon P.G.Wodehouse
Future of NPT Savita Pande
Gambler Fyodor Dostoevsky
Ganadevata Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gandhi and Stalin Louis Fisher
Gardener Rabindra Nath Tagore
Garrick Year Margaret Drabble
Gathering Storm Winston Churchill
Geeta Govind Jaya Dev
Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar
Ghosts in the Machine Arthur Koestler
Girl in Blue P.G. Wodehouse
Girl On the Boat P.G. Wodehouse
Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gitanjali Rabindra Nath Tagore
Gladiators Arthur Koestler
Glimpses of Indian Ocean Z.A. Quasim
Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru
Go Down Moses William Faulkner
Goa Asif Currimbhoy
God and the Bible Mattew Arnold
Godan Munshi Prem Chand
Godfather Mario Puzo
Godrej: A Hundred Years B.K. Karanjia
Gold Bat P.G. Wodehouse
Golden Borough James Frazer
Golden Gate Vikram Seth
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu
Gone Away Dom Moraes
Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell
Good Earth Pearl S.Buck
Goodbye, Mr Chips James Hilton
Gora Rabindra Nath Tagore
Grace Notes Bernard Mac Lavarto
Grammar of Politics Harold Joseph Laski
Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck
Grapes and the Wind Pablo Neruda
Great Challenge Louis Fischer
Great Depression of 1990 Ravi Batra
Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald
Great lllusion Norman Angell
Great Tragedy Z.A. Bhutto
Grey Eminence Aldous Huxley
Grub Street Henry Fielding
Guide R.K. Narayan
Guide for the Perplexed E.F. Schumacher
Gul-e-Naghma Raghupati Sahai 'Firaq' Gorakhpuri
Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Gulistan Boston Sheikh Saadi
Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift
Gulzari Lal Nanda: A Peep
Promilla Kalhan
in the Service of the People
Gurusagaram O.V. Vijayan
Gypsy(poem) Pushkin
Hamlet William Shakespeare
Hard Times Charles Dickens
Harsha Charita Bana Bhatt
Hamsters C.P. Snow
Handful of Dust Evelyn Waugh
Happy Death Albert Camus
Harlot High and Low Honore de Balzac
Harvest Majula Padmanabhan
Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad
Heavem Has No Favourites Eric Maria Remarque
Heat and Dust Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Heavy Weather P.G. Wodehouse
Henderson the Rain King Saul Bellow
Heritage Anthony West
Hero of Our Times Richard Hough
Heroes and Hero worship Thomas Carlyle
Henry Esmond Thackeray
Heir Apparent Dr. Karan Singh
Higher than Hope Fatima Meer
Himalayan Blunder Brig J.P. Dalvi
Hindu View of Life Dr. S.Radhakrishnan
History of Hindu Chemistry Sir.P.C. Ray
Hitopadesh R.K.Narayan
Hindi Sahitya Aur Samvedna Ka Vikas R.S. Chaturvedi
Hind Swaraj M.K.Gandhi
Hindu Civilisation J.M. Barrie
Hinduism Nirad C.Choudhury
His Excellency Emile Zola
History of the English Speaking Peoples Sir Winston Churchil
Home Comings C.P. Snow
Honest Thief and Other Stories Fyodor Dostoevsky
Hornet's Nest Patricia Cornwell
Hot Water P.G. Wodehouse
Hound of the Baskervillese Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
House for Mr. Biswas V.S. Naipaul
House of the Dead Fyodor Dostoevsky
House of Spirits Isabel Allende
House Divided Pearl S. Buck
How Late It Was, How Late James Kelman
Human Factor Graham Greene
Human Knowledge Bertrand Russell
Humboldt's Gift Saul Bellow
Humour Ben Johnson
Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo
Hungry Stones Rabindra Nath Tagore
I am not an Island K.A Abbas
I Dare Parmesh Dangwal
I follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi
Idylls of the King Tennyson
I Muse; Therefore I am V.N.Narayanan
Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky
Idols Sunil Gavaskar
If I am Assassinated Z.A. Bhutto
Imperial Woman Pearl S. Buck
Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde
In Afghanistan's Shadow Salig S. Harrison
In Confidence Anatolyu Dobrynin
In Evil Hour Gabriel Garcia Marquez
In Light of India Octavio Paz
In Retrospect-The Tragedy
Robert S. McNamara
and Lessons of Vietnam
In Search of Gandhi Richard Attenborough
In Search of Identity Anwar el-Sadat
In the Afternoon of Time Dr.Rupert Snell
In the Bluest Eye Toni Morrison
In the Light of the Black Sun Rohit Manchanda
In the Shadow of Pines Mandeep Rai
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam & Dr. Y.S.
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium
Rajan
India-A Wounded Civilisation V.S. Naipaul
India discovered John Keay
India-Facing the Twenty-First Century Barbara Crossette
India-From Curzon to Nehru and After Durga Dass
India-From Midnight to the Millennium Shashi Tharoor
India-Independence Festival (1947-1997) Raghu Rai
India in Transition PRof.Jagdish Bhagwati
India is for Sale Chitra Subramaniam
India of Our Dreams M.V. Kamath
India Remembered Percival & Margaret Spear
India Today Rajni Palme Dutt
India We Left Hymphry Trevelyan
Indian Home Rule M.K. Gandhi
Indian Philosophy Dr.S.Radhakrishnan
India's China War Neville Maxwell
India's Culture the State the Arts & Beyond B.P. Singh
India's Economic Crisis Dr. Bimal Jalan
India's Economic Reforms and Development
I.J.Ahluwalia & I.M.D. Little
Essay's for Manmohan Singh
India's Rise to Power in the Twentieth
Sandy Gordon
Century & Beyond
Indian Arms Bazaar Maj-Gen, Pratap Narain
Indian Mansions Sarah Tiloston
India Changes Taya Zinkin
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Muslims Prof. Mohd.Mujeeb
India, the Critial Years Kuldip Nayar
Indo-Pakistan Conflict Russen Brines
Indica Megasthenes
Indira Gandhi's Emergence and Style Nayantara Sehgal
Indira's India S.Nihal Singh
Inferno Alighieri Dante
Inner Circle Jonathan First
Innocence of Father Brown G.K.Chesterton
Inside the CBI Joginder Singh
Inside the Third Reich Albert Spencer
Insider P.V. Narasimha Rao
In Memoriam Tennyson
Inside Asia John Gunther
Inside Europe John Gunther
Inside Africa John Gun ther
Insulted and the injured Fyodor Dostoevsky
Intelligence Services Dr. Bhashyam Kasturi
Interpreters Wole Soyinka
Intimacy Jean Paul Sartre
Intruder in the Dust William Faulkner
Invisible Man H.G. Wells
Iron in the Soul Jean Paul Sartre
Ironhand J.W. Von Goethe
Is Paris Burning Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Isabella John Keats
Islamic Bomb Stev Weissman & Herbert Krousney
Island inthe Streams Ernest Hemingway
It is Always Possible Kiran Bedi
Ivanov Anton Chekhov
Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott
Jack and Jackle-Portrait of an American
Chirstopher Anderson
Marriage
Jai Somnath K.M. Munshi
Jaguar Smile Salman Rushdie
Jajar, Churashir Maa Mahashweta Devi
Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte
Jankijeevanam Prof. Rajendra Mishra
Jawaharlal Nehru-A Communicator
A.K. Damodran
& Democratic Leader
Jawaharlal Nehru, Rebel and Statesman B.R. Nanda
Jazz Toni Morrison
Jean Christopher Romain Rolland
Jesus Rediscovered Malcolm Muggeridge
Jewel Danielle Steel
Jhoota Sach Yashpal
Jobs for Millions V.V. Giri
Joke Milan Kundra
Judge's Miscellany M. Hidayatullah
Julius Caesar William Shakespeare
Jurassic Park Michael Crichton
Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling
Junglee Girl Ginu Kamani
Kadambari Bana Bhatt
Kamadhenu Kubernath Ray
Kamasutra Vatsyayan
Kagaz Te Kanwas Amrita Pritam
Kamayani Jai Shankar Pandit
Kaleidoscope of India Tomoji Muto
Kali Aandhi Kamleshwar
Kanthapura Raja Rao
Kanyadaan Vijay Tendulkar
Kapal Kundala Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Kashmir-A Tale of Shame Hari Jaisingh
Kashmir-Behind the Vale M.J.Akbar
Kashmir Diary: Psychology of Militancy Gen.Arjun Ray
Kashmir-The Wounded Valley Ajit Bhattacharjee
Kashmir in the Crossfire Victoria Shaffield
Kashmir A Tragedy of Errors Tavleen Singh
Katghare Main Ram Sharan Joshi
Kayakalp Munshi Prem Chand
Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Keepers of the Keys Milan Kundera
Kenilworth Sir Walter Scott
Killer Angels Michael Shaara
Kissinger Years T.N. Kaul
Kidnapped R.L. Stevenson
King of Dark Chamber Rabindra Nath Tagore
Kiratarjuniya Bharavi
Kim Rudyard Kipling
King Lear Shakespeare
Kipps H.G.Wells
Kitni Navon Main Kitni Bar S.H.Vatsyayan
Koraner Nari Taslima Nasreen
Kore Kagaz Amrita Pritam
Kubla Khan S.T. Coleridge
Kulliyat Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava Kalidas
La Divine Comedia A. Dante
La Peste Albert Camus
Lady of the Lake Sir Walter Scott
Lady with the Lapdog Anton Chekhov
Lady Chatterly's Lover D.H.Lawrence
Lajja Taslima Nasreen
Lal Bahadur Shastri C.P. Srivastava
Last Analysis Saul Bellow
Last Burden Upamanyu, Chatterjee
Jean Louis Nou & Jacques
Last Maharaja
Pouchepadass
Last Orders Graham Swift
Last Days of Pompeii Edward George Lytton
Last Phase Pyare Lal
Last Things C.P. Snow
Law, Lawyers & Judges H.R. Bhardwaj
Laws Versus Justice V.R. Krishna lyer
Leaders Richard Nixon
Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman
Lead Kindly Light Cardinal Newman
Le Contract Social (The Social Contract) J.J. Rousseau
Les Miserables Victor Hugo
Legacy of a Divided Nation Prof. Mushirul Hasan
Latter from Peking Peral S. Buck
Letters From the Field Margaret Mead
Leviathan Thomas Hobbes
Liberty or Death Patrick French
Life and Death of Mr. Badman John Bunyan
Light That Failed Rudyard Kipling
Like Water for Chocolate Laura Esquivel
Life Divine Aurobindo Ghosh
Life is Elsewhere Milan Kundera
Life of Samuel Johnson James Boswell
Lines of Fate Mark Kharitonov
Lipika Rabindranath Tagore
Living Room Graham Greene
Long Shadow inside Stalin's Family Svetlana Allilyuyeva
Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela
Look Back in Anger John Osborne
Lord Jim Joseph Conrad
Lord of the Files William Golding
Lost Child Mulk Raj Anand
Lost Honour John Dean
Lost lllusion Honore de Balzac
Lotus Eaters A.Tennyson
Love and Longing in Bombay Vikram Chandra
Love in A Blue Time Hanif Khureshi
Lolita V.Nabokov
Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner Allan Sillitoe
Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene O'Neill
Love, Truth and A Little Malice Khushwant Singh
Lycidas John Milton
Macbeth William Shakespeare
Magic Mountain Thomas Mann
Mahabharata Vyasa
Malati Madhav Bhavabhuti
Magic Fishbone Charles Dickens
Magnificent Maharaja K.Natwar Singh
Mahatma Gandhi Girija Kumar Mathur
Major Barbara George Bernard Shaw
Making of a Midsummer Night's Dream David Selbourne
Malavikagnimitra Kalidas
Main Street Sinclair Lewis
Man, The Unknown Lewis Carroll
Man and Superman G.B. Shaw
Man for Moscow G.Lynne
Man of Property John Galsworthy
Man, Beast and Virtue Luigi Pirandello
Man eaters of Kumaon Jim Corbett
Marriage and Morals Bertrand Russell
Managing of the Future Peter, F. Drucker
Mama Terry McMillan
Man for All Seasons Robert Bolt
Man of Destiny George Bernard Shaw
Mandarin Simon de Beauvoir
Mankind and Mother Earth Arnold Toynbee
Mansfield Park Jane Austen
Manviya Sanskriti Ke Rachnatmak Aayam Prof. Raghuvansh
Many Worlds K.P.S. Menon
Masters C.P. Snow
Mati Matal Gopinath Mohanty
Maurice E.M. Forster
Mayor of Casterbridge Thomas Hardy
Meghdoot Kalidas
Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler
Memoris of the Second World War Churchill
Memoris of a Bystander: Life in Diplomacy lqbal Akhund
Momories of Hope Charles de Gaulle
Men Who Kepl the Secrets Thomas Powers
Men Who Killed Gandhi Manohar Malgonkar
Meri Rehen Meri Manzil Krishna Puri
Middle March George Eliot
Middle Ground Margaret Drabble
Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie
Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare
Mill on the Floss George Eliot
Million Mutinies Now V.S. Naipaul
Mirror of the Sea Joseph Conrad
Miser Moliere
Missed Oppertunites: Indo-Pak War 1965 Maj-Gen, Lakshman Singh
Mistaken identity Nayantara Sehgal
Moby Dick Herman Melville
Modern Painters John Ruskin
Mother India Katherine Mayo
Mod Classics Joseph Conrad
Modern South Asia: History, Culture,
Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal
Political Economy
Modernity Morality And The Mahatma Madhuri Santhanam Sondhi
Mondays on Dark Night of Moon Kirin Narayan
Mookhajjiva Kanasugalu K. Shivram Karanth
Moon and Six Pence W. Somerset Maugham
Moonlight Sonata L.Beethoven
Moonwalk Michael Jackson
Moor's Last Sigh Salman Rushdie
Mother Maxim Gorky
Mountbatten and Independent India Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Mountbatten and the Partition of India Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Mrinalini Bankim Chandra Charrerjee
Mritunjaya Shivaji Sawant
Mrs. De Winter Susah Hill
Mrs. Gandhi's Second Reign Arun Shourie
Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare
Mudra rakshasa Vishakhadatta
Murder in the Cathedral T.S. Eliot
Mughal Maharajas And The Mahatma K.R.N. Swami
Murder on the Orient Express Agatha Christie
Murky Business Honore de Balzac
Murder of Aziz Khan Zulfikar Ghose
Muslim Law and the Constitution A.M. Bhattacharjea
My Days R.K. Narayan
My Early Life M.K. Gandhi
My Experiment With Truth M.K. Gandhi
My Life and Times V.V.Giri
My Own Boswell M.Hidayatullah
My Father, Deng Xiaoping Xiao Rong
My India S. Nihal Singh
My Music, My Love Ravi Shankar
My Presidential Years Ramaswamy Venkataraman
My Truth Indira Gandhi
Mysterious Universe James Jeans
My Several Worlds Pearl S. Buck
My Son's Father Dom Moraes
My South Block Years J.N. Dixit
My Struggles E.K. Nayanar
Myths of sisyphus Albert Camus
My Prison Diary J.P Narayan
Naari Humayun Azad
Nana Emile Zola
Naganandan Harsha Vardhana
Naku Thanthi D.R. Bendre
Nai Duniya Ko Salam & Pathor Ki Dewar Ali Sardar Jafri
Naivedyam (The Offering) N. Balamani Amma
Naked Came the Stranger Penelope Ashe
Nacked Face Sydney Sheldon
Naked Triangle Balwant Gargi
Napoleon of Notting Hill G.K. Chesterton
Nature and the Language Politics of India Robert D.King
Nehru Family and Sikhs Harbans Singh
Nelson Mandela: A Biography Martin Meredith
Netaji-Dead or Alive Samar Guha
Never At Home Dom Moraes
New Dimensions of Peace Chester Bowles
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy Atal Behari Vajpayee
Nice Guys Finish Second B.K. Nehru
Nicholas Nickelby Charles Dickens
Night Manager John le Carre
Nile Basin Sir Richard Burton
Nine Days Wonder John Mansfield
Nisheeth Uma Shankar Joshi
Niti-Sataka Bhartrihari
Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell
1999-Victory Without War Richard Nixon
Nirbashita Narir Kabita Taslima Nasreen
Non-Violence in Peace and War M.K. Gandhi
North Seamus Heanev
Northanger Abbey Jane Austen
Nothing Like The Sun Anthony Burgess
No Full stops in India Mark Tully
G.G. Mirchandani and P.K.S.
Nuclear India
Namboodari
Nurturing Development Ismail Serageldin
Nursery Alice Lewis Carroll
O'Jerusalem Larry Collins and Dominique Lepierre
Odakkuzal G.Shankara Kurup
Odyssey Homer
Of Human Bondage W.Somerset Maugham
Oh, Le Beaux Jours Samuel Beckett
Old Curiosity Shop Charles Dickens
Old Goriot Honore de Balzac
Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway
Old Path: white Clouds Thich Nht Hanh
Oliver's Story Erich Segal
Oliver Twist Erich Segal
Oliver Twist Charles Dickens
Omeros Derek Walcott
On History Eric Hobswan
One Day in the Life of lvan Denisovich Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
One-eyed Uncle Laxmikant Mahapatra
One World to Share Sridath Ramphal
One the Threshold of Hope Pope john Paul
One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez
One Upmanship Stephen Potter
One World and India Arnold Toynbee
One World Wendell Wilkie
Only One Year Svetlana
Operation Bluestar-the True Story Lt-Gen.K.S. Brar
Operation Shylock Philip Roth
Origin of Species Charles Darwin
Oru Desathinte Katha S.K. Pottekatt
Other Side of Midnight Sydney Sheldon
Othello Shakespeare
Our Films, Their Films Satyajit Ray
Our India Minoo Masani
Out of Dust F.D. Karaka
Paddy Clarke Ha, Ha, Ha Reddy Doyle
Padmavati Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painted Veil W. Somerset Maugham
Painter of Signs R.K. Narayan
Pair of Blue Eyes Thomas Hardy
Pakistan in the 20th Century
Lawrence Ziring
Political History
Pakistan Crisis David Loshak
Pakistan Papers Mani Shankar Aiyer
Pakistan-The Gathering Storm Benazir Bhutto
Panchagram Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya
Panchtantra Vishnu Sharma
Paradise Lost John Milton
Pakistan Cut to Size D.R. Mankekar
Paradiso Alighieri Dante
Paradise Regained John Milton
Passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Passage to India E.M. Forster
Past and Present Thomas Carlyle
Past Forward G.R. Narayanan
Pather Panchali Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyopadhyaya
Path to Power Margaret Thatcher
Patriot Pearl S. Buck
Pavilion of Women Pearl S. Buck
Peculiar Music Emily Bronte
Peter Pan J.M. Barrie
Personal of Democracy P.C. Alexander
Personal Adventure Theodore H. White
Persuasion Jane Austen
Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens
Pilgrim's Progress John Bunyan
Pillow Problems and the Tangled Tale Lewis Carroll
Pinjar Amrita Pritam
Plague Albert Camus
Plans for Departure Nayantara Sehgal
Pleading Guilty Scott Turow
Poison Belt Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Politics Aristotle
Portrait of India Ved Mehta
Possessed Albert Camus
Post Office Rabindranath Tagore
Power and Glory Graham Greene
Power of Movement in Plants Charles Darwin
Power That Be David Halberstan
Prathama Pratishruti Ashapurna Devi
Prem Pachisi Prem Chand
Prelude William Wordsworth
Premonitions P.N. Haksar
Preparing for the Twentieth Century Paul Kennedy
Price of Partition Rafiq Zakaria
Price of Power-Kissinger in the Nixon White
Seymour M. Hersh
House
Princess in Love Ann Pasternak
Prison and Chocolate Cake Nayantara Sehgal
Prison Diary Jayaprakash Narayan
Prisoner of Zenda Anthony Hope
Prisoner's Scrapbook L.K. Advani
Primary Colors Anonymous
Prince Machiavelli
Prithviraj Raso Chand Bardai
Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
Principia Isaac Newton
Professor Charlotte Bronte
Profiles & Letters K. Natwar Singh
Promises to Keep Chester Bowles
Punjab, The Knights of Falsehood K.P.S. Gill
Purgatory Alighieri Dante
Pyramids of Sacrifice Peter L.Berger
Pygmation G.B. Shaw
Quarantene Jim Crass
Quest for Conscience Madhu Dandavate
R Documents Irving Wallace
Rabbit, Run John Updike
Radharani Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Rage of Angels Sydney Sheldon
Ragtime E.L. Doctorow
Raghuvamsa Kalidas
Rajtarangini Kalhana
Ram Charit Manas Tulsidas
Ramayana Maharishi Valmiki (in Sanskrit)
Ramayana Dharshanam K.V. Puttappa
Rangbhoomi Prem Chand
Rains Came Louis Bromefield
Rain King Saul Bellow
Rainbow Pearl S. Buck
Raj : The Making & Unmaking of British India Lawrence James
Rang-e-Shairi Raghupati Sahai 'Firaq' Gorakhpuri
Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope
Rape of Nanking: An undeniable
Shi Young
History of Photographs
Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas
Rare Glimpses of the Raj Pran Nevile
Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the Ravi) Gulzar
Razor's Edge Somerset Maugham
Rebel Albert Camus
Rebirth Leonid Brezhnev
Red and Black Stendhal
Red Star Over China Edgar Snow
Red Wheel Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Rediscovering Gandhi Yogesh Chadha
Reflections on the Frence Revolution Edmund Burke
Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane
Remembering Babylon David Malouf
Reminiscences Thomas Carlyle
Reminiscences Thomas Carlyle
Reminiscences of the Nehru Age M.O. Mathai
Rendezvous with Rama Arthur C. Clark
Reprieve Jean Paul Sartre
Republic Plato
Rescue Joseph Conrad
Resurrection Leo Tolstoy
Return of the Aryans Bhagwan S. Gidwani
Return of the Native Thomas Hardy
Returning to the Source Acharya Rajneesh
Revenue Stamp Amrita Pritam
Rich Like Us Nayantara Sehgal
Riding the Storm Harold MacMillan
Rights the Man Thomas Paina
Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Paul Kennedy
Ritu Ka Pehla Phool Vijendra
Ritu Samhara Kalidas
Rivals R.B. Sheridan
River Sutra Gita Mehta
Road to Folly Leslie Ford
Road to Freedom K.K. Khullar
Robe Lloyd C. Douglas
Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe
Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare
Room at the Top John Braine Roots
Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald
Rukh Te Rishi Harbhajan Singh
Sader-i-Riyasat Karan Singh
Sardar Patel and Indian Muslims Rafiq Zakaria
Sakharam Binder Vijay Tendulkar
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satyartha Prakash Swami Dayanand
Smaler's Planet Saul Bellow
Sanctuary William Faulkner
Sands of Time Sidney Sheldon
Santa Evita Tomas Eloymartinez
Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie
Savitri Aurobindo Ghosh
Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne
Scarlet Pimpernel Baroness Orczy
Scenes from a Writer's Life Ruskin Bond
Sceptred Flute Sarojini Naidu
Schindlr's List Thomas Keneally
Scholar Extraordinary Nirad C. Chaudhuri
School for Scandal R.B. Sheridan
Scope of Happiness Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Search for Home Sasthi Brata
Second World War Winston Churchill
Secret Agent Joseph Conrad
Sense of Time S.H. Vatsyayan
Sesame and Lilies John Ruskin
Seven Lamps of Architecture John Ruskin
Seven Summers Mulk Raj Anand
Tale of a Tub Jonathan Swift
Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens
Tales from Shakespeare Charles Lamb
Tales of Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Talisman Sir Walter Scott
Tamas Bhisham Sahni
Tar Baby Toni Morrison
Tarkash Javed Akhtar
Tarzan of the Apes Edgar Rice Burroughs
Tehriq-e-Mujahideen Dr. Sadiq Hussain
Temple Tiger Jim Corbett
Tess of D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy
Thank You, Jeeves P.G. Wodehouse
The Age of Extremes Eric Holsbawm
The Assassination K. Mohandas
The Agenda-Indide the Clinton White House Bob Woodward
The Agony and Ecstasy Irving Stone
The Best and the Brightest David Malberstam
The Beach Tree Pearl S. Buck
The Betrayal of East Pakistan Lt. Gen. A.A.K. Niazi
The Calcutta Chromosome Amitav Ghosh
The Career & Legend of Vasco de Gama Sanjay Subramanyam
The Commitments Roddy Doyle
The Cardinal Henry Morton Robinson
The Changing World of Executive Peter Drucker
The Chinese Betrayal B.N. Mullick
The Congress Splits R.P. Rao
The Dark Side of Camelot Seymore Hersh
The Defeat or Distant Drumbeats Bhaskar Roy
The Diplomatic Bag John Ure
Ugly Duckling H.C. Anderson
Ulysses James Joyce
Uncle Tom's Cabin Mrs.Hariet Stowe
Unconsoled Kazuo Ishiguro
Under Western Eye Joseph Conrad
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai
Universe Around Us James Jeans
Until Darkness Parvin Ghaffari
Utouchable Mulk Raj Anand
Upturned Soil Mikhail Sholokov
Urvashi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
Uttar Ramcharita Bhava Bhuti
Utopia Thomas More
Unto This Last John Ruskin
Untold Story Gen.B.M.Kaul
Valley of Dolls Jacqueline Susanne
Vanity Fair Thackeray
Vendor of Sweets R.K.Narayan
Venisamhara Narayana Bhatt
Very Old Bones William Kennedy
Victim Saul Bellow
Victory Joseph Conrad
Video Nights in Kathmandu Pico Lyer
View from Delhi Chester Bowles
View from the UN U Thant
Vikram and the Vampire Sir Richard Burton
Village by the Sea Anita Desai
Village Mulk Raj Anand
Vinay Patrika Tulsidas
Virangana Maithili Sharan Gupta
Virginians William Thackeray
Vish Vriksha Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Voice of Conscience V.V. Giri
Voice of Freedom Nayantara Sehgal
Voice of the Voiceless Rutsh Harring
Waiting for Godot Samuel Becket
Waiting for the Mahatma R.K. Narayan
Waiting to Exhale Terry McMillan
Wake up India Annie Besant
Walls of Glass K.A. Abbas
War and Peace Tolstoy
War and No Peace Over Kashmir Maroof Raza
War Minus the Shooting Mike Marquesee
War of Indian Independence Vir Savarkar
War of the Worlds H.G.Wells
Waste Land T.S. Eliot
Way of the World William Congreve
We, Indians Khushwant Singh
We, the People N.A. Palkhivala
Wealth of Nations Adam Smith
Week with Gandhi Louis Fischer
West Wind Pearl S. Buck
Westward Ho Charles Kingsley
Where the Grass is Greener David M. Smith
While England Sleeps David Leavitt
White House Years Henry Kissinger
Widening Divide Rafiq Zakaria
Wings of fire, an Autobiography Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam & A. Tiwari
Witness to History Prem Bhatia
Without Fear or Favour Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Witness to an Era Frank Moraes
Women and Men in My Life Khushwant Singh
Wonder That Was India A.L. Basham
World According to Garp John Irving
World Within Words Stephen Spender
Wreck Rabindra Nath Tagore
Yajnaseni Dr. Pratibha Roy
Yama Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupta
Yayati V.S. Khandekar
Year of the Vulture Amita Malik
Years of Pilgrimage Dr.Raja Ramanna
Yesterday and Today K.P.S. Menon
Zool: The Final Odyssey Arthur C. Clarke
Zhivago,Dr. Boris Pasternak
Zlata's Diary-A Child's Zlata Filipovic Life in Sarajero
Zulfi, My Friend Piloo Mody
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto & Pakistan Rafi Raza

Official languages in India

Language Geographical distribution

Assamese/Axomiya Assam

Bengali West Bengal, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura (list)

Bodo Assam
Dogri Jammu and Kashmir
Gujarati Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu (list)
Hindi the "Hindi belt", Northern India
Kannada Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Goa (list)
Kashmiri Jammu and Kashmir
Konkani Konkan (Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala)
Maithili Bihar
Malayalam Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mahé, Puducherry
Manipuri (also Meitei or
Manipur
Meithei)
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra
Marathi
Pradesh, Goa (list)
Nepali Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam
Oriya Orissa
Punjabi Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana
Sanskrit Mattur
Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the
Santhali
states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)
Sindhi Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh (list
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil
Kerala, Maharashtra (list)
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra,
Telugu
Orissa (list)
Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar
Urdu
Pradesh

Classical dances in India

1. Bharatanatyam - Tamil Classical Dance

2. Odissi - Orissa Classical dance

3. Kuchipudi - Telugu Classical dance

4. Manipuri - Manipur Classical Dance

 5. Mohiniaattam - Kerala Classical Dance

6. Sattriya - Asamese Classical Dance

7. Kathakali - Malayalam Classical Dance

8. Kathak - North Indian Classical Dance

FOLK DANCES OF INDIAN STATES

1. UP = Nautanki , Ras Lila, Kajri, Karan.

2. Gujarat = Dandiya, Ganpathy, Raslila, Garba.

3. Goa = Dhakto, Shimgo, Golf, Talagadi, Tongamel, Musssal Khel, Corridinbo.

4. Daman = Gherba ( during Diwali )

5. Pndicherry = Poorakkali, Kolkali, Mascarada.

6. Tamil Nadu = Peacock dance, Horse dance, Rope, Bamboo dance, Karagam,
Kavadi.

7. West Bengal = Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan.

8. Karnataka = Suggi Kunitha, Kola-atta, Yakshagana.

9. Maharashtra = Dahikala, Tanassa, Dasaratar, Lezim, Dandaniya, Gafa,

Kathakeertan, Lovani.

10. Bihar = Jata Jatin, Gadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Natna.

11. Orissa = Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya, Dandante.

12. Andhra Pradesh = Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam ( Street Play ), Burrakatha.

13. Himachal Pradesh = Nati, Gurkhali, Bhangra & Raslila.

14. Punjab = Bale Bale, Giddha, Jummer, Ludi Sami.

15. Haryana = Phag, Loor, Dhamal, Jhoomer, Daph.

16. Rajasthan = Dhumer, Rai, Babajee, Garba, Ger, Lari, Dhokri, Gorba, Talwar,
Natch, Shankaria.
17. Chhatisgarh = Panthi, Danda, Sarhul, Raut, Suaa, Karma.

18. Uttaranchal = Jagar, Chaufulla, Jhumaila, Jhoda.

19. Jharkand = Karma, Jhumri, Panwari, Jogida.

National Symbols of India

Flag Tricolour

Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital

Anthem Jana Gana Mana

Song Vande Mataram

Animal Royal Bengal Tiger

Bird Indian Peafowl

Flower Lotus

Tree Banyan

Fruit Mango

Sport Field hockey

Calendar Saka