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Prepared by:
Rodney Pujada
Department of Chemistry
Los Angeles Trade Technical College
400 Washington Blvd, Los Angeles CA
April 12th, 2010
Rodney Pujada
Chemistry 101/ Section 4075
Prof: H. Lee
Days of class: Tuesday and Thursday
Time of class: 6.00 – 9:10 pm
Date Due : 12 th,2010
Report No 5
Determination of Empirical
Formula
Name: Rodney Pujada
I. Introduction
The objective of this experiment is to determine the ratio of the element, Mg, in a
compound, based on the law of definite composition: Each compound is
characterized by constant and definite composition. We determine the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide that if formed when it reacts with oxygen gas.
According to this law, the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction must
equal the total mass of the reactants.
Therefore, the ratio between the number of moles of magnesium used and the
number of moles of oxygen consumed can then be calculated and the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide can be written on the basis of this ration.
II. Material
III. Procedure
a) Take a strip of the magnesium metal and roll it into a loose ball
b) Put it in the crucible and weight together. Record the mass.
c) Heat the crucible with the lid completely covering its top.
d) Heat 5 minutes with a weak flame.
e) After 5 minutes, increase to a strong two-cone blue flame.
f) Use a crucible tong to open the lid slightly, then close it in order for the
oxygen to come in contact with the metal. Repeat the procedure of opening-
closing lid several times during the period (about 10 minutes) of heating.
(Careful not to ignite the magnesium with the flame.)
g) When the reaction is over, remove the flame and let the crucible cool down.
h) Open the lid and add a few drops of Water (about 3 or 4 drops) to react with
magnesium nitride.
i) Heat the crucible again with the lid slightly open for 2 minutes with gentle
heating, followed by 10 minutes of very strong heating.
j) Remove the flame and close the lid, and let the crucible cool down.
k) Weigh the crucible and contents, and record the mass.
Data:
Data:
-
4. Mole of the magnesium = ( 0.0797 g) / (24.3050 g/mol) = 3.279x10
3
mol of Mg
-3
5. Mole of the Oxygen = (0.1117 g) / (15.5994 g/mol) = 2.05 x10 mol of
O
Data:
Calculate n:
2 O * 15.994 g = 31.988 g
N= . molecular mass .
N= . 104.903 g .
40.3 g
N= 3
V. Conclusions:
2 Mg + O 2 == 2 MgO
Experimental mass 0.0797g 0.032 g 0.1117 g
Experiment 6:
This experiment demonstrates the technique used to determine the simple mole
ratio of the elements in a compound. Magnesium metal will be made to react with
oxygen of the air to produce a binary compound, magnesium oxide.
where x and y are the mole ratios of Mg and 0, respectively. The magnesium bums
by heating with a very hot flame. Under high temperatures the magnesium also
combines with the atmospheric nitrogen to produce magnesium nitride, which is not
the desired product for this experiment.
(heat)
EQUIPMENT
Crucible and cover, tongs, wire gauze, ring stand, iron ring, clay triangle, gas
burner, balance [Draw a sketch of the apparatus setup].
PROCEDURE
1.2. Heat them with a strong flame (two-cone flame with inner blue cone) for 8 to 10
minutes.
1.3. Turn off the flame and let the crucible cool down to room temperature.
2. Weigh the crucible and the lid carefully using an analytical balance, and record
the inass.
3. Determine the mass of magnesium.
3.4. Weigh and record the mass of the crucible, lid and Mg, using the same
analytical balance.
4. Heat the cnicible with the lid completely covering its top.
4.1. The heating must be gentle at first (about 5 minutes) with a weak flame.
5. Use a crucible tong to open the lid slightly, then close it in order for the oxygen to
come in contact with the metal. Repeat the procedure of opening-closing lid several
times during the period (about 10 minutes) of heating. (Careful not to ignite the
magnesium with the flame.)
6, When the reaction is over, remove the Ilame and let the crucible cool down.
7. Open the lid and add a few drops of Water (about 3 or 4 drops) to react with
magnesium nitride.
8. Heat the crucible again with the lid slightly open for 2 minutes with gentle
heating, followed by 10 minutes of very strong heating.
9. Remove the flame and close the lid, and let the crucible cool down.
10. Weigh the crucible and contents, and record the mass.
2. Mass of the crucible, lid, and metal (before heating) ____________ ______________
3. Mass of the crucible, lid, and metal oxide (after heating) ____________
______________
12. Divide your answers in (10) and (11) with the smallest answer, and report the
mole ratio as
14. Ask your instructor for the true formula weight of the compound, then
determine the formula of this metal oxide.
CONCLUSIONS
Run #1 Run #2
CALCULATIONS
Run #1
Run #2