(Directly Proportional to Torque)

(Brake Mean Effective Pressure)

8% gain in torque at 1750 RPM

20% gain in torque at 2500 RPM
40% Gain in Horsepower

Torque = (Engine Volume * BMEP)/4*π

1750 = 1900 RPM

Figure 7 – Comparing BMEP of Diesel with Aquanol Conversion

1900 = 2200 RPM

2200 RPM = Full power

VS 3000 RPM on Diesel

Figure 8 – Comparing Power of the Diesel with Aquanol Conversion

CLEAN DIESEL CONVERSION SUMMARY

The University of Idaho and Automotive Resources, Inc. Converted a

Yanmar 1 liter Diesel engine from compression ignition Direct Injection
Diesel operation to Homogeneous Charge Catalytic Compression Ignition
(HCCCI) using 35% Water, 65% ethanol fuel.

The SmartPlug Catalytic Ignition system was used in place of the Diesel
Injectors. Low pressure, automotive, muti-port, electronic fuel injectors
supplied the fuel through the manifold.

Data from the NIATT Center (National Institute for Advanced Transportation
Technology) showed that the converted engine made 40% more power, had
55% better thermal efficiency and engine out NOx and Particulate were
below current standards without after treatment. The dilute ethanol fuel is
estimated to cost less that half the diesel fuel cost for the same power
output or distance traveled.

Table 6 – Emissions and efficiency at 1750 RPM and 720 kPa

Diesel Conversion
Indicated efficiency 27.1% 42.1% +55%
BSNOx [gm/kW*hr] 2.48 0 .478 -81%
Particulate Matter 30% Opacity Zero Opacity -100%

Table 7 – Emissions and efficiency at 2750 RPM and 720 kPa

. Diesel Conversion
Indicated efficiency 28.6% 38.4% +34%
BSNOx [gm/kW*hr] 4.24 0.265 -94%
Particulate Matter 17% Opacity Zero Opacity -100%

This Converted Diesel engine will start and run on 35% water, 65% ethanol
at all temperatures. It is more efficient, has more power and meets
emission standards without particulate filters or SCR (Selective Catalytic
Reduction).