COMPOSITION OF CEMEN TESTING OF MATERIALS Dr. B Guru Prom Director, WALMTARI (etd). EFFECTS Calcium carbonates (63-67%) ‘* Source of strength ‘© Excess increases setting time, causes expansion and disintegration of concrete. silica (21-24%) ~ © Imparts Strength © Excess increase setting tis ‘Alumina (4-7%) ‘¢ imparts setting properties © Excess redutes strength of conerete Iron Oxide (2-4 %) © Actsas flux, imparts colour, ‘¢ Aids in Combining lime and silica ‘Minor Constituents > Magnesia (0.1 -4%) - Provides colour and hardness. + Excess causes ynsoundness > Soda Potash (0.5- 1.3 %) > Calcium Sulphate (Gypsum) (1-3 %) * Imparts Setting time © Excess retards initial setting time + © Excess causes unsoundness, Page 1 of 7 1Physical Tests an cement, (1S: 4031-1968) , 1. Fineness: (Blains Permeability Apparatus) —~ L 0.P.C (is:269-1976) Drdivony Poitloud Comed 2250 cm?/em Il. Portland slag cement (P.S.C) (IS 455-1976) 2250 cm’/gm. ML P.P.c(ts 1489-2976) “YY, 6 golone Prtlowd Cement 3000em?/em IV. High Strength OB¢ ( G 43) (15:8112- 1976) “3500 cm’/gm V. Rapid hardening port fand cement (Is 8041-1978) 3250 cm?/emn Vi, Super Sulphate cement (IS 6906-1975) 4000 em?/gm a. Ifcementis super fine ( Fineness > 2280.cm"/gm , Say 3000 cm’/gm * tains early strength Shrinkage is more © Heat of hydration is more b, If cement is coarse. (fineness < 2250 cm’/gm, say 1500 cm?/gm) © Itwill not gain full strength in 28 days, it needs more time ©. If fineness is normal, it gains full strength in 28 days. (Le -Chartlier’s Apparatus ) For all types of cements, expansion shall not be more than 1mm, except for Super sulphate cement and high Alumina cements it should not be more than Smm. | + ‘The cement-paste shall not undergo targe volume changes. Such expansion may take place due to the delayed or slow hydration or reaction of some compounds present in hardened cement namely free lime, magnesia and calcium sulphate. 3, Setting Time: —_—_(Vicat’s aparatus) —— ¢ Initial setting Time: min. 30.mnts and max.600 mnts (10 hrs) + Final Setting Time: GOO mints, (10 hrs) Page 2 of 74. Compressive Strength (N/meh?): Type of Cement 3days 7days 28days 1 ope 16 2 33 4. PPC : 2 33 uM High Strength OPC 23 33 43 IV. Super sulphate Cement 15 2 30 Adulteration in Cement See ~____ Adultration _ 4 Particulars _ 30% | 45% | 65% | 765% | 86% Loss on ignition > 5% 4 (As per IS 269-1976) 28| 47| 565] 696] 92| 145 Silica 2232 | 1665] 118) 8.38 7] 36 3 Calcium Oxide iz 645 | 42.76| 3156| 1865| 39| 253 Chemical Tests on Cement (1.$.4032- 1968) |. Max. insoluble residue | Max. Magnesia I, Max, sulphuric anhydride Iv. Loss on Ignition 4% 6% 2.75% 25% Page 3 of 7