\mcm-bWKpcp-hns‚

Btflm-]-tZi-i-XIw

a\-\m-hn-jv°mcw
kzman kp[n

ONE-WORLD
Publishing House
Ernakulam-682315
 Malayalam Language
ATMOPADESA SATAKAM
(A Philosophical Work of Narayana Guru)

Contemplative Outpouring
SWAMI SUDHI

Published By
ONE-WORLD
Publishing House
Chethikode. P.O
Ernakulam- 682315.

Phone : 9447968014, 0484-2778515, 5502401

email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com

Cover : Bipin, Perumbavoor

Type :Nitya Chetana
Proof : Sabari, Niranjana, Akshaya
Printed at : Gurudev Off-Set, Ernakulam
Second Edition : July, 2006
Copies : 1000
Rights Reserved

Rs. 90
 kzman kp[n
1967¬ Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Ip≠-en-bq-cn¬ P\n-®p.
\t∂ sNdp-∏Ø - n¬Xs∂ tamt£—p Bbn-cp-∂p.
kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ hoSp-hn-´p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Hcp
kXym-t\z-jn-sb-t∏mse Ae-bp-Ibpw ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p.
k©m-cØ - n-\n-Sb - nepw ]T\w XpS¿∂p.
kmº-Øn-Ii - m-{k-Øn¬ _ncp-Zhpw
BwK-te-bk - m-ln-Xy-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-\¥ - c- _
- n-cp-Zhpw
Ign-®p. tP¿W-en-kØ - n¬ ]n.Pn Untπma t\Sn.
Ipd-®p-Imew ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I\ - mbn tPmen sNbvXp.
At∏m-tg°pw Kpcp-kh - n-[Ø - n¬ AW-bm-\p-ff
XrjvW AZ-ay-am-bn. AXn-\m¬ tPmenbpw
Km¿ln-IX - bpw If-™p.
Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X\ - y-bX - nb - psS injyXzw kzoI-cn-®p.
Kpcp-hns‚ \n¿t±-i{- ]-Imcw 1993¬
\mcm-bW - K- p-cp-Ip-eØ - n¬ tN¿∂p.
Du´n-bnse \mcm-bW - K - p-cp-Ip-eØ- n¬
Kpcp \nXybpsS kao-]h - ¿Øn-bmbn
Kpcp-tkh sNbvXp Pohn-°p-hm-\p-ff
`mKyhpw \ntbm-Khpw D≠m-bn.
 apJ-°p-dn∏v
Rms\mcp IY hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. bph-Xz-Øn-te°v Imeq-∂n-\n¬°p-
tºm-gmWv AXv hmbn-°m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. B IY hmbn-®t- ∏mƒ Rm\msI
Akz-ÿ\ - m-bn. ho´n¬\n∂pw Cd-ßn-\S- ∂ - p. ImcWw B IY shdp-
samcp IY am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√; A¥-cm¿∞-ßf - psS Hcp Ie-hd Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp∂p. Ft∂m-Sp-Xs- ∂-bp-ff Hcp-Xcw tNmZyw-sN-øe - m-bn-cp∂p AXv.
B IY Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp]t£, \nß-fn¬ ]mIw-
h∂ Hcp a\- p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu IY \nßsf tNmZyw sNøpw. C{Xbpw
\mfpw \n߃ [cn-®n-cp∂ s]mbvap-Jß - ƒ ]n®n-®o¥n°f-bpw. \nß-
fpsS Bflm-hns‚ imeo-\-ku-ay-X-bn¬ Hcp-thf Nne-h-gn-°m-\mbn
D≈w XpSn-®p-t]m-Ipw. C\n IY ]d-bs - ´........
Hcn-°¬ Hcp knwl- °p™v h∂pP\nbv ° m\n- S - h - ∂ Xv Hcp
B´n≥]-‰-Øn-\n-S-bnem-bn-cp-∂p. X≈-knwlw Cc-]n-Sn-°m-\mbn Hcp
Ip∂n¬\n∂pw FSp-Øp-Nm-Sn-b-t∏mƒ \ne-Øp-hogpIbpw Ahn-sS-In-
S∂p {]k-hn-bv°pI-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ip™ns\ {]k-hn® DSs\ X≈-
knwlw acn-®p. B knwl-°p-™ns‚ IÆpIƒ Xpd-∂n-´p-t]mepw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A{Xbpw sNdnb knwl-°p-™m-bn-cp-∂p. B´n≥°q-
´-Ønse X≈-bm-Sp-If - psS ape IpSn®v B knwl-°p™v hf¿∂p hep-
Xm-bn. BSp-Iƒ B knw-lsØ Xß-sf-t∏mse Icp-Xn. BSp-Iƒ Ic-
bp-∂X - p-t]mse knwlhpw Ic-bpw. BSp-Iƒ ]p√p Xn∂p-∂X - p-t]mse
B knwlhpw ]p√p-Xn∂pw. Ah¿ Hcp-an®p Ifn®p ckn-°pw. knwl-
Øns‚ BIm-cs - Ø-°p-dn®v BSp-Iƒt°m, BSp-If - psS BIm-ct- `-Zs
- Ø-
°p-dn®p knwl-Ønt\m Hcp kwi-bhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Aßs\ Ime-
߃ Hcp-]mSp Ign-™p-t]m-bn.
Hcn-°¬ Hcp hr≤-\mb knwlw B´n≥]-‰ß - f - psS ASp-Øp-IqsS
IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ CS-bm-bn. At∏mƒ B´n≥°q-´-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp
knwlw Ifn-®p-ck - n-°p-∂X - p-I≠v hr≤-\mb knwlw A¤pXw Iqdn.
B knwlsØ At∏mƒ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv, B´n≥°q-´-Ønse
knwlw BSn-s\-t∏mse Ic-bp-∂X - m-Wv. AXp ]p√v Nh-®p-Xn-∂p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. hr≤-\mb knwlsØ I≠-t∏mƒ a‰p BSp-Iƒ t]Sn-t®m-
Sm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏mƒ B´n≥]-‰-Ønse knwlhpw `b-∂p-hn-d®p
HmSm≥ XpS-ßn. CXp I≠-t∏mƒ hr≤-\mb knwl-Øn\p e÷bpw
tcmjhpw Hcp-an®p h∂p. Xs‚ Ipe-Øn\pXs∂ am\-lm\n hcp-Øn-
h-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wt√m Cu {]hrØn F∂p B knwlw Hm¿Øp. hr≤-
\mb B knwlw B´n≥Iq-´Ø - ns‚ IqsS Hm-Sn-t∏m-Ip∂ knwl-sØ-
∏n-Sn®v _e-ambn Hcp XSm-I° - c- b
- n-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-bn. t]Sn®p hnd-
]q≠ IÆp-It- fmsS, Xs∂ shdptX hnS-Ws - a∂p ]d™v B ]mhw
knwlw tIWp-Ic - ™
- p. F∂m¬ hr≤-\mb knwlw, Xs‚ h¿§-Øn\p
h∂p-tN¿∂ A]-am-\-I-c-amb A[x-]-X-\sØ am‰n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂
\n›-bt- Øm-Sp-IqSn XSm-I° - c - b
- nse kz—-amb Pe-Øn-\c - n-In¬ BSpI-
fp-ambn am\-kn-IX - m-Zmflyw ]q≠ knwlsØ sIm≠p-t]mbn \ndpØn.
F∂n´p K¿÷n-®p-sIm≠p ]d™p: “FSm hnUvVn! \o Fs‚ apJ-
tØ-s°m∂p t\m°q; F∂n´v B XSm-IØ - nse Pe-Øn¬ \ns‚ {]Xn-
—m-b H∂p ImWq.”
XSm-I-Ønse Pe-Øn¬ sXfn™ apJw I≠-t∏mƒ s]s´-∂m-
bn-cp∂p ]q¿∆n-I-amb Xs‚ kzXz-Øns‚ \n›bw Hcp shfn-]m-Sp-
t]mse B knwl-Øn¬ P\n-®X - v. B´n≥]-‰Ø- n-eI
- s- ∏´ knwl-Øns‚
D≈n¬\n∂pw At∏mƒ Hcp K¿÷\w AW-s]m-´n. B K¿÷\w ZnK-
¥-ßsf apg-°p∂ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp ho≠pw ho≠pw K¿÷n-®p.
B knwlw Xs‚ kzcq-]sØ Xncn-®d - n-™p. AXns‚ ]q¿∆nIamb
kvac-W-Iƒ DW¿∂p-h-∂p. hr≤-\mb knwlw CsX√mw I≠p
\n¬°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. hr≤-\mb knwl-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øn\p sIm®p-
knwlw \µn ]d-™p: “Aßn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-
Xhpw B B´n≥]-‰Ø - n-s‚-IqsS ]p√p-Xn∂p Xpe-®p-If - t- b≠n-hc - pam-
bn-cp-t∂-t\. Asß-\n°p ]pXn-sbmcp PohnXw X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.” hr≤-
\mb knwlw sNdnb knwlsØ a‰p knwl-ß-fpsS ASp-tØ°p
sIm≠p-t]m-bn.
\ΩpsS Pohn-Xhpw CtX-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw \ΩpsS Bfl-kz-
XzsØ ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. ]e ]e XmZm-fly-ßf - m¬ B´n≥]-
‰-Øn-e-I-s∏´ Hcp knwl-°p-™n-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv \mw hf-cp-∂-Xv.
IpSpw_ambn Pohn-®p-t]m-cp∂ \mw ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kmaq-ln-Ihpw
cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb _‘-ß-fmepw _‘-\-ß-fmepw kzX-
kn-≤-amb \ΩpsS kzcq]w ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B kzcq-]-Øns‚
aln-am-Xn-ibw a\- n-em-°msX sIm®p-sIm-®p- Xp-cp-Øp-If - n¬ kzm¿∞-
amb PohnXw \bn-°p-∂h - c- mWv \mw Gsd-t]-cpw.
Iptd-°mew Aßs\ Pohn-t°≠nh∂ Cubp-≈h - \v Bflm-hns‚
\nc-Xn-ib- Z- ¿∏-WØ - n¬ Fs‚ apJw ImWn-®p-X∂ alm-Im-cp-Wn-I\ - mWv
Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X\ - y-bX
- n. B Kpcp-hn-eq-sS-bmWv Rm≥ Fs‚ kzXz-
Øns‚ C\n-ab - p-ff {]Xew BZy-ambn \pW-™X - .v Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-
Xp-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw Ah-cpsS kzXzsØ Xncn-®d - n-bm-\p-ff IÆm-Sn-
bm-bn-cn-°Ww CXnse Hmtcm hm°pw F∂p Rm≥ {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w
A`n-ej - n-°p-Ib - m-W.v
\nd™ lrZ-b-tØmsS
kzman kp[n
 F¥pw hmbn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- apºv

Btflm-]-tZ-iiXIw Hcp imkv{X-am-Wv. Cu imkv{Xw B[p-

\n-Ii- mkv{Xw t]msebp≈ Hcp imkv{X-a√ - . B\p-`q-Xn-I⁄
- m-\a - p≈
Hcp Ejn-bpsS lrØm-cn¬ hnf™ AssZz-X-a-I-c-µw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.
At∏mƒ CXns\mcp ka-{KXbp-≠v. ka-{K-sa∂p ]d-bm≥ ImcWw,
CXns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcmØ H∂pw-X-s∂-bn√ F∂p-f-f-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
KW-\-bn¬s]-Sp-∂Xpw KW-\-bn¬\n∂p Ihn-™Xpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥
t]mcp∂ A\-¥-hn-im-e-XbmWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øns\ ka-{K-
am-°p-∂-Xv. ]qºm-‰-Iƒ ]d-∂p-\-S-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v IuXp-I-aq-dp∂ Hcp
sIm®p-Ip-™ns‚ t_m[Xehpw, \n¿hm-WØ - ns‚ [ym\-hn-lm-b  - n¬
A\p-`qXn \pW-™psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp tbmKn-bpsS t_m[Xehpw
Cu imkv{X-Øn¬ Htc-t]mse CSw Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v. hymk\pw \yq´-
\pw, sslk≥_¿Kpw IWm-Z-\pw, {InkvXphpw \_n-bpw, _p≤\pw
F√mw Btflm-]-tZ-i-km-K-c-Ønse tXtPm-X-cw-K-ß-fm-Wv.
am{X-a√, Cu imkv{X-Øn\p hy‡-amsbmcp e£yhpw {]Xn-]m-Z-
\-co-Xn-bpap-≠v. CXn¬ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p∂ hnjbw \ap°p ]cn-Nb - a - n-√m-
Ø-X√ - . B hnjbw \mw Xs∂-bm-Wv. tkm{I-´okpw D]-\n-jØ - nse
Ejnbpw Du∂n-bq∂n∏d™ {]tabw: “\o \ns∂-Xs∂ Adn-bp-I. B
Adnhv \ns∂ kzX-{¥-\m-°pw.” Aßs\ Rm≥ Fs∂ {]ta-ba - m°n
At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ {]]-©sØ kw_-‘n®pw
Cuiz-cs\ kw_-‘n®pw D≈ ]T-\ß - ƒ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn A¥¿`-hn-
°p∂p. aq∂p tNmZy-ßf - mWv BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn Hcp Pn⁄mkp tNmZn-
°p-∂X - v.
1 Cu temIw Fhn-sS-\n-∂p-≠mbn?
2 Rm≥ BcmWv?
3 F¥n\p Pohn-°Ww?
Cu aq∂p tNmZy-߃°pw DØcw \¬Im≥ Hmtcm-∂n\pw Hmtcm
imkv{Xw cq]oIr-Xa - m-bn-´p-≠v. H∂v kØm-im-kv{Xw (ontology). c≠v
⁄m\-im-kv{Xw (epistemology). aq∂v aqey-imkv{Xw (axiology).
Cu aq∂p imkv{X-ßf - nepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{X-Øn\pw \ne-bp-d∏ - n-
°m≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬ Kpcp-hm-Is´, Cu aq∂p imkv{X-tØbpw ‘{_“-
hnZy’ (The Science of the Absolute) F∂ Hcp kºq¿Æ-ka - \ - z-b-
X-{¥Øns‚ ]cn-KW - b - n¬ sIm≠p-h∂ - n-´mWv F√m Zm¿i-\n-Ik - a - k- y-
I-tfbpw ]cn-lc - n-°p-∂X - v.
Cu imkv { XsØ imkv t {Xm- N nX- a mbn ]d- ™ p- X - c p∂
imkv{X⁄≥ {io\mcm-bW - K- pcphmWv. K - pcp Bflm-arXw \pI¿∂
Hcp Ejn-hc - y-\m-Wv. ]c-a] - p-cp-jm¿∞-amb ap‡nsb kqcy-Xpeyw Bfl-
[m-cb - m°n am‰nb alm-a\ - o-jn-bp-am-Wv. kzbw-ap-‡\ - mb Kpcp am\p-
jy-IsØ apgp-h\pw ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°m-\mWv Btflm-]t- Z-ii - -
XIw cNn-®X - v. At∏mƒ ap‡n-bmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]Tn-°p-∂X - ns‚
{]tbm-P\ - w. F¥n¬ \n∂p≈ ap‡n-bmWv? A⁄m-\Ø - n¬\n-∂p-≈
ap‡n. A⁄m-\w-sIm-≠mWv Pohn-Xw _‘-\w-t]mse tXm∂p-∂Xpw
\mw ZpxJn-°p-∂X - p-sa-√mw. _‘\w tXm∂p-∂X - p-sIm-≠mWv Hcmƒ
imkv{Xw ]Tn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Btflm-]t- Z-ii - X- Iw Hcp tam£-
im-kv{X-am-Wv. F¥n¬\n-∂p≈ tamN\w? _‘-\Ø - n¬\n-∂p≈ tamN-
\w. ZpxJ-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w. {]m]-©n-IX - b - n¬\n∂p≈ tamN-
\w.
\mw Cu temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ C{µn-bß - f - n-eq-tSbpw
a\- n-eq-tSbpw hnj-bß - sf A\p-`h - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠.v Aßs\
C{µn-bß - ƒs°m≠pw a\- p-sIm≠pw _‘-s∏-Sp∂ hnj-bß - ƒ \sΩ
_‘n°p-∂p. CjvSc - q-]Ø- nepw A\n-jSv c - q-]Ø
- nepw DZm-ko-\c - q-]Ø- nepw
\sΩ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂t- Xm-sSm∏wXs∂ \mw
Cu temI-Øns‚ `mK-amWv. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS apºn-ep≈ \ma-cq-]m-fl-
I-am-bn-cn-°p∂ temIsØ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xv \Ωn¬\n∂pw A\y-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ Hcp hkvXp-t]m-se-bm-W.v AXp-sIm≠v \mw Cu temIsØ A\p-
`-hn-°p-∂Xv, ⁄mXm-hmbpw I¿Øm-hmbpw t`m‡m-hmbpw Hs°-bm-
Wv. \Ωn¬\n∂-pw A\y-am-bn-cn-°p∂ temIsØ ho≠pw ho≠pw `pPn-
°p-hm≥ hy{KXs∏´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ H∂mWv Poh≥. Poh≥ F∂pw
]q¿Æ-X-bv°p-th-≠n-bmWv {ian-°p∂Xv . Poh≥ PK-Øn-s\-bmWv
AXns‚ XrjvWsb HSp-°p-hm-\mbn `pPn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Aßs\
Poh≥ PK-Øns\ XrjvWm-\n-hr-Øn-°mbn `pPn°p-tºmƒ ho≠pw
ho≠pw _‘-\Ø - n-te°p t]mhp-∂p. F∂m¬ Iptd Ign-bp-tºmƒ Cu
Poh≥Xs∂ PK-Øn¬\n∂p≈ ap‡n B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
At∏mƒ B ap‡n°v tlXp-hm-bn-´mWv Cuiz-c≥ hcp-∂X - v.
Cuizc≥ kzX-{¥-\m-Wv. PK-Øns‚bpw Poh-s‚bpw {kjvSm-hm-
Wv . kwl¿Ømhpw Cuiz- c ≥Xs∂. krjv S n- I ¿Ømhpw
kwl¿Ømhpw Bbn-cn-°p∂ Cuiz-c≥ {]]©w F∂ eoesb (play)
Poh\neqsS Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-Ib - mWv sNøp-∂X - v. {]]©w F∂ \ma-cq-
]m-flI - a- m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp eoesb Poh≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂ {]mXn-`m-kn-
I-Xb - n-eqsS Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X - mWv BsI PK-Øns‚ s]mXp-hm-bn-´p≈
Bhn-jvIm-cX - {- ¥w.
Poh≥ _‘-\-ÿ-\mbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ B Pohs\ ap‡n-bn-te°v
B\-bn-°p∂ Hcp {]Xn-]m-Z-\-X{¥-am-bn-cn-°Ww imkv{X-Øn¬ D≠m-
bn-cn-t°-≠Xv. imkv{X-Øn\v Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ coXo-hn-[m\w (meth-
odology) Pohs\ Btflm-∑p-J-am-°n-sb-Sp-°pI am{X-am-Wv; As√-
¶n¬ Cuiz- t cm- ∑ p- J - a m°n Øo¿°p- I bmWv . GsXm- c - d n- h p- s Im-
≠mtWm \ap°v Cu PKØv _‘\w F∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-®Xv
B Adn-hmWv hnth-I-_p-≤n. _‘-Im-c-W-amb PK-Øns\ \ncm-I-cn-
t°-≠Xv Pohs‚ tam£-kn-≤n°v Ah-iyw-th≠ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv.
AXn-\p-th≠ hen-sbmcp Adn-hns\ Kpcp ]d-™p-X-cp-∂p.
Fs¥√mw Imcy-ßf - mWv Kpcp Btflm-]t- Z-ii - X- I- Ø- n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv?
H∂m-aX - mbn \mw At\z-jn-®d- n™p Is≠-tØ≠ H∂p-≠.v AXns\ ‘Icp’
F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - .v Icp {]m]-©n-Ik - Ø- b - m-W.v F∂p ]d-™m¬, Cu
{]]-©Ø - n\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v GtXm AXmWv Icp. Icp Imc-W-
am-W.v ]c-aamb I - m-cW- w. ]c-aI - m-cW - a - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv k - Ø- b - m-W.v \mw ]c-
a-Im-cW
- a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ kØ \Ωn¬ Is≠-Øp-tºmƒ AXns\ Bfl-
kØ F∂p ]d-bpw. ]c-aI - m-cW- a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ H∂ns\ Cu {]m]-©n-IX - -
bpsS ASn-ÿm-\a - m-bn´dn-bp-tºmƒ AXns\ {_“-kØ F∂p ]d-bpw.
At∏mƒ BZy-ta-Xs∂ kØ-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp kXysØ FSpØp-Im-
Wn-°p-∂p. AXns\ Icp F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.
Cu Icp-hns‚ kz`mhw Fß-s\-bmWv? AXv Adn-hnepw Gdnb
Adn-hm-Wv. km[m-cW Adn-hn¬\n∂pw AXoX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcdn-hm-
Wv. Cu Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hmWv \mw Icp-hns\ Adn-bp-tºmƒ
D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. At\z-j-W-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-t°≠ Hcp-Xcw
A¥¿⁄m-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv (intuition) CXp km[n-Xa - m-Ip-∂X
- .v
At∏mƒ Icp C{µn-bh - n-jb - a - √
- . C{µn-bh - n-jb
- a- m-bn-cn-°p-∂s - Xms°
km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v
IÆp- s Im- ≠ pIm- W p∂ Hcp Zrirw km[m- c W Adn- h m- W v .
ImXpsIm≠v tIƒ°p∂ Hcp i_vZw km[m-cW Adn-hmWv. aq°p-
sIm≠v aW-°p∂ Hcp aWw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. \m°p-sIm≠v
cpNn-°p∂ Hcp cpNn km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. Xz°p-sIm≠v kv]¿in-
®-dn-bp∂ Hcp kv]¿iw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. C\n Cu C{µn-bm-
\p-`-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®-dn-bp-∂Xpw km[m-cW Adn-
hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. km[m-cW AdnhpI-fn-sems° tZi-Im-e-]-cn-an-X-
am-bn-´p≈ Hcp am\w D≠m-bn-cn°pw. GsX¶nepw Hcp tZi-Øp-h-
®pam-{Xta C{µn-b-Øn\p Hc-dn-hns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ AXn-s\mcp Ime-]-cn-¢n-]vXnbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-
Ww. AXp-sIm≠v C{µn-b-ØneqsS Adn-bp∂ Adn-hp-I-sfms° ]cn-
ta-b-ß-fmWv.
Icp-hm-Is´ A]-cn-ta-ba - m-Wv. Af-°m-\m-hm-ØX - m-Wv. Af-°m-\m-
hm-ØX - p-sIm-≠pXs∂ AXv C{µn-bZ- zmcm Adn-bm-hp-∂X - p-a√- . A]-cn-
ta-b-amb H∂ns\ Nn¥-Iƒ°pw Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hp-I-bn-√. AXp-
sIm≠mWv AXns\ Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. Cu Adn-
hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-bn-cn-°p∂ Icp-hns\ Fß-s\-bmWv \mw Adn-tb-
≠-Xv? Htc-k-a-bw-Xs∂ Cu Icp Adn-bp-∂-hs‚ AI-Øpw AtX-
t]mseXs∂ ]pd-ØpamWv C-cn-°p-∂X - v. Aßs\bmWv kq£vac - q-]-
Øn¬ AI-Øn-cn-°p-Ibpw ÿqe-cq-]Ø - n¬ ]pd-Øn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂Xv. kq£vac - q-]Ø - n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - mWv a\- v. ÿqe-cq-]Ø - n¬
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - mWv ]©-`q-XmflI-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu {]]©w.
At∏mƒ Htc Icp-hn-\p-Xs∂ c≠p Xc-Øn¬ {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ß-s\-bmWv? AXn-emWv Poh≥ F∂pw hymtam-
ln-X\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Icp ÿqe-ambpw kq£va-ambpw Pohs\
h´w Np‰n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Aßs\ hcp- t ºmƒ \Ω- f psS
PohnXØnn¬ sX‰p ]‰m\n-S-h-cp-∂p. GI-amb Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX,
Icp-hns‚ Zznap-J-ß-sf-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-∂-Xv. Icp-hn¬ kw`-hn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ÿqehpw kq£va-hp-am-bn-cn-°p∂, AIhpw ]pd-
hp-am-bn-cn-°p∂ c≠p hi-ßsf am{X-amWv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v
\ap°v Adn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v Icp-hns\ Adn-b-
Ww F∂p Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p. Icp-hns\ Htc-k-a-bw-Xs∂ AIØpw
]pd-Øp-an-cn-°p∂ kØ-bm-bn-´-dn-b-Ww. AXp Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-
hm-Wv. Icp Hcp hnj-b-a-√. Icp hnj-bm-Xo-X-t_m[am-Wv. CXmWv
Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øns‚ {]ta-b-am-bn´v hcp-∂-Xv. -km[m-cW Adn-
hn¬\n∂pw AXo-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hc-dn-hns\ a\p-jy≥ At\z-jn-°p-
hm≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ B hy‡n kXym-t\z-jn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. B
hy‡n Pn⁄m-kp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
Aß-s\-sbmcp kXym-t\zjn imkv{Xw hfsc ka-{K-ambn ]Tn-
t°-≠-Xmbn´p-≠v. IÆp-Iƒ A©pw D≈-S-°-Ww. IÆp-Iƒ F∂p
]d-™m¬- C{µnb߃. - Zr-iy-߃ am{Xw ImWp∂ IÆn-s\-b√
ChnsS hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. A©n-{µn-b-ß-tfbpw IqSn-bmWv IÆp-Iƒ
F∂p Kpcp \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. D≈-S-°-sW∂p ]d-bp-
hm≥ ImcWw AsX-t∏mgpw ]pdw-tem-I-ØmWv ta™p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v ]pdw-tem-I-Øn¬\n∂pw D≈-S-°-Ww. shdptX
_ew {]tbm-Kn®v \nb{¥n°pI F∂-√. BZyw AXn-\p-th-≠nbmWv
Icp-hns‚ ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-™p-X-∂-Xv. C{µn-b-ß-fn¬
hym]-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Pothm¿÷sØ Icp-hn-te°p Xncn-°-Ww.
XmXv]-cy-ßsf apgp-h≥ Bfl-K-X-{]n-b-am-°-Ww.
a\p-jys‚ Al-¥b - mWv ⁄m\-Øn\p XS- w \n¬°p-∂X - .v AXp-
sIm≠v Ffna thWw. sXcp-sXsc hoWphW-ß-Ww. sXcp-sXsc
F∂p≈ hm°v ss\-c¥-cy-tØm-Sp-IqSn F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Kpcp
{]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jy≥ Fhn-sS-bmWv hotg-≠Xv? a\p-jy≥
hotg-≠Xv Adn-hns‚ apºn-em-Wv. ]c-aa - mb Adn-hns‚ apºn¬ \a-kvI-
cn-°W- w. hW-ßpI F∂p ]d-™m¬ Al¥ \n¿Ωm¿÷n-Xa - mb Ah-
ÿ-bn¬ h¿Øn-°pI. vAXn-\p-ti-jw-thWw Cu {KŸw \Ω-fpsS a\-
\-Øn\pw hnNm-cØ - n\pambn F-Sp-°phm≥.
 Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw

1
Adn-hn-ep-ta-dn-bd- n-™n-Sp-∂h - ≥ X˛
∂pcp-hn-ep-samØp ]pd-Øp-ap-÷z-en°pw
Icp-hn\p IÆp-If - ©
- p-ap-≈S- °
- n˛
sØcp-sXsc hoWp-hW - ß - n-tbm-Xn-tS-Ww.

Adn-™n-Sp-∂h
- ≥ X≥ ˛- Adn-bp-∂h - s‚
Dcp-hnepw ˛ AIØpw
HØp ]pdØpw ˛ XØp-eyambn ]pdØpw
Adn-hnepw Gdn ˛ I≠pw Nn¥n®pw a‰pw Adn-bm-hp∂
Adn-hp-Iƒ°-Xo-Xa - mbn
D÷z-en°pw Icp-hn\v ˛ {]Im-in-°p∂ Bfl-kØ - sb
Adn-bp-∂Xn\mbn
IÆp-Iƒ A©pw ˛ A©p ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - t- fbpw
D≈-S°n Bflm-`n-ap-Ja - m°n
sXcp-sXsc ˛ [mc-ap-dn-bmØ coXn-bn¬
hoWp-hW- ßn ˛ Kpcp-hn¬ ka¿∏n-X\ - mbn
HmXn-tSWw ˛ kzm[ymbw sNø-Ww.

]m›m-Xy-XØ - z-Nn-¥b- n¬ tπt‰mbpw Acn-tÃm-´nepw kam-¥c - -

ambn Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ c≠p \Zn-I-sf-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Ch¿
XΩnep≈ _‘w Kpcp-hn-t‚Xpw injy-t‚-Xp-am-Wv. F∂mepw Zm¿i-
\n-Ia
- mb Hcp ]nW°w Ch¿°n-Sb - n-ep-≠v. Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS Ch¿ Hgp-
In-sbm-gpIn c≠p hmZ-ßsf kºp-jvSa - m-°n. tπt‰m-bpsS Nn¥-If - mWv
Bi-bh - m-ZØ- n-te°v (idealism) hgn-am-dn-bX- v. Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ XØz-
Nn¥ `uXn-Ih - m-ZsØ (materialism) Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-®p. Cu c≠p hmZ-
ßfpw ]c-kv]cw kwL-´\ - Ø
- n¬hsc G¿s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mgpw G¿s∏-
Sp-∂p-≠v.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥b - nse AXn-Im-b∑ - m-sc∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ tUm.
tPm¨kWpw _nj∏v s_¿°nenbpw Hcn-°¬ {]`m-X-k-hm-cn-bn¬
I≠p-ap-´n. s_¿°nen-bm-Is´ ISpØ Bi-bh - m-Zn-bm-Wv. temIw Hcp
Bi-ba - m-sW-∂mWv s_¿°n-en-bpsS hmZw. tUm. tPm¨k¨ `uXn-
I-hm-Zn-bpw. ImW-s∏-Sp∂ temI-Øn-\-∏p-dØv Hcp kXyhpw C√ F∂
hmZ-amWv `uXn-I-hm-Zw. Ah¿ kwkm-cn®p h∂-t∏mƒ AsXmcp X¿°-
ambn ]cn-Wa - n-®p. X¿°w aqØ-t∏mƒ tUm. tPm¨k¨ hensbmcp
Is√-SpØv s_¿°n-en-bpsS Imen¬ t\m°n Htcdp sImSp-Øp. Imep
NX™v tNmc-sbm-en-°m≥ XpS-ßn. s_¿°nen hmhn´p \ne-hn-fn-®p.
At∏mgpw tIm]w AS-ßmsX tUm. tPm¨k¨ tNmZn®p: ‘Cu I√pw
tNmcbpw Bi-ba - mtWm?’ s_¿°nen Ic-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]d™p:
‘I√pw tNmcbpw Bi-ba - m-W.v ’ ‘]ns∂ \n߃ F¥n-\mWv Ic-bp-∂Xv?’
tUm. tPm¨k¨ tNmZn-®p. ‘AXpw Bi-ba - m-Wv,’ s_¿°nen ]d-
™p.
Cß- s \- b mWv idealism hpw materialism hpw Hcn- ° epw
tNcmsX iWvT-Iq-Sn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xamb phys-
ics `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øns‚ k¥--Xn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ C∂n-hnsS I≠p-h-
cp∂ metaphysics BIs´ Bi-b-hm-Z-Øn¬\n∂pw P\n-®-Xm-Wv.
Chbv°p c≠n\pw H∂n-®n-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ HcnSw \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hmWv
hfsc hy‡-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn imkvt{Xm-Nn-X-ambn ]d-™p-X-∂n-´p-f-f-Xv.
AXn\p klm-b-I-amb Zm¿i-\n-I-]n≥_ew \mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns‚
Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn¬\n∂pw Z¿i--\-am-e-bn¬\n-∂p-amWv \S-cm-P-
Kp-cp-hn\p In´n-b-Xv. Kpcp-tZ-hs‚ Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn¬ Bib-
hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw ]nW-°-ß-fn-√mØ Hcp `qan-I-bn¬ kwK-an-
°p-∂Xv Hmtcm t«mI-Øn-eq-tSbpw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ \ap°p ImWm-
\m-Ipw.
Icp Bfl-kØ - b
- m-Wv. Bfl-kØ F∂m¬ \ΩpsS icn-bmb
D◊ Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈q. B Bfl-kØ - b - mb Icp-hn-s\-bmWv Adn-
tb-≠X - v. Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX Cu temI-Øn¬ I≠pw tI´pw sXm´pw
\pW™pw aWØpw Nn¥n®pw Adn-bm-hp∂ F√mw hy¿∞-sat∂
]d-bm-s\m-°q. Fs¥-∂m¬ Icp-hmWv F√m Adn-hp-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv; F√m Adn-hp-Iƒ°pw A¿∞-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ImcWw GI-amWv. Imcy-߃ At\-Ia - m-Wv. GsXm-∂n¬\n-∂mtWm
temIw PmX-am-Ip-∂Xv B H∂mWv ImcWw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-
°p-∂X - v. At∏mƒ Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p∂ Icp-hns\ Adn-™m¬ F√mw
Adn™ A\p-`-h-am-bn. AsXmcp ]q¿Æm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ima-\-Iƒ
Hgn™ ]q¿Æ-X. kzbw kwXr-]vXn-bmWv ]q¿Æm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ sXfn-
a. B Icp Htckabw Adn-bp-∂h - s‚ AIØpw ]pdØpw ÿnXn-sN-
øp-∂p. AIØv A¥-°-c-Wambpw ]pdØv FÆ-a‰ hkvXp-°-fmbpw
{]Im-in-°p-∂p. thsdm-d¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ kq£vaw AIØpw
ÿqew ]qd-Øpw.
Aß-s\-bp≈ Icp-hns\ B\p-`q-Xn-Ia- mbn A\p-`h
- n-®d
- n-bm≥ BZy-
ambn C{µn-bß
- fnse A`n-c-a-\sØ Dƒh-en-°-Ww. B A`n-c-a-\sØ
Icp-hns‚ Zni-bn-te°p Xncn-®p-hn-SW
- w. hnj-bm-`n-ap-Jambn {]h¿Øn-®n-
cp∂ Adnhv At∏mƒ Bflm-`n-ap-Jam-bn-Øo-cpw. CXmWv D≈-S° - pI
F∂ {]{In-b. CXv Hcp {]mhiyw sNbvXm¬ t]mcm. \nc-¥c - a
- mbn sNø-
Ww. Kpcp-hmWv Adn-hns‚ \ntI-X\ - w. Bfl-km-£m-XI v m-cØ- n\mbn
Kpcp-hn¬ {i≤-bp-d∏
- n® Hcp a\ v At\z-j-I-\n¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-W.v Kpcp-
hns‚ ]mZm-¥n-IØ
- n¬ hoWp-hW - ßWsa¶n¬ Al¥ t]mI-Ww. Ffn-
a-bpsS hg°w hc-Ww. Bfl-km-bp-Py-Øn-\p≈ A`n-em-jhpw thWw.
Aß-s\-sbmcp At\z-jW - Ø- n-It- hmsS \ap-°n\n kzm[ym-bØ - n\p
XpS°w Ipdn-°mw.

2
Ic-W-hp-an-{µn-bhpw Itf-_cw sXm˛
´dn-bp-a-t\-I-P-K-Øp-tam¿°n-se√mw
]c-sh-fn-X-∂n-ep-b¿∂ `m\p-am≥ X≥
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWp Xnc-™p -tX-dn-tS-Ww.

Ic-Whpw -˛ A¥-°-c-W-ßfpw
C{µn-bhpw ˛ C{µn-b-ßfpw
Itf-_cw ˛ ico-chpw
sXm´-dnbpw ˛ C{µn-b-߃°p hnj-b-am-bn-cn-°p∂
At\-I- P-KØpw ˛ \nc-h-[n-bmb \ma-cq-]-ßfpw
Hm¿°n¬ ˛ a\-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬,
F√mw ˛ F√mw
]c-sh-fn-X-∂n¬ Db¿∂ ˛ ]c-a-amb NnZmIm-i-Øn¬
DZn-®p-\n¬°p∂
`m\p-am≥X≥ ˛ Bfl-kq-cys‚
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWv ˛ ssNX-\y-cq-]-amWv.
Xnc-™p-tX-dn-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw At\zjn®-dn-bWw.

{]]©w ]©-`q-Xm-flI
- a
- m-Wv. B {]]-©a
- m-Is
- ´, FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-
ßmØ \ma-cq-]ß - f - m-Wv. \ma-cq-]ß
- sf ⁄mt\{µn-bß - f- n-eq-sS-bmWv
\mw Adn-bp-∂X
- .v IÆv, aq°v, \m°v, Xz°v, sNhn F∂n-hb - mWv ⁄mt\-
{µn-bß
- ƒ. IÆv ImWp-∂p. IÆn\v hnj-ba - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv cq]-am-Wv.
cq]w ]©-`q-Xß- f - n-sem-∂mb A·n-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. aq°p-sIm≠v aW-
°p-∂p. aWw ]rYzn-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. \mhpsIm≠v ckw Adn-bp-∂p.
ckw Pe-Øns‚ KpW-am-W.v Xz°v kv]¿i-t\-{µn-ba - m-W.v kv]¿iw hmbp-
hns‚ KpW-am-Wv. sNhn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv tIƒ°p-∂X - v. tIƒhn BIm-i-
Øns‚ KpW-am-Wv. ]©-`q-Xß - fpw Cµn-bß - fpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ]c-
kv]-c-_-≤Xbn¬\n-∂mWv {]]©w cq]-s∏-´Xp-X-s∂. {]I¿tjW
]©o-Ir-X-am-bXv {]]-©w. ]©o-I-cWw F∂m¬ A©p `qX-ßfpw
tNtc-≠-]Sn tNcp-∂-Xm-Wv. C{µn-bß - ƒ°v X\nsb F√mw Adn-bm≥
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. A¥-°-c-W-ß-fpsS klmbw Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\- v,
NnØw, _p≤n, Al-¶mcw F∂n-hb - m-Wv A¥-xI-cW - ß- ƒ. a\- ns‚
kz`mhw kwibw D∂-bn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. F¥v? FhnsS? Ft∏m-ƒ? Bcv?
Fßs\? F¥n\v? F∂o tNmZy-ßs - f√mw a\- ns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv.
tNmZy-Øns‚ DØcw ]q¿hm-\p-`h - Ø - n¬\n∂pw Is≠-ØW - w. ]q¿hm-
\p-`h- ß
- f - psS tiJ-ca
- mWv NnØw. kvarXn-cq-]Ø - nepw hnkvarXn cq]-
Øn-ep-amWv NnØw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. NnØ-Øn¬ sXfn™ DØcw
icntb sXt‰m F∂p \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv _p≤n-bm-Wv. _p≤nsb AXp-
sIm≠v \n›-bm-flnIm F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Al-¶mcw A`n-am-\n-bm-Wv.
_p≤n \n›-bn® H∂ns\ X\nbv°p thWtam th≠tbm F∂ {]nbm-
{]nb cq]-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-Ic - W- a- mWv Al-¶m-cØ - n-t‚-Xv.
Cßs\ Ic-tW-{µn-bI - t- f-_c - m-Zn-If - m¬ \mw A\p-`h - n-®p-t]m-cp∂
Cu PK-Øns‚ clkyw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn ]pXn-sbmcp hnNm-cc - o-Xnsb
Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXv A¥¿ap-Ja - mb a\-\a - m-W.v Aßs\
a\\w sNøp-tºmƒ \mw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ Bfl-kq-cy≥ Adn-hns‚
AXn-hn-iZ- m-Im-iØ- n¬ DZn-®p-b¿∂p-\n¬°p∂ Hc-\p-`h - k
- m-£mXvImcw
kw`-hn-°p-∂p. B Htc-sbmcp Bfl-kq-cys‚ _lp-hn-[a - mb kv^pc-
Wß-fmWv FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ \ma-cq-]m-flI - a- mb Cu {]]©w.
tXdpI F∂m¬ Bfl-kØ - bpw Rm\pw At`-Za - m-sW-∂d - n-bp-∂ A\p-
`-ha
- m-W.v

3
shfn-bn-en-cp∂p hnh¿Ø-anßp ImWpw
shfn-ap-X-emb hn`q-Xn-b-©p-tam¿Øm¬
Pe-\n-[n-X-∂n-ep-b¿∂nSpw Xcw-Km˛
hen-b-Xp-t]msebt`-Z-ambv htc-Ww.

shfn-bn-en-cp∂v ˛ shfn-bn-en-cn-°p-∂Xp-t]mse
hnh¿Øw Cßp ImWpw ˛ hnh¿Ø-cq-]-Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂
shfn-ap-X-emb ˛ BImiw apXemb
hn`q-Xn-b©pw ˛ A©p `qX-ßsfbpw
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ a\-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bm¬
Pe-\n-[n-X-∂n¬ ˛ IS-en¬
Db¿∂n-Spw ˛ D≠mbn ad-bp∂
Xcw-Km-hen ˛ Xnc-I-fpsS \nc
AXp-t]mse ˛ F∂-Xp-t]mse
At`-Z-ambv htcWw ˛ At`-Z-ambn hc-Ww.

{]]©w ]©-`q-Xm-fl-I-am-Wv. BImiw, hmbp, A·n, Pew,

]rYn-hn F∂n-h-bmWv ]©-`q-X-߃. ]©-`q-X-߃sIm-≠mWv {]]-
©-Øn-ep-ff I√pw ]p√pw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-√mw-
D-≠m-bn-´p-f-f-Xv. F∂p ]d-™m¬, ChnsS hnti-jc - q-]Ø
- n¬ h¿Øn-
°p∂ As√-¶n¬ hnhn-[c - q-]Ø- n¬ ImW-s∏Sp∂ F√m-‰n\pw BZn-a-
amb Hcp GI-kØbp≠v; Hcp aqe-Im-cWap≠v. s]s´∂p t\m°p-
tºmƒ Cu aqe-Im-cW - sØ \ap°p ImWm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. IS-en¬
Xnc-Iƒ apd-ap-db - mbn Db¿s∂m-Sp-ßn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ
IS-en¬\n∂pw Xnc-Iƒ thsd-bm-sW-∂p-ff {]Xo-Xn-bmWv \Ω-fn¬
Dfhm-Ip-∂X - v. F√m Xnc-am-eI - ƒ°pw Imc-Wa
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv IS-em-Wv.
IS-en-emWv Xnc-am-eI - f
- psS At`-ZyX Adn-tb-≠X - v. AXp-t]mse shfn-
bn-en-cn-°p∂ F√m hnj-bß - ƒ°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]c-sh-
fn-bp-≠v. B ]c-sh-fn-bn¬ As√-¶n¬ NnZm-Im-iØ - n¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw
t`Z-a-‰-dn-b-Ww. Aßs\ Adn-bp-tºmƒ ⁄m\w B\p-`q-Xn-I-ambn
amdpw.

4
Adn-hp-a-dn-™n-Sp-a¿∞hpw ]pam≥X˛
∂dn-hp-sam-cm-Zn-a-l- p-am-{X-am-Ipw
hnc-f-X-hn´p hnf-ßp-a-Ω-l-Øm˛
adn-hn-e-a¿∂Xp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww.
Adnhpw ˛ Adn-bpI F∂ {]{In-bbpw
Adn-™nSpw A¿∞hpw ˛ Adn-bp∂ hnj-bhpw
]pam≥X≥ Adnhpw ˛ ‘Adn-bp-∂-h≥’ F∂ t_m-[hpw
Hcp BZn-a-l v ˛ Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-amb tPymXn v
am{X-amIpw ˛ am{X-am-Wv.
hnc-fX hn´p ˛ AIw ]p-d-ß-fn-√msX
hnf-ßpw ˛ Pzen-®p-\n¬°p∂
AΩ-lØmw ˛ B al-Ømb
Adn-hn¬ Aa¿∂v ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬ hne-bn®v
AXp-am-{X-am-bn-tS-Ww ˛ AXp-am-{X-am-bn-Øo-c-Ww.
C{µn-bß- f
- n-eqsS I≠pw tI´pw aWØpw cpNn®pw sXm´pw Hs°
Adn-bmw. A¥°-c-W-Øn-eqsS Nn¥n®pw Adn-bmw. F√m Adn-hnepw
Adn-bm-\mbn Hcp hnj-b-ap-≠v. hnj-b-sØ-bm-Wn
hnsS Adn-™n-Sp-a¿∞w F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. ImWp-I, tIƒ°pI, Nn¥n-
°pI F∂n-h-sb√mw Adn-sh∂ {]{In-b-bpsS hnhn-[-amb kwth-Z\-
fm-Wv. GXp hnj-bsØ Adn-bp-tºmgpw ‘Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂-h≥’ F∂
⁄mXrXzw \Ω-n-sems° ImWp-∂p-≠v. Cßs\, Adn-bp-∂-h≥˛Adn-
bp-I˛Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hnjbw Chsb aq∂nt\bpw tN¿ØmWv thZm-
¥n-Iƒ ‘{Xn]pSn’ F∂p hnfn°p∂-Xv. A⁄m-\Ø - n-en-cn-°p∂ Poh\v
ico-c-Xm-Zmflyw D≠m-Ip-tºmgmWv Cß-s\-bp-ff {Xn]p-So-t`-Z-tØm-
sS-bp-≈ Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ⁄mt\mZ-bØn¬ Htc-sbmcp
BZn-a-⁄m-\-Øns‚ aq∂p ]ncn-hp-Iƒ am{X-amWv CsX∂v \ap°p
t_m[y-am-Ipw. BZn-a-l- m-Is´ F√m-bn-SØpw \nd-™p-hn-e-kp∂
Bfl-kØXs∂-bm-Wv. k¿∆-hym-]-I-XbmWv B Bfl-k-Ø-bpsS
kz`m-hw. AsX-t∏mgpw hnf-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw. al-Øm-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu
BZn-a-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Aen™v, AXp-am-{X-ambnØocp-∂-XmWv Pohn-
X-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb B\-µw.

5
De-I-cp-d-ßn-bp-W¿∂p Nn¥ sNøpw
]e-Xp-an-sXm-s°-bp-ap-‰p- ]m¿Øp -\n¬°pw
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf-°p-Zn-°bpw ]n≥˛
s]men-I-bp-an-√nXp I≠p t]mbn-tS-Ww.
De-I¿ ˛ km[m-cW P\-߃
Dd-ßn- ˛ DdßpIbpw
DW¿∂v ˛ DW-cp-Ibpw
Nn¥-sNøpw ]eXpw ˛ ]e-]e Nn¥-I-fpw sNøp∂p.
CsXm-s°bpw ˛ a\p-jy-\nse Cu hyhlm-c-ßsf
D‰p-]m¿Øp-\n¬°pw ˛ D‰p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf°v ˛ Aaq-ey-amb Bfl-Zo-]am-Is´
DZn-°bpw ˛ DZn-°p-Ibpw
]n≥s]m-en-Ibpw C√ ˛ ]ns∂ AWbp-Ibpw sNøp-∂n-√.
CXpI≠p t]mbn-tSWw ˛ Cu Bfl-Zo-]sØ I≠pPoho°Ww.
 km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw I≠n-´nt√? Dd°w, DW¿® F∂o
c≠p {[ph-߃°n-Sb - n¬ AhcpsS PohnXw ]e-]e - h- ym-]m-cß- f - n-eqsS
Dub-emSn Ifn-°p-Ib - m-W.v F{X-sb{X Nn¥-If - mWv Ah-¿°pf-fX - ?v F{X-
sb{X kz]v\-߃? BÀm-Z-Øn-eq-sSbpw bmX-\-bn-eq-sSbpw Ah¿
IS∂pt]mIp-∂p. Ch-sbms° Ca-sh-´msX I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp
IÆv F√m-hc - p-sSbpw D≈ns‚ Df-fn-ep-≠.v \S-cm-PK - p-cp-hn\v Cu IÆv
dialectical eye Bbn-cp-∂p. inh-`‡ - \
- a
- m¿°v CXv inhs‚ aq∂mw-I-
Æm-Wv. Zm¿i-\n-I∑ - m¿°v CXv Dƒ°-Æm-Wv. ]t£, Aß-s\-sbmcp
IÆv F√m-‰n-t\bpw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - mbn ]ecpw Adn-bm-dn-√.
Aaq-ey-amb Hcp hnf-°n-t\m-SmWv Cu IÆns\ Kpcp D]-an-®n-cn-
°p-∂X - v. B hnf°v A\m-Zn-bmb Hcp Zo]-am-Wv. Fs∂∂pw IØn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂XmWv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp ImeØv Hcmƒ IØn-®p-h® - -
X-√. IØn-®p-h® - X
- m-sW-¶n¬ C‘\w Xo¿∂m¬ AXp sI´p-t]m-Ip-
sa-∂p-d∏- m-Wv. F∂m¬ CXv sI´p-t]m-hp-Ib - n-√. a\p-jys‚ \nc¿∞-I-
amb Pohn-XsØ km¿∞-Ia - m°nØo¿°m≥ Kpcp ]d-bp-∂p : ‘Cu
hnf-°ns\ I≠p-t]m-bn-tS-Ww.’ CXn-s‚- A¿∞w \o \ns∂-Øs∂
Adn™v Pohn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. \o Xs∂-bmWv Cu temI-Øn-s‚
hnf-°m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v F∂-dn-bW - w. CXv ⁄m\m-ar-Xa - m-Wv.

6
DW-c-W-an-∂n-bp-d-ßWw `pPn-®o˛
SW-a-i\w ]pW-tc-W-sa-∂n-h-Æw
AW-bp-a-t\-I-hn-Iev]-am-I-bmem˛
cpW-cp-h-Xp-s≈mcp \n¿hn-Im-c-cq-]w?

DW-cWw ˛ DW-cWw
C\n Dd-ßWw ˛ ]ns∂ Dd-ß-Ww
`pPn-®o-S-Ww A-i\w ˛ `£Ww Ign-°-Ww
]pW-tcWw ˛ C-W-tN-cWw
F∂n-hÆw ˛ CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈
At\Ihn-Iev]w ˛ ]e-Xc - Ø
- n¬ a\- ns\ N©-en-∏n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ XmXv]-cy-߃
AWbpw ˛ \sΩ hen-®n-g°pw.
BI-bm¬ ˛ C°m-c-W-Øm¬
Hcp \n¿hn-Im-c-cq]w ˛ am‰-an-√mØ Bflk-XysØ
Bcv DW-cp-h-Xp-≈Xv? ˛ Bcpw ]q¿Æ-ambn DW¿∂-dn-bp-
∂n-√-t√m?
 km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ XmXv]-cy-߃ £W-{]-`m-N-©-e-ß-fm-
Wv. Aev]-t\cw am{Xw \ne-\n∂v sI´p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv. Dd-°-
Øn¬\n∂pw DW¿s∂Wo-°p∂ Ah≥ CjvS-ap-ff t`mPy-߃
Is≠Øn hmcnhen®p Xn∂p-∂p. Ipd®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ah\p
CWsb hmcn-∏p-W-cW-sa∂p tXm∂pw. £oWn-°p-tºm-ƒ InS∂pd-
ßpw. Cßs\ amdnamdnhcp∂ XmXv]-cy-ß-sf-bmWv hnIev]߃
F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp Znh-k-sØ Pohn-X-Øn\nSbn¬Xs∂ \ΩpsS
a\ v Ht´sd {`m¥-amb B{Kl߃°p ]n∂mse ]m™p-t]m-Ip-
∂Xp \mw ImWm-dp-≠v. F¥n-\m-Wn-ßs\ a\ v ]m™p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-
∂Xv?
Bcpw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m-dn-√. Cu Xnc-°n-\n-Sb - n¬ Pohn-X-
Øns‚ bYm¿∞ e£yw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \n¿hn-Im-ca - mb kzmfl-k-
Øsb \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. temI-hn-jb - ß
- f
- n-te°v DW¿∂n-cn-°p-
∂-Xp-sIm≠v Bfl-kz-cq-]Ø - n-te°v DW-cp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. temI-
hn-jb- ß
- f- n-¬ Dd-ßp-Ibpw Bfl-kØ - b- n¬ DW-cp-Ibpw thWw. Kpcp-
hns‚ Cu D]-tZiw tIƒ°p-tºm-sg-¶nepw \ΩpsS D≈n¬ B DW¿®
D≠m-IW - w. BcpwXs∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Cu Bfl-kØ - sb Adn-
bm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ Hcp- ]-cn-tZ-h\
- k- zcw Cu t«mI-Øn¬ [z\n-°p-
∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns\ Adn-bp-hm≥th≠n Pohn-XsØ \mw
hn\n-tbm-Kn-°W - w. AXmWv Kpcp \ap°p Xcp∂ D]-tZ-iw...-..B-tflm-
]-tZ-iw.

7
DW-c-cp-Xn∂nbpd-ßn-Sm-Xn-cp-∂o˛
SW-a-dn-hm-bn-Xn-\n-∂-tbm-Ky-s\-∂m¬
{]W-h-ap-W¿∂p ]nd-s∏m-gn™p hmgpw
ap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn¬ aq¿Øn \n¿Øn-tS-Ww.

DW-c-cpXv C\n ˛ hn-j-b-ß-fn-te°v C\n DW-c-cpXv.

Dd-ßn-SmsX Ccp-∂o-SWw˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂pw hyXn-N-
en-®p-t]m-ImsX Ccn-°-Ww.
Adn-hmbv ˛ Rm≥ Adn-hm-sW∂v Adn-b-Ww.
CXn\v C∂v ˛ Bfl-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v
Atbm-Ky≥ F∂m¬ ˛ tbmKy\s√∂p hcn-Ib - msW¶n¬
{]Whw DW¿∂v ˛ Bfl-t_m[w D≈n-ep-W¿∂v
]nd-s∏m-gn™v hmgpw ˛ P\-\-a-c-W-ß-fpsS Nm{In-I-X
 bn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\mbncn-°p∂
ap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn¬ ˛ Hcp Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂-Xnepw
{]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw
aq¿Øn \n¿Øn-tSWw ˛ apgp-h≥ {i≤-tbbpw GtIm-]n-
∏n®p \ndpØ-Ww.

ASpØ ho´n¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]e-lm-cß - ƒ Nps´-Sp-°p∂

aWw aq-°n-e-Sn-®m¬ Adn-bmsX a\ p ]dbpw: Hcp akm-e-tZmi
Xn∂m≥ In´n-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬! hmbn¬ shffw h∂p\nd-bpw. F{X s]s´-
∂mWv \Ωƒ {]tem-`\ - ß
- ƒ°v hiw-hZ- c - m-Ip-∂Xv? Nq≠-ens‚ sImfp-
Øn¬ aÆn-csb sImcp-Øn´v ao≥]n-SnØ-°m-c≥ a’ysØ {]tem-`n-
∏n-°p-∂X- p-t]m-se-bmWv {]IrXn \ΩpsS ap∂n-te°v hnj-bß - sf Fdn-
™n´p Xcp-∂Xv. hnj-bß - s - f-b√ \mw BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn Adn-tb≠-Xv;
\sΩØs∂-bm-Wv. AXn-\mWv Kpcp Du∂n-∏d - b
- p-∂X- v: DW-cc - p-Xn-\n
F∂v. CXn-\¿∞w InS-∂p-d-ßWw F∂-√. AtX-t]m-se-Xs∂
thsdmcp sX‰v kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv, Bfl-ÿn-X\ - mb \mw A°mcyw ad-
∂p-t]m-Ipw. Xm≥ Bflm-hm-sW∂ Imcyw ad-∂m¬ AsXmcp Dd-°a - m-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Dd-ßmsX Adn-hmbn Ccn-°W - w. \mcm-bW - K- p-cp-hns\
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Adnhpw Bflmhpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. F√m-
h¿°pw Cßs\ Bfl-\njvT In´n-sb∂p hcn-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw
Hmtcmtcm temI-Im-cy-ßf - n-te°v a\ p hgp-Xn-t∏m-Ipw.
CsXmcp Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv. Cu Atbm-Ky-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.
F∂mte t]mwh-gn-bp-f-fq. kzbta kzÿ-\m-Im≥ ]‰p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Hcp
Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n-°-Ww. B Kpcp-hm-Is´ A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ \mZm-\p-
`qXn D≠psIm≠ncn-°p-∂- alm-flmhm-Wv. Kpcp-hns‚ c≠p e£W-
߃ ChnsS FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. {]W-h-ap-W¿∂-h≥ F∂pw ]nd-
s∏m-gn-™-h≥ F∂pw. Cß-s\-bp-ff Hcp Kpcp-hn-s\-Ø-s∂ Is≠-
Ø-Ww. F∂n´v B Kpcp-hns\ tkhn®v apgp-h≥ {i≤bpw hnizm-khpw
Kpcp-hn¬ A¿∏n®v Pohn-°-Ww. Iptd-\mƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ \Ωnse
Zp¿hm-k-\-I-sf√mw £bn-°pw. kZv-hmk-\-Iƒ ]pjvSn{]m]n-°pw.
shfn-®-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ Ccp-´n\v ÿm\-an-√t√m?

8
Hfn- ap-Xemw ]g-a-©p-ap≠p \mdpw
\fn-I-bn-tedn \tb\ amdn-bmSpw
Infn-I-sf-b-©p-a-cn™p Iogva-dn°pw
shfn-hp-cp-th-¥n-bIw hnf-ßn-tS-Ww.
Hfn apXemw ˛ IÆns‚ hnj-b-amb cq]w XpS-ßnb
]gw A©pw ˛ hnj-b-ß-fm-Ip∂ A©p ]g-ßfpw
D≠v ˛ `pPn®v As√-¶n¬ A\p-`-hn®v
\mdpw \fn-I-bn¬ Gdn ˛ Cu \mdp∂ ico-c-Øn¬ hkn®v
\tb\ amdn-bmSpw ˛ CjvSm-\p-kmcw hnj-bßfn¬
amdnamdn can-°p∂ Infn-Isf A©pw
˛ ⁄mt\{µn-b-ß-fmIp∂ A©p
Infn-I-tfbpw
Acn™p Iogva-dn°pw ˛ A∏msS hcp-Xn-bn¬ hcp-Øp∂
shfn-hpcp G¥n˛ hnthIkz-cq]sØ {]m]n®v
AIw ˛ A¥-cm-flmhn¬
hnf-ßn-tSWw ˛ DW¿∂p h¿Øn-°-Ww.

CsXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh≥ t`mKy-hn-izsØ A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-∂Xv A©p C-{µn-b-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. A©p C{µn-b-ß-sf-bmWv
A©p Infn-If - mbn D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- v. hr£-Øns‚ Nn√-If - n¬\n∂pw
Nn√- I - f n- t e°v Nm©mSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g- ß ƒ sImØn- t \m°n
ckn°p∂ Infn-I-sf-t∏m-se-bmWv \ΩpsS C{µn-b-߃ {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xv. ico-csØ Hcp \fn-I-tbm-SmWv Kpcp D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¥p-
sIm-s≠-∂m¬ icocw Hcp Ipg¬ t]mse-bmWv. B ico-c-Øn-em-
Is´ Zp¿K‘w han-°p∂ hkvXp-°ƒ am{Xtabpf-fq. ico-c-Ønepff-
Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ a\ pw Hcp amen-\y-°q-ºm-c-am-Wv. AXv t`mK-em-e-
k-X-tbmsS temIsØ `pPn-®-Xns‚ ^e-am-bn-´m-Wv. Rm≥ ico-c-am-sW-
∂p-ff [mc-Wb - n¬\n∂mWv, C{µn-bß - fm-Ip∂ Infn-Iƒ t`mKy-hn-iz-Øn\p
]n∂mse ]mdn-]-d-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp th´-°m-c≥ H‰ shSn°v Infn-Isf Xmsg-
hogvØp∂-Xp-t]mse, \Ωfpw hnth-Ia- m-Ip∂ kzcq-]t- a¥n C{µn-bß - fpsS
B¿Ønsb Acn™p Iogva-dn-°-Ww. F∂mte ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-km-
£m-XvImcw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

9
Ccp-]p-dhpw hcp-am-dh
- ÿ
- s
- b-∏q˛
sØmcp sImSnh∂p ]S¿∂p-b¿∂ptahpw
Xcp-hn-\S- n°p X] psNbvXp hmgpw
\c\p hcm \cIw \n\-®n-tS-Ww.
Ccp-]p-dhpw ˛ c≠p ]pdhpw
hcp-amdv ˛ s]mXnbpamdv
]qØ Hcp sImSn ˛ ]pjv]n®p \n¬°p∂ Hcp
Im´p-h≈n IWs°
h∂p ]S¿∂v Db¿∂v ˛ hf¿∂v tate°v ]¥-en®v
tahpw ˛ ÿnXn sNøp∂
Xcp-hn-\-Sn°v ˛ ac-Øns‚ Nph-´n¬
X] p sNbvXp hmgpw ˛ X] v A\p-jvTn®p Ign-bp∂
\c\v ˛ a\p-jy\v
hcm \cIw ˛ \cIw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.
\n\-®n-tSWw ˛ bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-w th≠.

CsXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). Cß-s\-bp-≈

t«mI-߃°v Hcp _mlym¿∞hpw thsdmcp A¥-cm¿∞hpw D≠m-
Ipw.- H‰ t\m´-Øn¬ Hcp ac-Øn\p Nph-´n¬ X] p sNøp∂ Hcp
k∂ym-kn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv \ΩpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c-Øn¬ A¶pcn-°p-I.
c≠p h≈n-Iƒ h∂v B acsØ s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv F¥n-\p-th-
≠n-bmWv? At∏m-gmWv \ap°v kwibw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu acw km[m-
cW ac-a-√. CXp ambm-a-c-am-Wv. amb-bpsS c≠p i‡n-I-fmWv Bh-
c-Whpw hnt£-]-hpw. B c≠p i‡n-Iƒ, c≠p h≈n-I-sf-t∏mse
Bflm-hns‚ kzcq-]sØ ad-®p-I-f-bpw. F∂m¬ [ym\-Øns‚ Dƒsh-fn-
hn¬ ambm-h-≈n-Iƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Bfl-kz-cq-]sØ DƒI-Æp-sIm≠p
ImWp∂ Xm]-kt{i-jvT\v PohnXw Hcn-°epw ZpxJ-`q-bn-jvT-am-bn-cn-°p-
I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂Xv, [ym\-\n-c-X-\mb \c\v Hcn-
°epw \cIw hcn-I-bn-s√-∂v. \cIw F∂m¬ ZpxJ-Øns‚ Xo{hX Ft∂
A¿∞-ap-f-fq. CXneqsS ⁄m\m-\p-k-‘m-\-th-f-bn¬ X]- ns‚ A\n-
hm-cy-Xsb Kpcp Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p.

10
“Ccp-fn-en-cn-∏-h-\mcv? sNm¬I \o”sb˛
s∂mcp-h-\p-c-∏-Xp-tI´p Xm\p-tahw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-b-h-t\mSp “\obp-am-sc”˛
∂cp-fp-an-Xn≥ {]Xn-hm-Iy-ta-I-am-Ipw.
Ccp-fn¬ -˛ Ccp-´n¬
Ccn-∏-h≥ Bcv? ˛ Ccn-°p∂ \o BcmWv?
sNm¬I \o ˛ ]dbq
F∂v Hcp-h≥ Dc-∏Xv ˛ F∂v Hcp-h≥ tNmZn-°p-∂Xv
tI´v ˛ tI´n´v
Xm\pw Ghw ˛ A{]Imcw Ccp-fnen-cn-°p-∂-h\pw
Adn-h-Xn-\mbn ˛ BcmWv tNmZn-®-sX-∂-dn-bm-\mbn
Ah-t\mSv ˛ tNmZyw tNmZn-®-h-t\mSv
\obpw Bcv ˛ \obpw BcmWv?
F∂v Acpfpw ˛ F∂nßs\ tNmZn-°pw.
CXn≥ {]Xn-hmIyw ˛ Ch-cpsS c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw
tNmZy-߃°p-ff DØcw
GI-amIpw ˛ H∂pX-s∂-bm-bn-cn°pw.

Bflm-hns‚ A\n-tj-[y-amb D◊sb X¿°-an-√mØ coXn-bn¬ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]co-£W - a - mWv \mcm-bW-Kpcp \ap°p ImWn-®p-Xc - p-∂-
Xv. \√ Ccp-´p-≈ apdn-bn-te°v Hcmƒ IS∂p hcp-∂p. B apdn-bn¬ Hcmƒ
Ccn-°p-∂p-≠.v IS-∂p-hc- p∂ Bƒ°v apdn-bn¬ Btcm Ds≠∂ tXm∂¬
Df-hm-bt- ∏mƒ tNmZn-°p-Ib - m-W:v BcmWv Ccp-´Øv Ccn-°p-∂Xv? At∏mƒ
Ccp-´Øv Ccn-°p∂ Bƒ DØ-cw ]dbpw: ‘Rm≥’ F∂v. Ccp-´Ø - n-cn-°p∂
Bƒ IS-∂p-hc - p∂ Bfn-t\mSp Hcp adp-tNmZyw tNmZn-°pw: ‘\o BcmWv?’
At∏mƒ Abmƒ ]d-bpw: ‘- Rm≥’ F∂v. c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw DØcw ‘- Rm≥’
F∂pXs∂. Cu c≠p hy‡n-If - nepw Ccn-°p∂ ‘- Rm≥’ F∂ kØ°v
hyXym-ka - pt≠m? Ah-[m-\] - q¿∆w Xnc™p a\- n-em-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬
Htc-sbmcp kØXs∂-bmWv \Ω-fn-se-√m-h-cnepw -‘Rm≥’ F∂
t_m[sØ Df-hm-°p-∂X - .v

11
‘Al-a-l-’sa-∂-cp-fp-∂-sXm-s°-bm-cm˛
bpIn-e-Ita ]e-X-√-tX-I-amIpw
AI-ep-a-l-¥-b-t\-I-am-I-bm-eo˛
XpI-bn-elws]mcpfpw XpS¿∂n-Sp-∂p.

Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂v

Acp-fp-∂-sXms° ˛ \mw ]d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-sb√mw
Bcm-bp-In¬ ˛ Xnc™p a\- n-em-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
AIta ]e-X√ ˛ Dƒkmc-Øn¬ sht∆-sd-b-√,
GI-amIpw ˛ H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv.
AIepw ˛ F∂nse Rm≥ thsd Ah-\nse
Rm≥ thsd F∂ Xc-Øn-ep-ff
Al¥ ˛ Rm≥ F∂ `mhw
At\Iw BI-bm¬ ˛ At\-I-amsW-¶nepw
Cu XpI-bn¬ ˛ Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂ `mh-ß-fp-sS-
sb√mw kmcw H∂m-sW∂ Xc-Øn¬
Alws]mcpfpw ˛ s]mcp-fm-bn-cn-°p∂ ]c-am¿∞-Øn-
ep-≈ Rm≥
XpS¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ B[m-c-k-Xy-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

F√m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch- sc kw_-‘n-°p∂ Imcy-߃ ]d-bp-

tºmƒ ‘Rm≥’ F∂mWv ]d-bm-dv. F{X Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bmepw Ah-
sc-√m-hcpw ‘Rm≥’ F∂mWv Ahch-sc-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂X - v. Ign™
t«mI-Øn¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£W - Ø- ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ F√m-hc - n-
ep-an-cn-°p∂ ‘Rm≥’ H∂p-Xs - ∂-bmWv F∂v ]co-£n®v Adn-™p-Ig - n-
™p. {ih-Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\ - w Ch aq∂pw tN¿∂p-ff Hc-t\z-j-
W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta ‘Rm≥’ F∂ Bfl-kXyw F√m-hc - nepw H∂m-
sW∂v B\p-`q-Xn-Ia - mbn Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - p-≈q. A\p-`h - ÿ- \
- mb
Hcp Kpcp-hn≥\n∂pw t\cn´p tIƒ-°W - w. AXp {ih-Ww. tI´-Xns\
Bg-Øn¬ ]cn-Nn-¥\w sNø-Ww. AXp a\-\w. a\\w Afl-ÿn-Xa - m-
Ip-tºmƒ AXp \nZn-[ym-k\ - w. AI-ep-w A-l¥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv thsd
thsd F∂v \Ω-fn¬ tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ Alw-t_m-[s - Ø-bmWv. A⁄m-
\w-sIm-≠mWv Aß-s\-sbmcp tXm∂¬ D≠mIp-∂X - v. A⁄m-\h - i- -
- ¿, ‘Rm≥’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂X
K-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂h - n-eqsS ico-cØ - n-t\m-Sp-ff
XmZm-flysØ Du´n-bp-d∏ - n-°p-Ib- mWv sNøp-∂X - v. B A⁄m-\sØ
\o°w sNøp-tºmƒ F√m Rm\p-If - nepw kmc-am-bn-cn-°p∂ GI-amb
Bfl-kØ am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q F∂v Gh¿°pw A\p-`h - n-®d - n-
bm≥ Ign-bpw.
12
sXmen-bp-sa-ep-ºp-aew Zpc-¥-a-¥x˛
Ie-I-fp-ta-¥p-a-l-¥-sbm-∂p Im¨I!
s]men-bp-an-X\y s]men™p ]q¿Æ-amIpw
hen-sbm-c-l¥ hcm hcw Xtc-Ww.

sXmenbpw ˛ N¿Ωhpw
Fepºv ˛ F√p-Ifpw
aew ˛ amen-\y-ßfpw
Zpc¥w A¥xI-e-Ifpw ˛ ZpxJ-tlXp-I-amb hm-k-\-Ifpw
G¥pw Al¥ ˛ hln-°p∂ Al-¥sb
H∂p Im¨I ˛ H∂p ImWp-I.
s]menbpw ˛ \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂
CXv A\y ˛ CXv Ahn-Zy-bmb A\y-bmWv.
s]men™p]q¿Æ-amIpw ˛ AhnZym-\m-i-Øn-eqsS ]q¿ÆX
ssIh-cn-°pw.
hen-sbm-c-l¥ ˛ Xm≥ hen-b-h-\m-sW∂ Al¥
hcm-hcw XtcWw ˛ hcm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-ff hcw Xtc-Ww.

ico-csØ apgp-h\pw s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv sXmen-sIm-≠m-W.v Cu

sXmen-bpsS ASn-bn¬ amwk-ap-≠v. icocw amwk-_≤w am{X-a-√.
AXns\ Xmßn-\ndpØp∂ Hcp F√n≥Iq-Sp-≠v. ico-cØ - ns‚ ]pdw-`mKw
F{X hrØn-bm-°n-h® - mepw D≈n¬ No™p-\m-dp∂ hkvXp-°f - mWv InS-
°p-∂X- v. \Ωƒ Ign-°p∂ `£-Whpw sh≈hpw F√mw aq∂p aWn-
°q¿ Ign-bp-tºmƒ hfn-®p-\m-dm≥ XpS-ßpw. AXpam{Xa√, a\- ns‚
D≈n¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ hmk-\I - ƒ AXnepw Agp-In-bX - m-Wv. Akq-
b, Cu¿jy, tIm]w, aZw, am’-cyw, Zw`w Chsb√mw Pohn-XsØ
k¶p-Nn-Xa - m-°p-∂- Zqjyhmk-\I - fm-Wv. Chsb√mw IqSn-bp≈ \ΩpsS
Pohn-XsØ H∂p t\m°n-°m-WW - w.
Bfl-kzcq-]Ø - n¬ CsXm-∂p-an-√. Bfl-kz-cq]w kz—-kp-µc - a
- m-Wv.
AhnsS kuc`yw am{Xta D≈q. AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ hnim-e-X-bmWv
Bflm-hns‚ Xew. Bflm-\p-`hw D≠m-Ip-∂X - n\v Cu Al¥ s]men-
™p-t]m-IW - w. ]q¿Æ-am-b Bflm-\p-`hw D≠mIp-∂X - p-hsc hmk-\-
Iƒ Fcn-™S- t- ß-≠X - p-≠v. AXn-\n-Sb - n¬ Nne BfpI-fn¬ hen-sbm-
c-l¥ h∂v Ah-cpsS \√-Po-hn-XsØ Xmdp-am-dm-°m-dp-≠v. Rm≥
⁄m\n-bm-Wv, Rm≥ Cuiz-c\ -- mWv, Rm≥ alm-\mWv Fs∂ms°
kzbw hnNm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ henb Hcp Al¥bp≈ Bfm-Wv.
B Al-¥bpw s]men-™p-t]m-IWw. AXp s]s´∂p s]men-bp-Ib - n-
√. AXn\p Cuiz-cm-\p-{Klhpw Kpcp-Im-cp-Wyhpw thWw. AXp-sIm≠v
{]m¿∞-\m-cq-]-Øn¬ hen-sbm-c-l¥ hcmXncn-°m≥ hcw XtcWw
F∂p A¿∞n-°W - w.
13
{XnKp-W-abw Xncp-\o-d-Wn-s™m-co-i˛
∂I-a-cecn´p hWßnb£amdn
kI-e-a-gn™p XWn™p tIh-e-Øn≥˛
aln-a-bp-a‰p al- n-em-Wn-tS-Ww.

{XnKp-W-abw ˛ kØzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o

aq∂p KpW-ßsf Icn-s®-SpØ
Xncp-\o¿ AWn™ ˛ `kvaw ]qin-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp Cui\v ˛ GI-\mb Cuizc\v
AI-a-e-cn´v ˛ k¶ev]-ß-fm-Ip∂ ]q°ƒ
A¿∏n®v
hWßn ˛ ka¿∏-W-a-t\m-`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn
A£w Bdn ˛ C{µn-b-߃°phnj-b-ß-tfm-Sp-≈
sImXn Bdn-Ø-WpØv
kIew Agn™v ˛ F√m euIn-I-_-‘-\-ßfn¬
\n∂pw ap‡-\mbn
XWn™v ˛ im¥-Nn-Ø-\mbn
tIh-e-Øn≥ ˛ tIh-e-am-b-Xns‚
aln-a-bp-a‰v ˛ A¤p-Xm-Z-c-ßfpw C√m-Xmbn
al- n¬ ˛ Bfl-tPym-Xn- n¬
BWn-tSWw ˛ B≠p-t]mbn AXm-bn-Øo¿∂n-tS-Ww.
{]IrXn {XnKp-Wm-fln-I-bm-Wv. kØzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o aq∂p
KpW-ß-fmWv a\p-jys\ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS GSm-Iq-S-Øn-te°v
hen-®n-g-°p-∂-Xv. Cu aq∂p KpW-ß-fpsS \ocmfn-∏n-SnØ-Øn¬\n∂pw
ap‡-\m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw icWw Kan®n-cn-°-
Ww. Cuiz- c - \ m- I s´, Cu aq∂p KpW- ß - t fbpw AXn- P o- h n®p
\n¬°p∂ GI-amb s]mcpfm-Wv. A°mcyw {]Xo-Im-fl-I-ambn kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-XmWv `kvaw ]qin \rØw sNøp∂ XmWvU-h-\-S-cm-P≥.
AXns\ ]tcm-£-ambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≈q. \Ω-fpsS
k¶ev]-kq-\-ß-fmWv Cuiz-c\v A¿®-\-bmbn \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Ffn-a-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-thWw F√m k¶ev]-ß-tfbpw I¿Ω-ß-tfbpw Cuiz-c\p
ka¿∏n-t°-≠X - v. AXn-eqsS \ap°v C{µn-bß - f - n¬ Np‰n-]‰
- n-\n¬°p∂
Ima-\-Isf C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ima-\-I-fmWv temI-Øn¬ \sΩ
_‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Cuiz-cm¿∏-WØ
- m¬ kIe _‘-\ß - fpw Agn-
™p- a m- d pw. A¥°- c - W - Ø n¬ ]ncn- a p- d p- ° - ß ƒ krjv S n®ncp∂
NqsS√mw XWp-Øp-d™v im¥n-Zm-b-I-amb Hc-\p-`-hsØ D≈n-ep-≠m-
°pw. CXv Cuiz-cm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Adn-
bmsX \Ωƒ B B›-cy-]-c-X-bn¬ aXn-a-d∂v Hcp {`m¥-s\-t∏mse
Pohn-s®∂p hcmw. Ahn-sSbpw \mw \ΩpsS At\z-j-WsØ \ndp-
Øp-hm≥ ]mSn-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw ]q¿Æ-amb \ne ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xp-
hsc Bg-ß-fn-te°p t]mbvsIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. cs≠-∂p-≈ `mhw C√m-
Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-h-sc BZn-a-l- n¬ B≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww.
 14
{Xn`p-h-\-koa IS∂p Xnßn-hnßpw
{Xn]pSn apSn™p sXfn-™n-Sp∂ Zo]w
I]-S-b-Xn°p Ic-ÿ-am-Ip-ho-se˛
∂p]-\n-j-Zp‡n cl-ky-tam¿Øn-tS-Ww.

{Xn`p-h-\-koa IS∂v ˛ Pm{K-Øv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

F∂o aq∂ptemI-߃°pa∏pdØv
Xnßnhnßpw ˛ \nd™p-{]-Im-in-°p-∂-Xmb
{Xn]pSn apSn™p ˛ {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \mi-Øn-eqsS am{Xw
sXfn-™n-Sp∂ Zo]w ˛ km£m-XvI-cn-°m-hp∂ Bfl-Zo]w
I]-S-b-Xn°v -˛ I≈-k-∂ym-kn°v
Ic-ÿ-am-Ip-hoe ˛ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I-bn-√
F∂ ˛ F∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
D]-\n-j-Zp-‡n-c-lkyw ˛ D]-\n-j-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂
cl-ky-amb Z¿i\w
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Ft∏mgpw Hm¿°Ww.

\ΩpsS A\p-`-h-߃°v aq∂v AXn¿Øn-Iƒ Iev]n-°mw. H∂v

DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ temI-am-Wv. Cu Ah-ÿsb
Pm{K-Z-hÿ F∂mWv ]d-bpI. C{µn-b-ßfpw {]]-©hpw XΩn¬
_‘-s∏´v Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. c≠m-asØ Ahÿ
kz]v\-am-Wv. kz]v\w ImWp∂ ka-bØv C{µn-b-߃ {]h¿Ø-\-\n-
c-X-a-√. F∂m¬ \√ Dd-°-hp-a-√. kz]v\w ImWp∂ BfpsS D≈nse
]q¿hkva-c-W-I-fmWv kz]v\-ß-fmbn A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
aq∂m-asØ Ah-ÿsb kpjp]vXn F∂p ]d-bpw. AXm-bXv Dd-°w.
Dd-°-Øn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ Dd-°-Øn¬\n∂pw
DW¿∂m¬ \√ kpJ-ambn Ddßn F∂ tXm∂¬ D≠m-Ipw. DW¿∂-
Xn\p tijta Aß-s\-bp-ff Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂p-≈q.
Dd-ßp∂ ka-bØv Rm≥ kpJ-ambn Dd-ßp∂p F∂v Bcpw Adn-
bp-∂n-√. C{Xbpw A\p-`-h-߃ \ap-s°√mw ]cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬
Hcp ⁄m\n-bpsS t_m[w Cu aq∂p temI-߃°pw A∏p-d-Øp-ff
Hc-\p-`-h-Øn-em-Wv. B t_m[sØ ‘Xpco-bt_m[w’ F∂mWv D]-\n-
j-Øn¬ ]d-bpI. {Xn]pSn apSn™v sXfn-™n-Sp∂ Zo]w F∂v \mcm-
b-WK - pcp hnfn-°p-∂Xv Xpco-bt- _m-[s
- Ø-bm-Wv. k∂ym-kt- hjw sI´n
\S-∂m-sem∂pw Xpco-bm-\p-`hw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-Øn\v
Xt]m-\n-c-X-amb At\z-jWw thWw. hb-‰p-∏n-g-∏n-\mbn thjw sI´n
\S-°p∂ k∂ym-kn-amsc AXp-sIm≠v I]-S-b-Xn-Iƒ F∂mWv ]d-
bp-∂-Xv. D]-\n-j-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬\n-∂psIm≠mWv Kpcp
C°mcyw ÿnco-Icn-°p-∂-Xv.

15
]c-bpsS ]mep\pI¿∂ `mKy-hm-∑m¿˛
s°mcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-s≠m-cev]-t\cw
Adn-h-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn-°-[o-\-am-bm˛
ec-s\m-Sn-bm-bn-c-am-≠p-t]mse tXm∂pw.

]c-bpsS ]mev ˛ ]c-am-fl-⁄m-\-Øn¬\n∂pw

Dudn-hcp∂ B\-µm-\p-`hw
\pI¿∂ `mKy-hm-∑m¿°v˛ \pI¿∂ A\p-Kr-lo-X¿°v
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am≠v ˛ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jwt]mepw
Hcev]-t\cw ˛ CØncn t\c-ambn A\p-`h- s
- ∏Spw.
Adnhv ˛ t_m[w
A]-c-{]-Ir-Xn°v ˛ X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-amb {]Ir-Xn°v
A[o-\-am-bm¬ ˛ hi-s∏-´p-t]m-bm¬
Ac-s\mSn ˛ Ac-\n-anjw
Bbn-c-am-≠p-t]mse ˛ Hcm-bncw h¿jwt]mse
tXm∂pw ˛ A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
]c-a-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ Aa¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ°v Ime-
t_m[w Hcp ]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dn-√. Bflm-\p-`qXn B\-µ-
Øns‚ \nd-™p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bflm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev.
F√m-h¿°pw CXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-a-√. `mKy-hm-∑m¿t° AX-
\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jw-t]mepw Cß-
s\-sbmcp A\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn¬ Hcp \nan-jw-t]mse tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipw.
F∂m¬ A⁄m-\-Øm¬ Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-
tºmƒ Hcp \nan-jw-X-s∂ Hcm-bncw h¿j-߃t]mse `mc-ap-≈-Xm-
bn-Øocpw. Imew a\- ns‚ Hcp krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\- n¬ kpJw D≠m-
Ip-tºmƒ Ime-Øn\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. ZpxJ-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ ImeØn\p
\ofw IqSpw. kabw \oßm-Ø-Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. Cu kXyw B[p-
\n-I-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Kpcp ]d-™pI-gn™p.
B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Np´p-]-gpØ
Hcp teml-Ø-In-Sn¬ Hcmsf ]nSn-®n-cp-Øn-bm¬ Abmƒ°v Hcp
\nanjwt]mepw Hcm-bncw h¿jw-t]mse tXm∂pw. F∂m¬ Imap-In-bpsS
kvt\l-ak - r-Wa
- mb Nqw_-\m-enw-K\
- m-Zn-If
- n¬ \n¬hr-Xn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Hcp-h\v aWn-°p-dp-Iƒ Ign-™p-t]m-bmepw Hcp \nan-jw-t]m-setb tXm∂p-
I-bp-≈q.

16
A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZ-i-sam-∂mbv
\Zn s]cp-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse h∂p \mZw
{ipXn-I-fn¬ hoWp Xpd°pa-£n-sb∂pw
bX-an-bepw bXn-h-cy-\m-bn-tS-Ww.

A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw˛ hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn¬

H∂mbv ˛ BIth
\Zn-s]-cp-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse ˛ \Zn Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse
\mZw-h∂v ˛ {]W-h-[z\n Dd-h-s]m´n h∂v
{ipXn-I-fn¬ hoWv ˛ Dƒ°m-Xn¬hoWv Xpd-°p-
w A£n ˛ AI-°Æp Xpd-∏n-°p∂p.
F∂pw bX-an-bepw ˛ CXn\v Ft∏m-gpw b-a\w ioe-am-°nb
bXn-h-cy≥ Bbn-tSWw ˛ k∂ym-kn-t{i-jvT≥ Bbn-cn°Ww.
Bflm-\p-`h- sØ Imhym-flI
- a
- m-bmWv Kpcp Ah-Xc
- n-∏n-°p-∂X
- v.
]c∂p hnim-ea - mbn InS-°p∂ acp-`q-an. B `qan NqSp-sIm≠p X]n-®n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. s]s´∂vv B acp-`qan apgp-h≥ \nd™pIhn-s™m-gp-Ip∂
Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-s]m-´n-h-cnI-bm-sW-¶n¬ B A\p-`-hw \ΩpsS
k¶ev]sØ-t]mepw AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. acp-`q-an-bpsS X]vX-lr-
Z-b-Øn¬ \Zn-bpsS \\hv ]S¿∂v kpJ-io-X-fna ]I-cp∂ A\p-`q-Xn.
AXp-t]m-se-bmWv A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ \mZw DXn¿∂p-h∂v Dƒ°m-Xp-I-
fn¬hoWv ⁄m\-N-£p- ns\ Xpd-∂p-X-cp-∂-Xv. Ahm-Ny-kp-µ-c-amb
A\p-`q-XnbmWv Kpcp Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS ]I¿∂p-X-cphm≥ {ian-
°p-∂X - v. \Ω-psS c≠p ImXp-Iƒ°pa∏p-dØv Adn-hns‚ am[p-cy-aqdp∂
\mZw {ihn-°p∂ Hcp t{im{X-ap-≠v. B t{im{Xw DW-cW - s
- a-¶n¬ {i≤
thWw. ChnsS ]d-bp∂ IÆv ⁄m\-N£ - p- m-Wv. ka-kvXX - b
- nepw
Bfl-km-∂n≤yw Z¿in-°p∂ IÆmWv ⁄m\-N£ - p- v. Bfl-kw-b-
a\w ioe-am-°nb Hcp k∂ym-kn-hc - y\v am{Xta Cu A\p-`qXn ssIh-
cn-Ib
- p-≈q.
 17
Ag-se-gp-a-©n-X-fm¿∂p c≠p -X-´m-bv˛
®pg-ep-a-\mZnhnf°p Xq°n-bmflm
\ng-ep-cp-hm-sbcn-bp∂p s\øtXm ap≥˛
]g-Inb hmk\ h¿Øn hrØn-b-t{X.
A©n-X-fm¿∂v ˛ A©p \mf-ß-tfmSp IqSn
c≠p X´mbv ˛ ÿqew, kq£vaw F∂o c≠p
X´pI-fmbn
Ag-segpw ˛ IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂,
Npgepw ˛ Np‰n-Øn-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
A\m-Zn-hn-f°v ˛ BZn-bn-√mØ Hcp Zo]w
Xq°n ˛ Xq°nbn´n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-
Bflm ˛ Bflmhv
\ng¬ Dcp-hmbv ˛ \ngemb icocw G¥n-sIm≠v
Fcn-bp∂p ˛ IØn--s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
s\øv AtXm ˛ hnf-s°-cn-bm-\p-ff s\øm-sW-¶ntem
ap≥ ]g-Inb hmk\ ˛ aptº \Ω-n¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂
]g°wsN∂ I¿Ω-hm-k-\-I-fm-Wv.
h¿Øn ˛ B hnf-°nse Xncn-I-fm-Is´, hrØn-
bt{X ˛ NnØ-hr-Øn-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp Xnc-»o-e-bn¬ sXfn-bp∂ Ne-®n-{Xw-t]m-se-bmWv Kpcp Cu
t«mIw Na-®n--cn-°p-∂X
- .v A\m-Zn-bmb Bflmhv Hcp hnf-°p-t]mse Hmtcm-
cp-Øc
- nepw Fcn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠.v Htc-sbmcp Bflmhv Fcn-bp-
tºmƒ Hcp \mfta ]mSp-≈q. F∂m¬ amb-bpsS Bh-cWhpw hnt£-
]hpw \nanØw Bflm-hn\v A©p \mf-߃ Df-fX - p-t]mse tXm∂n-∏n-
°p-∂p. ChnsS A©p \mf-߃ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv a\p-jy-ic - o-cØ
- nse
A©p ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - sfbmWv. ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - f- n-eqsS Bfl-Zo]w
{]Im-in-°p-tºm-gmWv \mw ImWp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw aW-°p-∂Xpw
Hs°. Cu Zo]-Øn-\m-Is´, c≠p X´p-Ifp≠v. H∂p am\-kn-Iw (con-
ceptual) c≠m-at- ØXv sF{µn-bw (perceptual). sF{µnb-am-bXv ÿqe-
amb X´m-Wv. C{µn-bØ - ns‚ apºn¬ Hcp hnjbw h∂p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ
a\- mWv B hnj-bsØ \n¿Æ-bn®p a\- n-em-°m-\p-ff k∂m-lß - -
sfms° Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp--°p-∂X - .v a\- n¬ ]q¿∆m¿÷n-Xa - m-b- hmk-\I-
fmWv temI-\n¿Æ-bØ - n-\p-th≠n Icp-°f - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v
 Bfl-Zo]w {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv \ng-ep-cp-th-¥n-bm-W.v \ng-epcp F∂p
]d-™m¬ Xnc-»o-eb - n¬ an∂n-ad- ™- p-t]m-Ip∂ Nn{X-߃t]mse Ft∂
A¿∞-ap-ff - q. Cu hnf-s°-cn-bp-hm≥ C‘-\a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ s\øv hfsc
]g-°w-sN∂ hmk-\I - f- m-W.v s\øn¬ Xncn-sb-∂t- ]mse hmk-\I - f- n¬
NnØ-hr-Øn-If - mWv IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. hnj-bk - wKw D≠m-Ip-
tºmƒ t_m[w hnj-bØ - ns‚ BImcw ssIs°m≠v Poh-\n¬ hnt£m-
`-߃ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw, I-Se - n¬ Xnc-bS- n-°pw-t]mse. CXn-s\-
bmWv NnØ-hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v Bflmhv A©n-{µn-bß - f - n-
eqsS a\- ns‚ ]›m-Øe - Ø
- n¬ {]Xn-^e - n®p {]Im-in-°p∂ Hcp at\m-
l-cN
- n{Xw Cu t«mIw \ap°p ]I¿∂p-Xc - p-∂p.

18
Al-an-cp-f-√n-cp-fm-In-e-‘-cmbv \m˛
al-a-l-sa-∂-dn-bm-Xn-cp-∂n-tSWw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-l-a-‘-Im-c-a-s√˛
∂dn-h-Xn-\n-ß-s\-bm¿°p-tam-Xn-tSWw.

Alw Ccp-f√ ˛ Bfl-t_m[w Ccp-f-√.

Ccp-fm-In¬ ˛ Ccp-´m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬,
A‘-cmbv \mw ˛ Dƒ°m-gvN-t]mepw t]mbn
Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ D≠v Rm≥ D≠v
F∂pIqSn
Adn-bm-Xn-cp-∂n-tSWw ˛ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Adn-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ F∂m¬ Rm\p≠v F∂ Adn-
hns\ \ntj[n-°m\mhm-Ø-Xn-\m¬
Alw A‘-Im-c-a-s√∂v˛ Bflm-hmb Rm≥ Ccp-´-s√∂v
Adn-h-Xn\v ˛ t_m[yw hcp-Øp∂-Xn-\p-th≠n
Cßs\ ˛ C{]Imcw
B¿°pw ˛ F√m-h-tcmSpw
HmXn-tSWw ˛ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°-Ww.
Rm≥ D≠v F∂ kXyw B¿°pw \ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂n-√.
Rm≥ C√ F∂p ]d-b-W-sa-¶n¬t]mepw Rm≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
Rm≥ Ds≠-∂d - n-bm\pw Cs√-∂d- n-bm\pw Rm≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°W
- w. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv Kpcp Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂Xv Rm≥ A⁄m-\-am-Ip∂ Iqcn-cp-´-
s√∂v. Rm≥ Adn-hns‚ \nd™ shfn-®-am-Wv. Rm≥ Iqcn-cp-´m-sW-
¶n¬ \Ωƒ ]d-™p-t]m-cm-dp-ff Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂p-≈ t_m[w-
t]mepw D≠m-Ip-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Aßs\ A√t√m?
Rm≥ ckn-°p-∂p, Rm≥ ZpxJn-°p∂p Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-tºm-sgm-
s°bpw Rm≥ AhnsS {]Im-in-°p-∂p-≠v.
AXp-sIm≠v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-™n-cn°m≥th≠n ]d-™p-sIm-
Sp-t°≠ H∂mWv \mw Bflm-hm-sW-∂v. Bflmhv kzbw-{]-Im-in-X-
am-Wv. AXns‚ D◊sb X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√; shfn-®-Øns‚ D◊sb
Ccp-´n\v \ncm-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-t]mse. AXp-sIm≠v \mw ho≠pw
ho≠pw ]d-b-Ww: Rm≥ A⁄m-\-a-√, Rm≥ ⁄m\-am-Wv. Rm≥
Ccp-´√
- , Rm≥ shfn-®a - m-Wv. Rm≥ ZpxJ-a√
- , Rm≥ B\-µa
- m-Wv. Rm≥
iq\y-X-b-√, Rm≥ \nd-hmWv F∂v. “k¿∆w ln k®n-Zmµw t\l
\m\mkvXn In©\.” ˛ ChnsS k®n-Zmµw am{X-ta-bp≈q. \m\m-Xz-߃ H∂pw-
X-s∂-bn-√ F∂p \mcm-b-W-Kpcp Z¿i-\-am-e-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

19
ASn-ap-Sn-b-‰-a-Xp-≠n-Xp-≠-Xp-s≠˛
∂Sn-bn-Sp-am-Znak-Ø-bp-≈sX-√mw
PU-anXp k¿ha-\n-Xyamw Pe-Øn≥˛
hSn-hns\ hn´p Xcw-K-a-\y-amtam?

ASn ˛ ASn-bn-ep-≈-XmWv kXyw

apSn ˛ D∂-Xnbnep-≈-XmWv kXyw
A‰w ˛ A‰-Øp-≈-XmWv kXyw
AXp≠v ˛ AXp D≈-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv
CXp≠v ˛ CXp D≈-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv
AXp≠v ˛ AX-√, as‰m-∂mWv Df-fXv
F∂v ASn-bnSpw ˛ Cßs\ a\p-jy¿ shdpsX
kXysØs®m√n hmZn-°p-∂p.
BZn-a-kØ ˛ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw BZn-bmbncn-°p∂
Bfl-kØXs∂-bmWv
D≈-sX√mw ˛ _lp-hn-[-ambn ChnsS ImWp∂
\ma-cq-]-ß-sf-√mw.
CXp k¿∆w ˛ C°m-Wm-hp-∂-sX√mw
A\n-Xyamw ˛ \mi-ap-≈-Xmb
PUw ˛ PU-am-Wv.
Pe-Øn≥ hSn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Pe-Øns‚ kØ-bn¬\n∂pw
XcwKw ˛ Xnc
A\y-amtam? ˛ thdn-´n-cn-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-bmWv?
 Cu {]]©w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp kØ-bpsS \m\m-hn-[-am-bn-
´p-ff Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fm-Wv. C{µn-b-߃sIm≠v BIm-iØnepw `qan-
bnepw A¥-cn-£Ø - n-ep-ambn FÆa‰ hkvXp°sf \Ωƒ ImWp-∂p-
≠v. BIm-i-Ønse \£-{X-ßfpw `qan-bnse I√pw aÆpw hr£-e-
Xm-Zn-Ifpw kmK-chpw acp-`q-anbpw arK-ßfpw a\p-jycpw F√mw Cu
BZn-a-k-Ø-bpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fm-Wv. Bhn-jvIr-X-amb F√m-‰n\pw
Hmtcm cq]-ap-≠v. cq]sØ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXm-Wv.
Aß-s\-bmWv FÆ-a‰ - \m-aß- fpw FÆ-a‰ cq]-ßfpw tN¿∂ hymh-lm-
cn-I{- ]-]©w kwPm-Xa- m-Ip-∂X - v. \ma-cq-]ß
- f- psS _mlp-ey-Øm¬ BZn-a-
k-Øsb hnkvac - n-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. F∂n´v hm°p-If - psS ambm-Pm-eØ- n¬s]-
´ns´-∂Xp-t]mse kXysØs®m√n X¿°n-°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂p.
IÆp-sIm≠p ImWp∂ H∂ns\ am{Xta Rm≥ kXy-ambn hniz-
kn-°p-I-bp-≈q Fs∂m-cmƒ iTn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ thsdm-cmƒ ]d-bp-
∂p, ssZhw D∂-X-ß-fn¬ ad-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂v. C\nsbmcmƒ ]d-
bp-∂p, AXp-≈-X-√, CXmWv D≈-Xv F∂v. B aXw icn-b-√, Cu
aXw icn-sb∂v thsdmcp Iq´¿. Aßs\ ]d™p]-d™v X¿°-Øn-
te°pw ASn-]n-Sn-bn-te°pw Ah-km\w bp≤-Øn-te°pw c‡-s®mcn-
®n-en-te°pw \bn-°p∂ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ß-fpsS A¿∞-iq-\yX Kpcp
FSp-ØpIm-Wn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. D≈Xv BZn-ak - Ø am{Xw. ASn-˛a - p-Sn, Ahn-
sS-˛-C-hn-sS, AXp-≠v-˛-C-Xp≠v F∂-sXms° shdpw i_vZ-Pm-e-߃
am{Xw. AXp-sIm-≠m-W-hsb PUw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. PU-h-kvXp-
°ƒ Aev]m-bp- p-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp Xncbv°v F{X-t\cw Pe-Øn¬ s]mßn-\n¬°m≥ Ignbpw?
Aev]-t\cw am{Xw. Ipd®p Ign-™m¬ Xnc, h∂n-S-tØ-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-
®p-t]m-Ipw. Xnc Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv h∂Xv? Pe-Øn¬\n-∂.v Pe-amWv Xnc-
bpsS BZn-ak - Ø- . Pe-Øn¬\n∂v thdn-s´mcp AkvXnX Xnc-b° v n-√.
Xnc A\n-Xy-am-W.v Pew \nXy-am-W.v CsXmcp DZm-lc - Ww am{X-am-W.v
Cu DZm-lc - W
- Ø- n-eqsS Bfl-kØ - b - psS \nXy-Xzhpw \ma-cq-]ß - f - psS
A\n-Xy-Xzhpw Kpcp hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F√m X¿°-ßfpw A⁄m\-
Øn¬\n∂pw P\n-°p-∂X - m-W.v ⁄m\-Øn¬ X¿°w Hgn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
t_m[w sXfn-hp‰ kXysØ Z¿in-°p-∂p.

20
De-In\p thsdmcp kØ-bn-√-Xp-s≠˛
∂pe-I-cp-c-∏Xp k¿∆-aq-l-lo\w
Pf\p hnte-ibsa∂p tXm∂n-bmepw
\e-an-bepw ae¿ame \mK-amtam?
De-In\v ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb {]]-©-Øn\v
thsdmcp kØ-bn√ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬\n∂pw `n∂-ambn
thsdmcp kØ-bn-√.
AXp-s≠∂v ˛ Chn-sS-Im-Wp∂ Hmtcm-∂n\pw
thsd-thsd D◊-bp-s≠∂v
De-I¿ Dc-∏Xv ˛ P\-߃ ]d-™p-t]m-cp-∂Xv
k¿hw ˛ F√mw
Dul-lo\w ˛ bp‡n-bp-‡-a-√.
Pf\v ˛ A⁄m-\n°v
hnte-ibw ˛ ]mºv
F∂p tXm∂n-bmepw ˛ Ds≠∂p tXm∂n-bmepw
\ew Cbepw ˛ tNtXm-l-c-amb
ae¿ame ˛ ]qame
\mK-amtam? ˛ ]mºmbn amdptam?

F√m a\p-jycpw bp‡n-bp-‡-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-c-√. bp‡n-

bp‡w F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ BZn-a-k-Ø°v tbmPn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬
F∂mWv a\- n-em-t°-≠Xv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bfl-k-Ø-
bn¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw tbmPn-∏n®p a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ B Nn¥ bp‡n-
bp-‡-am-Wv. Imc-W-Øn¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn Hcp ImcyØn-\pw \ne-
\n¬°m-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Ifn-a-Æn-s\-°q-SmsX IpS-Øn-s\-ßs\ \ne-
\n¬°m≥ Ignbpw? AXp-sIm≠v Kpcp Dd-∏n-®p-Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p: De-
In\p thsdmcp kØ-bn√ F∂v. CXp tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Cu temIw
iq\y-am-sW-∂√ a\- n-em-t°≠Xv; temI-Øn-ep-ff F√m-‰n\pw
A¿∞-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-k-Ø-Xs∂-bm-Wv F∂m-Wv.
shfn-®-°p-d-hp-aqew ]qame ImWp-tºmƒ `ocp-hn\v AXv ]mºm-
sW∂ {`aw D≠m-Imw. hnte-ibw ]mºm-Wv. ]qam-e-bpsS BIm-chpw
]mºns‚ BIm-chpw kam-\-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v aqV\v D≠m-Ip∂
sX‰n-≤m-c-Wsb, Adn-hp-ff Hcmƒ h∂v Xncp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.
]mºmsW∂p hnNm-cn®v `b-s∏´ Abm-fpsS a\- n¬ ]qame ImWp-
tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ B›-cy-\n¿`-c-amb kt¥mjw Kpcp FSp-Øp-Im-
Wn-°p-∂p. thZm-¥-Ønse Ibdpw ]mºpw F∂ ZrjvSm-¥-Øn\v Hcp
am‰w hcpØn Ib-dns‚ ÿm\Øv ]qam-esb {]Xn-jvTn-°p-I-bmWv
sNøp-∂-Xv. BZn-a-kØ shdpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-bn-´p-≈ H∂√.
AXn¬ \nln-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ B\-µ-amWv AXns‚ aqeyw. ]qam-e-bm-
sW∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-ºmƒ AXv IqSp-X¬ {]nbw P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-
sIm≠mWv thZm-¥-Ønse ÿncw ZrjvSm-¥-amb Ib-dn-s\-am‰n ]qam-
esb Kpcp {]Xn-jvTn-®-Xv. {]tbm-P-\-aq-ey-sØ-bmWv ChnsS IqSp-X¬
Du∂n-∏-dbp-∂-Xv.
 21

{]nb-sam-cp-Pm-Xn-bn-sX≥{]nbw XzZo-b˛
{]nb-a]c-{]n-b-sa-∂-t\-I-ambn
{]nb-hn-j-bw-{]Xn h∂nSpw {`aw X≥˛
{]nba]-c-{]n-b-sa∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
{]nbw Hcp PmXn ˛ Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabpf-fq.
CXv F≥ {]nbw ˛ CXv Fs‚ CjvSw,
XzZo-b-{]nbw ˛ \ns‚ CjvSw,
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ thsdm-cp-hs‚ CjvSw
F∂v At\-I-ambn ˛ F∂ Xc-Øn¬ Htc {]nbw-Xs∂
At\-I-{]n-b-ß-fmbnØocp-∂-Xv.
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn ˛ CjvS-hn-j-bßfn¬
h∂nSpw {`aw ˛ D≠m-Ip∂ {`aw \nanØ-amWv.
X≥{]nbw ˛ Xs‚ {]nb-amWv
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ thsdm-cp-h-s‚bpw {]nbw
F∂v Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ F∂p-ff kXyw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

{]nbw Ht∂-bp-≈q. At\-Ia- n-√. B {]nbw Bfl-{]n-ba- m-W.v Bflm-

hn¬ kl-Pa - mbn IpSn-sIm-≈p∂ B\-µ\ - n¿`-cX - b - m-emWv Bflm-hn¬
F√m Pohn-Iƒ°pw {]nbw P\n-°p-∂X - .v Bflm-hm-Is´ GIhpw k¿∆-
hym-]n-bp-am-W.v F∂m¬ Poh-\nse Al-¥m-aa - X
- m-Zn-Iƒ ImcWw Hcp-
h≥ hnj-bt- em-ep-]\ - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hnj-bØ - n-emWv B\-µa - n-cn-°p-∂Xv
F∂ {`aw \nan-Øa - mWv hnj-bØ - n¬ Hcp-h\v {]nbw P\n-°p-∂X - v.
Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°v CjvSa - p-ff hnj-bß - fpw hyXy-
kvXßfmbn-cn-°pw. Bfl-{]nbw ad-∂p-t]mbn B ÿm\Øv hnj-b-
{]nbw h∂p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv A⁄m-\w \nan-Øa - m-W.v Aß-s\-bmWv Fs‚
CjvSw, \ns‚ CjvSw, Ah-cpsS CjvSw F∂n-ßs - \-bp-ff CjvSm-\n-jSv -
߃ h∂v Bfl-{]n-bØ - n\v hn`-P\w kw`-hn-°p-∂X - .v CXp am‰n-sb-Sp-
°-Ws - a-¶n¬ \ap°v {]nb-s∏-´X - mbn tXm∂p∂ Hcp Imcyw thsdm-
cmƒ°pw {]nbw Df-hm-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ ka-RvPk - a- mbn tN¿°Ww.
ImcWw BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn {]nb-hkvXp Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xv Bflm-hm-Wv.
C°mcyw Ft∏mgpw Hm¿ΩthWw.
 22
{]nb-a-]-cs‚bsX≥{]nbw, kzIo-b˛
{]nb-a-]-c-{]n-b-an-{]-Im-c-amIpw
\b-a-Xn-\mse \c∂p \∑ \evIpw
{Inb-b-]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv htc-Ww.

{]nb-a-]-cs‚ ˛ thsdm-cp-hs‚ {]nbw GXmtWm

AsX≥{]nbw ˛ AsX-s‚bpw {]nb-am-Wv.
kzIo-b-{]nbw ˛ F\n°p {]nb-s∏-´-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ as‰m-cp-h\pw {]nb-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
C{]-Im-c-amIpw \bw ˛ CXmWv Pohn-XsØ ka-c-k-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂ Hcp t]mwh-gn.
AXn-\mse ˛ {]nbw GI-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Im-cWw
\c∂p \∑\¬Ipw{Inb ˛ Hcp-h\v \∑-bp-≠m-°p∂ {]hrØn
A]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv ˛ thsdm-cp-h-s‚bpw kpJ-Øn-\v
htcWw ˛ CS-bm-°-Ww.

Pohn-X-Øn\v \s√mcp s]cp-am-‰-®n´ thWw. \ap°p tXm∂n-b-

Xp-t]m-se-sb√mw sNøp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Fhn-tSbpw kwL¿jw am{Xta
ap‰n-\n¬°p-Ib- p-≈q. {]nb-Øns‚ Xe-Øn¬ hcp∂ ]nSnhm-in-IƒsIm-
≠mWv kwL¿j-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ka-
\zbw sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa-¶n¬ \mw Nne \o°p-t]m-°p-I-sfms° \S-
Ø-Ww. AXn\p Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Hcp ASn-Ød-bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, {]nb-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w Bfl-k-Ø-bm-sW-∂-dn-bp-I.
Bflm-hns‚ {]nbw F√m-h-cp-tSbpw {]nb-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-
hns‚ {]nb-Øn-te°v tNcp-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn \mw {]mY-an-I-ambn
sNtø-≠Xv thsdm-cm-fpsS CjvS-tØbpw \ΩpsS CjvS-Øns‚ ]cn-
K-W-\-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cnI F∂-Xm-Wv.
thsdm-cmƒ°v CjvS-s∏´ Imcyw \ap-°pw-IqSn CjvS-s∏´phcp-
tºmƒ \mw Aev]wIqSn hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Aßs\
hcp-tºmƒ \ap°v {]nb-¶-c-am-bn-cn-°p∂ H∂v thsdm-cmƒ°pw {]nb-
¶-c-am-bn-Øo-cpw. \mw temI-Øn-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
temIw \ap-°p-th-≠nbpw Pohn-°pw. \mw Cuiz-c-\p-th≠n Pohn-
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cuiz-c≥ \ap-°p-th-≠nbpw Pohn-°pw. AXp-
sIm≠v F\n°v \∑-bp≠m-°p∂ {]hrØn thsdm-cm-fpsS Pohn-X-
Øn\p Xn∑-bmbn hcm≥ ]mSn-√. A{X-am{Xw Icp-X-temSpw Dƒsh-
fn- t hm- S pw- I qSn Pohn- ® m¬ am{Xta {]nb- ß - f nse kzc- e - b sØ
ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.

23
A]-c-\p-th-≠n-b-l¿\niw {]bXv\w
Ir]-WX hn´p Ir]mep sNbvXn-Sp∂p
Ir]-W-\-t[m-ap-J-\mbv InS-∂p-sNøp˛
∂]-P-b-I¿Ωah-∂p-th≠n am{Xw.
A]-c-\p-th≠n ˛ thsdm-cmƒ°p-th≠n
Al¿\niw ˛ cm∏-I¬t`-Z-an-√msX
Ir]-WX hn´v ˛ kzm¿∞X IqSmsX
{]bXv\w ˛ I¿Ω-߃
Ir]mep sNbvXn-Sp∂p ˛ Ir]bp-≈-h≥ sNøp∂p.
Ir]-W≥ ˛ kzm¿∞≥
At[m-ap-J-\mbv InS∂v ˛ A[-a-amb kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fn¬ apgpIn
A]-P-b-I¿Ωw ˛ [¿Ω-hntcm-[n-bmb I¿Ωw
Ah-∂p-th-≠n--am{Xw ˛ Xs‚ am{Xw kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n
sNøp∂p ˛ sNøp∂p.

Ir] XnI®pw ssZhn-I-amb Hcp KpW-am-Wv. kl-Po-hn-I-fnepw

Xs‚ Pohs‚ XpSn-∏p-Iƒ sXm´-dn-bp-∂-h-\mWv Ir]m-ep. Ir]mep
F¥p sNøp-tºmgpw AXv k¿∆-Øn-s‚bpw lnXw am\n-®m-Wv sNøp-
I. Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw thZ-\bpw bmX-\bpw ImWp-tºmƒ Ir]m-ep-
hns‚ a\w Aen-bpw. Ah-cpsS ZpxJ-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n Ir]mep
X\n-°m-hp-∂-sX√mw sNøp-∂p. an° a\p-jycpw kz¥w `mcy, Ip´n-
Iƒ F∂ IpSp- mb XmXv]-cy-ß-fn¬am{Xw HXpßn°q-Sp-∂-h-cm-
Wv.- A-Xn-\-∏p-d-sØmcp temI-ap-s≠∂v Ah¿ Nn¥n-°m≥t]mepw
sa\-s°-Sm-dn-√. Aßs\bp≈ at\m-`m-h-sØ-bmWv Ir]-WX F∂v
Kpcp hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
F∂-tØ-°mfpw Ir]-WX C∂p P\-ßf - n¬ Bth-in-®n-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv. Hcp `qXm-th-iw-t]mse P\w kzm¿∞-Xb - psS IpSpw-_]- › - m-
Ø-eØ - n-te°v Dƒh-en-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂XmWv \mw ImWp-∂X - .v Cu
Dƒh-en-bh - ns\ AWp-Ip-Spw_w (nuclear family) F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. A—\pw AΩbpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw AS-ßp∂ Hcp IpSpw-_w.
Ah-cpsS kpJw am{X-amWv Ah¿ At\z-jn-°p-∂X - v. Ah¿ kpJw
Is≠-Øp-hm-\p-ff {]bm-WØ - n¬ F{X Bfp-Isf thW-sa-¶nepw ZpxJn-
∏n-°p-hm≥ aSn ImWn-°p-∂n-√. CXmWv Ir]-Ws‚ Pohn-Xc - o-Xn. Ir]-
W≥ Xs‚ t\´-Øn-\p-th≠n kl-Po-hn-Is - f-sb√mw Nhn-´n-sa-Xn®v IS-
∂p-t]m-Ipw. BsI a\p-jycpsS BsI \∑-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-s\mcp hnNm-
chpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pI-bn-√. Aßs\bp≈ hnNm-ca - n-√m-Øh - s‚ I¿Ωw
Zqjn-Xa- mb I¿Ω-am-Wv. AXn-s\-bmWv A]-Pb - I
- ¿Ωw F∂p hnfn-°p-
∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v \Ω-fnse Ir]-WX If-bp-I. Ir]m-ep-XzsØ
DW¿Øn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-I. temI-Øn\p kzkvXn `hn-°s - ´.

24
Ah-\n-h-s\-∂-dn-bp-∂-sXm-s°-tbm¿Øm˛
eh-\n-bn--em-Zn-a-am-sbm-cm-fl-cq]w
Ah-\-h-\m-fl-kp-J-Øn-\m-N-cn-°p˛
∂h-b-]-c∂p kpJ-Øn-\mbv htc-Ww.

Ah≥ Ch≥ F∂v ˛ Ah≥ F∂pw Ch≥ F∂pw \mw

Adn-bp-∂-sXms° ˛ ]d-™p-t]m-cm-dp-ff Imcy-ß-sfms°
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ hnNn-¥\w sNbvXm¬
Ah-\n-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
BZn-a-amb ˛ krjvSn°pw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp Bfl-cq]w ˛ Htc-sbmcp Bfl-k-Xyta D≈q.
Ah\h≥ ˛ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw
Bfl-kp-J-Øn\v ˛ kz¥w kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n
BN-cn-°p-∂h ˛ sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ
A]-c∂v ˛ a‰p-f-f-h¿°pw-IqSn
kpJ-Øn-\mbv htcWw ˛ kpJw \¬I-Ww.

temI-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp Bfl-kØ

- tb D≈q. B Bfl-kØ
- -
bmWv F∂nepw \n∂nepw Ah-\nepw Ch-\nepw Hs° A¥¿[m-c-
bmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. km[m-cW
- b
- mbn Hcp a\p-jy≥ I¿Ωw sNøp-
tºmtgm kwkm-cØ - n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tºmtgm C°m-cy-sam∂pw Hm¿°m-dn-
√. AXp-sIm≠v ‘Ah≥’ F∂p \Ωƒ ]d-bp-tºmƒ \Ω-fn¬\n∂pw
A\y-amb GtXm Hcp hy‡n-bmWv Ah≥ F∂ tXm∂-emWv Df-hm-
Ip-∂X- v. Hcp lnµp ]d-bpw: Ah≥ {InkvXym-\nbm-Wv, Ah≥ ap…o-
amWv Fs∂ms°. {InkvXym-\nbpw ap…oapw CtX-t]m-se-Xs∂ lnµphn-
s\-]‰
- nbpw ]d-bpw. cmjv{So-bØ
- nepw ImWmw Cß-s\-bp-ff tNcn-Xn-
cn-hp-Iƒ. Ah≥ IΩyq-Wn-Ãm-Wv, Ah≥ tIm¨{K- mWv F∂ coXn-
bn¬. Fß-s\-bmWv Cu A\yXzw \Ω-fn-te°v IS-∂p-hc - p-∂Xv? \mw
\ΩpsS imco-cn-Ik- Ø- s - b-bmWv Rm\mbn Icp-Xp-∂X - v. B imco-cn-I-
k-Ø-bpsS AkvXn-XzsØ am\-Z-WvU-am°n h®p-sIm-≠mWv Xs‚
temI-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂X - v. Cu {]mY-an-Ia - mb sX‰ns\
Xncp-ØmsX temI-Øn¬ ka-\zbhpw kam-[m-\hpw sIm≠p-hc - m-\mhp-
I-bn-√.
\Ω-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw aX-t_m-[-\-Øn-ep-sa√mw Cu sX‰v
Bh¿Øn®v Dd-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Htc-sbmcp Bfl-k-Ø-bmWv
k¿∆-N-cm-N-c-ß-fnepw kXy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ A\p-`-h-t_m[am-bn-
cn-°Ww Hcp a\p-jys\ DZm-Ø-am-t°-≠-Xv. Aßs\ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚
kpJ-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv F√m-h-cp-tSbpw kpJ-Øn\v Imc-
W-ambn `hn-°p-∂p. Chn-sS-bmcpw \Ωn¬\n∂v A\y-c√. hymh-lm-cn-
I-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw Ah≥, Ch≥ Fs∂ms° ]d-bmw.
AXp-sIm≠mWv Kpcp A]-c≥ F∂ hm°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p-∂Xv.
A]-c≥ F∂m¬ ]c≥ A√m-Ø-h≥. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ thsd-bm-sW-
¶nepw ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ X∂n¬\n∂pw thsd-b-√mØ-h≥. C°mcyw
\√-hÆw a\\w sNbvXp-d-∏n®v I¿Ωw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ temI-
Øn¬ im¥n-°p-th≠n apd-hnfn Iqt´≠ Bh-iy-an-√. im¥n kzm`m-
hn-I-ambn h∂p-tN¿∂psIm-≈pw.
25
Hcph-\p-\√-Xpa\y-\-√epw tN¿˛
s∏mcp sXmgn-em-flh - n-tcm-[n-tbm¿Øn-tS-Ww.
]c\p ]cw ]cn-Xm-]-ta-In-Sp-t∂m˛
sccn-\-c-Im-_v[n-bn¬ hosW-cn-™n-Sp-∂p.

Hcp-h\p \√Xpw˛ Hcmƒ°v \∑ hcp-Øp-∂Xpw

A\y\v A√epw˛ thsdm-cmƒ°v ZpxJhpw
tN¿s∏mcp sXmgn¬ ˛ hcp-Øn-h-bv°p-∂-Xmb {]hrØn
Bfl-hn-tcm[n ˛ Bflm-hnse kl-P-amb
sFIyØn\v \nc-°p∂-X-√.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw ad-∂p-t]m-Im≥ ]mSn-√.
]c\v ˛ thsdm-cmƒ°v
]cw- ]-cn-Xm]w ˛ ]c-a-amb thZ-\sb
GIn-Sp-t∂m¿ ˛ Gev]n-°p-∂-h¿
Fcn-\-cIm-_v[n-bn¬ ˛ IØn-sb-cn-bp∂ \c-I-k-am-\-
amb ZpxJ-°-S-en¬
hoWv Fcn-™n-Sp∂p ˛ hoWv Xo{h-ambn t\mh-\p-`-hn-
t°≠n hcp-∂p.
Bflm-hn¬ F√mw kzc-eb - s- ∏-´n-cn-°p-Ib
- m-Wv. kl-Pa - mb Hcp
sFIyw Bflm-hn-\p-≠v. Bflm-hn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-
°p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Bfl-t_m-[n-bmb Hcmƒ I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ
AXp ka-kvXX - °pw lnX-Ic - a
- mbn `hn-°p-∂p. Hcp XSm-IØ - nse \n›-
e-P-e-cm-in-bn-te°v sNdn-sbmcp Is√-Sp-sØ-dn-™m¬ aXn, AXn¬
Btµm-f\w D≠-mIm≥. Ae-am-eI - ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂X - v, AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-
I-amb kz—-X-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-hm\m-Wv. AXpt]m-se- Bflmhv
AXns‚ kz—-Xb - n-te°v Xncn-®p-hc - p-hm≥ {iaw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-
∂p. F∂m¬ ]ecnepw imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb XmZm-fly-
t_m[Øm¬ BssflIyw \jvSs - ∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Hcmƒ°v \∑ hcp-Øp∂
{]hrØn thsdm-cmƒ°v Xn∑ hcp-Øm-dp-≠v. Cß-s\-bp-ff I¿Ω-߃
Bflm-hns‚ sFIyØn\p \nc-°p-∂X - √
- . AXp-sIm≠v AXns\ Kpcp
Bfl-hn-tcm[n F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. t_m[-]q¿∆w Nne¿ a‰p-≈h¿°v D]-
{Zhw Gev]n-°m-dp-≠,v ]oUn-∏n-°m-dp-≠.v Xs‚ kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n thsdm-
cp-hs‚ Poh-s\-t∏mepw l\n-°p-hm≥ Nne¿ DZy-an-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-bp-
≈-h¿ sImSpw-]m-XI - n-If- m-Wv.
Hcp-hs‚ I¿Ωw \√-Xm-sW-¶n¬ \√ ^esØ Ah\v In´pw.
NoØ I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-h\v k¥m-]sØ D≠m-°p∂ ^e-amWv e`n-
°p-I. \man∂p ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ B ZpxJ-Øn\p tlXp-
I-amb I¿Ω-߃ \mw Ft∏mtgm sNbvXn´p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠v thsdm-
cmƒ°v Icp-Xn-°q´n ]cn-Xm]w Gev]n-°p-∂-h¿ \c-Im-·n°v kam-\-
amb ZpxJ-°-S-en¬ hoWv IØn-sb-cn-bpw. Bflmhv kzbta AXns‚
GI-Xm-\-X-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-sa-¶nepw I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-h\v I¿Xr-Xz-
t_m[w Df-f-Xn-\m¬ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS ^e-ßfpw Ah≥Xs∂ G‰p-hm-
ßpw. acn-®X - n\p tij-sam∂pw BIWsa∂n-√. \cIw F∂ hm°v ZpxJ-
Øns‚ Xo{hm-hÿ - sb ImWn-°p-hm-\m-W.v AsXt∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw
kw`-hn-°mw. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ GI-Xm-\X - °v \nc-°p∂ I¿Ω-
߃ am{Xw A\p-jT v n-°p-I.

26
Ah-b-h-sam-s°-b-a¿Øn-bm-Wn-bmbv \n˛
∂hb-hn-bm-hn-sb-bm-h-cn-®n-Sp∂p
Ah-\n-h-s\-∂-Xn-\m-e-h≥ \n\-bv°p˛
∂h-i-X-bm-a-hn-th-I-sam-∂n-\mte
Ah-bhw Hs° ˛ F√m Ah-b-h-ß-tfbpw
Aa¿Øn ˛ kzh-i-K-am°n
BWn-bmbv \n∂v ˛ Hcp tI{µ-_nµp-hmbn h¿Øn-°p∂
Ah-bhn ˛ Poh≥
Bhnsb ˛ Bflm-hns\
Bh-cn-®n-Sp∂p ˛ ad-®p-I-f-bp∂p.
AXn-\m¬ ˛ AXn-\m¬
Ah-i-Xbmw ˛ kzmfl-k-Ø-bmb Bflm-hn\p
hi-s∏-SmØ
Ahn-thIw ˛ t_m[-iq-\yX
H∂n-\mte ˛ H∂p \nan-Ø-ambn
Ah≥ Ch≥ F∂v ˛ Ah≥ thsd Ch≥ thsd F∂
Xc-Øn¬
Ah≥ \n\-bv°p∂p ˛ Ah-i-\mb Ahn-thIn \n\-bv°p-∂p.

Cw•o-jp-`m-j-bn¬ Ah-b-h-Øn\v organ F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

\nc-h[n Ah-b-h-߃ H∂n-®p-tN¿∂v kzbta {]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-
tºmƒ AsXmcp ‘Hm¿Km-\n’k-am-bn- (organism). \Ω-fpsS ico-c-
Ønepw Iptd-tbsd Ah-bh - ß
- fp≠v. Cu Ah-bh - ß
- s
- fms° tXm∂n-
b-Xp-t]m-se-b√ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ssI Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v C—n-°p-
∂Xpw Im¬ hen-°-W-sa∂v C—n-°p-∂Xpw Cu Ah-b-h-ß-sf-
sbms° CW-°n-\n¿Øp∂ Ah-b-hn-bm-Wv. Ah-b-hn F∂p ]d-
™m¬ ‘Hm¿K-ss\-k¿’ (organizer). B Hm¿K-ss\k-sd-bmWv Poh≥
F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Poh≥ Hcp BWn-sb-t∏mse F√m {]h¿Ø-\-
߃°pw tI{µo-Ir-X-t\-XrXzw \¬Ip-∂p. ]t£, Cu Poh-\m-Is´
imco-cn-I-Xm-Zm-fly-Øm¬ hymtam-ln-X-\m-Wv. Xs‚ ico-c-amWv Xs‚
kØ F∂v Poh≥ sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
Bflm-hns\ ‘Bhn’ F∂mWv Kpcp hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂mw ]Zy-
Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Icphpw ChnsS ]d-bp∂ Bhnbpw H∂p-X-s∂.
F∂m¬ Cu Bflmhv PohXzw ImcWw ad-™p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
CXmWv Ah-iX. Bfl-h-iØp \n¬°p-hm≥ hnthIw thWw.
AXn\mI-W-sa-¶n¬ A\m-fl-h-iØp \ap°p h∂n-´p-ff sI´p-]m-Sp-
Iƒ Agn-™p-t]mI-Ww. Ah-iX Ah-km-\n-°-Ww. Ah-i-Xbpw
Ahn-th-Ihpw Imc-W-amWv Hcmƒ Ah≥thsd Ch≥thsd F∂p-ff
Xp—-_p-≤n-bm¬ {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-c-Z-i-bn¬
am{Xta Hcp-h\v GI-Xz-t_m[w A\p-`-h-ambn hcnI-bp-≈q.
 27
Ccp-fn-en-cp-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xm-Ip-am-flm˛
hdn-h-Xp-Xm-\Y \ma-cq-]-ambpw
Ic-W-sam-Sn-{µn-b-I¿Ør-I¿Ω-ambpw
hcp-hXp Im¨I! atl-{µ-Pm-e-sa-√mw!
Ccp-fn-en-cp∂v ˛ Ccp≠ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-∂v
Adn-bp-∂-XmIpw Bflm˛ Adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv
Bflm-hv.
Adnhv AXp Xm≥ ˛ AXp Adnhp Xs∂-bmWv.
AY ˛ ]n∂oSv B Adn-hp-Xs∂
\ma-cq-]-ambpw ˛ \ma-ambpw cq]-ambpw
Ic-W-samSv ˛ A¥-°-cWw apX¬
C{µn-bI¿Xr-I-¿Ω-ambpw ˛ C{µn-b-߃, I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw hsc
hcp-hXv ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
Im¨I ˛ t\m°q.
F√mw atl-{µ-Pmew! ˛ F√mw al-Ømb C{µ-Pm-ew-X-s∂!

Bflm-hns\ ImWm-Xn-cn°m≥ Imc-W-sa-¥mWv? AXv Ccp-fn-

emWv Ccn-°p-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v Ccpfn-en-cn-°p∂ s]mcp-fmWv Bflm-
hv. Ccp-fm-Ip∂ ad-bn-emWv Cu {]]©w apgp-h\pw k©-bn®p-h® - n-cn-
°p-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v Ccp-fn-\∏ - p-dØ - p-≈ s]mcp-fns\ ImWm≥ {ian-
°p-tºm-sgms° {]]-©{- ]-Xo-Xn-If - mWv ImWp-∂X - v. D
- d
- °
- Ø
- n¬ \mw
H∂pw Adn-bm-dn-√t- √m? F∂m¬ B H∂pw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Adn-hn-
√m-bva° - p-≈nepw temI-hn-jb- ß- ƒ ]‰n-°qSn ad-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Nne-
t∏mƒ kz]v\Ø - n-¬ Ah X≈n-°b - dn hcpw. PmK-cn-XØ
- n¬ AXp Iptd-
°qSn hy‡-ambn tXm∂pw. PmK-cn-Xhpw kz]v\hpw ]cw-s]m-cp-fns‚
ZrjvSn-bn¬ hen-sbmcp kz]v\w am{X-am-Wv. Dd-°Ø - nepw DW¿∂n-cn-
°p∂ Bflm-hn-te°v \mw DW-cW - w. Dd-ßp∂ thf-bn¬ kpJw A\p-
`-hn-®p-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ \mw Bflm-\p-`h - Ø
- n-em-Wv. ]t£, DW¿∂-
Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta B kpJsØ Adn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. Dd-ßp-
tºmgpw Rm≥ DW¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ Dƒt_m[w sXfn-™-h≥
⁄m\n-bm-bn.
\√ Ccp-´p-ap-dn-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmgpw Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂ B D◊
bmsXmcp D]m-[n-bp-an-√msX \ap-°-\p-`-hn-°m-\m-Ipw. B GI-amb
Bflm-hmWv ]n∂oSv \ma-cq-]m-flI - a- mb Cu hniz-ambn \ΩpsS apºn¬
{]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂-Xv. B Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bmWvv A¥-°c-W-ß-fmbpw
C{µn-b-ß-fmbpw I¿Øm-hmbpw I¿Ω-ambpw amdn-a-d-bp-∂-Xv. Bflm-
hn¬X-s∂-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]tXyI i‡n-Nm-e\ - w-sIm-≠mWv CsX√mw
kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu A¤p-X-I-c-amb C{µ-Pm-esØ [ym\m-fl-I-ambn
H∂p \nco-£n-°p-I. At∏mƒ im¥n Xmt\ Dudn-°q-Spw.

28
ASn-ap-Sn-b-‰-Sn-sXm´p auen-b¥w
kv^pS-a-dn-bp-∂Xp Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw
PU-a-dn-ho-eXp Nn¥ sNbvXp sNm√p˛
∂nS-bn-en-cp-∂-dn-h-√-dn-™n-tSWw.

ASn apSn A‰v ˛ ASn-sbt∂m apSn-sbt∂m D≈

t`Z-Nn¥ C√mXmbn
ASn-sXm´p auen-b¥w ˛ F∂m¬ ASn apX¬ apSn hsc
kv^pSw Adn-bp-∂Xv ˛ sXfn-a-tbmsS Adn-bp-∂Xv
Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[-amWv.
PU-a-dn-hoe ˛ PU-h-kvXp-°ƒ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ
Adn-bp-∂n-√.
AXv ˛ B Xpcy-t_m[w
Nn¥-sNbvXv sNm√p∂ ˛ Nn¥n®v FØn-t®-cm-hp∂
CS-bn-bn-encp∂ Adn-h√ ˛ Xe-Øn¬ hcp∂ Adn-h-√.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

Bfl-t_m[w PmK-cn-X-Øntem kz]v\-Øntem kpjp-]vXn-

bntem A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp∂ Adn-h-√. Cu aq∂-h-ÿ-I-tfbpw D√w-
Ln-®p-\n¬°p∂ AXo-X-t_m-[-amWv Bfl-t_m-[w. AXp-sIm≠v
AXns\ \mem-atØXv F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ‘Xpcobw’ F∂pw ]d-
bmdp-≠v. Xpcobw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Hc-h-ÿ-b-√; Ah-ÿm-{X-b-km-
£n-bm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w km£n-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-_p-≤n-
sIm≠p Nn¥n-°p-tºm-gmWv ASn, apSn Fs∂m-s°-bp-ff am\-߃
D≠m-bn-h-cp-∂-Xv. km[m-cW _p≤n `uXn-I-hn-j-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-
s∏-´mWv {]h¿Øn®p ioen-®n-´p≈Xv. AXp-sIm≠v a\- n¬ hcp∂
tNmZy-߃s°√mw _p≤n DØcw ]d-bp-∂Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw,
I\w F∂o Af-hpI-fpsS am\-Z-WvU-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠m-
Wv. F∂m¬ Xpcy-t_m-[-am-Is´ Af-h-‰-Xm-Wv. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-≈
Af-hp-tIm¬sIm≠pw Af-°m≥ Ign-bmØ{X hym]vXn-bmWv Xpcy-
t_m-[-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.
 Xpcy-t_m[w A\-¥a - m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ASn-sbt∂m apSn-sbt∂m
D≈ hn`-P\w Xpcy-t_m-[-Øn¬ hcp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ B Xpcy-t_m-[-
Øn¬ `qanbpw BIm-ihpw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬
⁄m\w kv^Sn-I-k-¶m-i-amb sXfn-a-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂p. kwibw
teiw-t]m-ep-an-√. C{µn-b-ßfpw a\ pw _p≤n-bp-sa√mw P-U-h-kvXp-
°--fm-Wv. AXn\p kzbta {Kln-°p-hm-\p-ff i‡n-bn-√. Bflm-hns‚
{]Im-iØ - n-emWv AsX√mw {]Im-in-°p-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v PU-hk - vXp-
°ƒ°v Xpcy-t_m[w D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. Nn¥nt®m A\p-am-\nt®m FSp-
°m-hp∂ H∂√ Xpcy-t_m-[w. F√m Nn¥-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS ap{Z-
W- ß - f mb kv a c- W Ifp- a mbn _‘- s ∏- ´ mWv {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ - X v .
F∂m¬ Xpcy-t_m-[a - m-Is´ Aßs\-sbmcp kvac-Wb - p-a√
- . AXn-\m¬
AXns\ Nn¥n-®-dn-bm-\m-Ip-sa∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv A_-≤-am-Wv. F√m
D]m-[n-Ifpw Dt]-£n®v, Adn-hns\ kzbw {]Im-in-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-
°p-tºmƒ Xpcy-t_m[w kqcy-Xpeyw \Ω-n¬ {]Im-in-°pw. CXmWv
Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-cw.

29
a\-a-e¿ sImbvXp atli ]qP sNøpw
a\p-P\p as‰mcp the sNbvXn-tS≠.
h\-a-e¿ sImbvXp-a-X-√-bm-bvIn¬ ambm˛
a\p-hp-cp-hn-´p-an-cn-°n¬ amb amdpw.

a\-a-e¿ sImbvXv ˛ a\- nse k¶ev]-hn-Iev]-ß-fm-

Ip∂ ]q°ƒ \p≈n-sb-SpØv
atl-i-]qP sNøpw ˛ atl-i\v A¿®n-°p∂
a\p-P\v ˛ a\p-jy\v
as‰mcp the ˛ thsdmcp km[\
sNbvXn-tS≠ ˛ sNtø≠ Bh-iy-an-√.
h\-a-e¿ sImbvXpw ˛ As√-¶n¬ ]qs®-Sn-I-fn¬\n∂pw
]q°ƒ s]m´n®v A¿®n®pw
AX-√-bm-bvIn¬ ˛ C\n AXp-a-s√-¶n¬
ambm-a\p Dcp-hn´pw ˛ ambm-a{¥w Dcp-hn´v
Ccn-°n¬ ˛ km[\ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
amb amdpw ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p∂
amb amdn-t∏mIpw.
a\p-jy¿ F√m-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Htc-X-c-
Øn-ep-≈-h-c-√. Nne¿ Bfl-X-ØzsØ s]s´∂p {Kln-°p-∂p. Nne-
cm-Is´ {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bmsX Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Øc - nepw
Ccn-°p∂ hmk\-bmWv Ahs‚ CjvSm-\n-jvSß - sf \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-
Xv. hmk-\b - psS i‡nsb £bn-∏n-t°-≠Xv Bfl-XØ - z-{K-lW- Ø
- n\v
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-Xa - m-Wv. AXn-\mbn aq∂p D]m-bß- ƒ Kpcp ChnsS ]d-
™p-Xc - p-∂p. CXp \sΩ klm-bn-°phm\m-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw CW-
ßp-∂Xp am{Xw kzoI-cn-°p-I. ]t£, GXp km[\ sNøp-tºmgpw
e£yw Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-ca - m-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, ]q°ƒ hncn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv a\- n¬ k¶ev]-
ßfpw hnIev]-ßfpw A¶p-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu k¶ev]-hn-Iev]-ßsf
]qPm-]p-jv]-ß-fmbn IcpXn A¥-cm-flm-hm-Ip∂ atl-iz-c\v A¿®\
\S-Øp∂ {]{Inb XnI®pw [ym\m-fl-I-am-Wv. hfsc GIm-{KX
ssIh-cn® Hcmƒ°p am{Xta Cß-s\-sbmcp \njvT In´p-I-bp-≈q.
Aß- s \- b p- ≈ Hcmƒ°v thsd Hcp km[- \ - b psS Bh- i y- a n- √ .
Abmƒ t£{X-Øntem ]≈n-bntem t]mtI≠Xn√. A{Xbpw
B≤ym- fl nIamb Hu∂Xyw B¿÷n- ° m≥ Ign™n´n- s √- ¶ n¬
Ipd®p Im´p-]q-°ƒ CdpØv atl-iz-c\v A¿®-\-bmbn \¬Imw.
AXpa-s√-¶n¬, a\- nse amen-\y-߃ \oßp-hm-\mbn a{¥-߃
Dcp-hn-Smw. hnip-≤-amb F√m {KŸ-ßfpw Kpcq-]-tZ-i-ßfpw a{¥-
ß-fm-Wv. Ah \nc-¥cw kzm≤ymbw sNø-Ww. kwi-bn-t°≠.
ambm- t am- l - Ø ns‚ ]nSn- b n¬\n∂pw ]pd- Ø p- I - S - ° m≥ Ign- b pw.
hnizm-ky-X-tbmsS A\p-jvTn-°p-I.

30
PU-a-dn-ho-e-dn-hn∂p Nn¥-bn-t√m˛
XnSp-I-bp-an-√-dn-sh-∂-dn-™p k¿∆w
hnSp-In-e-h≥ hni-Zm-¥-cw-K-\mbv ta˛
epS-en-e-a¿∂p-g-ep-∂-Xn√ \q\w

PUw Adn-hoe ˛ PU-Øn\v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

Adn-hn∂p Nn¥-bn-√ ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[-Øn¬ Nn¥-I-fn√.
HmXn-Sp-I-bpan-√ ˛ B A\p-`hw hm°p-I-fn-te°v
]I¿Øp-hm\pw Bhp-I-bn-√.
Adn-sh-∂-dn-™p ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ Adn-bm≥ D]m-
[n-bpsS Bh-iy-an-√ F∂-dn™v
k¿∆w hnSp-In¬ ˛ PU-kw-_-‘-amb F√m sI´p-]m-
Sp-Ifpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
Ah≥ ˛ Hcp-h≥
hniZ A¥-cw-K-\mbv ˛ AXn-cp-If- n-√mØ NnZm-Im-iØ
- n¬
\nd-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mbnØocp-∂p.
ta¬ ˛ ]n∂oSv
DS-en¬ Aa¿∂v ˛ Rm≥ ico-c-am-sW-∂p-ff
A⁄m-\-Øn\v hi-K-\mbn
Dg-ep-∂-Xn-√ ˛ ZpxJn-°p-∂n-√.
\q\w ˛ CXp Xo¿®-bm-Wv.

\mw F¥-dn-bp-tºmgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. Nn¥n-°msX H∂pw

\ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. Nn¥n-®d - n-bp∂ Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p-`h - ß - fpw
am{Xta \ap°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≈q. F∂m¬ Ft∏m-gmtWm Nn¥-I-sf√mw
\nhr-Ø-am-Ip-∂Xv, hnc-an-°p-∂Xv At∏m-gmWv Xpcy-t_m[w {]Im-in-
°p-∂-Xv. Cu Xpcy-t_m[w a\- p-sImt≠m _p≤n-sImt≠m C{µn-b-
߃sImt≠m H∂pw {Kmly-amb Xc-Øn-ep-≈-X-√. ImcWw Ch-
sb√mw PU-h-kvXp-°-fm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w GIm-fl-{]-Xy-b-km-c-am-b-
Xn-\m¬, thsd H∂n-s‚bpw klm-ba - n-√msX kzbta Adn-bp∂p. AXm-
bXv \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ th‰p-a-bn-√msX Adn-bp∂p.
]m›m-Xy-XØ - z-Nn-¥I - c- n¬ AZzn-Xo-b\ - mb s_¿Kvk¨ B Adn-
hns\ A¥¿⁄m\w (intuition) F∂p hnfn-®p. AXp-sIm≠v, PU-h-
kvXp-°ƒsIm≠v \mw I≠p ioen® C{µn-bm-\p-`h - ß- fpw Xpcy-t_m-[-
as√∂p \n›bn-°-Ww. Xpcy-t_m-[m-\p-`-hsØ Ct∂-hsc Bcpw
hm°p-If - n¬ ]I¿∂p-h® - n-´n-√. A\p-`h - n-°p-∂h -- \v t`m‡r-Xz-an-√m-Ø-
Xn-\m¬ samgn-bm-\m-Ip-∂n-√. IS-ens‚ Bg-af - °- m≥ t]mb D∏p-]mh
Xncn-®p-h∂v \Ω-tfmSv IS-ens‚ AKm-[X - s- b-°p-dn®v ]d-™p-Xc - n-Ib
- n-
s√∂v \ap-°d - n-bmw. ISepw ]mhbpw H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂m¬ ]ns∂ Bcp
]dbpw? Adn-hn-ea - ¿∂m¬ ]ns∂ \m\mXz-ßf - n-√. At∏mƒ Ahs‚
A¥-cwKw kmK-cw-t]mse A\-¥-am-bn-Øo-cpw. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw
Ah\v imco-cn-It- _m-[Ø - m¬ ZpxJn-®p-ge - p-hm≥ CS-hc - p-∂n-√. ZpxJw
ico-cØ- n-t‚-Xm-Wv. Bflmhn-t‚-X√ - . Bflm-hn¬ \mw B\-µX - p-µn-e-
cm-Wv. AhnsS ZpxJ-Øns‚ ]ina Ati-ja - n-√.

31
A\p-`-h-am-Zn-bn-sem-∂n-cn-°n-e-√m˛
X\p-an-Xn-bn-√nXp ap∂-a-£n-bmte
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-Xp-sIm≠p [¿Ωn-bp-s≠˛
∂\p-an-Xn-bm-e-dn-ho-e-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
A\p-`hw ˛ C{µn-b-{]Xy-£amb A-\p-`hw
BZn-bn¬ ˛ BZy-ta-Xs∂
H∂n-cn-°n¬ A√msX ˛ H∂p-≠m-ImsX
A\p-anXn C√ ˛ A\p-am-\n-®-dn-bp-hm-≥ \ap-°p-
Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
CXv ˛ Cu Xpcy-t_m[w
ap∂w ˛ apºv
A£n-bmte ˛ C{µn-b-{]-Xy-£-ambn
A\p-`-hn-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v ˛ A\p-`-hn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v
[¿Ωn-bp-s≠∂v ˛ -[¿Ω-߃s°√mw A[n-jvTm-\-
amb [¿Ωn Ds≠-∂p-≈Xv
A\p-an-Xn-bm¬ ˛ A\p-am-\-Øn-eqsS
Adn-hoe ˛ Adn-bm≥ ]‰p-I-bn√.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw \n›bw hcp-ØWw.

A\p-`hw F∂p \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-hns\

t\cn´p ImWp-tºm-gm-Wv. \mw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂p: ‘Rm≥
IS¬∏ip-hns\ I≠p.’ At∏mƒ Abmƒ Xncn®p tNmZn-°pw: ‘IS¬∏-
ip-thm? AsX-¥mWv?’ CXns‚ A¿∞w Abmƒ°v IS¬∏ip-hns‚
{]Xy-£m-\p-`hw D≠m-bn-´n√ F∂m-Wv. Abmƒ IS¬∏-ip-hns\
t\cn´p I≠n-´n-√. AXp-sIm≠mWv Abm-fn¬ kwibw P\n-®Xv.
F∂m¬ IS¬∏ip-hns\ Abmƒ°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Abm-fpsS
{]Xn-I-cWw thsd coXnbn¬ BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p: ‘Dt∆m. \o It≠m?
AsX-hn-sS-bmWv?’ F∂m-bn-cn-°pw. Abmƒ°v IS¬∏ip-hns‚
cq]sØ A\p-am-\n-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p. Cu temI-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-
Øn¬ F¥p I≠mepw \mw AXn-s\mcp t]cp sImSp-°pw. t]cv A¥x-
I-c-W-Ønse Hc-h-b-h-amb NnØ-Øn¬ t]mbn ad-™n-cn-°pw. t]cp
am{X-a√ NnØ-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ I≠ hkvXp-hns‚
cq]hpw t]cns‚IqsS ad-™n-cn-°pw. ]ns∂, B t]cp tIƒ°p-tºmƒ
\ΩpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂Xv hkvXp-h-√; hkvXp-hns‚ Hcp
Imev]-\n-I-cq-]-am-Wv. CXns\ {]Xn` F∂p ]d-bpw.
Xpco-bm-\p-`hw \ap°v apºp≠m-bn-´n-√. AXp-sIm≠v \ap-°X - ns\
A\p-am-\n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bn-√. am{X-a√ Xpco-bm-\p-`hw Hcp {]Xn-`-
bp-a-√. Cu temI-Øns‚ Imcyhpw Aß-s\--X-s∂-bm-Wv. ImWp∂
temIw \ndw, aWw, cpNn, kv]¿iw, i_vZw F∂o [¿Ω-ßfm-Wv.
F∂m¬ Cu temI-Øns‚ A[n-jvTm-\a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ [¿Ωnsb {]Xy-
£-ambn Adn-bm-ØX - p-sIm≠v A\p-am-\n-®d- n-bp-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂n-√. A\p-
am-\n-°W- s - a-¶n¬ AXp aptº A\p-`h - n-®n-cn-°W - w. Bflm-\p-`hw \ap-
°n-√m-ØX - p-sIm≠v \mw A\p-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw Duln-°p-∂Xpw shdpw
k¶ev]h - n-Iev]ß- ƒ am{X-am-Wv. C°mcyw a\- n-em-°W - w.
 32
Adn-hXp [¿Ωn-sb-b√ [¿Ω-am-ao˛
bcp-fnb [¿Ωn-b-Zr-iy-am-I-bmte
[c apX-em-b-h-sbm-∂p-an√ Xmßp˛
s∂mcp hSnhmadn-hp-≈-tXm¿Øn-tS-Ww.
Adn-hXp ˛ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xp
[¿Ωn-sb-b√ ˛ Adn-hns‚ A[n-jvTm-\-amb
[¿Ωn-sb-b-√.
[¿Ωamw ˛ [¿Ω-ßsfbm-Wv.
Cu Acp-fnb [¿Ωn ˛ ChnsS ]d-bp∂ [¿Ωn
AZriyw BI-bmte ˛ C{µn-b-tKm-N-ctam at\m-tKm-N-
ctam A√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
[c apX-em-bh ˛ ]rYn-hn, Pew, A·n, hmbp,
BImiw apX-embh
H∂pw C√ ˛ [¿Ω-߃ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v ]c-
am¿∞-Øn¬ C√m-Ø-XmWv.
Xmßp∂ ˛ {]m]-©n-I-[¿Ω-߃s°√mw
Xmßm-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp hSnhmw ˛ Htc-sbmcp B[mcw am{X-amb
Adnhv D≈Xv ˛ Adnhp am{X-amWv D≈-Xv.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Cu -c-lkyw Hm¿Øn-tS-Ww.

[¿Ω-߃s°√mw CSw sImSp-°p∂ [¿Ωn ImWm-a-d-b-ØmWv

h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. [¿Ωnsb ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv
Hcp aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√. Hcp ssIte-kp-I-jWw
FSp-Øm¬, AXp \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp \qep sIm≠m-sW-¶nepw \mw
AXv ssIte-km-sWt∂ ]d-bp-I-bp-f-fq. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, \qep-
Iƒ \nc-h[n tN¿∂v Hcp ]pXnb cq]sØ ssIsIm-≠-t∏mƒ AXv
ssItekmbn amdn. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp ]qsh-Sp-Øm¬, B ]qhns‚
\ndw, aWw, BIm-cw CsXms° \ap°v C{µn-b-{Km-ly-am-Wv. F∂m¬
\ndw ]qhmtWm? A√ F∂p- ]d-tb≠n hcpw. aWw ]qhmtWm? A√
F∂p-Xs∂ DØ-cw. AXns‚ am¿±hw ]qhmtWm? AXpw ]qh-√.
]ns∂, Chsb√mw F¥mWv? Ch-bmWv [¿Ω-߃. F√m [¿Ω-ßfpw
tN¿∂n-Wßn hcp-tºmƒ AXp ]qhmbn amdp-∂p. ]ns∂, F¥mWv
]qsh∂v tNmZn-®m¬, Cu [¿Ω-ß-sf-sbm-s°tb \ap°v Nq≠n-°m-
Wn-°m≥ Ign-bq. ChnsS [¿Ωn-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ ]qhv AZr-iyambn-cn-
°p∂p.
 \√-Xp-t]mse hnNmcw sNøp-∂h - \p am{Xta CXp a\- n-em-Iq. A√m-
Ø-h≥ [¿Ω-ß-fpsS sI´p-]m-Sn¬s]´v Ducn-t∏m-cm-\m-ImsX hnj-
an®psIm-≠n-cn-°pw. temI-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw Aß-s\-Xs - ∂-bm-W.v Adn-
hns‚ Htc-sbmcp hSnhp am{Xta D≈q. B hSn-hns\ ad-®p-h® - p-sIm-
≠mWv `qanbpw sh≈hpw Im‰pw Xobpw BIm-ih - p-sa√mw \Ω-fpsS
ImgvN-h-´-Øn-te°p hcp-∂-Xv. Ch-sb√mw [¿Ω-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv
\n¬°p-∂h - b
- m-W.v Adnhv H∂p-am-{X-amWv [¿Ωn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v hSnhv
F∂ hm°v Kpcp-hns‚ IrXn-If - n¬ khn-ti-jm¿∞-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-
∂-Xm-W.v hSn-hn\v Cw•o-jn¬ subsratum F∂p ]d-bpw. Cu hSn-hmWv
F√m-‰n-s‚bpw B[m-ca - m-bn-cn-°p∂Xvv F∂p a\- n-em-°W - w.

33
Adnhp \nP-ÿn-Xn-bn-ß-dn-™n-Sm-\m-bv˛
≤c apX-emb hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\
adn-bp-a-h-ÿ-bn-te-dn-am-dn- h-´w˛
Xncn-bp-a-em-X-kaw Xncn-™n-Sp-∂p.

Adnhv ˛ [¿Ωn-bmb Adnhv

\nP-ÿnXn ˛ kz¥w \nesb
Cß-dn-™n-Sm-\mbv ˛ kzbta A\p-`-hn-®dn-bm\mbn
[c apX-emb ˛ `qan apX-emb
hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\ ˛ ]©-`q-X-ß-fm-Ip∂ [¿Ω-ßsf
kzbw ssIs°m-≠p-sIm≠v
adnbpw Ah-ÿ-bn¬ ˛ Ne-\m-fl-I-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bn¬
Gdn amdn h´w Xncnbpw ˛ Gdnbpw amdnbpw Np‰n-Øn-cn-bp∂
Aem-X-kaw ˛ Xos°m-ffn Id-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-
Ip∂ Xoh-e-b-{]-XoXnt]mse
Xncn-™n-Sp∂p ˛ Adn-hn¬ Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-
\m¬ {]]-©-{]-XoXn tXm∂n-°p-
∂p.

Adnhv Htc-k-abw ssÿXn-Ihpw Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-am-Wv. AXns‚

_mly-h-i-Øp-\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ Adn-hn\p ]e-X-c-Øn-ep-ff cq]-
t`-Z-ßfpw `mh-t`-Z-ßfpw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.
Adn-hns\ Bg-Øn¬ t]mbn Adn-™m¬ ssÿXn-Ia - mb Hcp km£n-
bpsS \ne-bm-bn-cn°pw. krjvSn F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Adn-hn-s‚-Xs∂
Nme-\-{]-{Inb-bpsS XpS-°-am-Wv. Adn-hn¬ A¥¿K-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂
C—m-i‡n aqe-amWv krjvSn-{]-{In-b°v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂X- v. krjvSn-
°-s∏´ krjvSn-Pm-e-߃s°√mw Adn-hn¬\n∂pw A\y-Ym-I-cn® Hcp
tXm∂-en\v CS-h-cp-Øp-∂p.
AXn-s\-bmWv Pohs‚ Akzmÿyw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kIe
Poh-Pm-e-ß-fnepw Cu Akzmÿyw ImWmw. \nP-ÿnXn Adn-bp-
thmfw Cu Akzmÿyw \ne-\nev°pw. \nP-ÿnXn Adn-™m¬ F√mw
kzÿ-am-Ipw. {]]©-Ne\w D≠m-Ip-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn Poh-Pm-e-߃
hn{`m-¥n-bn¬ AI-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp Xos°m-≈n FSpØv Npg-‰n-bm¬
Xos°m-≈n k©-cn-°p∂ hrØm-Im-c-Øn¬ apgp-h\pw Xo IØn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. sIm≈n-bpsS sX√Øpam{Xta Xobp-
≈q F∂p \ap-°-dn-bmw. F∂mepw \ΩpsS IÆns\ Ft¥m H∂v
NXn-°p-∂p-≠v. imkv{Xw Cu sX‰ns\ optical illusion F∂mWv
]d-bm-dv. {i≤m-\zn-X-ambn hnth-N-\\m]q¿∆w a\\w sNbvXmte Adn-
hns‚ \nP-ÿn-Xnsb {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-hsc {]]-©-
Øns‚ {`am-fl-I-X-bn¬ \Ωfpw Ipcp-ßn-t∏m-Ipw.

34
Ac-s\m-Sn-bm-Zn-b-cm-fn-bm¿∂nSpw tX˛
cpcp-f-Xn-te-dn-bp-cp-≠n-Sp∂p temIw
Adn-hn-e-\m-Zn-b-Xmbv \S-∂nSpw X≥˛
Xncp-hn-f-bm-S-en-sX-∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
Ac-s\mSn BZn ˛ ka-b-Øns‚ G‰hpw sNdnb
am{XIfmb
Acmfn B¿∂nSpw ˛ Bc-°m-ep-I-tfmSp IqSnb
tXcp-cp-f-Xn¬ Gdn ˛ cY-N-{I-Øn¬ Ibdn
Dcp-≠n-Sp∂p ˛ Dcp-≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv temIw
˛ temIw.
Adn-hn¬ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬
A\mZn AXmbv ˛ Imem-Xo-X-ambn
\S-∂nSpw ˛ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
X≥ Xncp-hn-f-bm-S¬ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ Znhy-\-S\w am{X-am-Wv.
CsX∂v ˛ Cu temIw F∂p
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ t_m[y-s∏-´p-sIm-≈Ww.

temIw \Ω-fn-te°v IS-∂p-hc- p-∂Xv A\p-`h- ß - f- psS \pdp-ßp-I-

fm-bm-W.v F{X-sb{X Zriy-ßf
- mWv amdn-amdn a\- n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-
Xv. Hc-\p-`hw D≈nepw shfn-bnepw Htc-t]mse Xßn-\n¬°p-tºmƒ
AXns\ Ac-s\mSn F∂p ]d-bpw. F∂p ]d-™m¬ h¿Ø-am-\I - m-e-
Øn¬ am{Xta A\p-`h - Ø- n\v \ne-\n¬∏p-≈q. ASp-Ø£ - Ww thsdm-c-
\p-`hw h¿Ø-am-\I - m-eØ- n-te°p IS∂phcp-∂p. At∏mƒ sXm´p-ap-ºp≠m-
bn-cp∂ A\p-`hw `qX-Im-eØ - ns‚ sN∏n-te°v ]n≥hm-ßp-∂p. Hc-\p-`hw
h¿Ø-am-\I - m-eØ- n¬ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒXs∂ `mhn-bn¬ C\n hmcm-\n-
cn-°p∂ A\p-`h - Ø
- ns‚ km[yX Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠.v CXn-s\-sbms°
\nb-{¥n-°p∂ \nbaw F¥m-sW∂p tNmZn-®m¬ XnI®pw At⁄-ba- mb
Hcp Xe-Øn-¬ \ΩpsS a\- p-sN∂v DS°n-\n¬°pw.
temI-Øns‚ Cu Nm{In-I-amb Ne-\m-fl-I-Xsb Hcp cY-N-{I-
Øn-t\m-SmWv Kpcp D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS temIsØ (space)
Ime-Øn¬ (time) \n∂pw `n∂n-∏n-°m-sX-bmWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. cY-
N-{I-Øns‚ Bc-°m-ep-Isf Ime-Øns‚ am{X-Ifmbn FÆp-∂p.
Hmtcm Bc-°mepw `qansb kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ AsXmcp h¿Ø-am-\-
Im-em-\p-`-h-ambn. B Bc-°m¬ ]n∂m-ºp-d-tØ°p t]mIp-tºmƒ
AXp `qX-Im-e-am-bn. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Bc-°m-ep-Iƒ `mhn-Im-e-Øns‚
kqN-\-I-fm-Wv. C{Xbpw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp D]a thsdsb-hn-sSbpw
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. D]-\n-jØ - p-°f- n¬ Nne Ahy‡ ]cm-a¿i-
߃ Ds≠∂ Imcyw ad-°p-∂n-√. Adn-hn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Cu cY-N-{I-k-am-\-amb Xncn-®n-ens\ Bflm-hns‚ Xncp-hn-f-bm-´-am-
bn-´mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]]©w F∂Xv inhs‚ \S-\-am-
sW∂v ssihkn-≤m-¥n-Iƒ Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu {]]-©-\-S-\w- F∂p
XpSßnsb∂p Duln-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. A\m-Zn-bm-sW∂v \nK-
an-°mt\ H°q. Pohn-XØns‚ Cu \S-t\m-’-h-Øn¬ \ap°pw ]¶p-
tN¿∂p \rØ-am-Sm≥ Ign-bW - w. \ΩpsS Ir{Xn-aK
- u-ch
- ß- f
- psS s]m≈-
Ø-c-߃ At∏mƒ XI¿∂p-ho-gpw. Bflm-\p-`hn AXp-sIm≠v \S-\-
ss`-c-h≥X-s∂-bm-Wv.

35
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-Zn-tX-b-scm-∂mbv
hcp-h-Xp-t]mse hcpw hnth-I-hrØn
Adn-hns\ aqSp-a-\n-Xy-am-b-bm-ao˛
bncp-fn-s\-bo¿s∂-gp-am-Zn-kq-cy-\-t{X.

Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw ˛ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw

BZn-tX-b¿ ˛ kqcy-∑m¿
H∂mbv hcp-h-Xp-t]mse ˛ H∂n®pZn®m¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse
hcpw ˛ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv
hnth-I-hrØn ˛ Bfl-t_m[w.
Adn-hns\ aqSpw ˛ Adn-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xsb s]mXn-
™p-\n¬°p∂
A\n-Xy-am-bbmw ˛ \nXy-a-√mØ amb BIp∂
Cu Ccp-fns\ ˛ Cu A⁄m-\-am-Ip∂ Ccp-´ns\
Cu¿s∂gpw ˛ ]nf¿∂p-am‰n DZn-®p-b-cp∂
BZn-kq-cy-\t{X ˛ BZn-kq-cy-\mWv Bfl-t_m-[w.
Bflm-\p-`-h-sØ `mj-bn-eqsS hyh-l-cn-®p-X-cm≥ Bhp-I-bn-√.
hymh-lm-cn-I-`m-j-bn¬ Bflm-hn\p XØp-ey-ambn H∂pw-Xs∂ C√.
aqI-\mb Hcmƒ BZy-ambn ]©-kmc Xn∂p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B A\p-
`hw Fßs\ thsdm-cmƒ°v ]d™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ignbpw? AtX-t]m-
se-bp-≈ Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv Bfl ⁄m-\n-bp-tS-Xv. F∂mepw \mcm-b-
W-Kpcp a\p-jy-ta-[sb `mthm-÷z-e-am-°p∂ Hcp-Zm-l-cWw FSp-Øp-
Im-Wn-°p-∂p.
Adnhv shfn-®-am-Wv. Hcp- kq-cys‚ shfn-®w-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu
`qa-WvU-ew apgp-h≥ {]Im-i-]q-cn-X-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp ]Xn-\m-
bncw kqcy-∑m¿ H∂n-®p-Zn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ccp-´ns‚ Hcp sNdp-I-
Wn-I-°p-t]mepw ChnsS \n¬°-°-≈n-bn-√m-Xm-Ipw. AXp-t]m-se-
bmWv Bfl-kq-cy-\p-Zn-®m¬ A⁄m-\-Øn-t‚-Xmb A‘-Im-c-Øn\v
\ΩpsSbp≈n¬ \ne-bp-d-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp-∂-Xv. Adn-hns\
aqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ ambm-aq-Sp-]Sw Xpc∂v BZn-a-amb Bfl-kq-cys‚
{]Imiw shfn-hm-Ip∂ Nn{Xw Imhy-kp-µcamWv. Cu `mhp-I-Xz-aq-
dp∂ Nn{Xw \ΩpsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw D≈n¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂
A\-¥-km-[y-X-Isf Zo-]vX-am-°m≥ t]mcp∂-Xm-Wv. Kpcphns‚ A¥-
cm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv Cu t«mI-Øn-se -{]-ta-bw.

36
Adn-hn\p i‡n-b-\-¥-ap-≠n-sX-√m˛
adp-Xn-bnSmw ka-b-\y-sb-∂n-hÆw
Ccp-]n-cn-hm-bnXn-e-\y-km-ay-am¿∂p˛
≈p-cp-hn-e-a¿∂p sXfn™pW¿∂n-tS-Ww-.

Adn-hn\p ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hn\v

i‡n A\-¥-ap≠v ˛ A\-¥-amb i‡n-I-fp-≠v.
CsX√mw ˛ Cu i‡n-I-sf-sb√mw
ka A\y F∂n-hÆw ˛ ka F∂pw A\y F∂p-ap-≈
Ccp-]n-cn-hmbv ˛ c≠p `m-K-ß-fmbn
Adp-Xn-bnSmw ˛ Xcw-Xn-cn-®p a\- n-em-°mw.
CXn¬ ˛ Cu ]ncn-hn¬
A\y-km-ay-am¿∂p-≈ ˛ A\ybpw kabpw Hcp-t]mse
ka-\z-bn®n-cn-°p∂
Dcp-hn¬ ˛ kzcq-]-Øn¬
Aa¿∂v ˛ A\p-`-h-km-bpPyw Is≠Øn
sXfn™v ˛ kwi-b-ß-sf√mw ]mtS t]mbn
DW¿∂n-tSWw ˛ DW¿∂n-cn-°-Ww.
Adn-hns‚ Ne-\m-flI - X Ah-[n-bn-√mØ-Xm-Wv. AXns‚ km[y-
X--Iƒ F{X-am{Xaps≠∂v \ap°v FÆn-Øn-´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. AXp-
sIm≠v Adn-hn\p i‡n A\-¥-ap-≠v. F∂mepw kXym-t\z-j-I-\mb
HcmfpsS Ah-[m-c-W-Øn-\mbn Kpcp ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p∂p. Cu i‡n-
Iƒ°v s]mXpth c≠p Xc-Øn-ep-ff kz`m-h-ß-fmWp≈Xv. Cßs\
hI-Xn-cn®p a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ BZysØ i‡n On{Z-i-‡n-bm-Wv.
c≠m-a-tØXv GIo-I-c-W-i-‡n-bm-Wv. On{Z-i‡n k¿∆Ym Ie-ln-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. B[p-\n-I-a-\-xim-kv{X-Øn¬ CXns\ negative
mind F∂mWv ]d-bp∂-Xv. t_m[-Øn¬Xs∂ Ccn-°p∂ sFIy-s∏-
Sm-\p-ff Du¿÷-Nm-e-\-am-Wv positive mind.
Cu t«m-I-Øn¬ Kpcp kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ kw⁄-Iƒ ‘A\y’
F∂pw ‘ka’ F∂p-am-Wv. temI-hp-am-bn XmZm-fly-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ \m\m-
Xz-{`aw Df-hm-°p∂ _p≤n-bmWv A\y. AXp-sIm-≠m-WXv Ie-ln-°p-
∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Bfl-\n-jvT-amb _p≤n-bmWv ka. AXv IqSp-X¬
kvt\l-Øns‚bpw Imcp-Wy-Øn-s‚bpw ka-\z-bØ - n-s‚bpw hgn-bm-Wv.
Cu c≠p i‡n-Ifpw Adn™pw Adn-bm-tXbpw \Ω-fn-sems°
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]t£, Ch c≠pw {]mIr-Xn-Ia - mb i‡n-If - m-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v A\ybpw kabpw _‘-tl-Xp-Ia - m-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp-∂Xv
Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-cØ - n-te°v AW-bW - s- a-¶n¬ Hcp L´w IqSn apt∂-
td-≠X - p-≠v. A\y°pw ka°pw CSw sImSp-°p∂ Hcp A[n-jvTm-\a - p-
≠v. B A[n-jvTm\w Adn-hns‚ tIh-eX - b- m-Wv. B A[n-jvTm-\sØ
Kpcp ChnsS \ma-Ic - Ww sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv ‘A\y-kmay’ F∂m-Wv.
B A\y-km-ay-bn¬ Aa-cp∂-Xn-eqsS \mw Aa-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
AXn\mbn \Ωnse XrjvWI - s- f√mw HSp-tß-≠X - m-bn-´p-≠v. At_m-[-
Øn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-°p∂ Ima-˛-t{Im-[-˛-tem` t{]c-W-Iƒ F√mw
Hgn™pXo-cWw. At∏mƒ D≈w sXfn-hp-≈X - m-bn-Øo-cpw. B sXfn-
hn¬ Ft∏mgpw DW¿∂n-cn-°W - w.
 37
hnj-a-X-bm¿s∂-gp-a-\y- sh-∂p-sImƒhm≥
hnj-a-a-J-WvUhn-th-I-i-‡n-sbt∂y
hnj-asb sh∂-Xn-\m¬ hnth-I-amIpw
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbm-S-W-™n-tS-Ww.

hnj-a-X-bm¿s∂gpw A\y ˛ A\y F∂ i‡n hnj-a-X-Iƒ

D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
sh∂p-sImƒhm≥ hnjaw ˛ CXns\ adn-I-S-°p-hm≥ hfsc
{]bm-k-am-Wv.
AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i-‡n-sbt∂y ˛ F∂m¬ AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i‡n
bp-s≠¶n¬ km[n-°pw.
AXn-\m¬ ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
hnj-asb sh∂v ˛ A\y-bm-Ip∂ hnj-asb AXn-
h¿Øn®v
hnth-I-amIpw ˛ AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-am-Ip∂
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbmSv ˛ hnj-b-Øns‚ ]‰en-√mØ
Bfl-t_m-[-tØmSv
AW-™n-tSWw ˛ tN¿∂n-cp-∂ntS-Ww.

A\ysb Pbn-°p-hm≥ hnj-a-am-Wv. X∂n¬\n∂v F√m-‰n-t\bpw

A\y-ambn Adn-bp-∂-XmWv A\y-Ym-{K-l-Ww. Cu {]]©w apgp-h\pw
X∂n- ¬ \n∂v A- \ y- a m- s W- ∂ - d n- b p- t ºmƒ Abm- f n¬ D≠m- I p∂
BZysØ Ahÿ Zmcn{Zy-am-Wv. A∂-Øns‚ A`mhw am{X-a√
Zmcn{Zyw. C√mbva a\- ns\ _m[n-®p-Xp-S-ßp-∂n-S-Øp-\n-∂mWv
Zmcn{Zyw XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ temIw apgp-h≥ Xt‚-Xm-°-W-sa∂
B{K-lw Abmfn¬ P\n-°pw. AXmWv Abmsf Zcn-{Z-\m-°p-∂-Xv.
Aßs\ Abmƒ temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]cn{ia-߃ apgp-
h≥, Fs¥m-s°-bmtWm X∂n¬\n-∂v A-\y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv AXn-s\-
sb√mw Xt‚-Xm-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n-bm-Wv. Cu apgp-h≥ \mK-cn-I-X-bp-
tSbpw hnI-k\w Aß-s\-sbmcp Zmcn-{Zy-Øn¬\n-∂mWv \S-∂p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kpJw Xnc-bp-∂-Xp-t]mepw temI-hn-jb-ß-fn-em-Wv.-
A-Xns‚ ImcWw, BZy-ta-Xs∂ \mw temIsØ \Ωn¬\n∂pw A\y-
am-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
Cu A\y-Xz-ap-≈ _p≤nsb Pbn-°p-hm≥ Htc-sbmcp hgn-tb-bp-ff - q.
Rm≥ AJ-WU v t- _m-[k
- z-cq-]\
- m-sW-∂d - n-bp-I. Rm≥ ]q¿Æ-\m-sW∂-
dn-bp-I. Rm≥ \mi-an-√m-Øh - \m-sW-∂d - n-bp-I. CXn-s\-bmWv hnthIw
F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v hnth-tIm-Zbw D≠m-bm¬ hnj-bs - sh-ja- y-Øn¬\n-
∂p-≈ ap‡n Xmt\ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≈pw. sshcmKyw _ew ]nSn®p D≠m-
°n-sb-Sp-t°≠ H∂-√. kpJ-hk - X
v p-hn-te°v a\ v N©-en-®p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-W.v F∂m¬ hnthIw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ F√m kpJ-ßf - p-tS-
bpw \ntI-X\w Bflm-hp-Xs - ∂-bm-sW∂v Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂p. At∏mƒ
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-bn-Xs∂ Ah≥ hnj-bh - n-tcm-[n-bmbn `hn-°p-∂p. hntcm-[-
an-√mØ hntcm[n F∂p a\- n-em-°W - w.

38
]e-hn-[-am-b-dn-bp-∂-X-\y-sbm-∂mbv
hne-kp-hXmw ka-sb∂p taen-temXpw
\ne-sb-b-dn™p \nh¿∂p kmay-taepw
Ie-bn-e-en™p Ie¿∂n-cp-∂n-tS-Ww.

]e hn[-ambv Adn-bp-∂Xv ˛ Adn-hns‚ GI-Xsb ]e-Xmbn

Adn-bp-∂Xv
A\y ˛ A\y-bm-Wv.
H∂mbv hne-kp-hXmw ˛ kI-e-Xn-t\bpw H∂mbn Adn-bp-∂Xv
ka ˛ ka-bmWv
F∂v taen--temXpw ˛ CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C\n
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂
\nesb Adn™v ˛ Fhn-sS-bmWv \ne-bp-d-∏n-t°-≠-
sX∂p a\- n-em°n
\nh¿∂v ˛ t_m[sØ Ccp-i-‡n-Ifn¬
\n∂pw \nh¿Øn-∏n®v
kmay-taepw Ie-bn¬ ˛ A\ybpw kabpw HØp-tN-cp∂
\Sp-\n-e-bn¬
Aen™v ˛ kzbw Aen-™p-tN¿∂v
Ie¿∂n-cp-∂n-tSWw ˛ B A\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ Ft∏mgpw
Pohn-®p-sIm-≈Ww.
A\y F¥m-sW∂pw ka F¥m-sW∂pw \n¿hNn-°p-∂X - mWv Cu
]Zyw. Adnhv \m\m-Xz-Øn-te°pw GI-Xz-Øn-te°pw Nen-°p∂ kz`m-
h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX
- m-W.v Adn-hns‚ Cu KXo-bX - sb (dynamism) Hcp
DZm-lc
- W
- Ø
- n-eqsS a\- n-em-°mw. Hcp kqcy-civansb Hcp {]nkØneqsS
IS-Øn-hn-Sp-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬ AXv k]vXh - ¿Æ-ambn NnX-dn-∏n-cn-bp-∂Xp
ImWmw. F∂m¬ At\-Ik - q-cy-ci
- a
v n-Isf Hcp se≥kn-eqsS IS-Øn-hn-
´m¬ AsXmcp _nµp-hn¬ h∂p tI{µo-Ic - n-°p∂Xpw ImWmw. CtX-
t]m-se-bmWv Adnhv GI-Xm-\a- m-Ip-∂Xpw _lp-kz-cn-Xa
- m-Ip-∂X
- pw.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥-I-fn¬ tI´p-t]m-cp∂ hnt«-jWw (analysis) Adn-
hns‚ A\y F∂ Xe-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ kwt«-jWw
(synthesis) Adn-hns‚ ka F∂ i‡n-bm-Wv. Ch c≠n¬ GsX-
¶nepw H∂n\p {]m[m\yw sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-≈ Hcp Pohn-X-ho-£-
W-sØ-b√ Kpcp hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Chbv°p c≠n\pw Ah-
bp-tS-Xmb kmwK-Xy-ß-fp-≠v. {]k-‡n-bp-≠v. kasb D]-tbm-Kn-
t°-≠n-SØv kasb D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw A\ysb D]-tbm-Kn-t°-
≠n-SØv A\ysb D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\mWv tbmKn.
Aßs\ c≠p {[ph-ß-tfbpw Ipi-e-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-
sa-¶n¬ \mw \ΩpsS D◊sb Hcp \Sp-\n-e-bn¬ \ndptØ-≠-Xm-bn-
´p-≠v. B \Sp-\n-e-bmWv kmay-taepw Ie. B Ie-bn¬ Aen-™p-
tN¿∂v AXm-bn-X-s∂-bn-cn-°-Ww. ChnsS Zzµzm-Xo-X-\m-bn-Øocp∂
tbmKn I¿Xr-Xz-˛-⁄m-Xr-Xz˛t`m‡rXz tZmj-ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw
hnap-‡-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

39
Acp-fnb i‡n-IsfØpS¿∂p c≠mw
]ncn-hn-h-bn¬ ka-X≥hn-ti-j-taIw
hncXn hcm hnj-am-hn-ti-j-sam-∂n˛
Øc-anh c≠p Xc-Øn-em-bn-Sp∂p
Acp-fnb ˛ apI-fn¬ ]d™
i‡n-Isf XpS¿∂v ˛ c≠p i‡n-Isf Xp-S¿∂phcp∂
c≠mw ]ncnhv ˛ c≠p ]ncn-h-p-IƒIqSn D≠v.
Ch-bn¬ ˛ Cu ]ncn-hp-I-fn¬
GIw ˛ H∂v
ka-X≥ hntijw ˛ ka-bpsS hnti-j-amWv
H∂v ˛ thsdm∂v
hncXn hcm ˛ A¥-an-√mØ
hnj-am-hn-tijw ˛ A\y-bpsS hnti-j-am-Wv.
CØcw ˛ Cßs\
c≠p Xc-Øn¬ ˛ c≠p Xc-Øn-emWv
Ch ˛ ]ncn-hp-Iƒ
Bbn-Sp∂p ˛ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ka F∂ i‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw A\y F∂ i‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw Hcp
G-I-tZ-i- hn-h-cWw Ign™ aq∂p ]Zy-ß-fn-eqsS \¬In-°-gn-™p.
F∂m¬ Ipd-®p-IqSn hym]vXn-bn¬ Adn-hns‚ Cu i‡n-Isf°pdn®v
a\- n-em-t°-≠X - p-≠v. ka°pw A\y°pw kmam-\yw (general) hnti-
jw (particular) F∂ Xc-Øn¬ ho≠pw Hcp D]-hn-`P - \w Bh-iy-ambn
h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. kmam\yw F∂m¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw H∂n-s®-SpØv ]d-bp-
∂-Xn-s\-bmWv hnti-jw- F-∂m¬ AXn-te-sX-¶nepw H∂ns\ {]tXy-In-
s®-SpØp ]d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. hmg F∂Xv Hcp kmam-\y-]-Z-am-Wv.
]qh≥hm-g, IZ-fn-hm-g, IÆ≥hmg F∂nh hnti-j] - Z- ß- f
- m-W.v hnti-j-
߃ tN¿∂mWv kmam\yw D≠m- I p- ∂ - X v . F∂m¬ Nne- t ∏mƒ
kmam\yhpw hnti-ja - m-bn-Øo-cm\nS-bp-≠.v hr£w F∂ kmam-\ysØ
FSp-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ At\-Ih - r-£ß- f- n¬ H∂mWv hmg. At∏mƒ hmg
hnti-ja - mbnØocp-∂p. F√m kmam-\yßfpsSbpw kam-\m-[n-Ic - W
- a
- m-
bn-cn-°p∂ (common basis) H∂mWv Adnhv F∂ hnh-£. At∏mƒ
kasb-Xs∂ kmam-\y-ka, hntijka F∂pw, A\y-sb-Xs∂ kmam\y
A\y, hntij- A\y F∂pw ]ncn-®p-]d - t- b-≠n-hc
- pw. C\n hcp∂ t«mI-
ß-fn¬ C°mcyw DZm-lc - W
- k
- l - nXw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠.v

40
ka-bnepa\y-bnepw kZm]n h∂n˛
ßa-cp-h-Xp-≠-X-Xn≥ hnti-j-i‡n
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-ep-amsI c≠n-h-‰n≥˛
{`a-I-e-bm-e-Jnew {]ta-b-am-Ipw.

ka-bnepw A\y-bnepw ˛ kao-I-cn-°p∂ Adn-hnepw A\y-

Ym-I-cn-°p∂ Adn-hnepw
kZm]n ˛ Ft∏mgpw
AX-Xn≥ hnti-j-i‡n ˛ ka°v ka-bpsS hnti-j-
i‡-nbpw A\y°v A\y-bpsS
hnti-j-i-‡nbpw
h∂nßv Aa-cp-h-Xp-≠v ˛ HØptN¿∂p \n¬°m-dp-≠v.
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-epw ˛ hnti-ji - ‡
- n-Iƒ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-
ßm-Ø-h-bm-sW-¶nepw
BsI c≠n-h-‰n≥ ˛ BsI-IqSn t\m-°n-bm¬ Cu
c≠p ]ncn-hp-Ifp-tSbpw
{`-a-I-e-bm¬ ˛ {ZpX-N-e\w Imc-W-amWv
AJn-ew ˛ kIe temIhpw
{]ta-b-am-Ipw ˛ Adn-hn\p hnj-bo-`-hn°p∂-Xv.
 Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®p kmam-\y-ambpw hnti-j-ambpw \ap-°-
dn-bm≥ Ign-bpw. kmam-\y-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Hcp GI-tZ-i-[m-c-Wtb In´p-
I-bp-≈q. hnti-j-⁄m-\-Øn¬ hkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n® IrXy-amb
Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂p. Hcmƒ \tΩmSv sNSn I≠n-´pt≠m F∂p tNmZn-
°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ \mw DS-s\-Xs∂ Hcp adp-tNmZyw Atßm´p tNmZn-
°pw: ‘GXp sNSn?’ sNSn Hcp kmam-\y-⁄m-\a - m-Wv. B kmam-\y-
Øn¬ At\Iw hnti-j\ - m-aß
- ƒ D≈-Sß - n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. At∏mƒ
‘kqcy-Im-¥n-s®Sn I≠n-´pt≠m?’ F∂p {]tXy-In-s®-SpØp tNmZn®m¬
Abmƒ°v a\- n-em-Ipw. IrXy-amb Adnhv Abmƒ°v e`n-°p-∂p. CXp-
t]mse Hcp Ip™p hf¿∂p-hc - p-tºmƒ temIsØ kw_-‘n® hnti-
jm-\p`hßsf kzmb-Ø-am-°p-hm≥th≠n-bmWv A—-t\mSpw AΩ-
tbmSpw tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°p-∂X - v.
ka F∂ Adn-hnepw A\y F∂ Adn-hnepw Cßs\ kmam\yw
F∂pw hntijw F∂pw D≈ c≠p ]ncn-hp-Isf∏‰n Ign™ ]Zy-
Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®p-ht√m? Cu hnti-j-i-‡n-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw kmam-
\y-tØmSptN¿∂v h¿Øn-°m-dp-≠v. FÆn-bm-semSp-ßmØ Xc-Øn-
ep-≈ hnti-jß -- -fmWv Hmtcm hkvXp-⁄m-\Ønepw Ccn-°p-∂-Xv.
Hcp ]qhn-s\-X-s∂ FSpØp ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Hcm-bncw
tNmZy-߃ B ]qhns\ kw_-‘n®p \ap-°-dn-bm≥ B{K-l-ap-≠m-
Ipw. B ]qhns‚ \ndw, aWw, BIr-Xn, PmXn F{X-Imew B ]qhv
Pohn-°pw? AsX-ß-s\-bmWv ]cm-KWw \S-Øp-∂-Xv? Cßs\ XpS-
ßp∂ tNmZy-߃ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßm-Ø-Xm-Wv. kmam-\y-Øn\pw
hnti-j-Øn\pw CS-bn¬ Adnhv Gdn-am-dn-Øn-cn-bp-∂p-≠v. \mw AX-
dn-bm-dn-s√∂p am{Xw. Hcp h≠v Nnd-I-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ {ZpX-K-Xn-
bn-emWv Adn-hns‚ Cu {]{Inb \S-°p-∂-Xv. Adn-hn¬ \S-°p∂
Cu `m\-hrØn apJm-¥c-amWv temI-Øn-ep-≈sX√mw \ap°v {Kmly-
am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. ASpØ c≠p t«mI-Øn¬ C°mcyw DZm-l-c-W-
k-lnXw Kpcp hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

41
‘CXp IpS-’sa-∂-Xn-em-Zy- am-‘an-sX’-∂p˛
≈Xp hnjam ‘IpS’tam hnti-j-am-Ipw
aXn apX-emb atl-{µ-Pm-e-ap-≠m˛
hXn-\n-Xp-Xm≥ Icp-sh∂p I≠n-tS-Ww.

CXp IpSw F∂-Xn¬ ˛ CXp IpSamIp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ

BZy-amw ˛ BZyw ]d™
CXv F∂p-≈-Xv ˛ CXv F∂Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv
hnj-am ˛ kmam-\y-amb A\y-sb-bmWv.
IpS-tam ˛ IpSw F∂ hm°p- s Im≠v A¿∞
am-°p-∂Xv
hnti-j-am-Ipw ˛ A\y-bpsS hnti-j-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈
Adn-hm-Wv.
aXn apX-em-b ˛ A¥°-c-W-hr-Øn-I-fpsS
atl-{µ-Pm-ew ˛ C{µ-Pmew t]msebp-≈ {]Xo-Xn-Iƒ
D≠m-h-Xn-\v ˛ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v
CXp Xm≥ ˛ CXv F∂ A\y-bpsS kmam-\y-
i‡n-bmWv
Icp-sh-∂v ˛ Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p
I≠n-tS-Ww ˛ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≈-Ww.

CXp-hsc ]d™ A\y-bpsS kmam-\yw, hntijw F∂ Xc-

Øn-ep-≈ {]h¿Ø-\sØ \Ω-fpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Ønse Hcp DZm-l-c-
W-Øn-eqsS Kpcp hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cn-I-bm-Wv. CXp IpSw, CXp ]Sw
Fs∂ms° \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠-t√m. Cu hmIysØ \mw icn-bmbn A]-
{K-Yn®p t\m°n-bn-´pt≠m? Hcmƒ \nß-tfmSv ‘ CXv ’F∂ hm°p
]d™p \ndpØp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ΩpsS D≈n¬ Hcp BImw£ ap‰n-
\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. AXp tNmZy-ambn ]pd-Øp-h-cpw. \mw
tNmZn°pw ‘ CXv F¥mWv?’ F∂v. CXv F∂ kmam-\y-⁄m-\-Øn¬
FÆ-a‰ hnti-j-⁄m-\߃ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
CXp IpS-am-Imw. CXp aT-am-Imw, CXp ]S-am-Imw, CXp ]p√m-
Imw, CXp ae-bmImw...... Cßs\ CXv F∂ kmam-\y-Øn¬\n∂v FÆ-
a‰ hnti-j-⁄m-\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p. CXv F∂ kmam-\y-t_m[w Cu
temI-Ønse kI-e-hn[ \ma-cq-]-ß-tfbpw K¿`w [cn-®ph®ncn-°p-
∂p-≠v. At∏mƒ CXv F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv k¿∆-Øn\pw P∑w sImSp-
°p∂ P\-\n-bm-Wv. a\- v, _p≤n, NnØw, Al-¶mcw Cu A¥-°-c-
W-hr-Øn-Iƒ s°√mw Icp-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw CXm-Wv. C°mcyw hfsc
kq£va-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\- n-em-t°≠ H∂m-Wv.

42
‘CZ-a-dn’-sh-∂-Xn-em-Zy-am-‘an-sX’-∂p˛
≈Xp ka, Xs‚ hnti-j-amWp t_m[w
 aXn apX-em-b-h-sbms° amdn ta¬ kZv˛
KXn hcp-hm-\n-Xn-s\-`-Pn-®n-tSWw
CZw Adnhv F∂-Xn¬ ˛ CXv Adn-hmWv F∂ hmIy-Øn¬
BZy-amw ˛ CZw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv
ka ˛ ka-bpsS kmam-\y-i‡- n-sbbmWv
Xs‚ ˛ kmam-\y-i-‡n-bmb ka-bpsS
hnti-j-amWv ˛ hnti-j-⁄m-\-amWv
t_m[w ˛ Adnhv F∂p-f-f-Xv.
aXn-ap-X-em-b-h-sbms° ˛ A¥°c-WhrØn-I-sfms°
amdn ˛ C√m-Xmbn
ta¬ ˛ F√m-‰n\pw D]-cnbp≈
kZvKXn hcp-hm≥ ˛ kXy-\njvT hcp-hm≥
CXns\ ˛ ka-bpsS kmam-\y-amb Adn-hns\
`Pn-®n-tS-Ww ˛ CS-hn-SmsX [ym\n°-Ww.

Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ka F∂ Adn-hns‚ i‡nsb DZm-lc- W - k - -

lnXw hni-Zo-Ic - m-W.v ‘CXv Adnhv’ F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ CXv F∂
- n-°p-Ib
kmam-\yhpw Adnhv F∂ hnti-jhpw {]ISo-`h - n-®n-´p-≠.v Ign™ DZm-
l-cW- s- Ø-t∏mse s]s´∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp DZm-lc - W
- -
a√ CXv. ImcWw [ym\m-flI - a
- mb a\- p-sIm≠p am{Xta Cu hmIy-
Øns‚ A¿∞sØ AXns‚ kv]jvSa - mb A¿∞-Øn¬ {Kln-°p-hm≥
Ign-bp-Ib- p-≈q.
H∂mbn Adn-bp-∂-XmWv ka. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ ChnsS ]d-
bp∂ Adnhv Ht∂-bp-≈q. Rms\mcp hkvXp-hns\ ImWp∂p, Hcp
i_vZsØ tIƒ°p∂p, Hcp {]tXyI aWsØ {Lm-Wn-°p-∂p, ckw
cpNn-°p-∂p, kv]¿iw kv]¿in-°p∂p, Ch-sbms° Adn-hp-I-fm-Wv.
Rm≥ Hcp tdm-km-]qhns\ ImWp∂p F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ Rm≥ ImWp-
∂-h≥, ImWs∏Sp∂ hkvXp-hmb tdmkm-]pjv]w, Fs∂bpw tdmkm-
]p-jv]-tØbpw tN¿°p∂ ImW¬- F∂ {]{Inb ˛ C{Xbpw Imcy-
ßsf hyh-t—-Zn®dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bW - w. At∏mƒ ImW¬, tIƒ°¬,
kv]¿in-°¬, cpNn°¬, Nn¥n-°¬ CsX√mw Adn-hm-Wv.
CXnse Adn-hns\ am{Xw \Ωƒ GI-ambn Adn-bW - w. Htc-sbmcp
Adn-hmWv ImgvN-bmbpw kv]¿i-ambpw Hs° hcp-∂-Xv. Adn-hns‚
sFIysØ hnti-jn-∏n-s®-SpØv a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
_p≤n-bn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {`am-fl-IX ]mtS t]mbvt]m-
Ipw. kØm-bn-cn-°p∂ Adn-hn¬ \njvT ssIh-cpw. AXp-sIm≠v
Ft∏mgpw F¥-dn-bp-tºmgpw CX-dnhv...CX-dn-hv...CX-dnhv... F∂v `Pn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. F√mw Adnhp am{Xw. Adn-hn¬ \n∂-\y-ambn
H∂p-an-√. At∏mƒ \ap°pw kZvKXn hcpw.
 43
{]IrXn ]nSn®p Npg-‰nSpw {]Imcw
kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepatlm! Npg-∂n-Sp-∂p!
hnIrXn hnSp-∂-Xn-\mbn the sNbvho˛
eIrXn ^em-{K-l-a-‰-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
{]IrXn ˛ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
]nSn-®pNpg-‰nSpw {]Imcw ˛ i‡-amb Npgn-bn¬s]´p Itc-dm-
\m-ImsX
kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepw ˛ Nne k∑m¿§-k© - m-cn-Iƒt]mepw
Atlm! Npg-∂n-Sp-∂p! ˛ \neIn´msX \´wXncn-bp∂p.
B›-cyw-Xs∂!
hnIrXn hnSp-∂-Xn-\mbv ˛ I¿Ω-_‘w hn´p-In-´p-∂-Xn-\mbn
the sNbvhoe AIrXn˛ \njv{In-b-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xtam-
Kp-Wh
- ¿≤n-\n-bmb AIr-Xn-bm-Wv.
^em-{K-l-a‰v ˛ hnln-X-I¿Ω-߃ ^te-—-Iq-
SmsX sNøpIbpw
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ km£n-cq-]-Øn¬ h¿Øn-
°pIbpw thWw.

{]Ir-Xnsb \Ωƒ kwkm-c-`m-j-bn¬ ]d-bm-dp-≈ A¿∞-Øn-

e√ ChnsS a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. {]m]-©n-I-k-Ø-bn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m
{Inb-I-fp-tSbpw Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-bm-Wv. AsXmcp \nb-
a-amWv. B \nb-asØ ewLn-°p-hm≥ Ignbp-I-bn-√. ewLn-®m¬ Cc-
´n-i-‡n-tbmsS AXp Xncn-®-Sn-°pw. Cu {]IrXn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw
hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¶nepw F√m-‰n-t\bpw Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-
cp∂ A\p-c-W-\m-fl-IX {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ BIth \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
AXns\ [¿Ωw F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂X - v. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Xs∂-bp-≈ c≠p-
X-cw ]nSn-h-en-I-fp-≠v. H∂v NnX-dn-sØ-dn-®p-t]m-Ip∂ i‡n. B i-
‡n-bp-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏´v a\p-jy-\-S-°-ap-ff F√m Pohn-Ifpw he-
bp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ [¿Ω-Øns‚ am¿§-Øn-eqsS [¿Ωn-
sb Adn-™psIm-≠p≈ GIm-fl-I-amb Hcp bm\-ap-≠v. AXp Pohn-
XsØ DZm-Øo-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- m-Wv. B hgn-bn- eqsS k©cn-°p-tºmgpw
ho≠pw \sΩ On{Z-i-‡n-Iƒ Bt«-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. AXns\
hnIrXn F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - v. hnIr-Xn-bpsS ]nSn-bn¬s]-´m¬ AXn¬\n-
∂pw Ducn-t∏m-cm≥ \njv{In-bX - ztam Ae-kX - tbm Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ib
- √
th≠-Xv.
Nne¿°v Fs¥-¶nepw ZpxJ-ap-≠m-hp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ ivaim-
\-ssh-cm-Kn-Is - f-t∏mse H∂pw sNømsX Hcn-SØp NS-™p-IqSn Ccn-
°p-∂Xp ImWmw. Ah-cpsS ZpxJw \njv{In-bXzw ]men-®X - p-sIm≠v
Xocp-∂n-√. imco-cn-Ia - m-bp-≈ \njv{In-bXzw Ds≠-¶nepw am\-kn-Ia - mbn
Ah¿°v hnIr-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw hn´p-t]m-cm≥ Ignbmdn-√. H∂pw sNøm-
Xn-cn°p-∂Xv AIr-Xn-bm-Wv. hfsc ^e-hØ - mb Hcp am¿§w Kpcp D]-
tZ-in-®p-Xc - p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bnse \nb-aß - ƒ F√m Pohn-Ifpw A\p-k-
‘m\w sNø-Ww. AXn¬\n-∂pw Hgn™p-am-dm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Zmln-
°p-∂-h≥ sh≈w IpSn-°-Ww. hni-°p-∂-h≥ A∂w Ign-°-Ww.
CsX√mw Bh-iy-ßf - mWv. Pohn-°p∂ Pohn-Iƒs°√mw Cu Bh-iy-
߃ \nd-th-dp-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-th≠n I¿Ωw sNø-Ww. I¿Ω-
߃ Rm≥ sNøp∂p F∂ `mhw ]mSn-√. I¿Ω-ßs - f√mw {]Ir-Xn-bp-
tS-Xm-W.v Rm\mWv I¿Ωw sNøp-∂s - X∂p `mhn-°p-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬ I¿Ω-
ß-fpsS ^e-Øn¬ F\n°v BImw-£bpw kwKhpw D≠m-Ipw. AXp
_‘-\a - m-W.v AXp-sIm-≠mWv kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepw _‘-\Ø - n\v ASn-
s∏-Sp-∂X - v.
\√ I¿Ω-߃ sNøp-∂h - c
- mWv kpIr-Xn-Iƒ. hoSn-√mØ Hcmƒ°v
hoSp-≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂Xv Hcp \∑-bm-Wv. ]t£ ‘Rm≥ hoSp-≠m°n
sImSp-Øp’ F∂ Nn¥ \sΩ Al-¶m-c-cq-]-Øn¬ _‘n-°pw. AXp-
sIm≠v {]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw tamNn-Xcm-Im≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ \√
I¿Ω-ß-fpsS I¿Xr-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw NoØ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS I¿Xr-Xz-
Øn¬\n∂pw tamNn-X-cm-I-Ww. F∂n´p ^te-—-bn-√msX I¿Ωw sNø-
Ww. At∏mƒ I¿Ωw sNøpI F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS I¿Ωw AXns‚ hgn°p \S-°p-∂p. \mw AXn-s\√mw
km£n-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXmWp Pohn-X-Øn\p ap‡n
\¬Ip-∂ -H-tc-sbmcp {]{In-b.

44
]e-a-X-km-c-hp-ta-I-sa∂p ]mcm˛
Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e-‘-sc-∂-t]mse
]e-hn-[-bp‡n ]d™p ]ma-c-∑m˛
ce-hXp I≠-e-bm-X-a¿∂n-tS-Ww.

]e-a-X-km-chpw ˛ ]eXmb- hyh-ÿm-]nXa-X-ß-fp-

sSsb√mw kmcw
GIw ˛ H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv.
F∂v ]mcmsX ˛ CXp a\- n-em-°msX
De-In¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
Hcm-\-bn¬ ˛ Hcp B\sb∏‰n
A‘-sc-∂-t]mse ˛ A‘-∑m¿ X¿°n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse-
]e-hn-[-bp‡n ]d™v ˛ ]e-am-Xn-cn-bp-ff hmZ-߃ D∂-bn®v
]ma-c-∑m¿ ˛ Adn-hn-√mØ P\w
Ae-hXp I≠v ˛ e£y-t_m-[-an-√msX Np‰n-Øn-cn-
bp-∂-Xp-I-≠v
Ae-bmsX ˛ \mw Ah-sc-t∏mse Ae-bmsX
Aa¿∂n-tSWw ˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øns‚ A`n-{]m-b-`n-
∂-X-bn-√mØ hy‡-X-bn¬ \ne-
sIm-≠n- tS-Ww.
F{X-sb{X aX-ß-fmWv Cu `qap-J-Øp-≈-Xv. t]sc-SpØp ]d-
bm-hp∂ {]kn-≤-amb aX-hn-`m-K-߃ {InkvXp-a-Xw, C…mw-a-Xw, lnµp-
a-Xw, PqX-aX
- w, _p≤-aX- w, ssP\-aX
- w, kn°p-aX
- w, jnt‚m-aX- w, Xmthm-
a-Xw, I¨^yq-jnb≥ aXw, ]m¿kn-aXw Ch-sb-√m-am-Wv. Ch IqSm-
sX-Xs∂ [mcmfw Ahm-¥-c-a-X-hn`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. Cu aX-ß-sfms°
F¥n-\p-th-≠n-bmWv ChnsS kwÿm-]n-X-am-bn-´p-f-f-Xv? F√m aX-
ßfpw apt∂m´p hbv°p∂ e£yw H∂pXs∂-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c≥ Ht∂-
bp-≈q As√-¶n¬ kXyw Ht∂-b≈q F∂v F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-∂p.
AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ aX-Øns‚ N´°qSp-Iƒ°pw A\p-jvTm-\ß - ƒ°pw
BNm-c-߃°pw {]Xy£-Øn-ep-ff hyXym-k-߃ I≠p-t]m-cp-∂p-
ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v kmam-\y-P\w A¶-em-∏n-em-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp
Xo¿°m-\mWv Kpcp ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv, ]e-a-X-km-chpw GIw F∂v.
F√m aX- ß - f ptSbpw kmcw H∂msW- ∂ v.
GsXmcp e£y-Øn-te-°mtWm aXw Du∂p-∂X - v, B e£yw H∂p-
X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXmWv aX-Øns‚ kmcw. F√m \Zn-Ifpw IS-en¬X-
s∂-bmWv sN∂ptNcp-∂-Xv. GXp hgn-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-®mepw Ah-
km\w Cuiz-c-\n¬Xs∂ \Ωƒ ebn-°pw. ]t£, a\p-jy¿ CX-dn-
bm-dn-√. B\sb ImWm≥t]mb Ipcp-S-∑m-sc-t∏m-se-bmWv Chn-sS-bp-
≈ Bfp-Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ Nqep-
t]m-se-bm-sW-∂v. thsdmcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ ]\-¥-Sn-t]mse-
bm-sW-∂v. C\n-sbmcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ apdw-t]m-se-bm-sW-
∂v. Ipcp-S\v B\sb ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√-t√m? Ah¿ B\-bpsS Hmtcm
Ah-b-h-sØ-bmWv ]nSn-®p-t\m-°nb-Xv. Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂ \nK-a-\-
sØ-bmWv Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ B\-sb∂ Pohnsb apgp-h-
\mbpw Ah¿°p ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Hmtcmtcm bp‡n-
Iƒ ]d™v Ah¿ X¿°n-°p-∂p.
 aX-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Cu amXncn X¿°-߃ \S-°p-∂Xv
\Ωƒ tI´p-t]m-cm-dp-≈-Xm-Wv. Bbncw h¿j-an-cp∂p X¿°n-®mepw
Hcp ]cn-lm-chpw Cu Xm¿°n-I-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-hm-≥ t]mIp-
∂n-√. \mw AXp-sIm≠v X¿°-sa√mw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v aX-Øns‚ kmcw
A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ A\p-`-hn-®-dn-b-Ww. At∏mƒ AXp im¥n-bm-Wv....
AXv kam-[m-\a - m-Wv... AXp ]q¿Æ-Xb
- m-Wv...-AXv kvt\l-am-Wv... AXv
B\-µ-am-Wv.... AXv kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv... AXp kmtlm-Z-cy-am-Wv....

45
Hcp aX-a-\y\p \nµy-sam-∂n-temXpw
Icp-h-]-cs‚ IW-°n-\q-\-amIpw
[c-bn-enXns‚ cl-ky-sam-∂p-Xm-s\˛
∂dn-h-fhpw {`a-sa-∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.

Hcp aXw A\y\p\nµyw ˛ Hcp aX-hn-izm-kn°v thsdmcp aX

hnizm-ksØ \nµy-ambn tXm∂p-∂p.
H∂n-temXpw Icp ˛ Hcp aX-Øn¬ ]dbp∂ kXyw
A]-cs‚ IW-°n\v ˛ as‰mcp aX-hn-izm-kn-bpsS ho£-
W-Øn¬
Du\-amIpw ˛ hnI-e-am-Wv.
[c-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ aX-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw kmc-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ clkyw
H∂p-Xm≥ ˛ H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
F∂ Adn-h-fhpw ˛ C°mcyw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-hsc,
{`aw ˛ kzaX-hn-izmkhpw CX-c-a-X-\n-µbpw
shdpw NnØ-{`aw am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw.
F∂v Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ CXn-¬ t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

F√m aX-ßf- p-tSbpw kmcw GI-am-sW-∂mWv Kpcp apt∂m-´p-h-

bv°p∂ aX-Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ A¥- m-cw. CXp ]d-bp-tºmgpw ChnsS \ne-
hn-en-cn-°p∂ aX-hy-hl- m-cß- sf Kpcp IW-°n-se-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-√.
Hcp aX-hn-izm-kn°v thsdmcp aX-hn-izm-knsb ]p—-am-Wv. Xs‚ hnizm-
k-amWv icn, A]-cs‚ hnizmkw sX‰mWv Fs∂mcp [mc-Wb - mWv
F√m aX-Ie - l
- ß
- ƒ°pw bp≤-߃°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- .v thsdm-
cp-hs‚ aX-hnizm-kØ - n¬ Ak-ln-jvWpX ]pe¿Øp∂ at\m-`mhw
Bim-ky-a-√. {InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXm-hn-s\-bmWv
k¿th-iz-c\ - mbn ImWp-∂X - v. C…mw-aX
- Ø
- n¬ A√m-lp-hn-t\bpw PqX-
a-XØ- n¬ btlm-ht- bbpw ]c-tam∂-X\ - mb \mY-\mbn {]Io¿Øn-°p-
∂p. `mc-XØ - n¬ inh-t\bpw hnjvWp-hn-t\bpw tZhn-tbbpw ]qPn-°p-
∂ aX-hn-izmkßfp≠v. Ch¿°v ]c-k] v cw tN¿∂p Pohn-°m≥ Ft¥m
Hcp {]bm-kw-t]m-se-bmWv. C…mw-aX
- °
- m-c≥ akvPn-Zn¬t]mbn \nkvI-
cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXym\n ]≈n-bn¬ t]mbn Ip¿_m\ ssIs°m≈p-∂p.
lnµp t£{X-Øn¬ t]mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw ]qP-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Cu _mly-amb Pohn-X-{I-asØ aXambn sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-t]m-cp∂
Hcp P\X hfsc Ak-ln-jvWp-Xm-]q¿∆w CX-c-a-X-ÿs‚ Pohn-X-
{I-a-ß-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv.
Cu t«mI-Øn¬ a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚ B kz`m-hsØ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-
°p-I-bmWv Kpcp sNøp-∂-Xv. aX-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw kmcw H∂-msW∂
clkyw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-hsc a\p-jy≥ Im´n-°q-´p∂ Cu tIm{]m-b-ß-
sf√mw shdpw {`m¥m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. aX-c-lkyw
Adn-bp∂ Hcmƒ Hcp {kjvSm-hns‚ F√m krjvSn-I-tfbpw ka-`m-h-
\-tbmsS ImWpw. kvt\l-tØm-tSbpw lrZ-bm-\p-`mh-tØm-tSbpw
s]cp-am-dpw.

46
s]mcpXp Pbn-∏-X-km-≤y-sam-∂n-t\m-sSm˛
s∂mcp aXhpw s]mcp-Xm-sem-Sp-ßp-hoe
]c-a-Xh-- mZn-bn-tXm¿Øn-SmsX ]mtg
s]mcp-Xp- s]m-en-™n-Sp-sa∂ _p≤n-th-Ww.

s]mcpXp Pbn-∏Xv ˛ bp≤-Øn-eqsS A\y-a-XsØ

tXmev]n-°m-sa-∂p-≈Xv
Akm≤yw ˛ Akm-[y-am-Wv.
H∂n-t\m-sSm-∂v ˛ Atßm´pw Ctßm´pw
s]mcp-Xm¬ ˛ s]mcp-Xn-sIm≠v
Hcp aXhpw ˛ Hcp aX-tØbpw
HSp-ßp-ho-e ˛ D∑q-e\w sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn√.
]c-a-X-hmZn ˛ Xs‚ aX-a-√mØ aX-ß-tfm-
sSms° hntZz-j-ap-≈-h≥
CXv Hm¿Øn-SmsX]mtg ˛ CXp a\- n-em-°msX shdptX
s]mcpXp s]men-™nSpw ˛ s]mcpXn Xpe-™p-t]mIpw
F∂ _p≤n thWw ˛ F∂ shfn-hp-≠m-I-Ww.
 aXw Pohn-X-Øn¬ kam-[m-\hpw kvt\lhpw shfn-®hpw
]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-t°≠ H∂m-Wv. GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚ hN-\-ß-fmWv
aX-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. B hN\w ssZh-Øns‚ GI-XzsØ Dd-∏n-°p-∂Xpw
temI-Po-hnXw ssZth-—m-{]-Imcw \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Bbn-cn-°pw. Cuiz-cs‚ C— ka-kvX-Po-h-
Pm-e-ßfneq-tSbpw \nd-th-d-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w kzm`m-
hn-I-ambn h∂-W-bpw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZth-—sb \nd-th-dm≥
kΩ-Xn-°m-dn-√. Ah≥ Ah-t‚-Xm-bn-´p-≈ kzm¿∞-amb e£y-ßfpw
ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw sa\-s™-SpØv AXn-eqsS Ahs‚ Hcp km¶ev]n-
I-temIw krjvSn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv \ne-\n¬°p∂
bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-a-X-ß-fnepw ]nSn-hm-in-Ifpw imTy-ßfpw Ib-dn-°q-Sm≥
CS-bm-b-Xv. am{X-a-√, aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\-
\p-k-cn®v aX-Øns‚ i‡n h¿≤n-°p-sa-∂p-≈ sX‰mb Hcp [mcW
kaq-l-a-\- n-ep-≠v. Aß-s\-bmWv aX-߃ kwLSn-X-am-Im≥ XpS-
ßn-b-Xv.
kwL-Sn-X-aXw `qan-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw A[o-i-Xz-Øn\pw
th≠n CX-c-a-X-ÿsc ]mtS D∑q-e\w sNøm≥ {ian-®n-´p-≈Xpw
{ian- ° p- ∂ - X p- a mb Ncn{Xw \ap°p ]cn- N n- X - a m- W v . bqtdm- ∏ n¬
D≠mb Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-ßfpw Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ ssihcpw sshjvW-
hcpw XΩn-ep≈ t]mcm-´-ßfpw aX-Øns‚ A{I-tam-’p-I-a-t\m-`m-
hsØ shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CX-c-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Isf sIm√p-∂-Xn-
eqsS Xß-fpsS aX-Øn\p Pbn°mw F∂p-≈-Xn¬ aX-Øns‚
XØz-Øn\v \nc-°mØ Hcp sshcp-≤y≠v.
ssZhw kvt\l-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw, B kvt\lsØ \ntj-
[n-°p∂ bp≤-ß-fn¬ aXw G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv aqey-h-Ømb
PohnXw \bn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v kwL-Sn-X-a-X-ß-tfmSp-
Xs∂ ]p—w tXm∂p-hm≥ CS-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bYm¿∞-aXw
kwL-Sn-Xtam hyh-ÿm-]n-Xtam A√. AXv a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw
XΩn-ep-ff {]W-bm-\zn-X-amb Pohn-X-am-Wv. AhnsS A\p-`-h-km-{µ-na-
bpsS Hcp sFIyap≠v. B sFIyw ]c-am-ÀmZ-I-c-am-Wv. CsXm∂pw
Adn-bmsX ]c-kv]cw a√-Sn®p Nmhp∂ sXcp-hp-\m-bv°sf-t∏mse aXm-
\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aX-h-‡m-°fpw Cu temI-Øn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂Xv Gsd
IjvS-amWv! Aev]w Dƒsh-fn-®-ap≈-h¿ Cß-s\-bp-≈ t]mc-Sn-°p∂ aX-
KXo-b-Xsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I-bn-√.
 47
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn-∂p-c-∏-sX-√m˛
hcp-anXp hmZn-I-fm-cp-tam¿°p-hoe
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn™ ]WvUn-X-∑m˛
cdn-bp-an-Xns‚ cl-ky-an-ß-ti-jw.

Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn∂v ˛ ChnsS Hcp aXw am{Xta th≠q.

F√m-hcpw ˛ F√m aX-ß-fnse Bfp-Ifpw
Dc-∏-Xv CXv ˛ CXmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv
CXv ˛ B aXw Xß-fpsS aX-am-bn-cn-
°Ww F∂p-ff hmZw
hmZn-I-fmcpw ˛ aX-hm-Zn-I-fm-cpw-Xs∂
Hm¿°p-hoe ˛ Hm¿°p-∂-tX-bn-√.
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn-™ ˛ a‰p aX-߃s°-Xnsc hmZ-hn-hm-Z-
ß-sfm∂pw C√mØ
]WvUn-X-∑m¿ ˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ aX-hm-Z-ß-fpsS ]n∂nse A¥ m-c
- hn-lo-\-X-bpsS anYymXzw
Cßv Ati-jw ˛ ChnsS ]q¿Æ-ambn
Adnbpw ˛ Adn-bp-∂p.

‘ temI-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp aXw D≠m-I-Ww. At∏mƒ Ie-l-ß-

sf√mw Xocpw.’ CXp ]d-bp-∂-hsc kq£n-°-Ww. Ah-cpsS a\- n-en-
cn∏v XßfpsS aX-am-bn-cn-°Ww B aXw F∂m-Wv. Hcp lnµp-hns‚
B{Klw, Xs‚ aX-amWv temI-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬-t°-≠Xv F∂m-Wv.
F∂m¬ Hcp {InkvXym-\ntbm apk¬amt\m Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-
cpsS aX-Øn-\mWv B alna Nm¿Øn-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v
aX-ku-lm¿±-ßfpw a‰pw, Bfp-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-
sems° Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ Iptd \nc¿∞-I-X-I-fp-≠v. kulm¿Zw ]d-
bp-∂h- c - mcpwXs∂ Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hm-in-bpsS Dd® NphSv am‰nhbv°m≥
Xøm-d-√. Ah-c-h-cpsS aXw Ah-c-h¿°v {]nb-s∏-´Xv Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-
°p∂p. ]t£, temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿ ]ckv]cw _‘-s∏´p
Pohn-t°≠nhcp-tºmƒ aX-Po-hn-X-Ønse sshIm-cn-I-X-I-fp-ambn
Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm Dc-k-ep-Iƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. sNdn-sbmcp
Xos∏mcn Bbn-cn°pw BZyw {]I-Sa - m-hp-I. ]ns∂, AXv Bfn-∏n-Sn-°pw.
`oI-ca- mb \c-ta[-ßf- n-te°phsc aX-kw-L¿j-߃ FØn-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
\mw Znh-tk\ I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ \·-kX - y-ßf
- m-Wv. ssZhw GI-
am-sW∂pw Cu {]]-©Ø - n-ep-ff F√mw ssZh-kr-jvSn-If - m-sW∂pw
A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ A\p-`h - n-®d
- n-bp∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ aX-hn-tZz-ja - n-√msX
am\-hc- m-in-bpsS apgp-h≥ sFIy-tØbpw {]_-es - ∏-Sp-Øp∂ I¿Ω-ß-
fn-eqsS aX-Po-hn-XsØ Bhn-jI v c
- n-°m-dp-≠.v Ah-sc-bmWv Kpcp ]WvUn-
X-∑m¿ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Ah¿ ssZhsØ icn-bmbnAdn-
bp-Ibpw AXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

48
X\p-hn-e-a¿∂ icocn, Xs‚ kØm˛
X\p-hn-e-sX-s‚-Xn-sX-s‚-sX∂p k¿∆w
X\p-X-sbm-gn™p [cn-®n-Sp∂p km£m˛
e\p-`-h-im-en-I-fm-an-tXm¿°n-emcpw.

X\p-hn¬ Aa¿∂ ˛ imco-cn-I-amb kzXz-hp-ambn XmZm-

flys∏´p Ign-™n-cp∂
icocn ˛ Poh≥
Xs‚ ˛ Xs‚
kØm-X-\p-hn¬ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬
AsX-t‚Xv ˛ AXpw Ft‚-XmWv
CXv Ft‚Xv ˛ CXpw Ft‚-XmWv
F∂v ˛ F∂nßs\
k¿∆w ˛ F√m-‰n-t\bpw
X\p-X-sbm-gn™v ˛ aa-X-bn-√msX
[cn-®n-Sp∂p ˛ Adn-™n-Sp∂p.
CtXm¿°n¬ ˛ C°mcyw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬
Bcpw ˛ Bcpw
km£m¬ ˛ km£m¬
A\p-`-h-im-en-Ifmw ˛ A\p-`-h-im-en-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

‘Rm≥ ico-c-amWv’ F∂ _p≤n-bmWv \sΩ F√mw _‘n-∏n-

°p∂ Alw-_p-≤n. A⁄m\w \nan-Ø-amWv \Ωn¬ Bfl-t_m[w
{]Im-in-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-c-Øns‚ ]cn-an-X-amb AkvXn-X-bn¬
Rm≥ Fs∂ a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Rm\-√mØ \nc-h[n ico-c-߃
Chn- s S- b p- ≠ v . Ah- s bm∂pw Rm\- √ . F∂m¬ Cu A⁄m- \ -
Øn¬\n∂pw \ap°p ]pd-Øp-I-S-°p-hm≥ Cu hniz-Øn-ep-ff kIe
Ncm-N-c-ß-tfbpw Xs‚ D◊-bn¬ tN¿Ø-dn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ
Bfl⁄m\ nXs∂-bm-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ X∂n¬\n∂pw
A\y-ambn Abmƒ Adn-bp-∂n-√.
 BIm-iØnepw A¥-cn-£Ønepw `qanbnepsa√mw Rm\p-≠v.
Fs¥m- s °- b pt≠m AsX√mw Ft‚- X m- W v . Ft‚Xp am{X- a √
AsX√mw Rm≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cßs\ Hc-dn-hp-≠m-I-W-sa-¶n¬
F∂nse aa-Xm-t_m[w Hgn-™p-t]m-I-Ww. X\pX Hgn-b-Ww. Bflm-
\p-`-hn-I-fm-Im≥ C{X-bpw sNbvXm¬ aXn. F√m-‰n-t\bpw lrZ-b-Øn¬
]p¬Ip-I. At∏mƒ hnizw apgp-h\pw \sΩ Bt«-jn-°pw. Bcpw
km£m¬ A\p-`-h-im-en-IƒX-s∂. Hcn-°¬ Hcp ssl°q Ihn {]`m-
X-k-hm-cn-°n-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ a™p s]øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ihn-bpsS apf-
s¥m∏nbn¬ a™phoWv I\w h®p. At∏mƒ Ihn sXm∏n Ducn
Iøn¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp Ip™p-I-hnX sNm√n.
When I think of it
As my snow, how light it is
On my bamboo hat.
Fs‚ apfwsXm∏n-bnse lna-h¿jsØ Fs‚ a™p-]m-fnIƒ
F∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ CXn-s\mcp `mc-hp-an-√t√m! CXmWv X\pX Hgn™p
[cn-®n-Sp∂ hgn. F√mw Ft‚-sX∂p Icp-Xp-I. t`Z-_p≤n C√msX
F√m-‰nepw kz¥w D◊ Z¿in-°p-I.

49
AJn-e-cp-am-fl-kp-J-Øn-\mbv {]b-Xv\w-
k-I-e-hp-anßp kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp-∂p-
P-K-Xn-bn-en-Ω-X-ta-I-sa∂p Nn¥n˛
®L-a-W-bm-X-I-Xm-c-a¿Øn-tS-Ww.
AJn-ecpw ˛ F√m-hcpw
Bfl-kp-J-Øn-\mbv ˛ Bfl-kp-J-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈
{]bXv\w ˛ {]bXv\w
kI-ehpw Cßp˛ F√m-hn-[-Ønepw ChnsS
kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp∂p ˛ Ft∏mgpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
PK-Xn-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
CΩXw ˛ Cu aXw
GIw ˛ H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv
F∂p Nn¥n®v ˛ Cu Nn¥sb Du´n-bp-d-∏n®v
AL-a-W-bmsX ˛ Zqjy-Nn-¥-I-fn¬ AI-s∏-SmsX
AI-Xm¿ ˛ A¥-cw-KsØ
Aa¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Bflm-hn-e-a¿Øn hbv°Ww.
 F√m-hcpw I¿Ωw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv kpJ-Øn-\p-th-≠n-
bm-Wv. kpJw thW-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp X¿°hpw C√Xs∂! lnµp-
hm-bmepw {InkvXym-\n-bm-bmepw apk¬am-\m-bmepw kpJw thWw.
sImSnb ]oU-\-ßfpw bmX-\-Ifpw A\p-`-hn®v Hcp-h\pw Hcp aX-
Ønepw \n¬°p-I-bn-√. Ah≥ kpJ-ap-ff aX-Øn-te°p t]mIpw.
tZim-S\- ]- £- n-Iƒ Imem-hÿ - m-t`Zw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ hnZq-cß
- f - n-te°p
]d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se.... -F-¥n-\m-Wh ]d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv? kpJw
thWw. a\p-jy≥ X¿°-an-√msX H∂n-°p∂ Hcp kXy-am-WnXv. AXp-
sIm≠v \mcm-bW - K- pcp ]pXnb aXsØ ÿm]n-®n-√. aX-Øns‚ ImX-
emb XØzsØ Gh¿°pw a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-Øc - n-Ib - mWv
sNbvXX - .v Aev]t- \cw izmk-XS-  w D≠m-bm¬ aXn \Ωƒ hnΩn-´s∏Spw.
C¥y-bn¬ am{X-a-√, F√m cmjv{S-ß-fn-ep-≈ P\-ßfpw kpJm-t\z-jn-
Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈ kpJ-amWv th≠-Xv? \nXy-amb
kpJw. AXp Is≠-Øp-∂-Xp-hsc AXnepw CXn-ep-sams° s\m´n-
\p-W™v \S-°pw. ]t£ Bfl-kpJw am{X-amWv ]q¿Æ-kp-J-am-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. F√m bm{X-Ifpw F√m At\z-j-W-ßfpw F√m Ne-\-
ßfpw F√m t{]c-W-Ifpw Bflm-hn-te-°p-f-f-Xm-Wv. temI-Øn¬ Cu
aXw As√-¶n¬ A`n-{]mbw GI-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°-Ww. F∂n´v
kzm¿∞-X-sIm≠v Zqjn-X-am-ImsX a\- ns\ Bflm-\-µ-Øn¬ hne-
bn-∏n-°-Ww. At∏mƒ Hcmƒ lnµpthm {InkvXym-\ntbm ap…otam
Bbn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. BZy-¥-hn-lo-\-amb kXy-km-K-c-am-Wv, ⁄m\-km-
K-c-am-Wv, B\-µ-km-K-c-am-Wv.

50
\ne-samSp \oc-Xp-t]mse Im‰p Xobpw
shfn-bp-a-lw-IrXn hnZybpw a\ pw
Ae-I-fp-am-gn-bp-sa-∂p-th-≠-sb√m˛
hpe-Ip-ap-b¿∂-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p.

\ne-samSv ˛ `qan- XpSßn

\ocv AXp-t]mse ˛ AXp-t]mse Pew
Im‰v ˛ hmbp
Xobpw ˛ A·n
shfnbpw ˛ BIm-iw-h-sc-bp-ff ]©-`q-X-ßfpw
Alw-IrXn ˛ Alw-Im-chpw
hnZybpw ˛ _p≤nbpw
a\ pw ˛ a\ pw
Ae-Ifpw ˛ Xnc-Ifpw
Bgnbpw ˛ ISepw
F∂p th≠ ˛ F∂p th≠
F√m DeIpw ˛ F√m temIhpw
Db¿∂v ˛ hnIm-kw-{]m-]n®v
Adn-hmbn ˛ ]c-am¿∞-m\p`q-Xn-bmbn
amdn-Sp∂p ˛ amdp∂p.

Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øns‚ \Sp-hn¬Xs∂-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu t«mI-

Øn¬ {]⁄-bpsS ]cn-Wm-asØ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-I-bmWv Kpcp
sNøp-∂-Xv. ÿqe-Øn¬ A`n-c-an-®n-cp∂ a\p-jy≥ ÿqesØ hn´v
kq£vaØ - n-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬ ÿqe-Ønse B\µw
Xp—hpw ss\an-jn-Ih - p-am-Wv F∂-h≥ Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hnth-
tIm-Zb- Ø- n-eq-sS-bmWv Cu Xc-Øn-ep--s≈mcp ]cn-Wmaw t_m[-Øn¬
kw`hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. aÆn¬ ]Wn-sb-SpØv aÆn¬\n∂pw In´p-
∂-Xp-am{Xw Xn∂p Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jy¿ Aev]w-IqSn kq£va`q-Xa - mb
Pe-X-ØzsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw Ipd-®p-IqSn kq£va-`q-X-amb A·n-X-
ØzsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns∂ hmbp-XØ - zsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns∂
k¿∆-hym-]n-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ BIm-it- Ømfw hnI-kn-Xa - m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Xs‚ kzXzsØ Al-¥m-aa - X
- m-Zn-If- n¬ \n∂pw hn⁄m-\ß - f - psS
Ipg-ad
- n-®n-en¬\n∂pw a\- ns‚ \qem-am-eI - f- n¬\n∂pw Hs° hnap-‡-
am-°p-∂p. IS¬X-s∂-bmWv Xnc. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-ambn FÆ-a‰ Xnc-
Iƒ IS¬∏-c∏ - n¬ B¿Ø-e®v Ifn-t®-°mw. B Xnc-If - n-se√mw D◊-
bm-bn-cn-°p∂ IS¬ am{X-amWv kXy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. \ma-cq-]m-flI- a - mb
F√m temI-ßfpw Adn-hns‚ tIh-ek - z-cq-]X- b - n¬ \n∂pw- Dd∂p hcp∂
Aar-Xm-\p-`h - a- mWv. CXmWv Pohn-XØ - ns‚ ]c-tam∂-Xa - mb Xew.

51
Adn-hn-en-cp-s∂m-c-l¥bmZy-ap-≠m-bv˛
hcp-an-Xn-t\m-sSm-cn-Z¥ hma-bmbpw
hcp-anh c≠p-e-]-߃t]mse ambm˛
ac-a-Jnew ad-sb-∏-S¿∂n-Sp-∂p.
Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ A[njvTm-\-amb Adn-hn-¬\n∂v
Hcp Al¥ ˛ Hcp Alwt_m[w
BZyw D≠mbv hcpw ˛ BZyw apf-s]m-´pw.
CXn-t\mSv ˛ CXns‚IqsS
Hcp CZ¥ ˛ Hcp {]m]-©n-I-t_m-[hpw
hma-bmbpw hcpw ˛ Al-¥°p ]cn-]q-c-I-ambn D≠m-Ipw.
Ch ˛ Cu Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw
c≠p De-]-߃t]mse ˛ c≠p h≈n-s®-Sn-Iƒt]mse
ambm-acw ˛ ambm-acw
AJnew adsb ˛ Adn-hns\ ]q¿Æ-ambn ad-®p-
hbv°-Ø-°-h-Æw
]S¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ ]S¿∂p-]-¥-en-°p∂p

\mw Adn-hm-W.v Adnhp am{X-am-W.v Adn-h√- msX thsdmcp kØ

\ap-°n-√. F∂m¬ C°mcyw \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. hnkvac - W - {- ]-{In-b°v
Imc-Wa - m-tb-°m-hp∂ ambm-XØ - z-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ ChnsS kpXcmw
hy‡-am-°p-∂p. A[n-jvTm-\a - m-bn-cn-°p∂ Adn-hmWv kI-eX - n-t\bpw
{]k-hn-°p∂ AΩ. FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ {]]-©P - m-eß - sf {]k-hn-
°p-∂X - n-\p-apºv BZyw-Xs∂ tIh-ea - mbncn-°p∂ Adnhv kzbw `n∂n-
°p-∂p. BZyw Al-¥b - mWv {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-∂X
- .v Al-¥b - n¬ ⁄mXr-
Xzhpw I¿Xr-Xz-hpw t`m‡r-Xzhpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠.v Pohs‚ Bh-iy-
ßsf ]cn-]q-cWw sNøm-\m-bmWv {]]©w hnc-Nn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v {]]-
©sØ CZ¥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw ]c-k] v c
- w thgvNb - n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂X - mWv hymh-
lm-cn-IX - . Cu hyh-lm-cØ
- n¬\n∂pw a\ v hf-cm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. AXv
{]mXn-`m-kn-It- em-IsØ D≠m-°p-∂p. CtXmsS Adn-hns‚ \ncp-]m-[n-I-
{]-Xe
- Ø
- n¬\n∂pw \mw AS¿∂p-t]m∂p Ign-™p. c≠p sNSn-h≈ - nIƒ
h∂v Hcp acsØ ad-bv°p∂Xp-t]m-se-bmWv ChnsS ambm-a-c-Øn-en-
cn-°p∂ Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw BIp∂ h≈n-Iƒ ⁄m\-kz-cq-]sØ
ad-®psIm≠p Xg-®p-h-f-cp-∂-Xv. Bfl-hn-kva-c-W-Øns‚ aqe-Im-cWw
thZn-∏n-°p∂ Cu t«mIw [ym\n-®p-d-∏n-®mte \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚
XØzm-h-X-c-W-Øns‚ coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) \ap°p a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
52
[z\n-a-b-ambvKK\w Pzen-°p-a-∂m˛
fW-bp-a-Xn-¶-e-ti-j-Zr-iy-Pmew
]p\-c-hnsS {Xn]p-Sn°p ]q¿Øn \¬Ipw
kz\-hp-a-S-ßp-anSw kzbw{]Imiw!
[z\n-a-b-ambv ˛ {]W-h-[z\n \nd-™p-Xqhn
KK\w ˛ Bflm-Imiw
Pzen°pw ˛ shfn-®-Øns‚ \nd-IS-embn Pzen°pw
A∂mƒ AXn-¶¬ ˛ Cu A\p-`-hm-ar-X-e-l-cn-bn¬
Ati-j-Zr-iy-Pmew ˛ apgp-h≥ \ma-cq-]m-flI
- {- ]-]©
- hpw
AWbpw ˛ sI´p-t]m-Ipw.
]p\¿ AhnsS ˛ ]ns∂ AhnsS
{Xn]p-Sn°v ˛ Adnhv aq∂mbn ]ncn-™n-cn-°p∂
Ah-ÿ°v
]q¿Øn-\evIpw ˛ Imc-W-am-tb-°m-hp∂
kz\hpw ˛ i_vZhpw
ASßpw ˛ AS-ßpw.
CSw ˛ B CSw
kzbw {]Imiw ˛ kzbta {]Im-in-°p∂ \ΩpsS
Bflm-Imiw-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
{]Xy£-Øn-ep-ff A¿∞w ]d-™m¬ Cu t«mI-Øns‚ apgp-
h≥ ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw s]men-™p-t]m-Ipw. A\p-`q-Xn-k-º-∂\ - mb Hcp
tbmKn-bpsS lrZ-b-I-a-e-Øn¬ Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ {]W-h-[z-\nsb
hm°p-I-fn¬ ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpIbn√. ImcWw {]Whw
kwKo-XØ - ns‚ kwKo-Xa - m-W.v F∂m¬ B kwKoXw au\-Øn-s‚ au\-
am-Wp-Xm-\pw. [z\nsb \Ωƒ i_vZho-Nn-bm-bn-´mWv Adn-bp-∂X - v. B
i_vZw ]pd-ta-bp-≈X-√. Bfl-K-K-\-Øns‚ kmK-c-hn-im-e-X-bn¬
Pm÷z-ey-am-\a - mbn \nd-™p-Xq-hp-Ib - m-Wv. Ccp-fn-ab - psS Hcp \pdp-ßn-
\p-t]mepw AhnsS ÿm\-an-√. \mw Adn-™Xpw Adnbm-\n-cn-°p-∂X - p-
amb F√m temIm-\p-`h - ß - fpw Cu ]obq-jh - ¿jm-he - n-bn¬ apßn-t∏m-
Ipw. Rm≥ B\-µn-°p-∂h - ≥
- Ft∂m CsX√mw Fs‚ {]nb-hn-jb - -
߃ Ft∂m ]d-bm≥ AhnsS \mhp s]mßp-Ib - n-√. Adnhv ]ncn™v
{Xn]p-Sn-IfmIp-∂Xv HSp-ßpw. {Xn]p-Sn-Iƒ°v Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p∂ i_vZw
{]W-hk - m-{µ-amb kwKo-Xa - mbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Bflm-Imiw apgp-
h≥ kzbta sh´n-Øn-fß - p-∂p. samgn-am-dm-\m-ImØ clkyw amkvac - n-
I-amb _nw_m-tbm-P\ - ß- f - n-eqsS, A\ym-Zr-ia - mb cN-\m-]m-Sh - t- ØmsS
Kpcp Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn-h® - n-cn-°p-∂p.

53
CXn-se-gp-am-Zn-a-i-‡n-bnßp ImWp˛
∂nXp kIew s]dpamZn-_o-P-am-Ipw
aXn-b-Xn-em°n ad-∂n-SmsX ambm˛
aXn-b-dp-hm≥ a\\w XpS¿∂n-tS-Ww.
CXn-segpw ˛ kzbw-{]-Im-in-X-amb Cu Adn-
hn¬\n∂pw Bhn¿`-hn-°p∂
BZn-a-i‡n ˛ BZn-a-amb i‡n
Cßp ImWp∂ ˛ ChnsS \mam-cq-]m-fl-I-ambn
ImWp∂
CXp kIew ˛ CsX-√m-‰n-t\bpw
s]dpw ˛ {]k-hn-°p∂
BZn-_oPw BIpw ˛ BZn-a-amb _oP-am-Wv.
aXn AXn-em°n ˛ _p≤nsb B BZn-a-_o-P-Øn¬
Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øn
ad-∂n-SmsX ˛ BZn-a-_o-PsØ ad-°msX
ambm-aXn Adp-hm≥ ˛ amb-sIm≠p h∂p-tN¿∂ {`a_p≤n
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n
a\\w XpS-¿∂n-tSWw ˛ XpS¿®-bmbn a\\w sNbvXp-sIm-
≠n-cn-°-Ww.

Adnhv \nt›-jvS-a-√. AXp kzbta {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p. {]Im-in-°pI F∂m¬ {Inbm-fl-I-am-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂m-Wv. {Inb
sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ i‡n thWw. Adn-hn¬X-s∂-bn-cn-°p∂ kl-P-amb
Hcp i‡n-bp-≠v. B i‡n-bpsS BthKw sIm≠mWv {]]-©-Øn-
ep-ff F√mw Ncn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂-Xv. Cu BZn-a-i-‡nsb {]]-©-
Øns‚ BZn-Im-cW - a
- mbn `mc-Xo-bE
- jn-am¿ FÆn-t∏m-cp-∂p. CXp kI-
e-Øn\pw AΩ-bm-Wv. Cu AΩ-bmWv {]]-©sØ {]k-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
kIews]dpw BZn-_oPw F∂mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu BZn-am-Xm-
hn¬ _p≤nsb Dd-∏n-°-Ww. AsXmcp ka¿∏-W-am-Wv. \mcm-b-W-Kp-
cp-hns‚ `‡nZ¿i\w Cß-s\-bm-Wv. AXv BZn-_o-Pm-\p-k-‘m-\-am-
Wv. \mw ChnsS Im´n-°q-´p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ `‡n-b√ AXv. BZn-P-
\-\nsb Hcp \nizm-k-Øn¬t]mepw ad-°msX Hm¿-Øn-cn-°p∂ `‡n-
bm-W-Xv.
Hm¿°p-∂Xv Hcp hnj-b-sØ-b-√. hnj-bm-[n-jvTm-\-sØ-bm-Wv.
an°-hmdpw \Ω-fnsems° At_m-[Ø - ns‚ Ccp≠ X≈n-®b - n¬ Bfl-
hn-kva-c-W-Øn\p CShcm-dp-≠v. At∏msgm s° t_m[-]q¿∆w Bfl-
kvarXnsb XncnsI ÿm]n-°-Ww. \ΩpsS _p≤n ambm-tam-l-߃°v
Ffp∏w hi-Ka - m-Ip-∂X- m-Wv. F{X-am{Xw ss\c-¥c
- y-tØm-Sp-IqSn a\\w
sNbvXm-emWv kI-ew-s]dpw BZn-_o-P-Øn¬ _p≤nsb sacp-°n-
\ndpØm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv! AXp-sIm≠v a\\w XpS¿∂p-sIm-≈-Ww.
 54
DW-cp-a-h-ÿ-bp-d-°n-en-√p-d°w
]p\-cp-W-cp-sºm-gpXpw kv^pcn-°p-hoe
A\p-Zn-\-an-ß-s\- c-≠p-am-Zn-am-bm˛
h\n-X-bn¬\n∂p ]pd∂p amdn-Sp-∂p.

DWcpw Ahÿ ˛ DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Ahÿ

Dd-°n¬ C√ ˛ Dd-°-Øn¬ C√.
Dd°w ˛ Dd-ßp∂ Ahÿ
]p\¿ DW-cp-sºm-gpXpw ˛ ho≠pw DW-cp-tºmgpw
kv^pcn-°p-hoe ˛ D≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
A\p-Zn\w ˛ Hmtcm-Zn-h-khpw
Cßs\ c≠pw ˛ Cu c≠-h-ÿ-I-fpw
BZn-am-bm-h-\n-X-bn¬\n∂v˛ BZn-am-b- B-Ip∂ h\n-Xb- n¬\n∂v
]pd∂p ˛ ]nd∂v
amdn-Sp∂p ˛ sshcp-≤y-ap-≈Xm-bn Xo¿∂n-Sp-∂p.

F¥mWv Dd°w? F¥mWv DW¿∆v? B¿°pw s]s´-s∂mcp

\n¿hN\w sImSp-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Kpcp Cu {]tl-fn-I-
bn-te°v hy‡-amb Hcp Dƒ°mgvN \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Bcpw-Xs∂ Dd-
ßm-Ø-h-cm-bn-´n-√. Dd-°-Øn¬ F¥mWv A\p-`hw? H∂pw Adn-
bp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv A\p-`-hw. H∂pw Adn-bp-∂n-s√-¶nepw Dd-ßp-
∂-h-\n¬ kpJ-ap-≠v. kpJ-an-s√-¶n¬ B¿°pw Dd-ßm≥ tXm∂p-
I- b n- √ . Dd- ° - Ø n¬ temIm- \ p- ` - h - ß - f psS A`mhw Ds≠- ¶ nepw
Bflm- h ns‚ kzcq- ] - a mb B\µw At∏mƒ {]Im- i n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v .
F∂m¬ Adn-bp-∂h-s\∂ ‘Rm≥ ’GtXm Hcp IdpØ aqSp-]-S-
Øn-\p-≈n¬ AI-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v DW¿s∂-Wo-
°p-∂-Xp-hsc Rm≥ Bfl-kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂v F\n-°-dn-
bm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√, ]d-bm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
DW¿s∂-Wo-‰m¬ C{µn-bhpw a\ pw {]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X-am-hpw.
At∏mƒ D≈n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ccp-fn-a-sb√mw am™p-t]m-Ipw. hkvXp-
°-tfbpw hkvXp-X-I-tf-bpw kv]¿in®pw {LmWn®pw Nn¥n-®p-sams°
Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßpw. DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ico-c-Øns‚ hni∏pw
Zmlhpw a\- ns‚ Pn⁄m-kbpw Hs° ian-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww.
{]]-©m-\p-`hw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Cu c≠p {[ph-߃°n-S-bn-em-
Wv. Ccp-´n\pw shfn-®-Øn\pw CS-bn-emWv FÆ-a‰ cq]-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-
Snb Cu {]]©w \Ω-fn¬ A¤p-XsØ Na-®p-h-bv°p-∂-Xv. Hcp
Nn{X-Im-cs‚ Im≥hm-kn¬ Idp-∏n\pw shfp-∏n\pw CS-bn¬ hcp∂
]e-]e h¿Æ-ß-fpsS tNcp-h-IƒsIm≠mWv Nn{X-Im-c≥ amkva-cn-
I-amb Hcp Nn{XsØ hc-®p-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.
Cu c≠-h-ÿ-I-fn-te°v t_m[w hoWpw Db¿∂pw amdn-a-dn-™p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kpJhpw ZpxJhpw as‰√m sshIm-
cn-I-X-Ifpw H∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Hcp ambm-h-
\n-X-bn¬\n-∂mWv A\p-Zn-\-sa-t∂mWw Ccpfpw shfn-®hpw amdn-amdn
P\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Adn-hns‚ tIh-e-kz-cq-]-Øn¬
\n∂p-sIm≠v Dd-° -Øn-t \bpw DW¿hn-t \bpw t\m°n- ° m- W m≥
Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]q¿Æ-Pm-K-cn-Xw (total awakening) kw`-hn-°p∂Xp-
hsc \Ω-fpsS kXy-Pn-⁄m-ksb D]-i-an-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

55
s\Snb-In-\m-hnXp \n{Z-t]mse \nXyw
sISp-an-Xp-t]mse In\m-hp-an-{]-Imcw
sISp-aXn ImWp-I-bn√ tIh-e-Øn¬
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m-e-\niw {`an-®n-Sp-∂p.
CXv s\Snb In\mhv ˛ PohnXw Hcp \o≠ kz]v\-am-Wv.
\n{Z-t]mse ˛ Dd-°-Øn¬ ImWp∂ In\m-hp-
t]msebmWn-Xv.
\nXyw sISpw ˛ DW¿s∂-Wo-°p-tºmƒ B
In\mhpw sI´p-t]m-Ip∂p.
CXp-t]mse ˛ Dd-°-Ønse kz]v\w t]mseXs∂
In\mhpw ˛ Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ s\Snb In\mhpw
sI´p-t]mIpw
C{]-Imcw ˛ F∂m¬ CØ-c-Øn¬
sISp-aXn ˛ hnj-b-_p≤n
ImWp-I-bn√ ˛ a\- n-em-°p∂n-√.
tIh-e-Øn¬ ˛ {]]©w F∂ Cuiz-cs‚
kz]v\Øn¬
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ F√m-hcpw Htc-t]mse IpSp-ßn-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬
A\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
{`an-®n-Sp∂p ˛ s\Snb In\m-hns\ kXy-sa-∂-Xp-
t]mse Z¿in-°p-∂p.
Pohn-X-sa-∂Xv Hcp apgp-\o-f≥ kz]v\-am-Wv. C{Xbpw ssZ¿Ly-
ap-≈ kz]v\-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v \mw kz]v\sØ Xncn-®-dn-bm-dn-√. \ΩpsS
Dd-°hpw Dd-°-Øn¬ ImWp∂ kz]v\hpw DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ
ImWp∂ temIhpw F√mw B s\Snb kz]v\-Ønse hnhn-[-amb
Ah-ÿ-I-fm-Ip-∂p. \n{Z-bn¬ \mw ImWp∂ kz]v\w, \n{Z-hn´v Fgp-
t∂¬°p-tºmƒ Ab-Ym¿∞-ambn tXm∂m-dp≠v. kz]v\-Øn¬ \mw
t]Sn®p \ne-hn-fn-®n-cn-°mw, B\-µw-sIm≠v \rØw sNbvXn-cn-°mw, lnam-
e-bk- m-\p-°f - n¬ hnl-cn-®n-cn-°mw, `oI-ca - mb Zpc-¥Ø - n¬ acn-®p-t]m-
sb∂p hcmw. F∂m¬ DW¿∂p IÆp-Xp-d∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ AsX√mw
km¶ev]n-Iß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \mw Xncn-®d - n-bm-dp-≠v. ]t£, A\p-`-
hn-°p∂ thf-bn¬ Ah km¶ev]n-Iß - f - √- . Ah A\p-`hbmYm¿∞y-
ß-fm-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v Kpcp Cu Pohn-XtØbpw kz]v\t- ØmSp Xpe\w sNøp-
tºmƒ \ap-°X - ns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ {]bmkw tXm∂pw. Kpcp Cu s\Snb
kz]v\Ø - n¬\n∂pw DW¿s∂-Wo-‰n-´mWv \tΩm-sS√mw ]d-™p-Xc - p-∂-
Xv. Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-`h - sØ Kpcp ad-®p-hb - ° v p-∂n-√. \ap°pw Np‰p-]m-Sp-
Iƒ Xo¿Ø thZ-\I - f- n¬\n∂pw sI´p-]m-Sp-If - n¬\n∂pw ap‡-cm-Im≥
Ign-bpw. temIØv F√m-hcpw Cu Pohn-XsØ ]c-am¿∞-sa-∂X - p-t]mse
\n\®v Pohn-°p-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS D≈nepw tXm∂pw Cu ImW-
s∏-Sp∂ temIhpw Pohn-Xhpw BWv ]c-aa - mb kXy-sa-∂.v AXn-s\-bmWv
tIh-eØ - n¬s]´v {`an-°pI F∂v Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X - .v
Cu temI-P\ - X apgp-h\pw BIm-iØ - n¬ \o-en-asb Z¿in-®mepw Hcp
imkv{X-⁄\ - d- nbmw AhnsS \oen-ab - n-s√-∂.v \ΩpsS IÆns‚ ]cn-anXn-
bmWv N{I-hm-fß - sf krjvSn-°p-∂s - X-∂v imkv{X-⁄\ - d- n-bmw. km[m-
cW Pohn-XØ - nse CØcw Imcy-ßfn¬t]mepw \Ωƒ {`an-®p-t]m-Im-dp-
≠v. CXp-t]m-se-Xs - ∂-bmWv Hcp apgp-h≥ Pohn-XØ - nepw D≠m-Ip∂ {`am-
fl-IX - . C\n DW-c¬ Bh-iy-am-W.v B DWc¬ Bfl-kq-cy-\n-te-°m-W.v
shfn-®w.... shfn-®w..... k¿∆{X shfn-®w......-Cc - p-´ns‚ Hcp IWnI-t]mepw
ImWp-∂n-√t√m? Fs¥m-c¤ - pXw! CXm-Ip∂p ]q¿Æ-t_m-t[m-Zb - w.
56
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse Imb-tam-tcm˛
∂pS-\p-S-t\-dn-bp-b¿∂-a¿∂n-Sp∂p
apSn-hn-Xn-s\-ßnXp l¥! aqe-kw-hn-Xv˛
IS-en-e-P-{k-hp-ap-≈ I¿Ω-at{X!

IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse ˛ IS-en¬ Xnc-Iƒ Db-cp-Ibpw

Xmgp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse
Imb-tam-tcm∂v ˛ Hmtcmtcm icocw
DS-\p-S≥ ˛ H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂mbn
Gdn Db-¿∂a¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ D≠mbn amdn ad-bp-∂p.
apSn-hn-Xn-s\ßv ˛ Cu {]{In-b°v Hcp A¥yw
Fhn-sS-bmWv?
CXp l¥! ˛ CsXmcp B›-cyw-Xs∂!
aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en¬ ˛ {]]-©-Øn\p aqe-Im-c-W-amb
Bfl-kmK-c-Øn¬
AP-{khpw D≈˛ Fs∂∂pw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
I¿Ω-at{X ˛ k¿§-{]-{In-b-I-fm-Wn-Xv.

Xnc-bn-√mØ IS¬ Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw-t]mse tXm∂pw. Xnc

F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXn¬ \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hmf-ßfpw Ae-Ifpw
alm-X-cw-K-ßfpw F√mw Dƒs∏-Spw. IS-en¬ Xnc-bn-√m-Xmbn Ign-
™m¬ ]ns∂ AXv IS-e-√m-Xm-Ipw. hnim-e-amb IS-en¬ Hcp
Xncbv°pw imiz-X-amb \ne-\n¬∏n-√. Pew Ipd-®p-t\cw Xnc-bpsS
BIm-csØ]q≠v Ipd-®p-t\cw \ne-\n∂v ]ns∂ IS-en-te-°p-Xs∂
Xncn®pebn-°p-∂p. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿j-߃°p-apºpw IS-en¬ Xnc-
Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp--∂p. Ct∏mgpw \mw Xnc-Iƒ ImWp-∂p. \mw t]m-bmepw
IS-en¬ Xnc-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw. Cu {]{In-b°v Hcp apSnhpw D≠m-hp-I-bn-
√. CsXmcp B›-cy-I-c-am-bn-´p-ff kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.
CtX-t]m-se-Xs - ∂-bmWv {]]-©Ø - ns‚ k¿÷-\{- ]-{In-bbpw \S-
°p-∂X - v. {]]-©hpw Xcw-Kß - s- f-t∏msebmWv. \nc-h[ - n-bmb cq]-ß-
fn-eqsS {]]©w \ΩpsS apºn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. ]t£, CXv GXp
kmK-cØ - nse Xnc-If - mWv? aqe-kw-hn-XvIS- e- n-emWv {]m]-©n-IX - c
- w-K-
߃ cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂X - v. kwhnXv F∂p ]d-™m¬ Adn-hm-Wv. Adn-hn-
t\bpw Bflm-hn-t\bpw At`-Za - mbn Adn-bW - w. Bfl-km-Kc - Ø
- n-emWv
\nc-¥c - a
- mbn temI-k¿÷\w \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. CXv Ah-km-
\-an-√msX \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. CsXmcp alm-›c - yw-Xs
- ∂!

57
Ae-b-dp-am-gn-bn-ep-≠-\-¥-am-bm˛
Ie-bnXp Iey-b-\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw
ken-e-c-km-Zn-i-co-c-ta¥n \m\m˛
hpe-Ip-cp-hm-bp-cp-hmbn \n∂n-Sp∂p.

Ae-bdpw Bgn-bn¬ ˛ Xnc-bn-√mØ IS-en¬

A\-¥-am-bm-Ie D≠v ˛ A¥y-an-√mØ ‘ambm-Ie’ D≠v.
CXv Iey ˛ Cu ambm-Ie k¿÷-\-{]-{In-
b°v ka¿∞-am-Wv.
A\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw ˛ CXv A\m-Zn-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-°p∂
ken-e-c-kmZn ˛ Pew, AXns‚ KpW-amb ckw
XpSßnbh-bpsS
icocw G¥n ˛ BIm-cw ssIs°m-≠v
\m\m DeIv ˛ \m\m-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ temI-ß-fpsS
Dcp-hmbv Dcp-hmbv ˛ cq]-ß-fmbn
\n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ ChnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

IS-en¬ Hcn-°epw Xnc-If- n-√mØ Ahÿ kwPm-Xa- m-hp-Ib - n-s√∂v

\mw Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-™p. F√m ImeØpw Xncbpw ISepw
H∂n-®p-Xs∂ Ccp-∂n-´p-≠v. F∂mepw IS¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn im¥-am-sb-
∂n-cn-°s - ´. B im¥X XmXvIm-en-Ia - m-Wv. IS-ens‚ Bg-ßf - n¬Xs∂
henb Xnc-°q-´-߃ D≠m-°m\p≈ a¿±-߃ Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Bfl-km-Kc - Ø- nepw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. {]]-©Ø - n¬ ImWp∂ F√mw
Bfl-km-K-c-Øn¬ kq£va-ambn ad-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Iºyq-´-dns‚
ssat{Im-Nn-∏p-If - n¬ saΩdn Ccn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se. Bflm-hn¬ Cßs\
ad-™n-cn-°p∂ {]]-©k - m-[y-Xsb ‘ambm-Ie’ F∂mWv kmt¶-Xn-I-
`m-jb- n¬ ]dbp-I.
Ie F∂p ]d-™m¬ Hc-Sb - m-fa
- m-Wv ˛ Hcp ]mSv. ]t£, Cu ]mSv
{]]-©k - vac - W- I - sf apgp-h≥ D≈-S° - n-h® - n-´p-≠v. hfsc ka¿∞-amb
coXn-bn¬ krjvSn-Pm-eß - sf krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°m≥ CXn\p Ign-
bpw. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wn-Xns\ Iey F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu {]]©w
A©p `qX-ßf - psS tNcp-hb - m-Wv. Hmtcm `qX-Øn\pw Hmtcm {][m\
KpW-ap-≠v. `qan-bpsS KpWw K‘-am-Wv. sh≈-Øns‚ KpWw ck-am-
Wv. A·n-bpsS KpWw cq]hpw hmbp-hnt‚Xv kv]¿i-hp-am-Wv. BIm-
i-Øns‚ KpWw i_vZa - m-Wv. Cu ]©-`q-Xß - fpw KpW-ßfpw tN¿∂v
\m\m-Io¿Æ-amb temIw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂p. Cu {]{Inb A\m-Zn-bm-
Wv. BZn-bn-√msX \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - m-Wv. Ct∏mgpw \S-°p-∂p.

58
\h-\-h-an-∂-se-bn-∂p- \m-sf- a-t‰˛
±nh-k-an-Xn-ßs\ Nn¥ sNbvXn-SmsX
Ahn-c-X-sa-Æn-b-f-∂n-Sp-∂-sX√mw
{`a-samcp t`Z-hp-an-√-dn-™n-tSWw.
\h-\hw ˛ ]pXp-]p-Ø-\mb Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃
C∂se C∂v ˛ C∂se, C∂v
\msf at‰-Zn-hkw ˛ \msf, a‰-∂mƒ
CXn-ßs\ ˛ tIh-e-amb ImesØ sh´n-ap-dn®p
a\- n-em-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
Nn¥ sNbvXn-SmsX ˛ Nn¥-bn¬ G¿s∏-SmsX
Ahn-cXw ˛ hncm-a-an-√msX
FÆn Af-∂n-Sp-∂-sX√mw ˛ FÆnbpw Af∂pw Adn-bp-∂-sX√mw
{`aw ˛ {`aw am{X-amWv
Hcp t`Z-hp-an√ ˛ Ime-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ GIamWv,
AXn¬ Hcp t`Z-h-ap-an-√.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ Cßs\ Adn-b-Ww.

]g-bX - ns\ If™v ]pXn-bX - ns\ ssIs°m-≈m-\mWv Bfp-Iƒ

sImXn-°p-∂X - v. a\- v Fs∂∂pw ]pXpa tXSp∂ kz`m-ha - p-≈X - m-Wv.
H∂ns\ ImWp-tºmƒ AXns\ ]pXn-bs - X∂pw ]g-bs - X∂pw a\ v
hnth-Nn-®-dn-bp-∂p. ]g-b-Xns\ \Ωƒ X≈n-°-fbpw. ]pXn-b-Xns\
ssIs°m-≈pw. \Ωƒ H∂ns\ ]pXn-bs - X∂pw ]g-bs - X∂pw Xcw-Xn-cn-
°p-∂Xv GX-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv? Ime-t_m-[Ø - n-emWv F√m A\p-`-
h-ßfpw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. C∂se F∂Xv Hcp Ime-bf - -
hm-Wv. AXp kw`-hn-®p-Ig - n™ Imcy-am-Wv. kw`-hn-®s - X√mw Fhn-sS-
bmWv Ccn-°p∂Xv? kvac-Wb - n-emWv Ccn-°p-∂X - v. B kvac-Wb - psS
ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv C∂v F∂v \mw ]d-bp-∂X - v. C∂v C∂-se-tb-
°mƒ IqSp-X¬ bmYm¿∞y-ap-≈X - m-Wv. C∂ns\ h®p-sIm-≠mWv hcm-
\n-cn-°p∂ \msf-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂X - v.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - \
- mb _¿Kvk¨ Aßs\ tIh-ea - mb ImesØ
pure duration F∂p hnfn-®p. \mcm-bW - K - p-cp-hpw _¿Kvks - W-t∏mse
GI-amb Ime-[m-csb JWvUn-°p-∂-Xns\ {`aw F∂mWv hnfn-°p-
∂-Xv. C∂-se-sb∂pw Cs∂∂pw \msf-sb∂pw D≈ Iev]-\-Iƒ {`a-
ß-fm-Wv. a\- n-\p--≠m-Ip∂ Nne {]Xo-Xn-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. Ime-Øns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]g-b-sX∂pw ]pXn-b-sX∂pw ]d-bp∂ A\p-`-h-
ßfpw {`a-am-Wv. Ime-Øns‚ Cu {`a-Nn-¥-bn¬\n∂pw ⁄m\-Øns‚
tIh-ea - l
- n-am-hn-te°v a\- ns\ Db¿Øn-sb-Sp-°W - w. t`Z-ßf - n-√msX
BZy-¥-hn-lo-\-amb Adn-hn¬ A\p-`-h-߃ Ime-L-S-\-bn¬ s]Sm-
sX-Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. CX-dn-bp-∂-h≥ arXyp-hn-te°p
\sΩ hen-®n-g-°p∂ Ime-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-I-S-°pw.
 59
Adn-hns\ hn´Y Rm\p-an√sbs∂˛
∏ncn-bp-In-en-√-dnhpw, {]Im-i-am{Xw
Adn-h-dn-bp-∂-h-s\∂p c≠p-tam¿Øm˛
semcp-s]m-cpfmaXn-en√ hmZ-ta-Xpw.
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn
AY ˛ ]ns∂
Rm\pw C√ ˛ ‘Rm≥ ’ F∂ t_m[-Øn\pw
AkvXn-X-bn-√.
Fs∂ ]ncn-bp-In¬ ˛ F∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn
Adnhpw C√ ˛ Hc-dnhpw D≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
{]Im-i-am{Xw ˛ Rm\pw Adnhpw Htc-sbmcp
{]Imiw am{Xw
Adnhv ˛ Adn-sh∂pw
Adn-bp-∂-h≥ F∂p ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h-s\∂pw D≈
c≠pw Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ c≠pw At\z-jn-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬
Hcp s]mcpfmw ˛ Htc-sbmcp s]mcp-fmWv
CXn¬ C√ hmZ-taXpw ˛ CXp X¿°-an-√mØ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.
hy h- l m- c - ` mj- b n¬ Rm≥ Adn- b p- ∂ p, Fs‚ Adnhv
Fs∂ms° ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Aßs\ ]d-bp-tºmƒ hen-sbmcp sX‰ns\
]n≥K-an-°p-I-bmWv \Ωƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ F∂Xv AdnhpXs∂-
bm-Wv. Rm\pw Adnhpw XΩn¬ Hcp t`Z-hp-an-√. Rm≥ Adn-bp∂p
F∂ {]-{In-bbn¬ Adnhv \Ωn-¬-\n∂pw AI-∂n-cn-°p∂ H∂p-t]mse
tXm∂pw. F{Xtbm Bfp-Iƒ Adn-hp-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m-\mbn ]pkvX-
I-߃ hmbn-®p-]-Tn-°p-∂Xv \Ωƒ ImWm-dp-≠v. ]pkvX-I-Øn-emWv
Adn-hn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ cqV-aq-e-amb tXm∂-ep-sIm-≠mWv \Ω-fpsS
hnZym-`ymkw-t]mepw ]pkvX-I-tI-{µo-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. am{X-a-√,
Fs‚ Adnhv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Fs‚ hoSv, Fs‚ Im¿ F∂
hnh-£-I-fn¬ hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse Adnhpw Rm≥ kzmb-Ø-am-°nb
Fs‚ Hcp ssIh-i-h-kvXp-hm-Wv.
At∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ Adn-hp-≈-h≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ AwKo-Ir-X-\m-Ip-
∂p. Ah≥ Adn-hmIp∂ kº-Øp-sIm≠v A[n-Im-csØ Iøm-fp-∂p.
Adn-hns\ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøm≥ Cß-s\-bp-≈ sX‰mb t_m[w
klm-b-I-am-bn-´p-≠v. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Rm\pw Adnhpw Htc-sbmcp
{]Imiw am{XamWv. Hcp s]mcpƒX-s∂-bm-Wv. C°mcyw A\p-`-h-am-
bn´p hc-Ww. At∏m-gmWv aqey-h-Ømbn Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. Kpcp-
hns‚ A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Kpcp C°mcyw \ap°p ]d-™p-X-cp-
∂-Xv. AXn¬ eh-teiw kwibw th≠. AXp-sIm≠v hmZ-ß-sfm-
∂p-an-√msX Rm\pw Adnhpw Hs∂-∂p-≈ A\p-`-sshIyw t\Sn-sb-Sp-
°p-I.
60
Adn-hn-s\bpw aa-X-bv°-[o-\-am°n˛
∏d-bp-an-Xn≥ ]c-am¿∞-tam¿Øn-SmsX
]d-In-ep-a-∏-c-X-Øz-sa-∂-t]m-eo˛
bdn-h-dn-bp-∂-h-\-\y-am-Ip-ho-e.

CXn≥ ˛ CXns‚
]c-am¿∞w ˛ ]c-am¿∞w
Hm¿Øn-SmsX ˛ At\z-jn-®-dn-bmsX
Adn-hn-s\bpw ˛ Adn-hn-s\-t∏mepw
aa-Xbv°v A[o-\-am°n ˛ Fs‚ Adnhv F∂ Xc-Øn¬
Adn-hns\ kz¥-am°n
]d-bpw ˛ Bfp-Iƒ ]dbpw.
]d-Inepw ˛ Aßs\ ]d-™mepw
B ]c-XØzw F∂-t]m¬ ˛ B ]c-am-fl-XØzw Adn-bp-∂-h≥
AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
Cu Adnhv ˛ Fs‚ Adnhv F∂ Xc-Øn¬
Icp-Xn-t∏m-cp∂ Adnhv
Adn-bp-∂-h\v ˛ CX-dn-bp-∂-h\v Ah-\n¬\n∂pw
A\y-am-Ip-hoe ˛ A\y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂n-√.

CXv Fs‚ `qan, AXp \ns‚ `qan, CXv Fs‚ ]Ww, AXp
\ns‚ ]Ww F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse A⁄m-\n-bmb a\p-jy≥
Fs‚ Adn-sh∂p hyh-l-cn-°m-dp≠v. ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ Rm≥ Adn-
hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Adnhv Ft‚-X-√. hen-sbm-c¿∞-Øn¬ Rm≥t]mepw
Adn-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv. Rm\pw Adnhpw c≠√. ]t£, Fs‚ Adnhv F∂p
]d-bp-tºmƒ Adnhv F∂n¬\n∂pw _mly-amb Ft¥m H∂m-sW∂v
Icp-Xpw. AXp-sIm≠v Adnhv kzmb-Ø-am-°m≥th≠n a\p-jy≥
{]b-Xv\n-°p-∂p. ]W-ap-≠m-°m≥ {]b-Xv\n-°p∂ a\p-jy-sc-t∏m-se-
Xs∂. hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw A°m-Z-an-I-fnepw a\p-jy-¿
IpØn-bn-cp∂p ]Tn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. tkm{I-´okv ]d™ hn{ip-X-
h-N-\-ß-fn-sem-∂v, ‘\o \ns∂-Øs∂ Adn-bpI’ F∂m-Wv. Adn-
bp∂h-\pw Adnhpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂ AJ-WvUm-\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ am{Xta
\n¿hrXn D≠m-hp∂p-≈q.
 ]c-am-flm-hns\ Adn-bp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp sX‰p-≠v.
Adn-bp-∂-h≥ ]c-am-flm-hm-Wv. CXmcpw Hm¿°m-dn-√. AXp-t]mse
Fs‚ Adnhv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Adnhv F∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-am-bn-
t∏m-Ipw. B tXm∂¬ Hcp henb iq\y-Xsb krjvSn-°pw. A]-I¿j-
t_m-[sØ krjvSn-°pw. Jeo¬ Pn{_m≥ {]hm-N-I≥ F∂ IrXn-
bn¬ ]d-bp∂p: ‘Fs‚ ssZhta, F∂p hnfn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Fs¥-
∂m¬ Rm≥ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Ip-∂p. ssZhw Ft‚-X-√.’ B Hc-l-¥-
IqSn \Ω-fn¬\n∂pw t]mI-Ww. ssZhsØ kz¥-am-°p∂ \mw ssZh-
tØ-°mƒ ap¥n-b-h-\m-sW∂ {]Xy-£-a-√mØ Hcp A-l-¶m-c-ap-≠v.
\Ω-psS aX-ßfpw XØz-Nn-¥-Ifpw Cu Zqjn-X-h-e-b-Øn¬\n∂pw
D≠mb Pmc-k-¥-Xn-I-fm-Wv. Adn-hn\v \sΩ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. ssZh-
Øn\p \sΩ ka¿∏n-°-Ww. At∏mƒ F¥v Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂pthm
AXmWv BXy-¥n-I-amb A\p-`hw.

61
shfn-hn-jbw hne-kp∂p thdp-th-dm˛
bf-hn-Sp-an-{µn-b-am¿∂p Xs‚ [¿Ωw
Pf-X-b-Xnßp ZnKw-_-cmZn \mam˛
hen-sbm-Sp-b¿∂-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p.
shfn-hn-jbw ˛ ]pd-wtem-I-Øp-≈ hnj-b-߃
thdp-th-dmbv ˛ sht∆-sd-bmbn
hne-kp∂p ˛ FÆ-a‰ {]Xo-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p.
C{µnbw ˛ C{µn-b-߃
Xs‚ [¿Ωw B¿∂v ˛ AXm-Xns‚ [¿ΩsØ Ah-ew-
_n-®p-sIm≠v
Af-hnSpw ˛ C{µn-b-hn-j-b-ßsf Af-∂-dn-bp∂p.
PfX AXv ˛ C{µn-b-߃ sht∆-sdbmbn Af-∂-dn-
bp-∂-Xv A⁄m\w \nan-Ø-amWv.
Cßv ˛ ChnsS
ZnKw-_-cmZn ˛ Zn°v, BImiw ap-X-embh
\mam-h-en-sbmSv ˛ \nc-h-[n-bmb \ma-k-©-b-tØm-sSm∏w
Db¿∂v ˛ Db¿∂v
Adn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hns\ {]m]n-°p∂p.
shfn F∂m¬ BIm-ia- m-W.v GsXmcp hkvXp-hn\pw ÿnXn sNøp-
hm≥ CSw thWw. F√m hkvXp-°fpw BIm-iØ - n-emWv Ccn-°p-∂X
- .v
BIm-iØ - n¬ hkvXp Ccn-°pI am{X-a√
- , hkvXp-hn¬ BImiw Ccn-
°p-∂p-ap≠v. BIm-iØ
- n¬ IpSw Ccn-°p-∂X- p-t]m-se-Xs∂ IpS-Øn¬
BImiw Ccn-°p-∂pap-≠.v Cu BImi-Øn-emWv FÆ-a‰ hnj-bß - ƒ
ÿnXn sNøp-∂X - .v Hcp hnjbw thsdmcp hnj-bØ - n¬\n∂pw thdn-´n-cn-
°p-∂p-≠.v B th‰pa hcp-∂Xv C{µn-bß - fpsS [¿Ω-hy-Xn-cn-‡XsIm≠m-
Wv. IÆn\p cq]sØ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. cq]-amWv ChnsS IÆns‚
[¿Ω-hn-j-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IÆn\p ImWp-hm-\p-ff Ignth D≈q.
tIƒ°p-hm-\p-≈ Ign-hn-√. tIƒhn ImXns‚ [¿Ω-am-Wv. At∏mƒ
ImXns‚ hnj-ba - mbn hcp-∂X- v i_vZa - m-W.v Cßs\ Hmtcm C{µn-bØ - n-
\pw AXm-Xns‚ [¿Ωhpw B [¿Ω-Øn-\n-Wß - p∂ hnjbhpw ]pdw-
tem-IØ- n¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-≠.v
Af-hn-√mØ sshhn-[y-tØm-Sp-IqSn temI-Øn¬ cq]-߃ D≈Xp-
t]mse kv]¿i-ßfpw i_vZß - fpw K‘-ßfpw ck-ßfpw At\-Ia - m-
Wv. C{µn-bß- ƒ Chsb Adn-bp-∂Xv Af-∂m-W.v F√m C{µn-bh - n-jb - -
ß-tfbpw Af-°m≥ Ign-bpw. B[p-\n-Ii - mkv{Xw Cu temIsØ Af∂p
a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ {ian-®X - ns‚ ^e-am-bn-´mWv hnI-kn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v
Kpcp JWvUn-Xa - mbn ]d-bp∂p: ‘CsXms° Pf-Xb - m-W.v ’ Pf-Xs - b-∂m¬
Cu \m\m-Xz-Øn-t‚-Xmb temI-Øn¬ \mw imiz-Xa - q-ey-ßsf ImWm≥
{ian-°p-∂Xm-W.v F√mw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. am‰-an-√m-ØX - mbn Cu
{]m]-©n-IX- b- n¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ C√. F∂m¬ Cu am‰sØ Adn-hn-te°v
B\-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. Hcp hnj-bØ - n¬\n∂p thsdmcp hnj-bØ - n-
te°v {]nbsØ ]dn-®p-\-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ hnj-b-Øn¬\n∂pw
{]nbsØ AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv Bflm-hn¬ Dd-∏n®p \ndpØp-∂X - .v BIm-
iw, Zn°v XpSßn ]m©-`u-Xn-Iamb Cu {]]©w ap-gp-h≥ \ma-k© - b - -
ß-fm-W.v F√m \ma-ßfpw A\m-an-Ia - mb Adn-hn¬ D]-kw-lc - n-°W - w.
Adnhp am{Xta D≈q. CXv Adn-bp-tºmƒ PfX t]mIpw. B Adnhp
Xs∂-bmWv Rm≥. CXdn-bp-tºmƒ B\µw Ae-X√ - pw.

62
]c-h-i-\mbv ]c-X-Øz-sa-s‚-sX-t∂m¿˛
°-cp-XcpsX∂p IYn-∏-sXm-∂n-\mte
hcp-a-dn-th-Xp- hcm IYn-∏-Xmte
]c-a-]Zw ]cn-Nn¥ sNbvXn-tS-Ww.

]c-h-i-\mbv ˛ euIn-I-ho-£-W-Øn\v ASn-as∏´v

]c-XØzw ˛ ]c-am-flm-hns\
Fs‚-sX∂v ˛ Fs‚ ]c-am-flm-sh∂v
Hm¿°-cpXv ˛ Icp-Xm≥ ]mSn√
Acp-sX∂v ˛ Icp-Xm≥ ]mSn-s√∂v
IYn-∏-sXm-∂n-\mse ˛ ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw
hcp-a-dn-thXv? -˛ F¥-dn-hp-≠m-Im-\mWv?
hcm IYn-∏-Xmse ˛ shdptX ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw
⁄m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-√.
]c-a-]Zw ˛ ]c-am-flm-hns\
]cn-Nn¥ sNbvXn-tSWw ˛ [ym\-\n-a-·-ambn A\p-`-hn-®-dn-b-Ww.

]c-hi - X
- b
- mWv Hc-phs\ Xf¿Øp-∂X - v. kXyw thsd Fhn-sStbm
BsW∂p IcpXn AXns‚ em`-Øn-\mbn {]b-Xv\n-°p-tºm-gmWv ]c-
h-i-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ ⁄m\n-bmb I_o¿ ]d-
bp-∂p: Cuiz-c≥ aµn-c-Ønepw akvPn-Zn-ep-a-√. bmK-Ønepw tbmK-
Ønepw A√. Cuiz-c≥ \ns‚ {]mWs‚ {]mW-\m-Ip∂p F∂v. \mw
\sΩ Xnc-™p-\-S-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v P∑-߃ Gsd Ign-™p. bm{X
Gsd sNbvXv `qan F∂ Cu k{X-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂n-´p≈ ]Yn-I-
∑m-cmWv \Ω-sf-√m-hc - pw. \Ω-fpsS bm{X \Ω-sf-tØ-Sn-bp-≈XmsW∂v
Adn-bp-tºmƒ CXp-hsc sNbvX bm{X-I-sf√mw hrYm-hn-em-bn-cp-∂p
F∂p t_m[y-s∏-Spw. G‰hpw ASpØ H∂ns\ Adn-bmsX AI-se-
bp-≈-Xn-te°p Xe \o´p∂ \ΩpsS _p≤n ]mc-h-iy-am-Wv. B _p≤n-
sIm-≠mWv ho≠pw \Ωƒ ]c-am-flm-hns\ Adn-bm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
]c-am-flmhv GtXm Hcp henb hkvXp--hn-s\-t∏mse am{Xta Aßs\
At\z-jn-°p-∂-hs‚ a\- n¬ tXm∂n-°p-I-bp-≈q. Fs‚ ]c-am-flm-
sh∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv. F√m Ft‚-Xp-Ifpw Rm\-√m-Ø-Xm-
Wv.
Cßs\ Nn¥n-°-cp-sX∂p ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw \ap°v icn-
bmb ]c-am-fl-⁄m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-√. D]-\n-jØpw ss__nfpw
Jp¿˛ B\pw at\m-l-c-ambn Dcp-hn-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]WvUn-X-in-tcm-
a-Wn-Ifp≠v. Ah¿ aWn-a-Wn-t]mse thZ-]p-kvXIw sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n-
®p-X-cpw. ]t£, Poh≥ sImcp-Øn´ sIWn-bn¬ Ahcpw Hcp ]d-h-
sb-t∏mse Nnd-In-´Sn®p \ne-hn-fn-°p∂ kµ¿`-߃ ]e-t∏mgpw
D≠mIm-dp-≠v. ap‡n ImWm-∏mTw ]Tn®p≠m-°m-hp∂ H∂-√. G‰p-
sNm√n lrZn-ÿ-am-°m-hp-∂-Xp-a-√. Bflm-hns‚ AKm-[-X-bn-te°v
kz¥w X]- n-\m¬ B≠n-d-ß-Ww. [ym\-Øns‚ kmK-c-kz-—X
ssIh-cp-thmfw Cu ]cn-Nn-¥\w XpS¿∂n-tS-Ww.
 63
Adn-hn-en-cp-∂-]-c-Xz-am¿∂n-Sm-Xo˛
bdn-hn-s\-bn-ß-dn-bp-∂-sX-∂ntb Xm≥
]c-h-i-\m-b-dn-hoe ]WvUn-X≥ X≥˛
]c-a-c-l-ky-an-Xmcp ]m¿Øn-Sp-∂p !

Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂v
A]-c-Xz-am¿∂n-SmsX ˛ Xs∂ A\y-am-°msX
Cu Adn-hns\ ˛ Bflmhp Xs∂-bmb Adn-hns\
Cß-dn-bp-∂-sX-∂ntb ˛ ChnsS Adn-bm-sa-∂-√msX
]c-h-i-\mbv ˛ X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-amWv Bflm-hv
F∂pIcpXn At\z-jn°p∂-Xn-
eqsS
Adn-hoe ˛ Bflm\p`hw kw`-hn-°p-I-bn-√.
]WvUn-X≥ X≥ ˛ ⁄m\n-bpsS
]c-a-c-lkyw ˛ ]c-a-clkyamb B¥-cn-Im-\p-`hw
CXmcp ]m¿Øn-Sp∂p! ˛ B¿°mWv a\- n-em-hp-∂-Xv ?

Bflm-t\z-jWw \S-Øp∂ km[-I-∑m-cn¬ s]mXpth kw`-hn-

°m≥ CS-bp-≈ Hcp sX‰ns\ Kpcp Xncp-Øn-Ø-cn-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.
Adn-hn-t\bpw Adn-bp-∂-h-t\bpw A\y-hev°-cn®p ImWm≥ ]mSn-√.
Bflm-hn-s\-bmWv km£m-XvI-cn-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcmƒ km[-\-
Iƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ AXp thsd Fhn-sStbm Ccn-°p∂ H∂m-
sW∂p Icp-Xn-bmWv A\p-jvTm-\ß - ƒ sNøp-∂X - v. {]m¿∞n-°p-∂h - cpw
tbmKbpw {]mWm-bm-ahpw sNøp-∂-hcpw a{¥hpw ]qPbpw \S-Øp-∂-
hcpw F√mw Ah-cn¬\n∂v A\y-Ym-I-cn® Hcp kØ-bmbn I≠p-
sIm-≠mWv Bflm-t\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. H∂m-bn-cn-°p∂ kXysØ
c≠m°n hn`-Pn®v ho≠pw H∂m-°n-t®¿°p-hm≥th≠n a\p-jy≥ \S-
Øp∂ s]Sm-∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv Kpcp hyk-\-kz-cØ - n-emWv Cu
t«mI-Øns‚ Ah-km-\] - mZw Na-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. ]WvUn-X≥X≥ ]c-ac - -
lkyw B¿°pw Adn-bm≥ Ignbp∂n-√t√m! BcmWv ]WvUn-X≥?
sse{_-dn-bpsS Hgn™ tImWn-en-cp∂v alm-{K-Ÿß - ƒ hmbn-®p-Iq-´p-
Ibpw Zp¿{Kl-amb Imcy-߃ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp _p≤n-Po-hn-
sb-bmWv ]WvUn-Xs - \∂v kmam-\y-P\w Icp-Xp-∂X - v.
F∂m¬ Kpcp CØ-c° - msc ]c-hi - ∑- m¿ F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂X - v.
]WvUn-X≥ F∂-√. \ΩpsS tImtf-Pp-If - nepw A°m-Za - n-If
- nepw an°-
hmdpw B{i-a-ß-fnepw Cu ]c-h-i-∑m¿ A[--c-hym-bmaw sNøp-∂Xv
\Ωƒ ImWm-dp-≠v. ]t£, ]WvUn-X≥ F∂ hm°ns‚ t\cmb
A¿∞w A\p-`h - k- m-Ie - y-ap≈ ⁄m\n F∂m-Wv. ]c-aa - mb Adnhpw
Rm\pw c≠√ F∂ A\p-`h - sØ ]WvUm F∂p ]d-bpw. Aev]w-
t]mepw hn`m-Ko-bX - b- n-√mØ t_m[-amWv ]WvUm. Cu A\p-`hw hen-
b-he- nb ]Zm-he - n-If - n¬ tIm¿Øn-W°n samgn-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-
bp-Ib- n-√. au\-Øns‚ AKm-[a - mb Hcp Dƒsh-fn-®a
- m-Wn-X.v ]c-ac
- l
- kyw
F∂p ]d-bm≥ Imc-Wa - X- m-Wv. Hmtcm Poh-s‚bpw ]cn-Wmaw Cu ]c-
a-cl
- k- ysØ D≈dn-bp-∂X - n-te-°mWv th≠-Xv. F∂m¬ CXv Bcpw
a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√t√m F∂ Aev]w tJZw \nd™ Hcp kzchpw Cu
t«mI-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

64
{]Xn-hn-jbw {]Xn-_-‘-ta-dn- ta-hp˛
∂nXns\ \nP-kvar-Xnsb \ncm-I-cn°q
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm-e-XoX hnZym˛
\n[n sXfn-bp-∂n-Xn-\n√ \oXn-lm\n.

{]Xnhnjbw ˛ Hmtcm hnj-bhpw

{]Xn-_-‘-tadn tahp∂p ˛ Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-c-Øn\p
XS w \n¬°p∂p.
CXns\ ˛ Cu XS- sØ
\nP-kvar-Xnsb ˛ Bfl-kvar-Xn-sIm≠v
\ncm-I-cn°q ˛ X≈n-°-f-b-Ww.
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm¬ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ koa-b‰ Hm¿Ω-bm¬
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n ˛ F√m D]m-[n-Iƒ°pw AXo-Xa- mb
B\-µ-L-\-amb ⁄m\w
sXfn-bp∂p ˛ D≈n¬ sXfn-bp∂p.
CXn\v C√ \oXn-lm\n ˛ CXn¬ Abp-‡-ambn H∂p-an-√.

hkvXphpw hnj-bhpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-ap-≠v. hkvXp a\- ns‚

{]nbm-{]n-b-ß-fp-ambn Ie-cp-tºmƒ AXp hnj-b-am-bn. hnjbw hnjw-
t]m-se-bm-sW∂mWv AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\n-sb-t∏m-ep-≈h¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
Aßs\ ]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww, hnjbw \Ω-psS hmk-\sb apgp-h≥
DW¿Øn \sΩ I¿-tΩm-’p-I-cm-°pw. I¿Ωw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv,
Imay-hn-j-b-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ \nc-¥-c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. Hcp
hnjbw \ΩpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-te°p IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ B hnj-b-
tØmSp tN¿∂ At\Iw hnj-b-߃ Iq´w-Iq-´-ambn at\m-Z¿∏-W-
Øn-te°v X≈n-°-bdn hcpw. Hmtcm hnj-b-Nn-¥bpw ‘F\n-°mZyw
]q¿Øo-I-cWw \¬Iq’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv \sΩ Imay-
hn- j - b - Ø n- t e°p t{]cn- ∏ n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . Aßs\ Hcp
PohnXw apgp-h≥ hnj-b-Nn-¥-tbm-SptN¿∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn
\Ωƒ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-tºmƒ Pohn-X-Øns‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb e£yw ad-
∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
c≠p Xc-Øn-ep-ff kvarXn-Iƒ (memory) \Ω-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂p-≠v. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp kvarXn Xs∂-bmWv c≠p apJ-
ß-fn-te°p Xncn-™p-\n∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂v hnj-b-kvar-Xn-bpw,
thsdm∂v Bfl-kvar-Xn-bpw. Bfl-kvar-Xn-bn-eqsS am{Xta hnj-b-
kvar-Xnsb C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. hnj-b-kvarXn _‘-\-
Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. Bfl-kvarXn ap‡n-k-µm-b-I-am-Wv. Bflm-
hns‚ kvarXn-sbbmWv AXn-hn-i-Z-kvarXn F∂v Kpcp hnti-jn-∏n-
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F√m kvac-W-I-fp-tSbpw aqe-I-µ-amWv Bfl-k-Ø.
B Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬ {]m]-©n-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Hm¿Ω-I-
tfbpw kq£vaambn tImdn-bn-´n-´p-≠v. Iw]yq-´-dnse ssat{Im-Nn-∏p-
I-fn¬ saΩdn kq£n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWnXv.
ChnsS Cuiz-cs‚ akvXn-jvI-Øn-emWv CsX√mw tiJ-cn-°p-∂-
sX∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. Cu kvarXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv \Ωƒ AXn-cp-I-fn-
√mØ ⁄m\sØ Bflm-\-µ-ambn A\p-`-hn-®-dnbp-∂-Xv. sXfn-a-bp-
≈ Hcp Pohn-X-Øn\v thsd Hcp t]mwh-gnbpw C√. Bfl-\n-jvT-amb
km[\ A\p-jvTn-°W - w. F¥n-\mWv Aam-¥n-°p-∂Xv? hnj-bß - f
- psS
XS w hnj-b-Nn¥ D≈n-S-tØmfw am{Xta D≈q. ]ns∂ F\n°pw
Bflm-hn\pw CS-bn¬ Hcp a[y-h¿Øn C√. CXp X¿°-an-√mØ kwK-
Xn-bm-Wv.

65
Hcp Ipdn \ma-dn-bm-Ø-sXm-∂p-an-ßn˛
√pcp-a-d-hm-e-dn-ho-ep-W¿∂n-sX√mw
Adn-h-h-cn-√-Xn-c-‰-Xm-I-bm-eo˛
bcp-a-sb-bm-c-dn-bp-∂tlm! hnNn{Xw!

Hcp Ipdn ˛ Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°n-bm¬

\mw Adn-bm-ØXv ˛ \ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bmØ
H∂pw Cßv C√˛ H∂pw-Xs∂ temI-Øn¬ C√.
Dcp ad-hm¬ ˛ cq]-ß-fpsS ad ImcWw
CsX√mw ˛ Cu temI-hn-j-b-ß-sf-sb√mw
DW¿∂v Adn-hoe ˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øn¬ DW¿∂v \mw
Adn-bp-∂n√
AXn-c-‰-Xm-I-bm¬ ˛ A\-¥-hn-im-e-am-b-Xn-\m¬
Cu Acp-asb ˛ t{]a-kz-cq-]n-bmb Cu Bflm-hns\
Adn-h-h-cn√ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h¿ Bcpw C√Xs∂.
Bc-dn-bp∂p ˛ As√-¶n¬ CsXms° Bc-dn-bp∂p ?
Atlm! hnNn{Xw! ˛ A¤pXw \nd™ Cu A\p-`hw
Fs¥m-cp hnNn-{X-am-Wv!

_¿{Sm‚ v d -en-s\-t∏m-sebp-ff Nn¥-I-∑m¿ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-

kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw Adn-hns‚ i‡n-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-cpsS
Nn¥sb temPn-°¬ t]mkn-‰o-hnkw (logical positivism) F∂mWv
hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-{]-Imcw Cu temI-Øn-ep-ff F√m
Adn-hpIfpw Hcn-°¬ \ap°v Adn-™p-Xo¿°m≥ Ign-bpw. BIm-i-
Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ Fhn-sS--bmWv? {]]©w F¥n¬\n-∂mWv D≠m-
bXv? {]]-©-kr-jvSn°p ]n∂n¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Dt±-iyapt≠m? Cß-
s\-bp-≈ tNmZy-߃s°√mw Hmtcmtcm DØ-c-߃ ]co-£-W-ß-fn-
eq-tSbpw \nco-£-W-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw Is≠Øn B DØ-c-ß-sf-sb√mw
tN¿Øp-h®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ temIsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ]cn-¢n-
]vXn-bp-≈ Hcp DØcw In´p-sa∂pXs∂-bmWv temPn-°¬ t]mkn-
‰o-hn-kp-I-fpsS hnizm-kw. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp CXn-s\-sbmcp hnizm-k-
am-bn-´√ ImWp-∂-Xv. CXn-s\-sbmcp km[y-X-bm-bn-´mWv a\- n-em-
°p-∂-Xv.
Hcp a¨Xcnsb Adn-bm-sa-¶n¬ `qansb apgp-h≥ Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw
F∂p-≈Xv Hcp km[y-Xb - mWv. AXp hnNm-cn®v BcmWv `qan-bn-ep-ff
a¨X-cn-Is - f√mw FÆn-s∏-dp°n Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mIp-∂X - v. Aßs\
Bsc-¶nepw {ian-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXns\ apgpØ {`ms¥t∂ ]d-bm-
s\m-°p. Hcp Ipdn \mw Adn-bm-Øs - Xm-∂p-an-ßn√. Cßs\ Hcp ho£-
W-tIm-Wn¬\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ \ap-°-dn-bm-\m-Im-Ø-Xmbn Cu
temI-Øn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ C√ F∂mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X - v. ]t£, Cu
Adn-hn¬ Hcp XI-cm-dp-≠v. H∂ns\ thsdm-∂n¬\n∂pw thsd-th-sd-bm-
°n-bmWv \Ωƒ Adn-bp-∂X - v. AXn\p ImcWw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ \mw
Adn-bp-tºmƒ AXn\v Hcp cq]w Ds≠-∂p-ff - X - m-Wv. temIw F∂p ]d-
bp-∂Xv _lp-kl - {kw cq]-߃Xs∂-bm-W.v B cq]-߃s°√mw \ma-
߃ sImSp-°p-tºm-gmWv temI-hp-ambn \ap°v hyh-lc - n-°m≥ Ign-
bp-∂X - v. F√m \ma-cq-]ß- t- fbpw ka-\z-bn-®d - n-bp∂ Hcp kam-\m-[n-Ic - -
W-Xb - p-≠v. cq]-ßf - psS ad ImcWw Cu kam-\m-[n-Ic - W
- X - b
- n-te°v
a\- ns\ DW¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bm-dn-√. am{X-a√ Cu kam-
\m-[n-Ic
- WX Pohn-XØ - n-s‚-Xs∂ ]c-aa - mb A¿∞-am-Wv.
\nc-Xn-ib- a
- mb B\-µhpw t{]ahpw hgn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Acp-ab - mb
Cu Adn-hns\ Bcm-Wd - n-bp-∂Xv? A{Xbpw ⁄m\-]n-]m-kbpw kXym-
t\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpap≈ Hcmƒ°v Cu Acp-a-bpsS Aa-c-k-√m]w Km\-
]o-bq-ja- mbn A\p-`h- n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. tbmKn-If- psS NnØ-Øn¬ elcn
]I-cp∂ Cu A\p-`hw F{X hnNn-{X-amWv! F√m A¤p-X-ß-fn-te-
°pw-h®v alm-¤p-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bfl-\n¿hrXn Atlm! hnNn{Xw!

66
Cc apX-em-b-h-sb-∂p-an-{]-Imcw
hcp-an-\nbpw, hc-h-‰p-\n-ev]-tXIw
Adn-hXp, \ma-Xp-Xs∂ a‰p-sa-√m˛
hcp-a-Xp-X≥ hSn-hm¿∂p \n∂n-Sp-∂p.

Cc apX-em-bh ˛ kpJZpxJk-Ωn-{i-amb hnj-b-߃

F∂pw ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw
C{]-Imcw ˛ Ct∏m-g-sØ-t]m-se-Xs∂
hcp-an-\nbpw ˛ C\nbpw h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw
hc-h‰v \nev]Xv ˛ \n-›-e-ambn \n¬°p-∂Xv
GIw ˛ H∂p am{X-am-Wv.
Adnhv AXv ˛ GI-amb AXv Adn-hm-Wv.
\mw AXp-Xs∂ ˛ \mw B Adn-hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
a‰p F√m-hcpw ˛ a‰p≈ F√m-hcpw
AXp-X≥ ˛ B GI-amb Adnhns‚
hSn-hm¿∂v ˛ kzXzw ssIs°m≠v
\n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F√m Pohn-Ifpw P\n-°p-∂Xv hni-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hni∏v Hcp

Ima-am-Wv. hni∏v A·n-t]m-se-bmWv Pzen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Pzen-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ A·n-bn-te°v hnd-Ip-Iƒ C´p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ Ah
IØn-®m-ºe - m-Ipw. hni-∏m-Ip∂ A·nsb ian-∏n-°p-hm\pw Cc thWw.
]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Cc-Iƒ \ap°p thWw. Cu hnj-b-{]-]-©-sa√mw
\ΩpsS Ima-\-I-fpsS D]-i-a-\-Øn-\m-bp-≈ Cc-I-fm-Wv. i_vZ-kv]¿i-
cq-]-c-k-K-‘m-Zn-I-fmb Cc-Isf Xn∂mWv Poh≥ IqØm-Sp-∂-Xv.
Xn∂mepw Xn∂mepw Xocn-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw Cu hnj-b-߃ h∂p-
sIm≠ncn°pw.
F∂m¬ Cu ssPhn-I{- ]-{In-b° - ∏- p-dØv Hcp ssZhn-I{- ]-{In-bb
- p-
≠v. \nivvNe
- a
- mbn \n¬°p∂ km£n-kz-cq-]\ - mb Adn-hn-t\m-Sp≈ B`n-
apJyw P\n-°p-∂X - m-WX
- v. B Adnhv As√-¶n¬ Bfl-⁄m\w h∂p-
wt]mbpw Ccn-°p∂ Xc-Ønep-≈X-√. AXv GI-am-Wv. B GIw At\-
I-XIƒs°√mw Imc-Whpw A[n-jvTm-\h - p-am-Wv. Rm≥ B-cmWv? F∂
tNmZy-Øn\v Rm≥ GI-am-Wv, Rm≥ Adn-hp-Xs - ∂-bmWv F∂ DØ-c-
amWv e`n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu al-Ømb Adn-hns‚ {]kv^p-c-W-ß-fmWv
_m°n-bp-ff F√mw.

67
KW-\b - n¬\n∂p Ihn-™s - Xm∂p km[m˛
cW-anh c≠p-sam-gn-s™m-c-\y-cq]w
\n\-hn-ep-an-√Xp \n{Z-bn-¶epw ta˛
en\-\-K-c-Øn-ep-sa-ßp-an√ \q\w.

KW-\-bn¬ \n∂v ˛ C{µn-b-Øn-t‚bpw a\- n-t‚bpw

IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-Iƒ°v
Ihn-™Xv H∂v ˛ A∏pd-Øp-≈ H∂v.
km[m-cWw ˛ C{µn-b-߃sIm≠pw a\- p-
sIm≠pw KWn-®-dn-bm-hp∂ H∂v.
Ch c≠pw Hgn™ ˛ Ch c≠pw IqSmsX
Hcp A\y-cq]w ˛ thsd Fs¥-¶n-epw- X-c-Øn-ep≈
Hcp A-dnhv
\n\-hnepw C√ ˛ DW¿∆nepw C√,
CXp \n{Z-bn-¶epw ˛ Dd-°-Ønepw C√,
ta¬ C\-\-K-c-Ønepw ˛ kz]v\Ønepw C√.
Fßpw C√ ˛ Fhn-sSbpw C√.
\q\w ˛ CXp Xo¿®-bm-Wv.

Adn-hns‚ taJ-eI - sf c≠mbn ]Ip-Øp-h®v a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv

imkv{Xo-ba- mb Hcp coXn-bm-W.v Nne a\p-jy¿ kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]eXpw
Iq´n-°p-g®p kwkm-cn-°pw. Ah¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw Aß-s\-Xs - ∂-bm-W.v
At∏mƒ Aß- s \- b p- ≈ h- c psS Nn¥°v Hcp ASp°pw apdbpw
D≠m°ns°mSp-t°-≠Xv Kpcp-hns‚ [¿Ω-am-W.v Kpcp ]d-bp∂ Cu hn`-
P\w ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - cpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- m-W.v H∂v tkm]m-[n-Ia
- mb
Adnhv (relative knowledge). KW\ F∂ hm°p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ
 AXv shdpw IW-°p-Iq-´¬ am{X-a√ - . F√m-Øc - Ø- n-ep≈ C{µn-bm-\p-`h - -
ßfpw AXp-t]mse t_m[˛At_m-[˛A¿[-t_m-[{- ]-{In-bI - fpw ChnsS
]d-bp∂ KW-\b - psS ]cn-KW - \- b- n¬ hcp-∂X - m-W.v
At∏mƒ KW-\b - n¬s]Sp∂ Adnhv km[m-cW - a- m-W.v km[m-cW
Adnhv At\-Ia - m-W.v C\n ]d-bm≥t]m-Ip∂ Adnhv tbmKm-\p-`q-Xn-bn¬
ssIh-cp∂ tbmKn-bpsS sXfn-hp‰ D≈-am-W.v _p≤n-sIm≠v Nn¥nt®m
C{µn-bß - ƒsIm≠v KWnt®m Adn-bm-hp∂ KW-Øn¬ s]´-X√ Cu
Adn-h.v CXv F√m Adn-hnepw Ihn™ Adn-hm-W.v Im‚ v ]d-bp∂
transcendental knowledge - AXo-X⁄ - m\w Cu c≠v ]´n-Ib - n¬
s]Sm-ØX - mbn aq∂m-as - Xmcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw C√ F∂p Kpcp
JWvUn-Xa - mbn ]d-bp-∂p.
Nne aX-{K-Ÿß - f - n-sems° s]cp∏n®p ]d-™p-t]m-cmdp≈ hy‡n-
K-Xa- mb hn{`am-flI - a - mb (hallucinatory) A\p-`h - ß - s - f-t∏mepw km[m-
cW Adn-hns‚ KW-Ønte Kpcp s]Sp-Øn-bn-´p-ff - q. C°mcyw kwi-b-
te-ia - t\y \n߃°p kzoI-cn-°mw. C\-\K - cw F∂Xv kz]v\Ø - ns‚
t- em-Ia - m-Wv. a\ v F{X k¶-ev]n-®mepw AsX√mw km[m-cW Adnhp
am{X-am-Wv. At∏mƒ KW-\b - n¬\n∂pw KW-\m-Xo-Xa - mbn t_m[sØ
Db¿Øn-sb-SpØv \ncp-]m-[n-Ia - mb ⁄m\-kº - ∂- X - b - n¬ Pohn-°p-∂-
h\v temIw _‘-\a - √ - . hnjm-ZØ - nt\m \ncm-ibvt°m hiw-hZ- \ - m-tI≠
Imcy-an-√. kwK-cl - n-Xa - mbn Ah\p Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
68
Ac-h-h-Sm-Ir-Xn-t]m-e-l-¥ -c-≠m˛
bdn-hn-ep-aw-Kn-bnepw IS-°-bmte
Hcp Ipdn-bmcy-bn-Xn-ß-\m-cy-bm-Ip˛
s∂mcp-I-pdn-sb-∂p-W-tc-W-aq-l-imen.

Ac-h-h-Sm-Ir-Xn-t]m¬ ˛ Ib-dns‚ BIm-csØ ]mºmbn

sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
Al¥ ˛ Poh≥
c≠mbv ˛ c≠p [mc-bmbn
Adn-hnepw ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn-te°pw
AwKn-bnepw ˛ A\m-fl-k-Ø-bn-te°pw
IS-°-bmte ˛ Htc-t]mse {]th-in-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Hcp Ipdn ˛ Bfl-h-i-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ
Bcy ˛ ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂
Adn-hmbpw
Hcp Ipdn ˛ A\m-fl-h-i-Øp-\n∂pw
t\m°p-tºmƒ
CXv Cßv ˛ CXv ChnsS
A\m-cy-bm-Ip∂p ˛ _‘-Im-c-W-ambpw Xocp∂p.
F∂v ˛ F∂Imcyw
Dul-imen ˛ a\-\-io-e≥
DW-tcWw ˛ A\m-flm-hn¬\n∂pw Bflm-hn-
te°p DW¿∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww.

Hm tcm Ip™pw ChnsS P\n®phogp-tºmƒ c≠p Xc-Øn-ep-ff

km[y-XI - ƒ Ah-\n¬ h∂p `hn-°m≥ CS-bp-≠v. H∂p-In¬ Ah≥
sX‰mb Adn-hns‚ taml-he - b- Ø
- n¬ Ipcpßn IjvS\ - j- Sv ß- f- psS IW-
°p-Iƒ ]d™v Pohn-°p∂ kmam-\y-P\ - ß - f - n¬ Hcp-h\ - m-bn-Øo-cpw. As√-
¶n¬ Ah≥ ]c-a] - p-cp-jm¿∞-amb ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Adn-hns\
kzoI-cn®v B am¿§-Øn-eqsS Ncn®v ]q¿Æ\pw kzX-{¥-\p-am-bn-Øo-cpw.
Cu c≠p hgn-Ifpw \ΩpsS apºn¬ Ds≠-¶nepw GXp Xncs™-Sp-°-
W-sa∂ \n›bw hcp-Øp∂Xv \Ω-fpsS AXp-hs - c-bp-≈ Pohn-XØ - ns‚
kz`mhw A\p-kc - n-®m-bn-cn-°pw.
Hmtcm Ip™pw P\n-°p-∂Xv Iptd ]q¿∆-ka v c- W
- I - f- p-am-bn-´mWv. B
kvac-WI - ƒ \ΩpsS km[m-cW kvac-WI - ƒt]mseb√. Ahy-‡X - e
- -
Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ t{]c-W-I-fm-Wv. At∏mƒ AXns\ hmk\
F∂mWv hnfn-°p-I. hmk-\b - psSIqsS \ΩpsS Hmtcm Znh-ksØ Pohn-
X-kw-kIv c - W
- h
- pw-IqSn tN¿°-s∏-Spw. At∏mƒ hmk-\bpw kwkvIm-chpw
Hcp hy‡n-bmb F∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ Rm≥ ]c-
aamb Adn-hn-te°v Xncn™v A[n-jT v m-\k- X - ysØ Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßp-
∂Xv Bcy-bm-W.v As√-¶n¬ t{ijvTa - mb H∂m-W.v
F∂m¬ {]nbm-{]n-b-ß-fpsS I¿XrXzw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-≈ AwKn-bn-
emWv Rm≥ h¿Øn-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ AXv A\m-cybmb Adn-hm-Wv. CXp
t_m[n-∏n-®p-X-cp-hm≥ th≠n thZm-¥n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈ Hcp
ZrjvSm-¥-sØ-bmWv Kpcp ChnsS amXr-I-bmbn FSp-Øn-´p-≈Xv. Nne¿
shfn-®-°p-d-hp-sImt≠m at‰m Npcp-≠p-IqSn InS-°p∂ Ibdp ImWp-
tºmƒ AXp ]mºm-sW∂p \n\®p `b-hn-lz-√-cm-Im-dp-≠v. Ib-dn¬
]mºns\ ImWp-∂Xv Adnhp Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXv Chn-S-sØ
kµ¿`-Øn¬ A\m-cy-bm-Wv. \mw {]m]-©n-I-Zr-iy-ß-fn¬ kXysØ
Z¿in- ° p- t ºmƒ B Adnhv A\m- fl - I - a m- W v . F∂m¬ Ib- d n¬
]mºns\ I≠ B BƒXs∂ shfn®w hcp-tºmƒ Ib-dn¬ I≠
]mºns\ \ncm-I-cn®v Ib¿ F∂ kXysØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. CXv
Bcy-bm-Wv. \ap°pw {]]-©-Zr-iy-ßsf \ncm-Icn®v A[n-jvTm-\-amb
Bfl-k-Øsb km£m-XvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. C°mcyw Cu t«mI-
Øns‚ LS-\sb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.
 69
{ipXn apXemw XpcKw sXmSp-sØm-cm-fl-˛
{]Xn-a-sbgpw Ic-W-{]-ho-W-\mfpw
cXn-c-Y-ta-dn-b-l¥ cay-cq]w
{]Xn ]pdta s]cp-am-dn-Sp-∂-P{kw.
{ipXn apXemw ˛ C{µn-b-ß-fnsem∂mb sNhn
apX-emb
XpcKw sXmSpØv ˛ IpXn-c-Isf ]q´n
Hcp Bfl-{]-Xn-a-sbgpw ˛ Bflm-hns‚ {]Xna Fgp-∂≈p∂
IcW{]ho-W≥ Bfpw ˛ a\-s ∂ kmcYn \nb-{¥n-
°p-∂-Xp-amb
cXn-c-Y-tadn ˛ cXn-bm-Ip∂ cY-Øn¬ Ibdn
Al¥ ˛ Al¥
]pdta ˛ ]pd-Øp-≈
cay-cq]w{]Xn ˛ kpJ-hn-j-b-߃s°m∏w
AP{kw ˛ ho≠pw ho≠pw
s]cp-am-dn-Sp∂p ˛ Np‰nØn-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

PohnXw Hcp bm{X-bm-Wv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw B bm{Xbn¬

]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Cu bm{X XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Ft∂m kw`-hn® Hcp
A⁄m-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. Fhn-sS-tbm-h®v Rms\s∂ ad-∂p-t]m-bn.
F{X Hm¿Ωn-®n´pw Fhn-sS-bmWv Rm≥ Ccn-°p-∂-sX∂v F\n-°-dn-
bm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Ahn-sS-\n-∂mWv \mw bm{X Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.
Aßs\ Hcp bm{X-bpsS ca-Wo-b-amb Hcp Nn{XoI-c-W-amWv Cu
t«mIw. \mw bm{X sNøm≥ Hcp hml\sØ B{i-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. cXn-
cYw F∂mWv B hml-\-Øns‚ t]cv. AXnse k©m-cn-bm-bn-cn-
°p∂ Rm≥ {]Xna IW-s°-bmWv Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xna Poh-\m-Wv.
Bflm-hns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_-cq-]-amWv Poh≥. Rm≥ {]Xn-a-bm-bn-S-Øp-
\n-∂mWv F\n°v bm{X sNtø≠nh∂-Xv.
Fs‚ cY-Øn\p A©p IpXn-cI - ƒ D≠v. ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - f- m-Ip∂
A©v IpXn-c-Iƒ. Gsd {]ho-W-\mb a\-s ∂ Ic-W-amWv IpXn-c-
I-fpsS ISn-™m¨ ]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂X- v. ]t£ IpXn-cI- ƒ°m-Is´ kpJ-
hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ IpXn-®p-]m-bm-\mWv hy{K-X. kpµ-c-cq-]-ßfpw arZp-
kv]¿i-ßfpw lrZy-amb cpNn-Ifpw hmk-\-Ifpw I¿Æm-\-µ-I-c-amb
i_vZ-ßfpw C{µn-b-ßsf -c-an-∏n®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂mWv Cu
bm{X°v Hcp Adp-Xn-bp≈Xv? Rm≥ F∂nse Fs∂ Adn-b-Ww.
Rm≥ thsd Fhn-sS-bp-a√ - . Rm≥ F∂n-em-sW∂v Adn-bW - w. At∏mƒ
bm{X Ah-km-\n-®p. Bflm-hn¬ Rm≥ \n›-e-\m-Ipw. F∂nse Ima-
\-IfpsS Xo AW-bpw. IpXn-c-Ifpw tXcm-fnbpw cY-N-{I-ßfpw aqS¬a-
™n¬ kqcy-In-cW - ß
- ƒ Gev°p-tºmƒ Aen-™p-t]m-Ip-∂X - p-t]mse
Xntcm-`-hn-°pw.

70
Hcp cXn- X-s∂-b-l-¥-bn-{µn-bm¥x
Ic-W-I-tf-_-c-sam-∂n-sXm-s°-bmbn
hncn-bp-an-Xn∂p hncm-a-saßp thdm˛
adn-h-h-s\-∂-dn-thm-f-tam¿Øn-tS-Ww.
Hcp cXn-Xs∂ ˛ Htc Hcp B\µw Xs∂-bmWv
Al¥ ˛ A-l-¥-bmbpw
C{µnb ˛ C{µn-b-ßfpw
A¥x-I-cW ˛ A¥°-c-W-ßfpw
Itf-_cw ˛ ico-chpw
F∂n-sXm-s°-bmbn ˛ F∂n-h-sb√mw Bbn
hncnbpw ˛ thsd-th-sd-bmbn Xo¿∂n-Sp∂Xv.
thdmw Adn-h-h≥ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h-\mb Rm≥ thsd
F∂-dn-thmfw ˛ F∂p a\- n-em-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw
CXn∂p ˛ Cu \m\m-Xz-{`-a-Øn\p
hncm-a-saßv? ˛ hncm-a-sa-ßs\ D≠m-Im-\mWv?
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ \∂mbn C°mcyw Hm¿Ω thWw.

B\µw Ht∂-bp-≈q. AXv Bflm-\-µ-am-Wv. Bflm-hns\

am{Xta B\-µØ - ns‚ t{kmX- mbn Adn-bm≥ ]mSp-≈q. thsd F√mw
I]-S-t{km-X- p-I-fm-Wv. anYym-Xzw-sIm-≠mWv \Ωƒ Atßm´v Hen-
®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. hy‡n-i-co-c-Øn\v D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS am{X-amWv Adn-
bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. Al-¥, A¥°-c-W-߃, C{µn-b-߃, icocw
CsX√mw hy‡n-]-c-amb D]m-[n-I-fm-Wv. Hmtcm a\p-jy-\nepw Cu
D]m-[n-Iƒ°v hyXym-ka - p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Nne Bfp-If- psS IÆp-Iƒ°v
\√ ImgvN-i-‡n-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ thsdm-cmƒ°v h¿Æ-ßsf Xncn-®-
dn-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Nne¿°v F√mw Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®-dnbm-\m-Ipw. a‰p
Nne¿°m-Is´ F{X tI´mepw a\- n-em-hp-I-bn-√. CXv Bflm-hns‚
tZmjw-sIm-≠√ - . Bflm-hns\ ad-®p-h® - n-cn-°p∂ D]m-[n-If
- psS tZmjw-
sIm-≠m-Wv. D]m-[n-Iƒ°v Cu tZmjw ssIh-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS
hnI-ea - mb I¿Ω-߃sIm-≠m-W.v At∏mƒ I¿Ω-Øn¬ ip≤o-Ic - Ww
sIm≠p-hc - W
- w. D]m-[n-If
- psS tZmjsØ Xo¿Øv Bfl-kz-cq-]sØ Fß-
s\tbm Aß-s\-Xs∂ ImW-Ww.
 Htc-sbmcp B\µw am{Xta D≈q. Bflmhv Ht∂-bp-≈q-sh-¶n¬
B\-µhpw ]e-Xm-Im≥ CS-bn-√. D]m-[n-t`-Zw-sIm≠p am{X-amWv hnj-
b-t`m-K-Øn-\p-ff Xzc hcp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ ImcWw Kpcp shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂Xv A\p-`-hn-°p∂ hnj-bhpw A\p-t`m-‡mhpw thsd-th-sd-bm-
sW∂v Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. Bflm-\-µ-Øn¬ Cu th‰p-a-bn-√.
hnj-b-t`m-K-ØnemWv t`Zw hcp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v F√m t`mK-
߃°pw Hcp AdpXn hcp-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ Bfl-cXn H∂p am{X-amWv
kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q F∂ A\p-`-h-\njvT B¿÷n-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

71
kh-\-sam-gn™p ka-Xz-am¿∂p \nev]o˛
eh-\n-bn-em-cp-a-\mZn eoe-bt{X
Ahn-c-f-am-Ip-an-Xm-I-th-b-dn-™m˛
eh-\-Xn-c‰ kpJw `hn-®n-Sp-∂p.

kh-\-sam-gn™v ˛ P\-\hpw ac-Whpw C√msX

Ah-\n-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
Bcpw ˛ Bcpw-Xs∂
ka-Xz-am¿∂p ˛ \n›-e-amb \ne-bn¬
\nev]oe ˛ \n¬°p-∂n√.
A\m-Zn-eo-e-bt{X ˛ P\-\hpw ac-Whpw Pohn-Xhpw
BZn-bn-√m-sØmcp eoe-bm-Wv.
Ahn-cf-amIpw ˛ apS-°-an-√msX \S-°p∂
CXv BIth ˛ Cu {]{In-b-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambpw
Adn-™m¬ ˛ B\p-`q-Xn-I-ambn Adn-™m¬
Ah\v ˛ B ⁄m\n°v
AXn-c‰ ˛ AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ
kpJw ˛ ]c-am-\µw
`hn-®n-Sp-∂p ˛ e`n-°p∂p.

`mK-hX - `- ‡
- ∑
- m¿ {]]-©sØ `K-hms‚ eoe-bm-bn-´mWv Z¿in-°p-
∂-X.v `K-hm≥ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-™n-s\-t∏mse {]]-©c - N
- \ \SØn Ifn-
°p-∂p. B `K-hms‚ Nmb-°q-´p-If - n¬\n∂pw Dcphw sIm≈p∂ \mw
Pohn-XsØ Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n®v sIm≠p-hc - ptºm-tg°pw `K-hm≥ ]pXnb Nmb-
߃ tX®v \sΩ ambv®p-If - b
- pw. AhnsS thsdmcp Nn{Xw hc-b° v pw.
{]]-©k - r-jvSn°v Hcp tkmt±-iy-Xb - p-s≠∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw AsX-¥m-
sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ XØz-Nn-¥m-hn-`m-Kß - f - p-≠.v
F∂m¬ Aßs\ Hcp e£yhpw C√ F∂pw hmZn-°p-∂h - c
- p-≠.v
 Cu c≠p KW-Ønepw \mcm-b-W-Kpcp ]d-bp∂ A\m-Zn-eo-esb
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn-√. \sΩ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A\m-Zn-
eo-e-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \Ωƒ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-´n-√. AXp-sIm≠v B
eoe-bn¬ Dƒt®-cpI F∂p-≈-XmWv \ΩpsS kp\n›n-X-amb Dt±-iyw.
Aßs\ {]]-©-eo-e-bn¬ Dƒt®-cp-∂-Xn¬ XS w \n¬°p∂ hy‡n-
K-X-amb Al-¥sb \n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøm-\p-≈ {iaw \mw \S-tØ-
≠-Xm-Wv. {]k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv kh\w F∂v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Cu
{]I-c-W-Øn¬ Bflm-hn-emWv {]k-h-߃ \S-°p-∂-Xv. {]k-hn-°pI
am{X- a - √ , {]Xn- { ]- k - h n- ° p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p- ≠ v . GsXmcp K¿`-
Øn¬\n∂pw H∂v PmX-amtbm B K¿`m-i-b-Øn-te-°p-Xs∂ AXns\
Xncn-s®-Sp-°p-∂X - n-s\-bmWv {]Xn-{]-khw F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. {]k-hhpw
{]Xn-{]-k-hhpw Fs∂∂pw Bflm-hn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Hcp apSn-hp-an-√.
]n.Un Hukvs]≥kvIn F∂ Nn¥-Is‚ {]kn-≤-amb Hcp {KŸ-
amWv Tertium Organum. At±lw djy-bn¬ P\n® Hcp anÃn-°mb
Kp¿Pn-^ns‚ injy\m-Wv. Hukvs]≥kvIn ]q¿Æ-tØbpw (whole)
Awi-tØbpw (part) kw_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp XØz-hn-Nmcw Cu {KŸ-
Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. ]q¿Æw F∂m¬ AXn¬ At\Iw Awi-߃
D≠m-Imw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp cq]bn¬ \qdp ss]k-Iƒ tN¿∂ncn-
°p∂p. \qdp ss]k-Iƒ tN¿Øp-h-®m¬ Hcp cq]-bmIpw F∂p-≈Xv
\ΩpsS km[m-cW KW-\-bm-Wv. Cu KW\ \Ω-fpsS Nn¥-bn¬
Fs∂∂pw hmkvX-h-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
F∂m¬ Bflm-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu KW\ hne-t∏m-
Ip-∂n-√. FÆ-a‰ \ma-cq-]ß - f- mWv {]]©w F∂p ]dbmw. AXv At\-
I-am-Wv. GI-amb Bflm-hmWv Cu \ma-cq-]-߃°v A[n-jvTm-\w.
F∂m¬ F√m \ma-cq-]-ß-tfbpw Iq´n-h-®mepw Bflm-hns‚ ]q¿ÆX
In´p-I-bn-√. \ma-cq-]-ßsf \ncm-I-cn®v ]q¿Æ-amb Bflm-hns\
H∂mbn Adn-b-Ww. AXns\-bmWv A¥¿⁄m\w F∂p ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahn-c-f-am-Ip∂ Cu kh-\-{]-
{In-b-Isf BIth Adn-bWw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ Ah≥
]c-am-\-µ-Øns‚ koa-b‰ thyma-Øn¬ aXn-a-d∂mÀm-Zn-°p-∂p.

72
{Inb-sbmcp Iqdn-X-hnZy; tIhew Nn˛
∑bn adp-Iq-dnXp hnZy; amb-bmte
\nb-X-an-Xn-ßs\ \nev°n-epw ]ncn-™˛
±zb-]-c-`m-h\ Xpcy-ta-In-Sp∂p.
{Inb Hcp Iqdv ˛ Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ
{Inb-Iƒ \S-°p-∂p.
CXv AhnZy ˛ CXv Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
adp Iqdv ˛ CXns‚ FXn¿h-i-Øp-\n∂pw
t\m°n-bm¬
tIhew Nn∑bn ˛ GI-amb Adn-hns‚ \ndhp am{Xw.
CXv hnZy ˛ CXv hnZy-bm-Wv.
amb-bmte ˛ amb ImcWw
CXv Cßs\ ˛ hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw Cßs\
\nbXw ˛ F∂pw
]ncn-™p-\n-ev°nepw ˛ thdn´p \n¬°p-sa-¶nepw
B Zzb-]-c-`m-h\ ˛ hnZy, AhnZy F∂ ssZz-X-Øn-\-
∏p-dØp≈ Bfl-t_m-[sØ
[ym\n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
Xpcy-ta-In-Sp∂p ˛ Xpco-bm-\p-`qXn D≠m-Ip∂p.

a\p-jy≥ Fs¥√mw sshhn-[y-ap≈ I¿Ω-ß-fmWv sNbvXp-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv! Hcp arK-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ C{X-am{Xw k¶o¿Æ-X-
Iƒ H∂pw ImWp-∂n√. a\p-jy≥ {Inb-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv ^tem-t±-iy-
tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ipd®p kpJ-Øn¬\n∂v IqSp-X¬ kpJ-amWv F√m
I¿Ω-ß-fp-tSbpw e£yw. Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°sf kwkvI-cn-°-W-
sa-¶n¬ AXn¬ a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ A≤zm-\sØ sNep-tØ-≠-Xm-bn-
´p≠v. Aß-s\-bmWv imkv{Xw Hmtcmtcm I≠p-]n-SnØ-߃ \S-Øn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Imep-sIm≠p \S-°m-hp∂ a\p-jy≥ Imdpw hnam-
\hpw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xpw \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-ØXpw {Inb-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. kpJ-
Øn-\p-th≠n {Inb-Iƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Ahn-Zy- ImcW-am-
Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ kpJw {Inb-IfpsS kz`m-h-a-√. Bflm-hns‚ kz`m-
h-am-Wv. Bflm-hns‚ kz`m-ha - m-bn-cn-°p∂ kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n IW-°n-
√msX {Inb-Iƒ sNbvXpIq´n-bn-s´¥p Imcyw?
AXp-sIm≠v bmK-ßfpw b⁄-ßfpw AXp-t]m-sebp≈ A\p-
jvTm-\-ßfpw Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-c-Øn\p t{]m’m-l-\o-b-ß-f-√. i¶-
cm-Nm-cy¿ ⁄m\-sØ-bmWv I¿Ω-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv Bfl-km-[-I-
ambn ImWp-∂-Xv. ⁄m\-e-_v[n-°p-th≠n I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS
⁄m\-I¿Ω-k-ap-®-b-tZmjw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v i¶m-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-bp-
∂p. I¿Ω-ß-fpsS adp-]p-d-ambn hcp-∂Xv ⁄m\-am-Wv. Nn∑-b-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ t_m[sØ Adn-bp-∂-XmWv ChnsS hnZy F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
hnZy Hcp ⁄m\-{]-{In-b-bm-Wv. AXv B¥-cn-I-ambn Adn-tb≠ H∂m-
Wv. AXn\p I¿Ω-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. Cßs\ hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw
c≠mbn ]ncn-™p-Xs∂ Ft∏mgpw \n¬°p-∂p. Ch c≠pw amb-bpsS
A[o-\-X-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. Pohs‚ kwXp-e-\m-hÿ°v hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw ]c-kv]cw klm-b-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-sa-¶nepw ]q¿Æ-amb
Bflm-\p-`-h-Øn\v Cu Zzµz-tØbpw D√w-Ln-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v.
Aßs\ Hcp Zzb-]-c-`m-h-\-bmWv Xpco-bm-\p-`q-Xn-bn-te°v \sΩ \bn-
°p-∂-Xv.

73
Hcp s]mcp-fn-¶-e-t\-I-ap-≠-t\Iw
s]mcp-fn-sem-c¿∞-hp-sa∂ _p≤n-bmte
Adn-hn-e-S-ßp-a-t`-Z-am-bn-sX-√m˛
hcp-a-dn-ho-e-Xn-tKm-]-\o-b-am-Ipw.

Hcp s]mcp-fn-¶¬ ˛ Hcp kØ-bn¬

At\-I-ap≠v ˛ At\Iw cq]-t`-Z-߃ kw`-hn-°p∂p.
At\Iw s]mcp-fn¬ ˛ At\Iw cq]-t`-Z-ß-fn¬
Hcp A¿∞-hpw ˛ Hcp A¿∞ambpw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p.
F∂ _p≤n-bmte ˛ Cu ⁄m\-ap-≠m-bm¬
At`-Z-ambn ˛ cq]-t`-Z-ß-sf√mw t]mbn
Adn-hn-e-Sßpw ˛ Adn-hns‚ GIm-fl-I-X-bn¬
- F√mw hne-bn-°pw.
CXv ˛ Cu Z¿i\w
F√m-hcpw Adn-hoe ˛ F√m-h¿°pw a\- n-em-°m≥
Ign-bp-∂n-√.
AXn-tKm-]-\o-b-amIpw ˛ CXp Xo¿Øpw cl-ky-amb
⁄m\-am-Wv.

`uXn-I-imkv{Xw {]]-©-Øns‚ kØsb At\z-jn®p sN∂-

t∏mƒ AXp am‰¿ BsW∂p a\- n-em°n. Htc-sbmcp am‰¿ Cu
{]]-©-Ønse sshhn-≤y-ßsf ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWv P-\n-∏n-®Xv?
_lp-hn-[-amb ssPh-ssh-hn-≤y-ß-fn¬ F√mw Htc-sbmcp am‰¿
Xs∂-bmWv Ccn-°p-∂-sX∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ \mw X¿°w ]d-bm-dn-√.
F∂m¬ temI-Ønse aX-߃ {]]-©-Øns‚ {kjvSm-hmbn AZr-
iy-amb Htc-sbmcp Cuiz-cs\ {]Io¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Nne¿ AXn¬
Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw Nne¿ Aan-X-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jØv XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ PK-Øn-se√mw
Cui≥ Bh-kn-°p-∂p-s≠∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv. Cu Zm¿i-\n-I{- ]-
tl-fn-Isb \ap°v Xo¿°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv, ]c-aamb Imc-W-Øn¬
\n∂mWv Cu temIw D≠m-bs - X∂pw FÆ-a‰ krjvSn-Pm-eß- f- n-se√mw
B ]c-aI - m-cWw A¿∞-ambn Ccn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Adn-bp-∂X - n-eqsS
Hcp ka-\z-b_- p≤n ssIh-cn-°p∂-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. GIhpw At\-Ihpw
F∂p≈ Nn¥-t]mepw Ah-km\w Adn-hn¬ hneo-\a - m-Ipw.
Adnhp am{Xta F√m AkvXn-X-Iƒ°pw Dd-hn-S-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≈q.
F√m-h¿°pw Cu XØzw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bm-ØXv F¥psIm-≠mWv?
Kpcp ]d-bp∂p: CXv tKm]y-am-sW-∂v. CXn-semcp cl-ky-kz-`m-h-ap-
≠v. hmk-\-bpsS i‡n-bmb X≈n-®-aqew Bfl-_p≤n sXfn-™p-In-
´m≥ hfsc {]bm-ka - p-≈X
- p-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp CXv tKm]-\o-ba - m-sW∂p
]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ømepw _p≤n-sIm≠v a\- n-em-°m-sa-∂-
√msX A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS Xe-Øn¬ hc-W-sa-¶n¬ hmk-\m-£bw
D≠mbn Bfl-tN-X-\-bn¬ \njvT D≠m-I-Ww.

74
s]mSn-sbm-cp-`q-hn-e-kw-Jy-a-s∏m-Sn-°pƒ˛
s∏Sp-samcp `qhn-Xn-\n√ `n∂-`mhw;
PU-a-a-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse NnØnepw Nn˛
ØpS-en-ep-an-ßn-Xn-\m-en-tXm¿°n-teIw.

s]mSn ˛ s]mSn
Hcp `qhn¬ ˛ Cu `qan-bn¬
AkwJyw ˛ FÆ-a-‰-XmWv.
B s]mSn°v Dƒs∏Spw ˛ B s]mSn-bpsSsb√mw
D≈m-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp `qhv ˛ Htc-sbmcp `qan
CXn-\n√ `n∂-`mhw ˛ `qan-bn¬\n∂p thdn´v s]mSnt°m -
s]mSnbn¬\n∂p thdn´v `qant°m
D◊-bn-√.
AXp-t]mse ˛ AXp-t]mse
PUw NnØnepw Aa-cp∂p˛ PUw NnØn¬ D≈-en-bp∂p,
NnØv DS-enepw ˛ NnØv PU-amb DS-enepw
D≈-en-bp∂p
Cßv CXn-\m¬ ˛ CXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ChnsS
Hm¿°n¬ ˛ a\\w sNbvXp t\m°n-bm¬
CXv ˛ NnØpw PUhpw
GIw ˛ H∂mWv.

Cu `qan apgp-h\pw s]mSn-sIm≠v IpØn-\n-d-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Fs¥√mw Xc-Øn-ep≈ s]mSn-Iƒ? B[p-\n-Ii - mkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂Xv
]c-at- c-Wp-°ƒ- sIm≠mWv {]]-©w- \n¿Ωn-Xa
- m-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂m-W.v Ce-
Ivt{SmWpw t{]mt´mWpw \yqt{SmWpamWv Hcp B-‰-Øns‚ DƒL-S-
I-߃. Cß-s\-bp≈ FÆ-a‰ B‰-߃ {]]-©-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p-
tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Kpcp ChnsS `qan-bnse s]mSnsb DZm-l-cn®p
]d-bp-tºmƒ hfsc hni-Z-amb A¿∞-Øn-emWv AXns\ a\- n-em-
t°-≠-Xv. Ipih≥ Hcp IpSw D≠m-°n-bm¬ AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn® Ifn-
aÆv s]mSn-bm-Wv. B IpSw apgp-h≥ s]mSn-bmWv. B s]mSn-bn-se√mw
IpSw Ccn-°p-∂p. IpS-Øn\v BIm-csØ \¬Ip-∂Xv s]mSn-bm-Wv.
s]mSnsb hn´v IpS-Øn\ncn-°mt\m IpS-sØ-hn´v s]mSn°ncn-°mt\m
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Atßm´pw Ctßm´pw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ahÿ
Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS Poh-\nepw D≈-Xv. \mw a\- n-t\bpw ico-c-
tØbpw Nne-t∏m-sgms° c≠m°n a\- n-em-°n-t∏m-cm-dp-≠v.
sds\ sU°m¿´v F∂ ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥-I-\mWv a\- n-t\bpw ico-
c-tØbpw ]ncn-®p-h®v Nn¥-bvs°mcp cq]-`-{ZX sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ {ian-
®-Xv. F∂m¬ sU°m¿´ns‚ Nn¥ tcmKm-Xp-c-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øn-
te-°mWv a\p-jys\ \bn-®-Xv. a\ pw ico-chpw cs≠∂p [cn-°p-
∂-Xn-eqsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ Akw-Xp-en-Xm-hÿ XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn. AXp-
sIm≠v Kpcp NnØpw PUhpw F∂p≈ hn`m-Ko-b-X-Iƒ Hcn-°epw
kw`-hn-®n-´n-√- F∂pw PU-Øn¬ NnØ-a¿∂n-cn-°p-Ibpw NnØn¬ PU-
a-a¿∂n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-s≠∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Imev]-\n-I-ambn
a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-® t`Z_p-≤n-I-sf-sb√mw Kpcp ka-{K-ambn ka-\z-
bn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv ChnsS sNøp-∂-Xv.

75
{]IrXn Pew X\p t^\-am-gn-bm-flm˛
hl-a-l-sa-∂-e-bp-∂-Xq¿Ωn-Pmew
AI-a-e-cm¿∂-dn-shms° apØp-Xm≥ Xm≥
\pI-cp-h-Xm-a-ar-Xm-b-Xnßp \q\w.

{]IrXn Pew ˛ {]IrXn Pe--kam\amWv.

X\p t^\w ˛ ico-c-߃ sh≈-°p-an-f-Iƒ
t]mse-bm-Wv.
Bgn Bflm ˛ Bflm-hn\p kmK-c-Øns‚
kz`m-h-am-Wv.
Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂v
Ae-bp-∂Xv ˛ e£y-an-√msX Ae-bp-∂Xv
Du¿Ωn-Pmew ˛ Xcw-K-\n-c-I-fmWv
AI-a-e-cm¿∂ ˛ Bfl-kq-\-ambn hncn™
Adn-shms° ˛ Adn-hp-I-sf√mw
apØp-Xm≥ ˛ ]c-am-Àm-Z-I-c-amb apØp-IfmWv.
Xm≥ Aar-Xm-b-Xnßv ˛ Hcp-h≥ Ahsb Aar-X_nµp-°-
fmbn ChnsS
\pI-cp-hXmw \q\w ˛ Xo¿®-bmbpw \pIcp∂p.
D]-a-I-fn-eq-tSbpw _nw_-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw
kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv temIØv Fhn-sS-bp-ap≈ ]ucm-Wn-I-amb B≤ym-
fln-I-kw-ln-X-I-fpsS Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. B ]ucm-Wn-I-kw-kvIr-
Xn-bpsS IÆn apdn-bmØ irwJ-esb {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNøp∂ \mcm-
b-W-Kp-cphpw D]-a-I-fn-eq-sSX-s∂-bmWv Bflm-t\z-j-I-\n¬ Aar-
X-h¿jw sNmcn-bp-∂-Xv. Bflmhv Bgn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bgn Htc-k-
abw Bg-ap-≈Xpw A\-¥-hp-am-Wv. Cu Ah-\n-bn¬ Bgn-tb-°mƒ
t{ijvT-amb Hcp D]-asb thsd Hcp hkvXp-hnepw Z¿in-°m-\m-hp-
∂n-√. B Bgn-bnse Pew-t]m-se-bmWv {]Ir-Xn.
Pe-amWv Bgn°v kØ-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B Pew Ipan-f-Iƒ°v
cq]w sImSp-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWp∂ sshhn-[y-
am¿∂ ico-cß - f- mbn ImW-Ww. \nc-\n-cb - mbn Ae-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Xcw-KP- m-eß- ƒ Al-¥b - m-Wv. Xcw-K\ - n-cI- ƒ F¥mWv At\z-jn-°p-
∂Xv? Ah Ic-bn-te°v HmSn-b-W™v kzbw X√n-Ø-I¿∂v IS-
en¬Xs∂ Xncn®phne-bn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv ‘Alw’ hnj-b-
߃°p ]n∂mse Ae-™p-Xn-cn™v kzbw `·m-i-\mbn Bflm-
hn¬Xs∂ h∂phne-bn-°p-∂X - v. Kpcp-hns‚ IrXn-If - n¬ apgp-h≥ IS-
en-s‚ Nn{X-߃ ho≠pw ho≠pw {]Xy-£s - ∏´p ImWm-dp-≠.v Kpcp A{X-
am-{Xw IS-ens\ ASp-Ød - n-™n-cn-°W - w. B IS-en-\S- n-bn¬ apØp-Iƒ
Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬\n∂pw t\m°n-bm¬ ImWn-√.
BgØn-te°p t]mI-Ww. At∏mƒ apØp-If - psS IÆ-©n-°p∂ Ie-
h-d-bn¬ \Ωƒ FØn-t®cpw . AXp-t]mse Bflm-hns‚ Bg-ß-
fn¬\n∂pw Adnhv DW¿∂p-hc - p-tºmƒ apØn-t\-°mƒ hne-bp≈ Bfl-
kq-\ß- f- m-bn-cn°pw B Adn-hp-Iƒ. Aar-X\ - n-jy-µn-bmb Cu A\p-`-
h-ßsf Hcp ⁄m\n-bpsS Ft∏mgpap≈ Hcp Ah-ÿb - m-sW∂p a\-
 n-em-°W - w.

76
aW-e-f-h‰p sNmcn™ hm]n-bn-t∑˛
eWn-b-Wn-bm-be hoin-Sp-∂-hÆw
A\r-X-]-c-ºc hoin-b-¥-cm-flm˛
hns\-b-Ita _lp-cq-]-am-°n-Sp-∂p.
aW¬ Af-h‰v ˛ Af-hn-√msX \nc-¥-c-ambn aW¬
sNmcn™ ˛ hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
hm]n-bn-t∑¬ ˛ Ipf-Øn¬
AWn AWn-bmbv ˛ H∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn
Ae hoin-Sp∂ hÆw ˛ Ae-am-e-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xpt]mse
A\r-X-]-c-ºc hoin ˛ Ak-XyßfpsS -]c-º-c-bm-Ip∂
Im‰p hoin
A¥-cm-flm-hns\ ˛ kz—-amb B¥-cn-I-t_m-[sØ
AIta ˛ AXn¬Xs∂
_lp-cq-]a
- m-°n-Sp∂p ˛ ]
- e
- c
- q-]ß
- f
- m°n tXm∂n-∏n°p∂p.

Bflmhv kz—hpw \n›ehp-amb Hcp Pe-cm-in-t]m-se-bm-Wv.

ChnsS Hcp Ipf-Ønse Pe-Øn-t\m-SmWv Bflm-hns\ D]-an-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. B Ipf-Øn-te°v \nc-¥c - a
- mbn aW¬ hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-
Wv. aW-ens‚ ]X-\m-Lm-XØ - m¬ Pe-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ im¥n `RvPn-
°-s∏-Sp∂p. Ipfw apgp-h≥ Ae-am-eI - f
- m¬ {]£p-_v[a
- m-bn. CXp-t]m-
se-bmWv A¥-cm-flm-hns‚bpw kz`m-hw. s]mXpth kz—-am-bn-cn-°p∂
Bflm-hn¬ hmk-\I - f
- psS Im‰p aqew _mly-hn-jb- ß
- ƒ h∂phoWv
A¥cwKw Imdpw tImfpw sIm≠ IS¬t]m-se-bm-Ip-∂p. kuay-amb
Bfl-hn-ip≤n \nd-™n-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ \mw Fhn-tSbpw Z¿in-®n-cp∂GIX
s]mbvt]m-Ip-∂p. \m\m-Xz-{`aw Df-hm-°p∂ {]]-©k - r-jvSn-Iƒ shdp-
∏p-fh
- m-°p-∂h
- b
- mbpw Nne-t∏m-sgms° Bk‡n Df-hm-°p-∂hbmbpw
amdp-∂p. Pohn-XØ- nse F√mhn[ sshIm-cn-I{- ]-£p-_v[X - I
- fpw kw`-
hn-°p-∂Xv CØ-cØ - n-em-Wv.
tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS A∂m-I-cn-\o\ F∂ hntizm-Ø-c-Ir-Xn-bn¬
A∂-bp-tSbpw Ico-\n-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-]q¿Æ-amb Pohn-X-Øn-te°p
IS-∂p-h∂ t{hm¨kvIn F∂ A∂-bpsS Imap-I≥ AXp-hsc \ne-
\n-∂n-cp∂ im¥-kp-µ-c-amb Pohn-XsØ Cf-°n-a-dn-°p-∂p. IpSpw-
_-_-‘-߃ BSn-bp-e-™p. kvt\l-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ anYy-bmb
]c-°w-]m-®n-en¬ Dd® Hcp \new \jvS-s∏´v ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\m-
hmsX A∂ sdbn¬∏m-f-Øn¬ Xe-h®v Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂p.
tSmƒkvt‰mbn-bpsS Cu t\mh-ens‚ X\n-bm-h¿Ø-\-߃Xs∂-
bmWv \Ω-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse ]e kw`-h-ß-fpw. hnj-b-ßsf
Bflm-hns‚ kz—-am¿∂ Pe-cm-inbnte°v IS-Øn-hn-SmsX t\m°-
Ww. \mw \ΩpsS Bflm-hns\ AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bn¬ im¥-
am-bn-cn-°m≥ am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I.
 77
]c-samcp hnÆp, ]c∂ i‡n Im‰m˛
adn-h-\-e≥, Pe-a-£, -an-{µn-bm¿∞w
[c-Wn, -bn-Xn-ßs\b©p XØz-ambv \n˛
s∂cn-bp-an-Xns‚ cl-ky-taI-am-Ipw.

]c-samcp hnÆv ˛ ]c-a-amb Bflm-hmWv BImiw.

]c∂ i‡n Im‰mw ˛ k¿∆-hym-]n-bmb ambm-i-‡n-
bmWv Im‰m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Adnhv A\-e≥ ˛ Adnhv A·n-bmWv.
Pew A£w ˛ C{µn-b-߃ Pe-amWv.
C{µn-bm¿∞w [cWn ˛ C{µn-b-hn-j-b-ß-fmWv `qan.
CXn-ßs\ ˛ Cßs\ kØpw NnØpw Hcp
hyh-ÿ-bn¬
A©p XØz-ambv ˛ A©p XØz-ambn
\ns∂-cnbpw ˛ \ns∂-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ A©p `qX-ßfpw Adn-hns‚
A©p `mh-ßfpw tN¿s∂-cn-bp∂
Cu clkyw
GI-amIpw ˛ GI-amWv.

{] ]©w Hcp hyh-ÿbmWv (system). B hyhÿ \nin-Xa- mb

Nne \nb-aß - f - n-eq-sS-bmWv \S-∏n-em-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v _mly-tem-IØv
{]]-©Ø - n-s\mcp hyh-ÿb - p-≈X
- p-t]m-eX - s∂ B¥-cn-It- em-IØpw Hcp
hyh-ÿb - p-≠.v Cu c≠p hyh-ÿI - fpw H∂n-°p∂ Hcp k‘n-ÿm-\h - p-
ap-≠.v Cßs\ ka-kX v Xtbbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp Nn¥m-kw-hn-[m-
\sØ]‰n {^ntPm^v Im{] ‘Pohs‚ amdme’ (Web of Life) F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ khn-kX v cw N¿®sNøp-∂p-≠.v AIhpw ]pdhpw F∂ t`Z-an-√msX
ka-{K-ambn Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcp LS-\s - b (structure) At±lw aptºm-´p-h-
bv°p-∂p. systems thinking, network thinking, holystic thinking,
organismic thinking - F-s∂m-s°bWv At±lw B Nn¥m-co-Xn°p
t]cp-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂X - .v
\mcm-bW - K - p-cp-hm-Is´ CsX√mw hfsc aptº ASp°pw apd-tbm-Spw-
IqSn Adn-bp∂ hn[w ]d-™p-X∂ - n-cn-°p-Ib - m-W.v Hcp hiØv BIm-iw,-
hm-bp, A·n, Pew, ]rYn-hn- CsXms°-t®¿∂ _mly-{]-]© - w. C\n B¥-
c-{]-]©- Ø- n-¬ XØp-ey-ambn ]c-aa- mb t_m[w, ]c-∂S- n-°p∂ ambm-i‡n,
\nXy-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ tkm]m-[n-Ia - mb Adn-hp-Iƒ, C{µn-bß - ƒ,
C{µn-bm¿∞-߃ Ch A©n-t\bpw ]©-`q-Xß - f- p-ambn X´n-®d- n-bW - w.
BImiw \ap°v ]cn-Nn-Xa - m-W.v F∂m¬ ]c-aa - mb Bflm-Imiw \ap°v
]cn-Nn-Xa - √- . AXp-sIm-≠mWv BIm-iØ - ns‚ A\-¥X - bpw Hu∂-Xyhpw
kq£vaX - bpw k¿∆-hym-]I - X
- bpw F√mw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v ]c-a-
amb t_m[sØ AXp-ambn tN¿Øp-hb - °v p-∂Xv.
hmbp-hns‚ i‡n A{]-Xn-lX - a
- m-W.v F√m-bn-SØpw ]c-∂S- n-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ Im‰n-t\m-SmWv ambm-i‡ - nsb _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. Hcp
sNdnb AWp apX¬ BImiw hsc-bp≈ k¿h-Ønepw ambm-i‡n
Hfn™pw sXfn™pw hoip-∂p-≠v. t_m[-Øn-ep-≠mIp∂ F√m Adn-
hp-Ifpw A·n-X-Øz-am-Wv. C{µn-b-ß-fm-Is´ Pe-X-Øz-sØ-bmWv
{]Xn\n[m\w sNøp-∂X - v. [c-Wnsb C{µn-bh - n-jb- ß - f - p-ambn tbmPn-
∏n-®d
- n-bW - w. At∏mƒ \mw Nn¥n®v Hcn-°epw ImSp-Ib - dn t]mhp-Ib - n-
√. tIh-et- _m-[Ø - n¬ Ch-sb√mw Hcp hyh-ÿt- bm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-amdp-
∂Xv Hcp km£n-sb-t∏mse t\m°n-°m-Wm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-Ipw. ]c-aa - mb
BÀm-Za - m-WX- v.

78
ac-W-hp-an√ ]pd-∏p-an√ hmgvhpw
\c-kp-c-cm-Zn-bp-an√ \ma-cq]w
acp-hn-e-a¿∂ acoNn \ocp-t]m¬ \n˛
evs]mcps]mcpfmw s]mcp-f√ - n-tXm¿Øn-tSWw.

ac-Whpw C√ ˛ ac-Whpw C√.

]pd∏pw C√ ˛ P\-\hpw C√.
hmgvhpw ˛ AXn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ Pohn-Xhpw C√.
\c-k-p-c-cm-Znbpw C√ ˛ a\p-jy≥, tZh-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-b-hcpan√.
\ma-cq]w ˛ Ch-sb√mw \ma-ßfpw cq]-ßfpw
am{XamWv.
acp-hn¬ Aa¿∂ ˛ acp-`q-an-bn¬ ImWm-dp-≈
acoNn \ocp-t]m¬ ˛ Pe-{]-Xo-Xn-t]mse
\nevs]mcp s]mcpfmw ˛ \ne-\n-¬°p∂ H∂m-WnXv.
CXv s]mcp-f√ ˛ \ma-cq-]-ß-sfm∂pw ]c-a-amb
kXy-a√.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ CXv Ft∏mgpw kvacn-°-Ww.
ac-W-amWv a\p-jys\ h√msX `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. acn-°p-tºmƒ
\ap°v ]eXpw \jvS-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. Cu temI-Ønse
kpJ-߃ ]ns∂ A\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ac-W-ap-≈-Xp-
sIm≠v am{X-amWv kXytØbpw ssZh-tØbpw a\p-jy≥ At\z-
jn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-epw. ItTm-]-\njØn¬ arXyp-hns‚ h{‡-Øn-te°v
A`n-i-]vX-\mb \Nn-tI-X v [oc-X-tbmsS \S-∂p-sN∂v tNmZn-°p∂
tNmZyw, arXyp-hns\ Fßs\ AXn-ew-Ln-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂p-≈-
Xm-Wv. kn≤m¿∞-cm-P-Ip-am-c≥ ac-W-Øns‚ _o`-’-apJw I≠v
`b∂pw ZpxJn®pw BWv sIm´mcw hn´v Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. ac-W-Øn-
s\mcp ]cn-lm-c-ant√ F∂-dn-bm≥ th≠n.
Kpcp ]d-bp∂p, ac-Whp-an√. ‘Rm≥ ’acn-°p-∂n√. acn-°p-∂n-√ F∂p
am{X-a√ Rm≥ P\n-®n-´n√ F∂pw Kpcp kzbw ]d-bp-∂p. P\n-®n-´n-√mØ
Kpcp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv \mw X¿°n-°p-∂X - .v P\n-®n-´n-√mØ Hcp Kpcp-hns‚
t]cn-emWv \mw kwL-S\ - I- s
- fms° D≠m°n AWn-\n-c° - p-∂X- .v Kpcp
ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p: F\n-s°mcp PohnXw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v.- B-tflm-
]-tZ-ii - X- I- Ø
- ns‚ clkyw a\- n-em-°n-sb-Sp-°W - s - a-¶n¬ euIn-I_ - p-
≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nn¥n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Bfl-_p≤n sXfn-™ph-cW - w. Rm≥
Bflm-hm-sW-∂d- n-bp-tºmƒ imco-cn-Ia - mb AkvXn-Xb - n¬\n-s∂√mw hnap-
‡-\m-bn. Bflm-hm-Is´ P\-\a - c
- W
- ß
- f - n-√msX F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂
D◊-bm-W.v
ico-ca - mWv P\n-°p-∂Xpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw acn-°p-∂X - pw. Rm≥
ico-ca - m-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂h - ¿ acn-°p-∂p. ico-cØ - n-s\-s¥-¶nepw £Xw
]‰n-bm¬ ZpxJn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Ch¿ ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Ip‰-
s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-ambn Pohn-®p-t]m-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Kpcp \Ωsf Bflm-
hn-te°p £Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AhnsS Rm≥, a\p-jy≥ t]mep-a-√.
AhnsS tZh-∑mtcm Akp-c-∑mtcm C√. Bfl-t_m[w DW¿∂-h\v
CsX√mw shdpw \ma-ßfpw cq]-ßfpw am{X-am-Wv. Np´p-s]m≈p∂
shbn-ep-≈-t∏mƒ acp-`q-an-bn-eqsS Zml-P-e-Øn-\p-th≠n Ae-™p-Xn-
cn-bp-tºmƒ Aß-Ise Pem-ibw ImWp-∂p. sh≈w sI´n-°n-S-°p-
∂-Xp-t]mse. ]t£, F{X \S-∂mepw B Pem-i-b-Øn-te°v \ap-°v
FØm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw AI-∂p-t]m-bvs°m-t≠-bn-cn-
°pw. AXp Im\¬P-e-am-Wv. Im\¬ F∂m¬ tXm∂¬ F∂m-
W¿∞w. Im\¬P-ew-sIm≠v Zmlw Xocp-I-bn-√. Im\¬P-e-Øn\p
bmYm-X-Yy-amb \ne-\n¬∏pw C√.
AXp-t]mse P\-\hpw ac-Whpw \ne-\n¬∏pw F√mw Bfl-ÿn-
X-\mb Hcp-h-\n¬ acp-`q-an-bn¬ ImWp∂ Pe-{]-XoXn t]msebmWv.
AhnsS bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Pew D≠mtbm? Pew D≠m-bn-´n-√. F∂mepw
\Ωƒ I≠p. Pew D≈-Xp-t]m-sebpw Pew \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-t]m-
sebpw tXm∂n-∏n-®p. kqcys‚ {]Imiw Ipd-™p-h-∂-t∏mƒ Pe-{]-
Xo-Xnbpw \jvS-ambn. CXp-t]m-se-sbm-s°-bmWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ Imcy-
hpw. s\Snb In\m-hmWv PohnXw F∂p ]d™ Kpcp-hn\v AtX kzc-
Øn¬Øs∂ ]dbmw ac-W-hp-an√ ]pd-∏p-an√ ]ns∂ F¥mWv
PohnXw?
 79
P\n-k-abw ÿnXn-bn√ P∑n-b-\y˛
£W-a-Xn-en-√n-Xn-cn-∏-sX-{]-Imcw?
l\-\-hp-an-ß-s\-X-s∂-bm-I-bmte
P\-\-hp-an-√nXp NnXv{]-`m-h-sa-√mw.

P\n-k-abw ˛ P-\n-°p∂ thf-bn¬

ÿnXn-bn√ ˛ P-∑n-sb∂ Ahÿ C√.
P∑n ˛ P-\n-°p-∂-h≥
A\y-£-W-a-Xn¬ ˛ P\n-°p∂ ka-b-Ø-√msX
C√ ˛ P-∑n°p \ne-\n-ev]p-an√
CXv Ccn-∏Xv F{]-Im-cw ˛ Htc-k-abw D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw
H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv
l\-\hpw Cßs\ Xs∂˛ P\-\-sØ-t∏m-se-X-s∂-a-c-Whpw
Cß-s\-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
BI-bmte ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
P\-\-hp-an√ ˛ P-\-\-hp-an-√, ac-W-hp-an-√.
CXv F√mw ˛ ChnsS ImWp-∂-sX√mw
NnXv {]`mhw ˛ Adn-hns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb
{]`mhw am{Xw.

P\n-°pI F∂-sXmcp {Inb-bm-W.v {Inb F∂m¬ Ne-\a- m-W.v Nen-

°p∂ H∂n\p \n›-eX - b
- n-√. {Inb-bn¬ AXp-sIm≠v ÿnXn-bn-√. P\\w
F∂ {Inb \S-°p∂ thf-bn¬ P∑n°v AXn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øm≥ Ign-bp-
I-bn-√. P\-\a - p-≈h - \- mWv P∑n. P∑n ssÿXn-Ia - mb Hcp \ne-bm-W.v
AsXmcp {]{In-bb - √- . Cu {]tl-fn-Im-P\ - y-amb hmgvhns‚ cl-ky-Øn-
te°v shfn®w hoip∂ Cu t«mIw [ym\m-flI - a- mbn Cg-]n-cn-s®-Sp-t°≠
H∂m-W.v P\n-°p∂ ka-bØv P∑n C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw P\\w Ign-™m¬
]ns∂ P∑n F∂p hnfn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. P\\w
F∂ {]{In-bb - n¬\n∂pw thsdmcp {]{In-bb - n-te°p IS-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-
tSbpw P∑n°p ÿm\-an-√msX t]mIp-∂p. -
Cu temIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Ne-\hpw \n›-e-Xbpw IqSn-°-
e¿∂-Xm-Wv. t_m[w \n›-e-am-Wv. temIw Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-
Xm-Wv. Hcp DZm-lc - Ww ]d-bp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ IS-ens‚ Bg-Øn¬ \n›-
e- X - b p- ≠ m- b n- c n- ° thXs∂ apIƒ∏- c ∏v {]£p- _ v [ - a m- b n- c n- ° pw.
thsdmcp DZm-l-cWw FSp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Npg-en-°m-‰n-s‚ \m`n-
\n›-ea- mb Hcp tI{µ-amWv. Cu t«mIw Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-∂Xv F√m
{Inb-Ifpw Adn-hn¬ \S-°p∂ A¤p-X-I-c-amb {]`m-h-߃ am{X-am-
sW∂p ]d-bm-\m-Wv. P\-\hpw ac-Whpsa√mw B alm-{]-`m-h-Øn¬
kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Bfl-t_m[w sXfn-bp-tºmƒ Cu {]`m-h-Øns‚
Im¥nI-X-bn¬\n∂pw \mw ap‡-\m-Ipw.

80
ÿnXn-K-Xn-t]mse hntcm-[n-bmb krjvSn˛
ÿnXn-e-b-sa-sßmcp Zn°n-semØp hmgpw?
KXn-bnh aq∂n-\p-sa-ßp-an-√n-tXm¿Øm¬
£nXn apX-em-bh Kocp am{X-amIpw.

ÿnXn-K-Xn-t]mse ˛ Hcp hkvXp ÿnXn sNøp-tºmƒ

Nen-°p-∂n-√. Nen-°p-tºmƒ B
hkvXp ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-an-√.
hntcm-[n-bmb -˛ Cßs\ ÿnXnbpw KXnbpw Htc-
k-abw tNcm-Ø-Xp-t]mse
krjvSn-ÿnXn ebw ˛ krjvSn, ÿnXn , ebw F∂o
{]{In-b-Iƒ
Fsßmcp Zn°n¬ ˛ Fß-s\-bmWv Htc-bn-SØv
HØp hmgpw ˛ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
Ch aq∂n\pw ˛ krjvSn, ÿnXn, ebw
Ch aq∂n\pw
KXn Fßpw C√ ˛ kzX-{¥-amb Hcp AkvXn-X-bn-√.
CtXm¿Øm¬ ˛ Cßs\ hnNn-¥\w sNbvXm¬
£nXn apX-em-bh ˛ `qan apX-emb F√m `qX-ßfpw
Kocp am{X-amIpw ˛ shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{Xam-sW∂p
t_m[y-am-Ipw.

Cu {]]-©-Øn¬ \mw I≠p-t]m-cp∂ ]e-kw-`-h-ß-fnepw Hfn-

™n-cn-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ßsf \mw {i≤n-°msX t]mbn-´p-≠v. Hcp
hkvXp Hcn-SØv ÿnXn sNøp∂p F∂p ]d-™m¬ B hkvXp \n›-
em-hÿ- b
- n-emWv F∂-dn-bW
- w. ]ns∂ AXn-\v Fß-s\-bmWv Ne\w
D≠m-hpI? hkvXp Ht∂-bp≈p F¶n¬ AXv ]ns∂ FhnsS\n∂v
Ftßm´v Nen°pw? Nen-°p∂Xv Hcn-S-Øp-\n∂v thsdm-cn-S-tØ-°m-
Wv. Ne\w XpS-ßm≥ HcnSw thWw. Ah-km-\n-°m≥ HcnSw thWw.
AXn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ A¥-cmfhpw thWw. Bflmhn\p P∑-ap-s≠∂p ]d-
bp-Ib
- m-sW-¶n¬ AXn\p \mihpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. P\n-∏n-°W
- s
- a-¶n¬
thsd H∂v D≠m-bn-cn--°Ww. At∏mƒ c≠v D◊ D≠m-Ip-∂p. c≠v D◊-
Iƒ°v Htc-bn-SØv Htc-ka - bw Ccn-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib
- n-√. Hcp tai h®n-cn-
°p∂ CSØv Hcp Itk-c°p ÿnXn sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. AXp-sIm≠v
Bfl-kØ GI-am-bn-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m¬ Bfl-kØ - b - n¬ Ne-\a - n-√. Ne-
\-an-√mØ H∂n\v \n›-ea - mbn \n¬t°≠ Bh-iy-hp-an-√.
krjvSn F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp Ne-\-am-Wv. ebw As√-¶n¬ \miw
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv thsdmcp Ne-\-am-Wv. AXn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ \ne-\n¬∏n-
s\-bmWv ÿnXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CsXms° Bfl-k-Ø-bpsS GI-
Xsb [ym\n-®p-d-∏n-®m¬ shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{X-am-bn-Øo-cpw. \mw
hymh-lm-cn-I-tem-I-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ F√m A\p-`-h-ß-fnepw
hm°p-I-fm¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ Hcp {]m]-©n-I-t_m-[-amWv \sΩ \nb-
{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂pw hm°ns‚ {]k-‡n-Isf
AS¿Øn-am-‰n-bm¬ krjvSn F∂pw ÿnXn F∂pw ebw F∂pw \mw
]d-™p-t]m-cp∂ {]{In-b-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-°pw. Cu \nd-hmWv sshcp-
≤y-an-√mØ \ΩpsS B¥-cn-I-X.

81
{]IrXn ]ncn-s™mcp Iqdp t`m‡r-cq]w
kI-e-hp-ambv shfntb kap-√-kn°pw
Cl-]-c-am-samcp Iqdn-Z-¥-bmte
hnI-kn-Xam-anXp t`mKy-hn-iz-am-Ipw.
{]IrXn ]ncn™v ˛ Bfl-i‡ - n-bmb {]IrXn ]ncn™v
Hcp Iqdv ˛ Hcp `mKØv
t`m‡r-cq]w ˛ t`m‡m-hmbn \n¬°p-∂p.
Hcp Iqdv ˛ adp-`m-KØv
CZ-¥-bmte ˛ CZ¥ ImcWw
Cl-]-camw ˛ Cl-]-c-ß-fmb
kI-e-hp-ambn ˛ F√m-ambn
shfntb kap-√-kn°pw ˛ _mly-temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂p.
CXv ˛ CXmWv
hnI-kn-Xamw ˛ hnI-kn®p \n¬°p∂
t`mKy-hn-iz-amIpw ˛ t`mKy-hn-iz-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kpJw D≈-bn-SØp am{Xta Bcpw Pohn-°p-Ib

- p-≈q. \√ Imem-
h-ÿb - p≈ CS-tØ°v Bfp-Iƒ t]mIm-dnt√? \√ kº-Øp≈ CS-
ßfn-te°v Bfp-Iƒ t]mIm-dnt√? kpJsØ Xnc-™p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-
jy≥ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Pohn-°p-∂X
- v. Cu kpJsØ A\p-`h
- n-°p-
∂Xv BcmWv? AsXmcp Al-¥b - m-Wv. AXns\ hni-Zo-Ic- n-°p-Ib - mWv
Kpcp ChnsS sNøp-∂X - .v Bflm-hn¬Øs∂ Ccn-°p∂ Hcp i‡n-bmWv
{]Ir-Xn. B {]IrXn kzbw c≠mbn ]ncn-bp-∂p. temIsØ `pPn-°p-
hm-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏m-Wn-Xv. `pPn-°W - s - a-¶n¬ Al¥ t`m‡m-hns‚
cq]w ssIs°m-≈W - w. ck-ap≈ hkvXp-°ƒ am{Xta t`m‡m-hn\p
{]nbX D≠m-°p-∂p-≈q. A{]nbw Df-hm-°p∂ hkvXp-°sf X≈n-°f - -
bp-tºmgpw t`m‡m-hn\v ckw D≠m-Ipw. t`m‡mhv A\p-`h - n-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu ]pdw-temIw c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈ kpJw {]Zm\w sNøp-
∂p-≠v. Nne t`mKy-߃ At∏mƒXs∂ kpJw sImSp-°p-∂p. Ah
sFln-Iß - f- m-Wv. Nneh Iptd Ign™v kpJm-\p-`h - sØ \¬Ip-∂p.
Ah ]c-ßf - m-Wv.
\ΩpsS hmbn¬ Hcp a[p-c-]-e-lmcw C´p-X-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
At∏mƒØs∂ \ap-°X - ns‚ ck-ad - n-bmw. kpJw A\p-`h - n-°p-Ib - pw
sNømw. F∂m¬ Hcp hmg h®m¬ Iptd Ign-™mWv \ap-°X - ns‚
^ew e`n-°p-∂X - v. I¿Ω-ßf - psS ^ew Cßs\ ]ncn™p- \n¬°p-∂-
Xns\ ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-bmWv Clw F∂pw ]cw F∂p-ap≈ hnh£
ChnsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂X - v. Cu t`m‡m-hn\p ta™p-\S- ° - p-hm-\p≈
CS-amWv t`mKy-hn-izw. AXpw {]IrXn-bpsS Hcp ]pd-am-Wv. t`m‡m-
sh∂ ]pdhpw t`mKy-hn-iz-sa∂ adp-]p-dhpw tN¿∂v hymh-lm-cn-I-temIw
D≠m-bn-h-cp-∂p. Bfl-kz-cq]w At∏mgpw hnIm-c-c-ln-X-am-bn-Øs∂ \ne-
sIm-≈p-∂p. \mw Bfl-kØ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

82
Ac-Wn-I-S-s™-gp-a-·n-t]msebmcm˛
bvhh-c-en-cp-∂-Xn-c-s‰gpw hnthIw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am¿∂ `m\p-hmbv \n˛
s∂cn-bp-a-Xn-∂n-c-bm-bn-Sp∂p k¿hw.

AcWn IS-s™gpw ˛ AcWn IS-bp-tºmƒ AXn¬

\n∂pw Pzen-®p-b-cp∂
A·n-t]mse ˛ Xo t]mse
Bcmbvhh-cn¬ Ccp∂v ˛ ⁄m\sØ At\z-jn-
°p-∂-h-cn¬\n∂v
AXn-c-s‰gpw hnthIw ˛ AXn-cp-I-fn-√msX DZn-®p-bp-cp∂
⁄m\-{]-Imiw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am¿∂ ˛ ]c-a-amb NnZm-Im-i-Øn¬
\nd-™p- \n¬°p∂
`m\p-hmbv \ns∂-cnbpw ˛ Bfl-kq-cy-\mbn Fcn-™p-
sIm-≠n-cn°pw
AXn∂v ˛ B ⁄m\m-·n-bn¬
Cc-bm-bn-Sp∂p k¿hw -˛ F√mw IØn-sb-cn-bp-∂p.

PohnXw Hcp X]- m-Wv. B X]-\-{Inb \S-°p-∂Xv Ac-Wn-

Iƒ IS-bp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. b⁄-Ip-WvUØ- n¬ Xo ]nSn-∏n-°p-hm≥
c≠v ac-°-j-W-߃ XΩn¬ Dc-®mWv Xo D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. B ac-I-j-
W-ß-sf-bmWv Ac-Wn-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Xmsg h®n-cn-°p∂ Ac-
Wnsb A[-cm-cWn F∂pw apI-fn¬ IS-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ac-
Wnsb DØ-cm-cWn F∂p-amWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. IS-®n¬ AXns‚
aq¿—bn¬ FØp-tºm-gmWv AXn¬\n∂pw A·n Pzen-®p-b-cp-∂-Xv.
ssaYp-\-{]-{In-b-bnepw CtX-t]m-ep≈ Hcp aY-\-amWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.
AhnsS Pzen-®p-b-cp-∂Xv B\-µ-aq¿—-bm-Wv.
ChnsS Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ X]-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬ Hcp Xm]-k\v t`m‡m-
hm-bn-cn-°p∂ Xs‚ Al-¥bpw t`mKy-hn-iz-am-bn-cn-°p∂ {]]-©hpw
XΩn-emWv ]c-a-amb Hcp aqey-km-£m-XvIm-c-Øn-\p-th≠n kwL¿j-
W-Øn-te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t`m‡mhpw t`mKy-hn-izhpw Hcp {]tXyI
A\p-c-W-\m-fl-I-X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-tºmƒ Bflm-\p-`hw {]f-bm-·n-
t]mse Al-¥-tbbpw euIn-I-X-tbbpw hngp-ßn-°-f-bp-∂p. ssZzX-
ß-f‰ Dƒshfn tXP n-b∂ Hcp kqcy-\m-bn- {]Im-in-°p∂p. Pohn-
XØnse Ccp≠ i‡n-If - n¬\n∂v \ap°p ]pd-Øp-IS- °
- m≥ Ign-™n-
cn-°p-∂p. Imaw, t{Im[w, Akqb Ah-sb√mw ⁄m\m-·n-bn¬ ZKv[-
am-bn-t∏m-bn. Cu km£m-XvIm-c-amWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw \ap-°p-
≠m-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. PohnXØns‚ NnZw-_-c-Ønte°v \sΩ ssI]n-Sn-
®p-b¿Øp-∂p. CXmWv ]c-aamb A¿∞w F∂-dn-b-Ww.

83
DS-bp-an-cn-°p-ap-Zn-°p-sam-∂p- am-dn˛
ØpS-cp-an-Xn-ßp-S-en≥ kz`m-h-amIpw
apSn-bn-en-cp-∂-dn-bp∂p aq∂p-am-flm˛
hnS-c-dp-sam-∂nXp \n¿hn-Im-c-amIpw.

DSbpw ˛ \in°pw
Ccn°pw ˛ ÿnXn sNøpw
DZn°pw ˛ P\n°pw
H∂p-am-dn-Øp-Scpw ˛ Hcp cq]w amdn thsdmcp cq]-
Øn¬ XpScpw
CXv ˛ Cu ]cn-Wmaw
Cßv DS-en≥ ˛ ChnsS ico-c-Øns‚ Xe-Øn¬
kz`m-h-amIpw ˛ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw`hn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn°pw
apSn-bn-en-cp∂v ˛ k¿∆m-Xo-X-ambn h¿Øn®v
Bflm ˛ t_m[w
aq∂pw Adn-bp∂p ˛ krjvSn-ÿnXn-eb - ß
- sf Adn-bp∂p.
CS-cdpw ˛ ZpxJw A‰p-t]mb
H∂nXv ˛ Cu Bflmhv GI-amWv.
\n¿hn-Im-c-amIpw ˛ Cu Bflmhv am‰-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amWv.

{io_p≤-\mWv Pohn-XØ - ns‚ £Wn-IX - s

- b-°p-dn®v Zm¿i-\n-Ia- mb
Hcp ]cn-t{]£yw (perspective) \ap°v BZyw ]d-™p-X-∂-Xv.
At±lw {]]-©h - k
- vXp-°f
- psS P\-\hpw \ne-\n¬∏pw ac-Wh - p-sa√mw
imiz-Xa- mb B\-µsØ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂n-s√∂v \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-
Øn. _p≤≥ ]d-bp∂p: ‘ temI-Po-hnXw ic-¬°m-et- a-Lß - s - f-t∏m-
se-bm-Wv. Hcp \rØ-Øn¬ Ne-\ß - ƒ amdn-amdn hcp-∂X- p-t]m-se-bmWv
P\-\hpw ac-Whpw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Icn-ta-L-߃°p
IpdptI Hfn-an-∂p∂ Hcp hnZyp-√X IW-s°-bmWv Pohm-bp v IS-∂p-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. Fs¥mcp {ZpX-K-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. sN¶p-Ømb Hcp ae-
bn¬\n∂pw Dut°msS Xmtg°p {]h-ln-°p∂ Pe-]mXw t]mse-bm-
W-Xv.’ AXp-sIm-≠mWv _p≤≥ temI-Po-hn-XsØ ZpxJambn I≠Xv.
F∂m¬ \mcm-bW - K
- pcp Aß-s\-sbmcp hnjm-Zm-flI - X
- sb ]‰n-
b√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. H∂p-≠m-hp-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw \in-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂Xv ico-cØ - ns‚ kz`m-ha - m-sW-∂m-Wv.- kz`mhw F∂m¬ am‰-
an-√mØ \nbaw F∂m-Wv. {]]-©-Ønse Cu ssPhn-I-{]-{In-b-I-
sfsb√mw \ap°p XSp-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. XSp-Øm¬ am\-kn-IX - e
- -
Ønepw imco-cn-IX - e
- Ø
- nepw B k¿§-{]-hmlw A\m-tcm-Ky-Ic - a- mb
Hcp hnj-ak- ‘- nsb krjvSn-°pw. F∂m¬ ChnsS thsdmcp t]mwh-gn-
]d-bp∂p: Rm≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂ kØ krjvSn-ÿnXneb-߃°v AXo-
X-amb Hcp D◊-bm-sW-∂m-Wv. AXoXw F∂p ]d-™m¬ CXn\p
]pdØv F∂√. Cu aq∂v {]{In-bI - ƒ°pw Bflm-hn¬ ÿm-\a - p-≠v.
F∂m¬ Cu aq∂v {]{In-bI - f
- mepw Bflm-hn\v Hcp `mh-t`-Zhpw kw`-
hn-°p-∂n-√. Bflmhv apSn-bn-en-cp-∂v aq∂pw Adn-bp∂p.
F{_lmw amkv t emhns\t∏msebp≈ a\x- i m- k v { X- ⁄ ¿
DØpw-Km-\p-`qXn (peak experience) F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv apSn-bn-en-cp∂v
Adn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. apSn F∂p ]d-™m¬ DØpw-Ka - mb Xew. `mhm-
Xo-XX-ew. AXp-sIm≠v Bflmhv Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnIm-cØ - n\pw ASn-
s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ ZpxJhpw Bflm-hns\ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-∂pan-√. AXv
Ft∏mgpw D◊-bp-≈X - m-Wv F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ kØm-W.v AXv Ft∏mgpw
Adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ NnØm-W.v AsX-t∏mgpw
B\-µn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ B\-µa - m-W.v

84
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-h-\o-hn-Im-c-ap-s≠˛
∂cp-fp-an-tXm¿°n-e -k-Xy-ap-≈-Xp¿ho
\nc-h-[n-bmbv \ne-b‰p \nev]-sX-√m˛
adn-hn-segpw {]Ir-Xn-kz-cq-]-am-Ipw.

Adn-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Ah\o hnImcw ˛ aÆns‚ cq]m-¥-c-ß-fmb Iew.
IpSw apX-em-bh
Ds≠∂v ˛ D≈-Xm-sW∂v
Acpfpw ˛ \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠v.
D≈Xv D¿ho ˛ kXyØn¬ aÆp am{Xtabp≈q.
CtXm¿°n¬ AkXyw ˛ CXdn™m¬ Iew, N´n F∂o
hnIm-c-ß-sf√mw Ak-Xy-am-Wv.
\nc-h-[n-bm-bv ˛ FÆ-a‰ Xc-Øn¬ ImW
- s∏-Sp-∂sX√mw
\ne-b‰p \nev]-sX√mw ˛ kz¥-ambn AkvXn-X-bn-√mØ
\ma-cq-]-ß-fmWv
Adn-hn-segpw ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw Fgp∂p hcp∂
{]IrXn kzcq-]-amIpw ˛ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kzcq-]-am-Wn-sX√mw.

GsXmcp hkvXp \n¿Ωn-°p-∂X - n\pw Hcp ]Zm¿∞w Bh-iy-am-

Wv. B ]Zm¿∞-amWv B hkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ kØ-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. kv]nt\mk F∂ ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - ≥ Cu kØsb substance
F∂mWv hnfn-®X - v. Hcp Ipem-e≥ Ifn-aÆv Ac®p Ipg®v AXns\
Ipem-eZ- WvUpw N{Ihpw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]cph-s∏-SpØn ]m{X-߃ D≠m-
°p-∂p. N´n, Iew, ]m\, IqP, IpSw CsX√mw B Ifn-aÆ - n¬\n∂v
Ipem-e≥ D≠m°nsbSp-°p-∂p. Ifn-aÆ - n¬ \n¿Ωn® B Hmtcm cq]-
tØbpw t\m°n \nß-tfmSv tNmZn-°p-Ib - mWv: CsX-¥mWv? \n߃
]dbpw, CXp N´n-bm-sW-∂v, CXp IeamsW∂v. At∏mƒ Ifn-as - Æ-
hnsSt∏mbn? Iew F∂ \ma-Øn-s‚bpw cq]-Øn-s‚bpw ad-hn¬ Ifna-
sÆ∂ kØ AI-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. \ma-Øn\pw cq]-Øn\pw Aan-Xa - mb
{]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw \mw Adn-bmsX sImSp-Øp-t]m-Ip-∂p.
kØsb ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Cu {]]-©Ø - n¬ \nc-h[n cq]-ßfpw \nc-
h[n \ma-ßfpw tN¿∂v {]]-©Ø - ns‚ kØsb ad-®p-hb - v°p-∂p. \ma-
cq-]ß
- f
- psS taml-he
- b
- Ø
- n¬ \mw IpSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.
a\ v \ma-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ s]´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. B a\-
 n¬Xs∂ cq]-ß-fpsS {]Xn-`-I-fp-ap-≠v. cq]w F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ
AXn\v C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp A-kvXn-Xbpw at\m-tKm-N-c-amb
thsdm-cp AkvXn-Xbpap≠v. C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb cq]w hymh-lm-cn-
I-am-Wv. C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb sh≈w IpSn-®mte \ΩpsS Zmlw amdp-
I-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ sh≈-Øn\v at\m-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-ap-
≠v. a\- n-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ {]Xn` \ΩpsS Zmlw
am‰p-I-bn-√. ChnsS ]d-bp∂ cq]m-fl-I-Xbpw \mam-fl-I-Xbpw ]mc-
am¿∞n-I-X-bn¬ am{Xta \ne-b‰p \n¬°p-∂p≈p F∂pw Adn-b-
Ww. B Adn-hmWv \sΩ kzX-{¥-\m-°p-∂-Xv.

85
\ng-semcp _nw_-a-t]-£n-bmsX \nev]o˛
segp-ap-e-sI-ßp-a-_nw-_-am-I-bmte
\ng-ep-a-X-√nXp t\cp-a√ hnZzm˛
s\gp-Xn-bnSpw ^Wn-t]mse ImWp-sa√mw.

\ng¬ ˛ \ng¬
Hcp _nw_w ˛ Hcp _nw_sØ
At]-£n-bmsX ˛ B{i-bn-®-√msX
\nev]oe ˛ \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-√.
Fgpw DeIv Fßpw ˛ F√m-bn-SØpw {]Xo-X-am-bn-°m-
Wp∂ temIw
A_nw-_-am-I-bmte ˛ Hcp _nw_sØ B{i-bn®p
\ng-en-°p-∂-X-√.
\ng-ep-a-X√ ˛ AXn-\m¬ {]]©w \ng-ep-a√.
CXp t\cp-a√ ˛ kzbw kØ D≈-Xp-a√.
hnZzm≥ ˛ NXp-c-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c≥
Fgp-Xn-bnSpw ˛ hc-bv°p∂
^Wn-t]mse ˛ ]mºn-s\-t∏mse
ImWp-sa√mw ˛ F√mw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
 Hcp Pem-ib - Ø - ns‚ apºn¬ \mw sN∂p \n¬°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS
BsI cq]w kv^Sn-Ik - ¶- m-ia - mb B Pem-ib - Ø- n¬ {]Xn-^e - n-°pw.
Aßs\ {]Xn-^e - n-°p-tºmƒ Pe-Øn¬ ImWp-∂Xv \ΩpsS {]XnOmb-
bm-W.v \mw BWv _nw_w. Pe-Øn¬ {]Xn-Omb D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv
\mw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-W.v F∂m¬ {]]-©sØ Hcp \ng¬t]mse Icp-
Xm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. {]]©w Hcp {]Xn-_nw-_a - m-sW-¶n¬ {]]-©Ø - n\p
Imc-Wa - m-bncn-°p∂ _nw_w Fhn-sS-bm-Wn-cn-°p-∂Xv? Bflmhv GI-
am-W.v AZz-ba - m-W.v AsXm-cn-°epw \m\m-Xz-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]Xn-^e - n-°p-
I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_a - mWv {]]©w F∂p ]d-
bms\m-°p-Ib - n-√. {]]-©Ø - n-\m-Is´ kzbta Hcp AkvXn-Xb - p-an-√. \n¿h-
Nn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ coXn-bn-emWv {]]-©Ø - ns‚ \ne.
B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ {]]©w Ime-Øn-s‚bpw tZi-Øn-s‚bpw
kΩn-{i-Wa - m-sW-∂mWv \n¿h-Nn-®X - .v F∂m¬ sslk≥ _¿Kn-s\-t∏m-
ep-≈h - ¿ {]]-©Ø - ns‚ kq£vat- c-Wp-°f - psS ]T-\Ø - n-\mbn Xp\n-™-
t∏mƒ AhnsS ]c-am-Wp-°ƒ Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bmØ
ÿnXn-bn¬ imkv{X-⁄∑ - msc {`an-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - mbn ]d-™p.
Aß-s\-bmWv sslk≥_¿Kns‚ {]]-©k - n-≤m¥w uncertainty prin-
ciple Bbn amdn-bX - v. thZm-¥hpw {]]-©sØ D≠m-°n-°m-Wn-°p∂
ambsb ‘A\n¿h-N\ - ob’ F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂X - .v AXo-h\ - n-]p-W\ - mb
Hcp Iem-Im-c≥ Nn{Xw hc-®m¬ B Nn{Xw Poh- p-‰X - mbn tXm∂m-dp-
≠v. Hcp ]mºn-s‚-bmWv Nn{Xw hc-b° v p-∂s - X-¶n¬ B Nn{Xw I≠m¬
\mw `b∂p \ne-hn-fn-°pw. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Bflm-hnepw {]]-©c - -
N\ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Bflm-hn¬ Xs∂-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp i‡n-
bmWv XqenI ]nSn-°p∂-X.v CXp \n¿h-Nn®p a\- n-em-°p-∂X - n-t\-°mƒ
A¤p-X] - c
- X- {- ¥-Xt- bmsS Bkz-Zn-°p-∂X - mWv el-cn-Zm-bI - w.

86
X\p apX-em-bXp k¿h-sam-∂n-sem-∂n˛
√\r-X-hp-am-b-Xn-\m-se-b-\y-`mKw
A\p-Zn-\-a-kvX-an-bm-Xn-cn-°-bmte
]p\-cr-X-cq-]-hp-ambvs∏men-™n-Sp-∂p.

X\p apX-em-bXp ˛ icocw apX-em-bh

k¿∆w ˛ F√mw
H∂n¬ H∂n√ ˛ Hcp ico-c-Øn¬ thsdmcp ico-c-an√.
AXn-\mse ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
A\y-`mKw ˛ Hcp ico-c-Øn¬ C√mØ a‰p
ico-c-߃
A\r-X-hp-ambn ˛ Ak-Xy-ambnØocp-∂p.
]p\x ˛ F∂m¬
A\p-Zn\w ˛ Fs∂∂pw
AkvX-an-bmXncn-°-bmte ˛ (B-fl-k-Ø) \in-®p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-
°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
EX-cq-]-hp-ambv ˛ EX-amb icocw G¥n-sIm≠v
s]men-™n-Sp∂p ˛ {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

X\p F∂m¬ ico-ca- m-W.v GsXmcp ico-cØ - n\pw ÿnXn sNøm≥

ÿew thWw. Hcp icocw {]tXyI CS-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂X - p-
t]mseXs∂ AXn-s\mcp Imehpw thWw. F∂p ]d-™m¬ GsXmcp
ico-cØ
- n\pw Ime-Ønepw tZi-Ønepw am{Xta ÿnXn sNøm-\m-hp-I-
bp-≈q. Fs‚ tai-∏p-dsØ ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ Cs∂mcp tdmkm-]pjv]w
Ccn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ thsdmcp tdmkm-]p-jv]Ø - n\v B ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬
Ccn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Hcp ]qhn\p am{Xta ÿnXn sNøm≥ AXn¬ CS-
ap-≈q. At∏mƒ B ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ Ccn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp∂
At\Iw ]q°-fp-≠v. ]q∏m-{XsØ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw Ah-sb√mw
]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ C√m-Øh - b- m-Wv. AXm-bXv B Htc-sbmcp tdmkm]qhv
A√m-Øs - X√mw C√mØh-bm-Wv. Ah-sb√mw A\y-`m-Ka - m-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v A\r-Xh - p-am-Wv. Ak-Xy-hpam-Wv.
CXp-t]mse ico-c-ß-fpsS Xe-Øn¬ H∂n¬ thsdm-∂n\p ÿnXn
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ {io_p-≤\v ÿnXn sNøm≥
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Itk-c-bn¬ tai°pw ÿnXn sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
H∂n¬ thsdm-∂ns‚ A`m-hsØ \mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. Cu thsdm-∂p-
I-sfms° A\y-bm-Wv. s]menbpanX\y F∂v KpcpXs∂ ]d-™n-´p-
≠v. CsX√mw Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Ipg-a-dn-®n-ep-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ hfsc
A\m-bm-k-ambn Kpcp CXns\ kao-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv:
F∂m¬ Hcp kØ Aev]w-t]m-epw aß-te¬°msX Cu ico-c-
߃s°√mw B[m-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXv Bfl-k-Ø-bm-Wv. AXv
DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-ß-fn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. Fs¥√mw ChnsS Dcp-th-¥n-bncn°p-
∂pt≠m Ah-sb√mw B Bfl-kØ - b
- psS Dcp-hß
- f
- m-W.v AXp-sIm≠v
AXns\ D]-\n-jØ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv EXw F∂m-W.v Cu {]m]-©n-Ii - c
- o-c-
ßsf apgp-h≥ EX-ambn Adn-bW - w. Cu Adn-hmWv imiz-Xa - mb Pohn-
XsØ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂X - .v
 87
X\n-sb-bn-sXm-s°-bp-ap≠p XΩn-temtcm˛
cn\-an-X-cß-fn-en-√-,bn-{]-Imcw
X\p apX-em-bXp kØp-a√tbm¿Øm˛
e\r-X-hp-a-√-X-hm-Ny-am-bn-Sp-∂p.

X\nsb CsXm-°-bpap≠v ˛ Hmtcmtcm hkvXp-°sf H‰-bvs°m-

‰°v FSp-Øp-t\m-°n-bm¬
CsX√mw D≈-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
XΩn¬ Hmtcm C\w ˛ XΩn¬ Hcn\w
CX-c-ß-fn-en√ ˛ as‰m-cn-\-Øn¬ C√
C{]-Imcw ˛ CXp-t]mse
X\p apX-em-bXv ˛ icocw apX-em-bh
kØp-a√ ˛ kØ-bp-≈-X√.
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ ]cn-tim-[n-®p- t\m-°n-bm¬
A\r-X-hp-a√ ˛ Ah C√m-Ø-Xp-a√.
AXv Ahm-Ny-am-bn-Sp∂p ˛ AXp hm°p-sIm≠v samgn-bm-\m-
hm-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p.

Hmtcm-∂n-t\bpw FSp-Øp-t\m-°n-bm¬ F√m-‰n\pw D◊bp-≠v.

tXß-bp-≠v, amß-bp-≠v, ]ip-hp-≠v, \mb-bp-≠v, ag-bp-≠v, shbn-ep-≠v.
shbn-¬ C√ F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. amß- C√ F∂p ]d-bp-
hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√. F∂m¬ ]ip-hn¬ IpXn-cb - n-√. ]ip Hcp C\-am-Wv.
IpXnc thsdmcp C\-am-Wv. H∂n¬ thsdm-∂ns‚ C√mbva hcp-∂X - p-
sIm≠v icocw kØm-sW∂v ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bmØXv. kØm-sW-¶n¬
Fhn-sSbpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. kØ°v C√m-bvab - n-√.
kØ°v C\-an-√. kØ kam-\m-[n-Ic - W
- a- m-Wv. F∂m¬ amdn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p∂ ico-c-߃ C√m-bva°v hg-ßn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬,
\in-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahbv°p kzbw D◊-bn-√ F∂p ]d-bm≥
Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ Ahsb ]q¿Æ-ambpw C√ F∂p ]d-bm-\pam-hp-
∂n-√.
\√ XWp-∏p≈ cm{Xn-bn¬ Iºn-fn-∏p-X∏ - p-sIm≠p ]pX-b° v p-tºmƒ
XWp∏v AI-∂p- t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v. NqSp In´p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-. Iºnfn C√
F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Iºn-fn°v hymh-lm-cn-Ia - mb AkvXn-X-
bp-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v AXv A\r-Xh - p-a√
- . ico-cß - f- psS temI-Øn¬ Hcp-
Xcw A\n¿h-N\ - o-bX Xßn-\n¬°p-∂p-≠.v Fs¥-Sp-Ømepw Ds≠∂pw
Cs√∂pw Htc-ka - bw ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw? Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw Hcp-an®p
]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. \ap-s°mcp icn-bmb ho£-Wt- Im¨
C√m-ØX - p-sIm-≠mWv Cu sshcp≤yw P\n-°p-∂X - v. Bfl-ÿn-X\- mb
Hcp-h\v Cu sshcp-≤y-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw hen-
sbmcp D◊-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Gdn-am-dn-Øn-cn-be - m-Wv. AXp Xncn-®d- n-b-
Ww. Ahm-Ny-amb H∂mWv temIw.
88
kI-e-hp-ap-≈-Xp-Xs∂ XØz-Nn-¥m-˛
{K-l-\nXp k¿∆hp-ta-I-ambv {Kln°pw
AI-ap-J-am-b-dn-bm-bvIn¬ ambbmw h≥˛
]I ]eXpw {`a-ta-In-Sp∂p ]mcw.

kI-ehpw D≈-Xp-Xs∂ ˛ F√mw D◊-bp-≈-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l≥ ˛ XØzsØ a\\wsNbvXp a\- n-
em-°p-∂-h≥
CXp k¿∆hpw ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb apgp-h≥
temItØbpw
GI-ambv {Kln°pw ˛ Htc-sbmcp D◊-bmbn Df-f-dnbpw.
AI-ap-J-ambv ˛ Bflm-`n-ap-J-ambn
Adn-bm-bvIn¬ ˛ Adn-bm™m¬
ambbmw h≥]I ˛ amb-bm-Ip∂ henb i{Xp
]eXpw ˛ \m\m-Xz-_p-≤nsb DW¿Øn
{`ata-In-Sp∂p ]mcw ˛ henb {`aw D≠m-°p-∂p.

temIw anYy-bm-sW∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ B Z¿i-\sØ Bfp-Iƒ

sIm≈cp-Xm-ØXpw _p≤n-iq-\y-hp-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v i¶-
cm-Nm-cy¿ ‘{_“-kXyw PK∑nYym’ F∂p ]d-™t- ∏mƒ euIn-It- `m-Kn-
Iƒ ]c-a] - p-—t- ØmsS AXns\ hymJym-\n-®p. BNm-cy-kzm-an-Iƒ ‘Pothm
{_-ss“h \m]cm’ F∂p IqSn Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂p-≠.v {_“-amWv kXyw.
PKXv anYy-bm-W.v Poh≥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv {_“wXs∂-bm-W,v thsd
H∂pw A√ F∂mWv i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-™X - ns‚ A¿∞w. anYy F∂p
]d-™m¬ C√m-Øs - X-∂√- . kz¥-ambn D◊ C√m-ØXpw amdn-s°m-≠n-
cn-°p-∂Xpw F∂mWv B hm°ns‚ A¿∞w. \ma-cq-]m-flI - a
- mb F√mw
Bfl-km-£m-XI v m-cØ- n-\p-ff Hcp D]mbw F∂ \nebv°p am{X-amWv
i¶-c≥ anYy-bmbn ]d-bp-∂X - .v {_“-km-£m-XI v r-X\v F√mw H-tc-sbmcp
kXyw am{Xw. B A¿∞-Øn-emWv ChnsS \mcm-bW - Kpcp kI-ehpw
D≈Xp-Xs∂ F∂p Dd-∏n-®p-]d - b
- p-∂X
- .v
 Cu ImW-s∏-Sp-∂s - X√mw D≈-Xp-Xs - ∂. C√m-ØX - √
- . F∂m¬ Ch-
sb√mw thsd-thsd D≈-X-√. F√m-‰n\pw IqSn H‰ D◊tb D≈q.
Aßs\ k¿h-Øn-s‚bpw D◊ H∂m-sW∂p A\p-`h - n-®d- n-bp∂ Bsf-
bmWv XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l≥ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂X - v. \mw XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l-
\m-bX - n-\p-tijw Cu temI-Øn¬ F¥p thW-sa-¶nepw `pPn-®p-sIm-
≈q. _‘\w D≠m-hp-Ib - n-√. H∂mbn Adn-bmsX kI-ehpw D≈Xp-
Xs∂ F∂p hnNm-cn®v temI-t`m-Py-ßsf DÆm≥ t]mbm¬ Ah
t`m‡m-hns\ sIWn-bn¬ hogvØpw. Cu sIWn Hcp-°n-h® - n-cn-°p-∂Xv
amb-bm-Ip∂ h≥]-I-bm-Wv. \nß-fn¬ Hcp i{Xp \n߃s°-Xnsc
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. \n߃ sNbvX GtXm Hcp sX‰n\v ]I ho´m-\p-
≈ {ia-Øn-emWv AXv \ntj-[m-flI - a
- mb coXn-bn¬ \nß-fpsS I¿Ω-
ßsf hnI-ea - m-°p-∂X - v. thZm-¥Ø - n¬ am{X-a√ amb-bp-≈X - v. F√m
a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw Pohn-XØ - n¬ D◊sb H∂mbn {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bmØ
Hcp ÿnXnhnti-ja - p-≠v.
sltK¬ F∂ Nn¥-I≥ CXns\ negativity F∂mWv hnfn-®X - v.
Cu \ntj-[m-fl-I-amb amb h∂m¬ \m\m-Xz-_p-≤n-bmWv ]ns∂
{]h¿Øn-°p--I. ]e-]e ck-ßfpw ]e-]e XmXv]c - y-ßfpw hntcm[hpw
shdp∏pw F√mw IqSn-°e - ¿∂v a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Xmdp-am-dm-Ipw. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv Bflm-hns\ AI-ap-Ja- mbv Adn-tb-≠n-hc - p-∂X- .v _¿Kvks‚ XØz-
Nn-¥b- nse intuition \pw AI-ap-Ja - mbn Adn-bp-∂Xpw Htc Adn-hp-Xs - ∂-
bm-W.v GI-Xz-{K-lW - _ - p-≤n-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu intuition k - w-`h - n-°p-∂X - .v
AXn-\m¬ Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw H∂mbn Adn-bp-I. H∂mbn IcpXn B\-
µn-°p-I.

89
Adn-hn-en-cp∂k-Z-kvXn-sb-∂-kwJyw
s]mcn-bn-f-In-`p-h\w kv^pcn-°-bmte
Adn-hns\ hns´mcp hkvXp-h-\y-an-s√˛
∂dn-b-W-ao-b-dn-ssh-I-cq-]y-ta-Ipw.
Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hn-en-cp∂v
AkZv AkvXn F∂v ˛ Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw Htc-k-abw
tXm∂-Ø° hn[-Øn¬
AkwJyw ˛ I-W-°‰
s]mcn CfIn ˛ Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ Cf-In-sØ-dn®v
`ph\w ˛ {]]©w
kv^pcn-°-bmte ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw thdn´
Hcp hkvXp A\y-an-s√∂v˛ thsdmcp kØ Cs√∂v
Adn-bWw ˛ Adn-b-Ww.
Cu Adnhv ˛ Cß-s\-bp-ff ⁄m\w
sFI-cq-]y-taIpw ˛ GI-cq]w \¬Ipw

Htc XØzw Xs∂-bmWv ]e-hn[ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn-eqsS Kpcp Bhn-

jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp t«mIw thsdmcp t«mI-Øn\p ]Icw
hbv°m\pw Bhp-∂-X-√. AXns‚ coXn-hn-[m-\-Øn-\p (methodol-
ogy) hyXym-k-ap-≠v. \sΩ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Adnhv F∂ hm°v
tIƒ°p-tºmƒ a\- n¬ ]Xn-™p-t]mb Iptd A¿∞-ß-fmWv
s]m¥n-h-cn-I. F∂m¬ CXp-hsc \Ωƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p≈ A¿∞-
Øn-sem-∂p-a√ Kpcp Adn-sh∂v {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Cw•ojp `mj-bn¬
awareness F∂pw consciousness F∂pw GXm-s≠ms° ASp-
Øp-hcm-hp∂ c≠p kw⁄-If - p-≠v. F∂m¬ ]m›m-Xy¿°v Cu c≠p
hm°p-Ifpw Ah-cp-tS-Xm-bn-´p-≈ A¿∞-I-ev]-\-I-fn-eq-sStb a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - p-≈q. AXp-sIm-≠mWv C{X-am-{Xw hni-Zo-Ic
- W
- hpw
hn]p-e-\hpw \¬tI≠nhcp-∂-Xv.
A·n-IpWvUw \Ωƒ I≠n-´nt√? AXn¬\n∂pw Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ
NnX-dn-sØ-dn-°p-∂X
- p-t]m-se-bmWv temIw {]Xo-Xa - m-Ip-∂X
- v. B {]Xo-
Xn-bmIs´ hfsc £W-am-{X-amb t\cta \ne-\ne-\n¬°p-∂p-ff - q. Hcp
Xos∏mcn Ipd-®p-t\cw hmbp-hn¬ Xßn-\n∂v Nmc-ambn Xocp-∂p. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv Ak-Zv- -AkvXn ˛ Cs√∂pw Ds≠∂pw ]d-bm-hp∂
AkwJyw Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ Cf-Ip-∂p F∂p Kpcp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Htc-k-a-bw-Xs∂ kZv`m-hhpw Ak-Zv`m-hhpw temI-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-
X-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Adn-hm-Is´ kØm-am-{X-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. B kØ-
bn¬ \n∂mWv kØpw AkØpw IqSn-°-e¿∂ `ph\w P\n-°p-∂-Xv.
CXn¬ Ak-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv amb-bm-Wv. amb Adn-hn¬
\nln-X-am-sW-¶nepw amb-bm¬ A_m-[n-XamWv Adn-hv. ambsb AXn-
ew-Ln-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIh-e-amb Adn-hn\v \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥ Ign-
bpw. F∂m¬ Poh-Xm-Zm-fly-ap-≠m-bm¬ Cu amb Ahn-Zym-cq-]-Øn¬
F√m Pohn-I-fnepw hkn-°pw.
Aß-s\-bmWv temIw Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw apd-amdn {]I-S-am-Ip-
∂-Xv. hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw, Hm¿Ωbpw ad-hnbpw, DW¿hpw Dd-
°hpw F√mw amb-bpsS hcp-Xn-bn¬ hcp-∂X - m-Wv. F∂m¬ Adn-hns‚
tIh-e-kz-cq-]-Øn¬ Cu Zzµzm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \ns∂ms° hnap-‡n-bp-
≠v. Adn-hns\ hns´mcp hkvXpA\y-an-s√∂v AXp-sIm-≠-dn-b-Ww.
F∂m¬ am{Xta ChnsS ImWp∂ \m\m-cq-]-ß-fnepw sFIy-Øns‚
{]Im-i-[m-csb hnf-°n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
 90
A\r-X-sam-c-kvXn-Xtb ad-bv°p-I-ns√˛
∂\p-`-h-ap≠p kZ-kvXn-sb-∂n-hÆw
A\p-]-Z-a-kvXn-X-bm-en-Xm-hrXw kZv˛
L\-a-Xn-\mse Itf-_-cm-Zn-Im-cyw.

A\r-Xw ˛ AkXyw
Hc-kvXn-Xsb ad-bv°p-In√ ˛ kXysØ ad-bv°p-I-bn√
kZv AkvXn F∂n-hÆw˛ Bfl-kØ Ds≠-∂p-ff Xc-Øn-ep-≈
F∂ A\p-`-h-ap≠v ˛ A\p-`hw F√m-h¿°pap≈-XmW.v
A\p-]Zw ˛ Hmtcm A\p-`-hhpw
AkvXn-X-bm¬ ˛ kØm-tNX-\-bm¬
CXm-hrXw ˛ \nd-hp≈-XmW.v
AXn-\mse ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
Itf-_-cmZn Imcyw ˛ icocw XpS-ßnb Imcy-{]-]©w
apgp-h\pw
kZvL\w ˛ kØn-\m¬ hym]vX-am-Wv.

Hcp \pW ]d-™m¬ B I≈w s]mfn-bm-Xn-cn-°W - s- a-¶n¬ \nc-

¥cw \pW-Iƒ ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°W - w. F∂mepw kXyw Fs∂-¶nepw
Xe \o´n ]pd-Øp-hc - m-Xn-cn-°n-√. kXyw F{X ad-®p-h® - mepw adt™
Ccn-°p-∂p-ff - q. C√m-XmbnØocp-∂n-√. \Ω-psS kmaq-ln-IX - bpw aXhpw
hnZym-`ym-khpw amaq-ep-Ifpw F√mw hymP-am-W.v Cu hymP-Po-hn-XØ - ns‚
]cn-cw-`W
- Ø - n¬s∏´n-cn-°p∂ km[m-cW - a
- \
- p-jy\v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw kXy-
Øns‚ Hcp t\¿Ø A\p-`hw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√. AtXmsS At±-
lw kXysØ ]q¿Æ-ambn Adn-bm≥ th≠n-bp-ff {iaw Bcw-`n-°pw.
Ccp-fS- ™ K¿Ø-ßf - n-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßp∂ P\m-he - n-sb t- \m°n
tbip ]d™p: ‘\n߃ temI-Øns‚ shfn-®-am-Wv. ae-ap-I-fn¬
]WnX Hcp \K-csØ H∂p-sIm≠pw ad-®p-h-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-
√.’ \mw F{X \ntj-[n-®mepw \Ω-fn¬ a-d™n-cn-°p∂ kØm-tN-X-
\sb Fß-s\-bmWv C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bpI? ‘Rm≥ C√,’ ‘Rm≥
C√’ Fs∂m-cmƒ hnfn-®p-]-d-™m¬ Abmƒ C√m-Xm-Iptam? ‘Rm≥
A⁄m-\n-bm-Wv’, ‘Rm≥ A⁄m- \ n- b mWv ’ F∂p ]d- ™ m¬
Abmƒ A⁄m-\nbm-Iptam? ⁄m\w-sIm-≠t√ Abm-fXv ]d-b-
p∂Xv? ⁄m\-an-√m-™m¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Abmƒ A⁄m-\n-bm-
sW∂v Adn-bpI? AXp-sIm≠v kØsb Hcn-°epw
AkXywsIm≠p ad-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. kXyw imiz-X-am-
Wv. A\rXw Aim-iz-X-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Hmtcm A\p-`-h-Ønepw \nd-
™n-cn-°p∂ D◊Xs∂-bmWv F√m {]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°-fnepw \nd-
™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-s\-bmWv kZvL\w F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\p-
jy\pw Dc-K-ßfpw ]£n-Ifpw arK-ßfpw ama-e-Ifpw aÆpw hnÆpw
F√mw kZvL-\-am-Wv. kZvL-\-ambn Adn-bp-tºm-gmWv At\-I-X-
Iƒ Xntcm-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ kZm-\-µ-ambn \ap°p Pohn-°m≥
Ign-bp-∂p.

91
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w
\nb-X-hp-a-ßs\ Xs∂ \nev°-bmte
{]nb-a-P-a-hy-b-a-{]-ta-b-ta-Im˛
Zzb-an-Xp-Xm≥ kpJ-am¿∂p \n∂n-Sp∂p.

{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn ˛ kpJ-ap-≠m-°p∂ hnjbw

t\Sm-\mbn
sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w ˛ \mw {]bXv\w sNøp∂p.
\nb-Xhpw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
Aß-s\-Xs∂ ˛ kpJw-tX-Sp∂ hy{KX
\n¬°-bmte ˛ \ne-\n¬°pw.
{]nbw ˛ {]nbw
APw ˛ AXv P\n°m-Ø-XmWv.
Ahybw ˛ AXv \mi-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.
A{]-tabw ˛ AXv Adn-hn\v hnj-b-am-hm-Ø-XmWv.
GIm-Zzbw ˛ AXv GIhpw AZz-b-hp-amWv.
CXp-Xm≥ ˛ Cu {]nbw Xs∂-bmWv
kpJ-am¿∂p \n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ B\-µ-kz-cq-]ambn \n¬°p-∂-Xv.

a\p-jy≥ Hcp kXym- t \z- j nbm- I p- ∂ - X n- \ p- a pºv kzm`m- h n- I -

ambnXs∂ Hcp kpJm-t\z-jn-bm-W.v kpJ-hn-jb - ß- ƒ tXSn-bmWv Ah≥
Ae-bp-∂X - v. hni∏v Hcp ZpxJ-am-Wv. t]mj-WØ - ns‚ A`m-ha - mWv hni-
s∏∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. B ZpxJsØ \nhm-cWw sNøp-hm≥ A∂sØ
Xnc-bp-∂p. hni-∏S- ß- n-bm¬ kpJ-ap-≠m-bn. At∏mƒ Ah≥ IcpXpw
A∂-Øn-emWv kpJw Ccn-°p-∂s - X-∂.v IqSp-X¬ A∂w Ign-®m¬ Aß-
s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ kpJw Int´-≠X -- t√? AsXm-cn-°epw kw`hn-
°p-∂n-√. Hcm-fpsS CjvSh - k
- vXp-hmb ]mbkw Abm-sf-s°m≠v ]Øp
•ms -¶nepw \n¿_-‘n®p IpSn-∏n-®m¬ Abmƒ°v B ]mb-kØ - n-t\mSv
shdp∏p hcm≥ XpS-ßpw. ]mbkw kpJ-hk - vXp-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Abm-fn¬ Fßs\-bmWv ]ns∂ AXv shdp-∏ns\ D≠m°p-∂Xv? \mw
temI-Øn-ep-≈ F√m hnj-bß - f - n-epancn-°p∂ \Ω-fpsS {]nb-Xsb
[ym\m-flI - a
- mbn aqey-hn-th-N\w \SØn t\m°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ {]nb-
Øns‚ t{kmX v hnj-ba - s
- √∂pw {]nb-Øns‚ t{kmX v Bfl-k-
Ø-bm-sW∂pw Adn-bm\m-Ipw. {]nbsØ At\z-jn-®p-≈ bm{X Hcn-
°epw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√.
B¿°mWv kpJw th≠m- Ø Xv ? F∂m¬ £Wn- I - a mb
kpJsØ imiz-X-amb kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n hnth-In-I-fm-b-h¿ XyPn-
°m-dp-≠v. Aßs\ XyPn-°ptºmgpw kpJm-t\z-jWw \nb-X-am-bn-
Xs∂ \n¬°p-∂p. {]nb-hkvXp \nXy-amb B\-µsØ {]Zm\w
sNøp-∂n-S-tØmfw At\z-jWw \o≠p-\o≠p t]mIp-∂p. Bflm-
hn¬ am{Xta \nXy-amb B\µ ap≈q. Bflm-\µw AP-am-Wv. AXv
Fs∂-¶nepw D≠m-bn-´p-≈-X-√. D≠m-Im-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v \in-°p-Ibpw
C√. P\-\hpw hn\m-ihpw IqSmsX B\µw {]Im-in-°p-∂p. a[p-c-
ap-≈ ]mbkw IpSn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ Bflm-\µw A\p-`-hn-°p-
∂-Xv. ]mbkw Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. ck-\-bn-eq-sS-bmWv AX-dn-bp-∂-
Xv. Bflm-\µw Hcp hnj-b-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ A{]-ta-b-am-Wv. C{µn-
b-߃sImt≠m a\- p-sImt≠m Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. hnj-b-
kp-J-߃ At\-I-am-sW-¶nepw Bfl-kpJw GI-am-Wv. AZz-b-hp-
am-Wv. Cu B\-µ-kz-cq-]-ta¥n \mw \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ kw^p-√-
am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
92
hyb-a-W-bmsX shfn°p the sNøpw
\nbaan-cn-∏-Xp-sIm≠p \nXy-amIpw
{]nb-a-Ita ]ncn-bm-sX-bp-≠n-Xn-∂o
{Inb-sbmcp tIhe_mly-enw-K-amIpw.

hyba-W-bmsX ˛ hncm-a-an-√msX
shfn°p the sNøpw ˛ _mly-ambn \mw I¿Ωw sNbvXp-
sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p
\nbaw ˛ F∂ \nbaw
Ccn-∏-XpsIm≠v ˛ Df-f-Xp-Im-cWw
\nXy-amIpw {]nbw ˛ \nXy-amb B\µw
AIta ]ncn-bmsXbp≠v ˛ \Ωn¬ A¥¿\n-ln-X-ambn Ccn-
°p-∂p-≠v.
CXn∂v ˛ Bflm-\-µ-Øn\v
Cu {Inb ˛ _mly-ambn sNøp∂ {Inb-Iƒ
Hcp _mly-enw-K-amIpw ˛ Bflm-\-µsØ tZymXn-∏n-°p∂
_mlytNjvS-Iƒ am{X-amIpw.
 CXp-hs- c- \mw t]dn-\S- ∂
- n-cp∂ F√m ap≥[m-cW
- I
- t- fbpw XInSw
adn-bv°p∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-ØemWv ‘{]nbw AIta ]ncn-bmsXbp≠v’
F∂p-≈X - v. {]nbw F∂m¬ B\-µw. At∏mƒ ZpxJ-sØ-°p-dn®v IhnX
Fgp-Xn-b-hcpw IY-Iƒ Na-®-hcpw Z¿i-\-߃ Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-®-hcpw
\n¬°-°-≈n-bn-√msX \´w Xncn-tb≠n hcpw. \mw B\-µ-am-Wv, ZpxJ-
a-√. tbip ]d™p: Bflm-hn¬ Zcn-{Z-cm-b-h¿ `mKy-hm-∑m¿ F∂v.
Kpcp AXv Xncp-Øp-∂p: Bflm-hn\p Zmcn-{Zy-an-√. Bflmhv alm-k-º-
∂-\m-Wv. [\y-Xbpw \ndhpw Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Zmcn{ZysØ Hcp
`mKy-ambn Icp-Xp-∂Xv {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-amb Hcp Z¿i-\-am-Wv. {]IrXn
apgp-h≥ hk-¥-k-ao-c-W-\n¬ ]qh-Wn-bp-tºmƒ ]qØp-ºn-Iƒ Xp≈n-
°-fn-°p-Ibpw a[p-a-£n-I-Iƒ aqfn-∏m´p ]mSp-Ibpw tImIn-e-߃
ImIfn ]mSp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Bfl-Z-cn-{Z-\m-b-h≥ KZvKZw s]mgn-
°p-∂Xv DØ-a-amb Z¿i-\-am-bn-cn-°n-√. F√m krjvSn-Ifpw B\-µ-
Øn¬\n∂mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. anYp-\-ß-fpsS -kwtbmKw Zpc-¥-
]q¿Æ-a√. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ {]nbX Df-hm-°p∂ t{]c-
Wsb Cu {]m]-©n-I-X-bn¬ ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp \¿ØIn
\rØ-am-Sp-tºmƒ Ag-Im¿∂ AwK-N-e\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw \b-\-ß-
fnepw apJØpw ]cn-tim-`n-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ {]km-Zm-fl-I-X-bn¬\n∂pw
Hs° \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv, D≈n-en-cn-°p∂ B\-µ-amWv ]pdsØ
Ne-\sØ krjvSn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv.
F√m- h - c p- t Sbpw D≈n¬ \nXy- a mb B\µw Bfl- k - Ø -
bn¬\n∂pw ]ncn-bmsX Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v. \mw sNøp∂ {Inb-I-sf√mw
AXns‚ _mly-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-߃ am{X-am-Wv. Nn{X-Im-c≥ Nn{Xw
hc-°p-∂Xpw I¿j-I≥ hb-en¬ hnØn-d-°p∂Xpw Bimcn ac-Øn¬
sImØp-∂Xpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ kmln-Xy-߃ Ipdn®n-Sp-∂Xpw F√mw
B\-µ-Øns‚ _mly-enw-K-ß-fm-Wv.
k¿hw ln k®n-Zm-\µw
t\l \m\mkvXn In©\.
F√mw k®n-Zm-\µw am{Xw. thsd H∂pw ChnsSbn√. CXmWv Kpcp-
hns‚ Z¿i-\w.

93
Ne-ap-S-e‰ X\n°p Xs‚-bm-flm˛
hnep-a-[nIw {]nb-h-kvXp-hn-√-b\yw
hne-kn-Sp-am-fl-KXw {]nbw hnSmXo
\ne-bn-en-cn-∏-Xp-sIm≠p \nXy-amflm.
New DS-e‰ ˛ am‰-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip∂
 ico-c-tØmSp XmZm-fly-an-√m-Xmb
X-\n°v ˛ Hcp-h\v
Xs‚ Bflm-hnepw ˛ Xs‚ Bflm-hn-t\-°mƒ
A[nIw {]nb-hkvXp ˛ A[nIw {]nb-s∏-´-Xmb hkvXp A\y-w
C√ ˛ as‰-hn-sSbpw C√.
hne-knSpw ˛ kv]jvS-ambn A\p-`-hn-°p∂
Bfl-K-X-{]nbw ˛ Bflm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ {]nbw
hnSmsX ˛ hn´p-t]m-ImsX
Cu \ne-bn¬ ˛ CtX \ne-bn¬Xs∂
Ccn-∏-Xp-sIm≠v ˛ XpS-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Bflm \nXyw ˛ Bflmhv \nXy-amWv.

icocw am‰-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Wv. Hcp inip-hm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ

icocw \t∂ arZphpw Zp¿_-e-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ B DS¬X-
s∂-bmWv _mey-Øn-eq-sSbpw Iuam-c-Øn-eq-sSbpw buh-\-Øn-
eqsSbpw hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-
c-Øns‚ Cu Ne-\-kz-`m-h-hp-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏-´m¬ kpJ-Zpx-J-߃
amdn-amdn h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
{io_p-≤s‚ ASpØv Hcp bphXn Xs‚ acn-®p-t]mb Ip™n-s‚
ih-ic - o-ch
- p-ambn FØn. Ahƒ tIWp-Ic - ™
- p- sIm≠v {io_p-≤t- \mSv
At]-£n®p: ‘Fs‚ Htc-sbmcp Ip™v acn-®p-t]m-bn. F\n-°n\n Bcp-
an-√. Atß-s°s‚ Ip™n\v ]p\¿P∑w \¬Im-\m-hpw.’ _p≤≥ bp-h-
Xnsb t\m°n. Ah-fpsS ssZ\y-Xb - n¬ Aenhp tXm∂nb _p≤-`K - -
hm≥ ]d-™p: ‘\o Fhn-sS-\n-s∂-¶nepw Hcp ISp-Ip-aWn hmßn-s°m≠p
hcq. Bcpw acn-°mØ ho´n¬\n-∂m-bn-cn-°Ww ISp-Ip-aWn sIm≠p-h-
cp-hm≥.’
Iri-Ku-Xan F∂mWv B bph-Xn-bpsS t]cv. Ahƒ Ip™ns\
AhnsS InSØn ISp-Ip-aWn hmßn-°p-hm-\mbn HmSn. BZyw I≠
ho´n¬ Ibdn. AhnsS ISp-Ip-≠v. ]t£, B Krl-\m-Ys‚ A—≥
Ipd-®p-\m-fp-Iƒ°p-ap-ºmWv acn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. k‘y-bm-Ip-thmfw hoSp-
IƒtXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßn-bn´pw Bcpw acn-°mØ ho´n-¬\n∂pw KuX-
an°v ISp-Ip-aWn In´n-bn-√. Ahƒ°p a\- n-embn acWw F√m- hoSp-
I-fnepw kw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-∂v. Xs‚ Ip™v am{X-a√ acn-®sX∂v. Ah-
fpsS D≈n¬ Adn-hns‚ Xnf-°w A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp
{]im¥n Dudn-°q-Sn. Ahƒ Xncn-®p-h∂v _p≤s‚ Im¬°¬ InS-
Øn-bn-cp∂ Ip™ns\ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mbn kwkvI-cn-®p. F∂n´v
{io_p-≤s‚ injy-bmbn.
DS-en-t\m-Sp≈ {]nbw Gdn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ahƒ°v ZpxJw D≠m-
b-Xv. F∂m¬ Xncn®v AXn-\p-]cn Hcp kXyw Ds≠∂v Ahƒ°v
t_m[y-s∏-´p. Aßs\ Bflm-hn¬ {]nbw P\n-®p. ico-c-Øn-t\m-Sp-
≈ XmZmflyw hnS-Ww. Bflm-hn¬ {]nbw P\n-®m¬ am{Xta DS-en-
t\m-Sp-≈ cmKw A‰p-t]m-hp-Ib - p-≈q. hncmKX ASn-t®¬∏n°m-sX-Xs∂
Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-Ib - mWv th≠Xv. Bflmhv
{]nb-Øns‚ Ccn-∏n-Sa - m-Wv. _rl-Zmc-Wy-tIm-]\ - n-jØ
- n¬ bm⁄-h-
evIy≥ ssat{X-bn-tbmSp ]d-bp∂p: `mcy `¿Øm-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-∂Xv
`¿Ømhn-ep-≈ {]nbw sIm≠-√. Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw-sIm-≠m-Wv.
`¿Ømhv `mcysb kvt\ln-°p-∂Xpw `mcy-bn-ep-≈ {]nbw sIm≠-√.
Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw-sIm-≠m-Wv. Bflm-hn¬ {]nbw P\n-®m¬
H∂nt\mSpw shdp∏p tXm∂p-Ib - n√ . ico-cX
- m-Zm-fly-ap≈-h¿°p am{Xta
shdp∏v F∂ hnImcw P\n-°p-Ib - p-≈q.
‘\ns∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-c-t\bpw kvt\ln-°p-I.’ Cu
Ab¬°mc≥ \ΩpsS Bflm-hmbn hc-Ww. Rm≥ Fs∂ kvt\ln-
°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Ab¬°m-cs\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xv. Bflm-hn-
ep-≈ {]nbw DW¿∂mte B kvt\lw k^-e-am-Iq. ss__n-fn¬
kv t \l- s Ø- ° p- d n®v tbip a[p- t cm- Z m- c - a mbn kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ p.
ssZhw kvt\l-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ Kpcp Bflm-hn-en-cn-
°p∂ {]nbw Xs∂-bmWv ssZhm-\p-`qXn F∂p ]d-bp-I-bmWv sNøp-
∂-Xv. \mw \sΩ \√-hÆw kvt\ln-°p-I. Ne-ap-S-e‰v kvt\ln-°p-
I. At∏mƒ B\µw kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-bmbn amdpw.
kzm`m- h nIw F∂m¬ Cgn- h n- √ mØ B\- µ - a m- W v . AXp- s Im≠v
B\µw Bflm- h p- X - s ∂- b m- W v . \ΩpsS F√m A`n- c - a - \ - ß fpw
Bflm- [ n- j v T n- X - a m- b - X p- s Im≠v Bflmhv \nXy- a m- W v . Bflmhv
Fs∂∂pw D≈-Xm-Wv. CXp [ym\n-°p-I.

94
De-I-hp-ap-≈-Xp-am-bv°-e¿∂p \nev°pw
\ne hep-Xm-sbmcp \oXn-tI-Sn-Xt{X,
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X-hm-Mva-t\m-tKm˛
Nc-an-Xn-seßp Ncn-®nSpw {]amWw?

De-Ihpw ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb temIhpw

D≈-Xp-ambn ˛ ]c-a-k-Xy-hp-ambn
Ie¿∂n-\nev°pw \ne ˛ H∂n®p Ie¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ÿnXn
hep-Xmb ˛ hfsc henb
Hcp \oXn-tI-Sn-X-t{X ˛ Hcp \oXn-tI-Sm-Wv, sshcp-≤y-amWv.
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm≥ Acp-XmX ˛ Adp-Xn-bn-√mØ Cu hntcm-[m-`mkw
Ahm-Mva-t\m-tKm-Ncw ˛ hm°p-sIm≠p hnh-cn-°mt\m a\ p-
sIm≠p {Kln-°mt\m Ign-bpI-bn-√.-
CXn¬ ˛ Cu sshcp-≤y-Øn-¬
Fßp Ncn-®nSpw {]amWw? ˛ Fßs\ {]am-W-߃
{]h¿Øn°pw?

shfn-®-ap-≈n-SØv Ccp-´n\p \n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. CXp X¿°-

a‰ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ shfn-®hpw Ccp´pw H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂n-SØp
am{X-amWv {]]-©-{]-XoXn D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ImWm≥
klm-bn-°p-∂Xv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ shfn-®w-sIm-≠p- am-{X-a-√, B
hkvXp-hn\p Ccp-´n-s‚-Xm-bn-´p≈ Hcp ]›m-Ø-ehpw thWw. GXp
cq]w FSp-Ømepw AXn¬ Ccp´pw shfn-®hpap≠v. shfn-®-Øns‚
A`m- h - a mWv Ccp- s ´∂p ]d- b p- ∂ - X v . shfn- ® - Ø n¬Xs∂ Ccp´v
Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CsXmcp henb sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. Ccp-´p-t]m-
se-X-s∂-bmWv \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-am-bn-cn-°p∂ temIw Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. B temIw BXy-¥n-I-am-b- k-Xy-hp-ambn H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv
Zm¿i-\n-I-X-bn¬ hcp∂ Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. AXn-s\bmWv Kpcp
\oXn-tI-sS∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu \oXn-tI-Sns\ Xo¿°p-hm≥ th≠n-
bmWv F√m XØz-Nn-¥-Ifpw Z¿i-\-im-kv{X-ßfpw H∂-s√-¶n¬
thsd Xc-Øn¬ XØz-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n´v C∂pw Cu
{]iv\w ]cn-lr-X-am-bn-´n-√.
{]iv\w F¥mWv? sshcp-≤y-ap-≈ c≠p hkvXp-°ƒ H∂n-®n-cn-
°p∂p F∂p-≈-XmWv {]iv\w. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kXy-Øn\p sshcp-
≤y-an-√. sshcp≤yw \Ω-fn-emWv Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. \Ω-fpsS sshcp-≤y-
amWv kXy-Øn¬ \Ωƒ Btcm-]n-°p-∂-Xv. XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l\v
sshcp-≤y-an-s√∂v Kpcp-Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. hm°p-sImt≠m a\- p-
sImt≠m ]d-bp-hmt\m hnNm-cw-sN-øphmt\m Ign-bm-Ø-XmWv Bfl-
k-Xy-Øns‚ \ne. Cßs\ hm°pw a\ pw {]th-in-°mØ H∂n-
s\-°p-dn®v Fßs\ a\- p-sIm≠v Nn¥n-°m\pw hm°p-sIm≠p ]d-
bm\pw Ignbpw?
F∂m¬ \Ωƒ CXn-s\-°p-dn®v h¿j-ß-fmbn N¿∆n-X-N¿∆Ww
\S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. {]am-W-߃ D≤-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm imkv{X-
Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb {]am-W-ß-fp-≠v. Nm¿∆m-I\pw F∏n°yqd pw
ImWp-∂-Xns\ am{Xta kXy-ambn FÆp-∂p-≈q. Ah¿ {]-Xy-£-
hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. {]Xy£w am{Xta Ah¿°p {]am-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≈q.
Nne¿ A\p-am\tØbpw AXns‚IqsS Iq´pw. At∏mƒ I≠-Xns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A\p-am\w \SØn AXn-eq-sSbpw kXyw Is≠-
Øm≥ {ian-°pw. a\ v Ncn-°mØnSØv A\p-am-\-Øn-\v F¥v kmwK-
Xy-am-Wp-f-fXv? CXp-t]mse D]-am-\w, i_vZw, A¿∞m-]-Øn, A\p-
]-e_v[n F∂o {]am-W-ß-sfms° thZm-¥n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-t]m-
cm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ AsX√mw shdpw t\c-tºm-°p-Iƒ am{Xw. Bfl-
k-Øbpw temIhpw H∂n-®n-cn-°p∂ \ne Hcp A¤p-X-{]-Xn-`m-k-am-
Wv. B {]Xn-`m-ksØ B›-cy-`-cn-X-\mb Hcp inip-hn-s\-t∏mse
I≠n-cn-°m≥ am{Xta H°p-I-bp-≈q. I≠n-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ a\ p
IÆmSn t]mse-bm-I-Ww. AXn\v AsssZz-Xm-\p-`hw D≠m-I-Ww.

95
hn]p-e-X-bm¿∂ hnt\m-Z-hnZy ambm˛
hyh-ln-X-bmbv hne-kp∂ hniz-hocyw
Ch-fn-h-fn-ß-h-Xo¿Æ-bm-bnSpw X˛
∂h-b-h-a-WvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bmIpw
hn]p-e-X-bm¿∂ ˛ A-Xn-cp-I-fn-√mØ
hnt\m-Z-hnZy ˛ Hcp B\-tµm-’-h-amWv
{]]-©-{]-Xn-`mkw
ambm-hy-h-ln-X-bmbv ˛ amb-bm¬ Bhr-X-ambn
hne-kp∂ ˛ {]I-S-am-Ip∂
hniz-hocyw ˛ hniz-ho-cy-amWv
Chƒ ˛ Chƒ.
Chƒ Cßv ˛ Cu hniz-hocyw ChnsS
{]]-©-cq-]-Øn¬
Ah-Xo¿Æ-bm-bnSpw ˛ {]Xy-£-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
X≥ Ah-bhw ˛ hniz-ho-cy-amb Ch-fpsS
Ah-b-h-ß-fmWv
AWvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bm-Ipw˛ FÆ-a‰ £oc-]-Y-߃.

Kmcn kpJmhv F∂ imkv{X-⁄≥ Dancing Wuli Masters

Fs∂mcp {KŸ-sa-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ At±lw {]]©sØ
Du¿÷-tc-Wp-°f - psS kwL-\r-Øambn-´mWv h¿Æn-°p-∂X - v. kwL-
SnX Du¿÷-]S- e - s- Ø-bmWv wuli F∂ ssN\okv ]Zw-sIm≠v A¿∞-
am-°p-∂-Xv. B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xw-t]mepw Du¿÷-I-W-߃ \rØw
sNøp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ \mcm-bW - K
- pcp hniz-X{- ¥sØ Hcp hnt\m-
Z-hn-Zy-bm-bn-´mWv FÆp-∂X - v. B hnt\m-Zh
- n-Zy°v am\-ßf- n-√ (dimen-
sionless). B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ hymJym-\n-®p-X∂ hniz-Nn-{X-Øn\v
\mev am\-ßf - m-Wp-ff - X
- v. \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw, Ne\w F∂n-hb - mWv B
\mep am\-߃. F∂m¬ AXn-cpI-fn-√mØ \S-cm-Ps - ‚ B\-tµm’hw
`mc-XØ - ns‚ mythologyI-fn¬ shdptX ]d-™p-t]m-cp∂ Imev]-
\n-IX
- b
- √
- . sNdnb AWp-hnepw _rl-Ømb BIm-iØ - nepw {Xkn-
®p\n¬°p∂ hniz-ho-cy-Øns‚ X≈n-®s - Im-≠mWv {]]-©h- n-em-kw-
Xs∂ kw`-hn-°p-∂X - v.
hniz-ho-cysØ Chƒ F∂mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X - .v ambmi‡n-bm-WXv.
i‡n inhs‚ hma-`m-Ka- m-W.v i‡n ssN\-°m¿°v yin BWv. Cu i‡n-
sb-Xs - ∂-bmWv _¿Kvk¨ elan vital F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂X - .v {iocm-
a-Ir-jW v ]
- c
- a- l
- w-k¿ {_“sØ tZhn-bm-bn-´mWv Z¿in-°p-∂X - .v AXp-sIm-
≠mWv Kpcp hniz-ho-cysØ Chƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂X - .v Cu ImWm-hp∂
{]]©hpw AXn-\∏ - p-dØ- p-≈Xpw Cu tZhnbpsS AwK-hn-t£-]ß - ƒ am{X-
am-W.v amb hnt£-]i - ‡- n-sIm-≠mWv temIsØ D≠m-°n-°m-Wn-°p-∂X - .v

96
AWp-hp-a-J-WvU-hp-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-∂n˛
ßs\ hne-kp-∂n-cp-`m-K-ambn c≠pw
AW-bp-a-\-¥-c-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-∂o˛
b\p-`hw \ne-b‰p \n∂p-t]mIpw

AWphpw ˛ G‰hpw sNdpXpw

AJ-WvUhpw ˛ G‰hpw hepXpw
AkvXn \mkvXn ˛ D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw
F∂n-ßs\ ˛ F∂Xc-Øn-ep≈ Zzµzm-fl-I-X-bn¬
Ccp-`m-K-ambn ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bpsS c≠p hi-ambn
hne-kp∂p ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂p.
c≠pw AWbpw ˛ Bflm-\p-`-h-tØmsS Zzµz-߃
\in°pw.
A\-¥cw ˛ A\-¥cw
AkvXn \mkvXn ˛ Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw
F∂o A\p-`-hhpw ˛ F∂p≈ A\p-`-hhpw
\ne-b‰p \n∂p-t]mIpw ˛ \ne-\n-¬°m-\m-ImsX
A{]-Xy-£-amIpw

G‰hpw sNdnb H∂n-s\-bmWv AWp F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. G‰hpw

hep-Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At\Iw AWp-°ƒ
tN¿∂mWv Cu {]]-©-Ønse Hmtcm hkvXphpw D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
F√m hkvXp-°fpw H∂n-®p-tN-cp-tºmƒ AXv AJ-WvU-am-bn. Bfl-
kXyw Htc-k-abw sNdp-Xnepw sNdpXpw hep-Xnepw hep-Xp-am-Wv.
AXv Al-¥-bpsS cq]-sa-SpØv k¶p-Nn-X-ambn s]cp-am-dm-dp-≠v.
Al¥ AWpXzw ssIh-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv k¶p-NnXXzw D≠m-Ip-∂-
Xv. Xs‚ hy‡n-K-X-amb kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw Pohn-°p-∂n-SØv
Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw \nIr-jvS-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øn-te°v Xmgp-I-
bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ k¶p-Nn-X-amb Hcp a\- ns\ If™v
hnizsØ apgp-h≥ kvt\ln-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp AJ-WvU-t_m-[-
am-bn-Øo-cp-hm\pw \ap°p Ign-bpw.
{]]©w ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw Npcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ah-ÿ-bn¬
\n∂mWv s]m´n-sØ-dn-®-Xv. Aßs\ s]m´n-sØ-dn® {]]-©-amWv
Ct∏mƒ hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. D≈n-s‚-bp-≈n¬ Npcp-ßn-t∏m-
Ip-tºmƒ \Ωfpw s]m´n-sØ-dn-°mdp-≠v. \Ω-fpsS s]m´n-sØdn
t{Im[m-th-i-Øn-emWv ]cn-W-an-°p-I. AtX- t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv
a\ v D◊-bp-tSbpw C√m-bva-bp-tSbpw {[ph-ß-fn¬ X´n De-bp-∂-
Xv. D◊ {]Xym-im-P-\-I-am-Wv. C√mbva \ncm-im-P-\-I-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ CsXms° tXm∂-ep-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. CsX√mw sI´p-
t]m-Ipw. Xo sISp-∂-Xp-t]m-se. Aßs\ sI´p-t]m-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-
emWv \n¿hmWw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. {io_p≤≥ \n¿hmWw F∂p ]d-
bp-∂Xv a\- ns‚ {[ph-߃°n-Sb - n-ep-≈ Btµm-f\w \ne-bv°p-∂-Xn-
s\-bm-Wv. \n¿hmWw D◊tbm C√m-bvatbm A√. AXp sNdptXm
heptXm A√. AXp hmK-Xo-X-amb A\p-`-h-am-Wv. {]]-©-{]-Xo-Xn-I-
sf√mw \ne-bn-√msX \ne-®p-t]m-Ip∂ Cu A\p-`-h-km-I-eysØ FSp-
Øp-Im-Wn-°m-\mWv Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS Kpcp {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

97
AWp-h-dn-hn≥ aln-am-hn-ew-K-an-√m˛
XW-bp-a-J-WvU-hp-a∂p ]q¿Æ-amIpw
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-dn-ho-e-J-WvUamw NnZv˛
L\-anXp au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw

AWp ˛ Poh≥
Adn-hn≥ ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hns‚
aln-am-hn¬ ˛ al-X-z-Øn¬
AwK-an-√msX ˛ imco-cn-IX A‰p-t]mbn
AWbpw ˛ hnebw {]m]n°pw.
AJ-WvUhpw A∂v ˛ AJ-WvU-amb kXyw At∏mƒ
]q¿Æ-amIpw ˛ ]q¿Æ-Xsb {]m]n°pw.
A\p-`-hn-bmsX Adn-hoe ˛ kzm\p-`qXn hcmsX CX-dn-bn√.
AJ-WvUamw ˛ AJ-WvU-amb
NnZvL-\-anXv ˛ NnZvL-\-am-WnXv.
au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw˛ au\w L\o-`q-X-amb Aar-X-
km-K-c-am-Wn-Xv.
IS¬°-cb - nse ]p¬s°m-Sn-bn¬ Xßn-\n-∂n-cp∂ Pe-IWw IS-
en¬ hoWp. s]s´-∂Xv IS-embn amdn. IW-Øn\p IS-em-Ip-hm≥ Hcp
s\mSn aXn. ]t£, Hcp-]m-Sv ImØn-cp-∂n-´p-thWw IS-eW - b - p-hm≥. AWp-
hmb Poh≥ F{X-sb{X k©-cn-®mWv Bflm-hns‚ Xoc-sØ-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. B aln-X-hn-im-e-Xsb I≠-t∏mƒ Pohs‚ D≈n-s‚-bp-
≈n¬\n∂v Hcp kzcw h∂p. \ns‚ t{kmX- mWv Cu A\-¥X - .- Cu
A\-¥X - b
- n¬ Aen-bm-\mWv \o P\n-®X - v. AXmWv \ns‚ kmbp-Pyw.
Pohs‚ PohXzw Adn-hns‚ al-Xz-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p-cpIn H∂m-bn-
Øo¿∂p. JWvUn-Xa - √
- m-sØmcp t_m[w. A\p-`h - Ø
- ns‚ ]q¿Æn-a.
tX≥ IpSn-®n-´n-√mØ Hcm-tfmSv tX\ns‚ a[p-cn-as - b-°p-dn®v Fßs\
samgn-bm-\mWv? ]d-™mepw Abmƒ°v a\- n-em-hp-Ib - n-√. A¥-cm-flm-
hns‚ tX\nºw kzm\p-`q-Xn-sIm-≠pXs∂ \pW-bW - w. ]ns∂ H∂pw
an≠m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Bfl-im-¥n-bpsS AKm-[X - b -- n¬ au\w XnSw
h®p \n¬°p∂p. L\o-`q-Xa - mb au\w! Nn¥m-cl
- n-Xa - mb `qanI! Aar-
X-Øns‚ \oe-km-Kcw!

98
CXp-hsc \msamcp hkvXp-hn-ß-dn-™o˛
eXn-kp-J-sa-∂-\niw IYn-°-bmte
aXn apX-em-bh amdn-bm-ep-am-fl˛
kzX-b-gn-bm-X-dn-sh∂p sNm√n-tS-Ww.

AXn-kp-J-sa∂v ˛ IqSp-X¬ kpJw thWsa∂v

A\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
IYn-°-bmte ˛ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw
CXp-hsc ˛ C{Xbpw Ime-am-bn´pw
\mw ˛ \mw
Hcp hkvXp ˛ GI-amb Bfl-hkvXp
Cß-dn-™oe ˛ ChnsS Adn-™-tX-bn-√.
aXn apX-em-bh ˛ \m\m-Xz-{`-a-Øn\v CS hcp-Øp∂
Nn¥-Iƒ
amdn-bmepw ˛ C√m-Xm-bmepw
Bfl-kzX ˛ Bfl-kzXzw
AgnbmX Adn-sh∂v ˛ Agn-hn-√mØ Adn-hm-sW∂v
sNm√n-tSWw ˛ samgn-™n-tSWw

kpJ-hn-jb - ß- ƒ°p ]n∂mse ]c°w ]mbp∂ a\p-jy≥ Bfl-

im¥n Fs¥∂v Adn-bp-∂n-√. kpJ-hn-jb - ß- sf hn]p-es - ∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p∂ imkv{Xhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbpw Ht´sd {]hr-≤-am-bn-°-gn-
™p. Hmtcm cmjv{Shpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-\ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hm≥ imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-IX-Isf hnI-kn-∏n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
\√ hoSv, \√ Im¿, \√ hkv{Xw, cpNn-Ic - a- mb `£-Wß - ƒ CsXms°
kpJm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-ep-ff Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv. ‘Hcp kpJ-
Øn¬\n∂v AXnepw sa®-ap-≈ thsdmcp kpJ-Øn-te° v ’ AXmWv
\ΩpsS ap{Zm-hm-Iyw. AXp-sIm≠v Zn\w-{]Xn ^mj≥ amdp-∂p. A`n-
cp- N n- I ƒ amdp- ∂ p. _‘- ß ƒ DS- ® p- h m¿Øp- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.
AXn-kp-J-sa∂v A\niw IYn-°-bm-te. kpJw thWw kpJw
thWw F∂mWv ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂ FhnsS-bmWv
\ap°v \sΩ Adn-bp-hm≥ t\cw? \mw \ΩpsS {]im-¥n-bpsS XocØv
CØn-cn-t\-c-sa-¶nepw Ccp-∂n-´pt≠m? \ΩpsS Bflm-hns‚ {]W-h-
a¿Ω-c-ßsf C\n-a-tbmsS Bkz-Zn-®n-´p-t≠m? \mw \ΩpsS Bflm-
hns‚ Bg-ta-dnb hnlm-b- n¬ t`Z-ß-fn-√msX Hcn-°-se-¶nepw hne-
bn-®n-´pt≠m? Cs√∂p ]d-tb≠n hcpw. \mw H∂pw Adn-™n-´n-√.
F∂m¬ Adn-bm≥ th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p A°m-Z-an-I-fn¬ t]mbn ]Tn-
®-Xv. A°m-Z-an-Iƒ aXn-h¿≤n-\n-I-fm-Wv. aXn F∂m¬ _p≤n-bm-Wv.
hyh-t—-Zn-°p∂ _p≤n. aXn h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Al-ΩXn
F∂p ]d-bpw. Al-Ω-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ø-s∏´ PohnXw
]fp-¶p-sIm-´mcw t]mse-bmWv. sNdn-sbm-cm-LmXw aXn. XI¿∂p
Xcn-∏-W-am--Ipw.
Fs¥√mw {]bm-k-ß-fmWv a\p-jy≥ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv? GIm-
¥-Xbpw \ncm-ibpw DXvI-WvTbpw `oXn-bp-sa√mw Hcp-hs‚ hy‡n-
XzsØ Im¿∂p-Xn-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂mepw \mw Adn-hm-f-
∑m-sc-t∏mse kwkm-cn-°pw. F\n-s°s∂ Adn-bm-sa∂p hºp ]d-
bpw. F∂m¬ Bfl-kzm-X{¥yw B\p-`q-Xn-I-am-Wv. AXp {]im-
¥n-bpsS el-cn-bmWv. hnjm-Z-—-hn-bn-√mØ NnZm-Im-i-am-Wv. AXn-
s\-bmWv Bfl-kzX F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcn-°epw \in-®p-t]m-
ImØ Cu A¥¿⁄m\w ho≠pw ho≠pw \mw Adn-™p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°-Ww. ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
 99
Adn-h-l-sa-∂-Xp-c-≠p-ta-I-am-am˛
hc-W-sam-gn-™-h\\y\p≠p hmZw
Adn-hns\ hn´-l-a-\y-am-Ip-sa-∂m˛
edn-hn-s\-bn-ß-dn-bm-\p-am-cp-an-√.

Adnhv ˛ tIh-e-amb Adnhv

Alw F∂Xp c≠pw ˛ Rm≥ F∂p≈ c≠pw
Bh-cWw Hgn-™-h\v ˛ ambm-ad amdn-b-h\v
GIamw ˛ GIamWv.
A\y\v ˛ Bh-cWw Hgn-bm-Ø-h\v
hmZ-ap≠v ˛ C°m-cy-Øn¬ X¿°-ap-≠v.
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ ]c-a-amb Adn-hn¬\n∂v
Alw ˛ Rm≥
A\y-amIpw F∂m¬ ˛ thsdbm-sW∂p h∂m¬
Adn-hns\ ˛ Cu Adn-hns\
Cßv Adn-bm\pw ˛ ChnsS Adn-bm\pw
Bcp-an√ ˛ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.

Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw awKfw ]mSp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn AXns‚

kn≤m¥w Hcn-°¬°qSn Ac-°n´v Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. B kn≤m¥w CXm-
Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw c≠-√. GI-am-Wv. ]t£, Cu GIXzw Adn-bm-
Ø-h-sc-°p-dn®p≈ ]cn-K-W-\bpw Kpcp hn´p-If-bp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv Bh-c-W-sam-gn-™-h¿°p am{X-amWv Adn-hn-t‚bpw Al-Øn-
t‚bpw GIm-fl-IX D◊-bn¬ sXfn-™p-h-cp-∂p-≈q. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp
B GIm-fl-I-X-bpsS Pohn-°p∂ km£y-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¿h-Ønepw
Xs∂bpw, Xs∂ k¿h-Ønepw I≠-dn-bp-∂h - ¿ Imcp-Wy-im-en-If
- mWv.
Atd-_y≥ aW-em-c-Wy-Øn¬ sIm≠p-]n-Sn® lnwk-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw
{]hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZp\_n Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-amb
PohnXw temI-Øn\p ImWn®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Pdp-k-te-anepw tPm¿Zm≥
\Zo-X-Sß-fnepw tbip hnfw-_cw sNbvX kvt\l-k-tµiw AssZz-
X-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂v Dd-h-sIm-≠-Xmbn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw Fs‚ ]nXmhpw
c≠√ F∂p ]d™ tbip [n°m-cn-b-√. Ffn-b-h-\n¬ Ffn-b-hs‚
kzc-amWv AXn¬ [z\n-°p-∂X - v. AssZz-XØ- ns‚ emfn-Xy-Øn¬ [n°m-
c-Øns‚ kzcw tIƒ°p-∂Xv A⁄m-\w-sIm-≠m-Wv. Adn-h-l-sa-∂-
Xp-c≠
- p-ta-Ia
- mw. F{X at\m-lc- a- mb {]Jym-]\- a
- m-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ Cdm-
Jn¬h®v Hcp kq^n-h-cy≥ CtX- kXyw temI-Øn-t\mSp sXm≠-bn-S-
dn-sIm≠v hnfn®p ]d-™p. A\¬ l°v ˛ Rm\mWv kXyw F∂v.
At∏mƒ At±-lsØ Kf-t—ZwsNbvXp. Cu Ak-ln-jvWpX t{]m’m-
l-\o-b-a-√.
‘A\¬lJv’ F∂v a¨kq¿ A¬l÷v F∂ kq^n-k-∂ymkn
samgn-™-t∏mƒ AXns‚ A¿∞w km{º-Zm-bnI-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v lrZ-b-
I-tTm-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Rm\pw kXyhpw c≠√ F∂mWv AXns‚
A¿∞w. kzm`m-hn-I-amb ⁄m\-Øn¬ c≠n-√. ]t£, ssZh-Øn\pw
a\p-jy\pw CS-bn¬ A⁄m-\-Øns‚ hen-sbmcp ]SpX C´n-´p-≠v.
B ]SpX ambm-a-d-bm-Wv. AXp t]mbm¬ a\p-jy≥ ]pXn-sbmcp hk-
¥m-cm-a-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°pw. temIw H∂mbn ImWm≥ B{K-ln-
°p∂ kØp-°ƒ Xncn-®-dn-tb≠ Hcp kwKXn, Zzµz-߃ ]q¿Æ-ambn
A‰p-t]m-I-Ww F∂p-f-f-Xm-Wv. Adn-hns\hn´v Rm≥ A\y-am-sW∂p
hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ kzbw D◊bn√mØ H∂m-bn-Øo-cm≥ CS-
bp-≠v. c≠p D◊-Iƒ Hcn-°epw km[q-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. Cu
hnizw apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp D◊-bm-Wv. AXns‚ Xmf-`-{ZX \Ωƒ
A\p-\n-anjw A\p-`-hn-®p--t]m-cp-∂p-ap≠v. Rm≥ Cs√∂p hcn-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ Adn-hns\ Adn-bp-hm≥ ChnsS Bcpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.
AXp-sIm≠v Rm\pw Adnhpw H∂m-Wv. Fs∂hn´v Adnhpw C√. Adn-
hns\hn´v Rm\pan√. a{µa-[p-c-amb kwKo-X-at√ Cu D◊!

100
AXp-an-Xp-a√ kZ¿∞-a-√lw k˛
®nZ-ar-X-sa∂p sXfn™p [oc-\mbn
kZ-k-ZnXn {]Xn-]-Øn-b‰p ktØm˛
anXn arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv Aa¿∂n-tS-Ww.

Alw ˛ Rm≥
AXpw CXpw A√ ˛ AsX∂pw CsX∂pw ]d-bm-hp∂
H∂pw-X-s∂-b-√.
kZ¿∞w A√ ˛ Rm≥ kØns‚ A¿∞-hpa√,
k®n-Z-arXw ˛ kØpw NnØpw B\µ-hp-amWv
F∂p sXfn™v ˛ F∂ sXfn™ A\p-`q-Xn-bp-≠mbn
[oc-\mbn ˛ A`b\mbn
kZv AkZv CXn ˛ kØn-t\mSpw Ak-Øn-t\mSpap≈
{]Xn-]-Øn-b‰v ˛ {]Xn-]Øn C√m-Xmbn
kZv Hmw CXn ˛ kØmb HmwIm-c-Øn¬
arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv ˛ arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn
Aa¿∂n-tSWw ˛ Aa¿∂n-tS-Ww.

CXp-hsc \mw \ΩpsS D◊sb a‰p ]e-Xp-ambn X´n®p a\- n-em-

°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ip≤-amb t_m[-amWv F∂Xv Hcp kn≤m-¥a - -
√. kz¥w A\p-`q-Xn--Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv BZy-ta-Xs∂ Rm≥
AXp-a√ CXp-a√ F∂ c≠p \ntj-[ß - f - n-eqsS kwkn-≤a - m-°p-∂X - v.
F∂n¬ A[y-kvXa - m-bn-cp∂ F√mw Rm≥ X≈n-°f - b
- p-Ib - m-Wv. ssZh-
cmPyw B ae-bntem Cu ae-bntem A√ F∂p tbip Xd-∏n®p ]d-
bm≥ ImcWw, Aß-s\-sbmcp XmZm-fly-_p≤n P\-ßf - n¬ Ccn-°p-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠m-W.v F∂n´p lrZ-bØ - n-te°p Nq≠n A\p-`h - sØ Dd-∏n-°m-
\mbn AXp \ns‚ lrZ-bØ - n-em-Ip∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. At∏mƒ \mw
AXns\ ho≠pw Hcp kn≤m-¥a - mbn ]cn-KW - n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Bfl-kØ
Hcp hkvXp-hns‚ A¿∞-sa-∂X - p-t]mse a\- n-em-°n-bmepwt]mcm. AXv
kØpw NnØpw Aar-Xhpw Ie¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ckm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-W.v AXv
kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv. AXv A\-¥X - b
- n-te-°p-≈ Fs‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚
{]th-i\ - a
- m-W.v
F\n°v `bw tXm∂p-∂n-√. ImcWw Rm≥ Fs∂-b√ - msX thsd
Btcbpw ImWp-∂n-√. Fs∂ Rm≥ F¥n\p `b-°Ww? Rm≥ Fs∂
Xo{h-ambn kvt\ln-°p-∂p. F\n°v Rm\-√msX thsd Bcp-an-√. thsd
F∂p ]d-bp-∂s - X√mw Rm≥X-s∂-bmWv. F\n°v AXn-cp-If - n-√m-ØX - n-
\m¬ Rm≥ A\-¥a - m-W.v F√mw F\n-°n-t∏mƒ sXfn™p ImWm≥
Ign-bp-∂p. Hcp hkvXp-°t- fmSpw F\n°v {]tXy-In®v Bk‡n tXm∂p-
∂n-√. D≈-sXt∂m C√m-Øs - Xt∂m hyh-t—-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ D◊-
bpsS \nd-hmWv Rm≥. Rm≥ Akw-K\ - m-W.v Fs‚ kØ Imcp-Wy-km-
K-cw-t]mse arZp-ea - m-W.v kpK-‘t- a-dnb Hcp ]qhpt]mse-bmWv Rm≥.
Rm≥ ]cn-afw {]k-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n¬Xs∂ B ]cn-afw
\nd-™p-Ih - n-bp-∂p. F∂nse GIm-flI - X- b- n¬ F√mw arZp-hmbn arZp-
hmbn hne-bn®v hne-bn®v H∂mbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Bg-ta-dnb au\w!
HmwIm-cØ - ns‚ kuay-amb \mZw! ]c-am-Àm-ZI - c
- a
- mb Cu \nan-jØ - ns‚
[\yX! AXv samgn-bm-\m-hp-∂n-√..........
 D]-kw-lmcw

Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn\v Hcp-]mSv hymJym-\-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-

W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. A°q-´Ø - n¬ Hcp hymJym\w F∂ \ne-bv°√
CsX-gpXn-bp-´p-≈-Xv. CsXmcp lm≥Uv_p-°m-Wv. \ap°p sIm≠p-\-
S-°m-hp∂ Hcp ]pkvX-Iw. F∂m¬, CXn¬ ]Z-t—Zw sNbvXn-cn-°p-
∂Xpw A¿∞w ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xpw Kpcp-hns‚ Z¿i-\sØ BIth
B[m-c-am-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v hm°p-Iƒ°v A¿∞w ]d-
bp-tºmƒ \nL≠p-hn¬\n∂pw t\sc A¿∞-sa-SpØp ]d-bp-I-b-√
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X- v. Aßs\ sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Iptd hm°p-Iƒ CW-
°- a n- √ msX Iq´n- h - ® - X p- t ]m- s etb tXm∂p- I - b p- ≈ q. Kpcphpw
hmNym¿∞-Øn-\p-]-cn-bmbn hm°p-Iƒ°v Hcp e£yw Ipdn-°p-∂p-≠v.
AXv Kpcp-hns‚ `mj-bn-ep≈ ss\]pWn hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂-Xm-Wv. F¥p-
X-s∂-bm-bmepw Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw Hcp alm-Z¿i-\-am-sW∂v a\-
 n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu hymJym\w [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. Bflm-\p-`q-Xn°v
Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw klm-b-I-am-hp-I-bn√ F∂p≈ kXyw Kpcp-Xs∂
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-W-t√m. Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X A-hm-Mva-t\m-
tKm-N-cw CXn-seßp Ncn-®nSpw {]am-Ww? B≤ym-fln-I-{K-Ÿ-߃ a\p-
jy\v Btflm-∑p-JX (self-orientation) am{Xta D≠m-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-
≈q. kzm\p-`hw, kXym-t\z-j-Whpw Kpcp-Ir-]bpw k‘n-°p-∂n-
SØp\n∂pw B\-µ-kz-cq-]-ambn Dd∂phtc≠-Xm-Wv. Kpcp-hns‚
ImcpWyw \Ω-fn-se√mw Aar-X-h¿jw sNmcn-b-s´.