All the colour changes you need to learn!
Testing for…
(d) Lithium
(d) Sodium
(d) Potassium
(d) Calcium
(d) Barium
(e) Carbonate
(e) Carbon dioxide
(f) Copper carbonate
(f) Zinc carbonate
(g) Aluminium ions (Al3+)
(g) Calcium ions (Ca2+)
(g) Magnesium ions (Mg2+)
(g) Copper(II)
(g) Iron (II)
(g) Iron (III)
(h) Chloride ions (Cl-)
(h) Bromide ions (Br-)
(h) Iodide ions (I-)
(i) Sulfate ions (SO42-)
(h) These are all tests for halides (ions of halogens).
Ag+(aq) + X(aq)  AgX(s)
What you do with it Observation
Flame test Bright red
Flame test Yellow
Flame test Lilac
Flame test Brick red
Flame test Green
Add acid CO2 bubbles produced
Mix with limewater Cloudy
Heat it to form copper oxide Green solid  black solid
and carbon dioxide
CuCO3(s)  CuO(s) + CO2(g)
Heat it to form zinc oxide White solid  lemon-yellow
and carbon dioxide solid when hot and white
ZnCO3(s)  ZnO(s) + CO2(g) when cold
Mix with sodium hydroxide White ppt
solution.
Then add excess sodium The ppt dissolves
hydroxide
Mix with sodium hydroxide White ppt
solution
Then add excess sodium Does not dissolve
hydroxide
Mix with sodium hydroxide White ppt
solution
Then add excess sodium Does not dissolve
hydroxide
Mix with sodium hydroxide Light blue ppt
solution
Mix with sodium hydroxide Dirty green ppt
solution
Mix with sodium hydroxide Reddish-brown ppt
solution
With silver nitrate solution White ppt
and dilute nitric acid
With silver nitrate solution Cream ppt
and dilute nitric acid
With silver nitrate solution Yellow ppt
and dilute nitric acid
With barium chloride and White ppt
dilute hydrochloric acid
Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)  BaSO4(s)
e.g. Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)  AgCl(s)