Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
NP1 Unreinforced concrete non-pressure Pipes. For drainage and irrigation use, above ground Orin
shallow ranches.
NP2 Reinforced concrete, light-duty, Non pressure For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying light
pipes. traffic.
NP3 Reinforced concrete, heavy-duty, Non-pressure For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying
pipes. heavy traffic.
NP4 Reinforced concrete, heavy-duty, Non-pressure For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying very
pipes. heavy traffic, such as railway loadings.
P1 Reinforced concrete, Pressure pipes, tested to a For use on gravity mains, the design pressure not
hydrostatic pressure of 2-0 kg/cm2 ( 20 m head ) exceeding two-thirds of the test pressure.
P2 Reinforced concrete, Pressure pipes, tested to a For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not
hydrostatic pressure of4-0 kg/cm2 ( 40 m head ) exceeding half of the test pressure.
P3 Reinforced concrete, Pressure pipes, tested to a For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not
hydrostatic pressure of 6-0 kg/cm2 ( 60 m head ) exceeding half of the test pressure.
Product Testing
Added to this, concrete pipe manufacturers have strict quality control procedures that are implemented to ensure the whole
manufacturing process is accounted for. In particular this includes the mixing and batching of concrete, with appropriate
aggregates, admixtures and binders, using:
The quality systems are also required to ensure that the welding of steel reinforcement into cages is carefully monitored and
tested to ensure compliance.