RESEARCH AS A

SCIENTIFIC PROCESS


 

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Characteristics of Science & Research

Purposiveness
Rigor
Testability
Replicability
Precision & Confidence
Objectivity
Generalizability
Parsimony

 

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 Steps of Science & Research

Identification of a Problem
Theoretical framework
Defining Objectives
Hypotheses
Tool construction
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion --- Generalization

 

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 Research ± Scientific Process
We may conclude that ---

The characteristics of Science & Research

are same.
The steps of a scientific process &
those of a research process are same.

Hence we call Research a Science and

Research Process as a Scientific
Process.

 

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 What is a Good Research ?

Purpose clearly defined

Research process detailed
Research design thoroughly planned
High ethical standards applied
Limitations frankly revealed
Adequate analysis done
Findings presented unambiguously
Conclusions justified
Researcher¶s experience reflected

 

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 Sources of Knowledge

Customs & Traditions

Authority
Personal Experience
Logical Reasoning
Scientific Inquiry


 

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 Types of Thinking

Inductive ----- From loose data to

universal relationships which are
organized in the form of Laws, Theories
(Derivation of theory)

Deductive ----- From Laws & Rules to

facts ( Application of rules to specific
situations)


 

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 Components of Theory

r Words

r Concepts

r Constructs

r Theory (Knowledge Generation)

r Facts (Knowledge Generation)


 

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 THANK YOU


 

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