École FRANCO-VIETNAMIENNE 2005

de CATALYSE

CINETIQUE et RAFFINAGE

Institut de Chimie
Industrielle

Michel VRINAT
1
Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse
 Ecole Franco-Vietnamienne 2005 de Catalyse
Cinétique et Raffinage

Module Cinétique et Catalyse hétérogène

PART 1

Introduction

Dr. Michel VRINAT IRC

Institut de Recherches
sur la Catalyse

2
 Introduction: thermodynamic and and kinetic

A B With G°T0
Reaction with different steps in which chemical bonds are broken or created.

A catalyst will modified the reaction mechanism and the reaction will proceed
through a more complex path, but faster and with less energetically steps.

A catalyst will never modify the thermodynamic !

Effect over the rate of the reaction catalysis part of kinetic

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 Introduction: different catalysis

1- Homogeneous Catalysis (molecular catalysis)

The catalyst is soluble in the same phase than the reactants

Acid-base catalysis : hydratation of olefins by H+ r = {k0+kH+[H+]}[R]

Coordination complexes: [Co(CN)5] 3- could active H2 at ambient temperature

Co2(CO)8 for aldehydes synthesis from CO, H2 and olefin

Enzymatic catalysis
2- Phase transfer catalysis and micelles catalysis

The reaction proceed at the interface of two liquids

3- Heterogeneous Catalysis or Contact catalysis

Solid catalyst in contact with gas or liquid phases

Active site over the surface of the solid
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 Introduction: contact catalysis

reactants product
A B C
  
A B C
+
Solid Catalyst

The reaction proceeds through species adsorbed on the surface of the solid catalyst

The rate will depend on the amount of adsorbed species

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 Introduction: Adsorption

Interaction of a molecule with the solid :

- Physical adsorption : weak interaction with the surface (Van der Waals)
- Chimisorption : chemical bonds between the reactant and the surface
- heterogeneous kinetic: the solid is consumed

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 Introduction: law of chemisorption
Law of chemisorption

In the Langmuir -Hinshelwood model (homogeneous surface, monomolecular

adsorption, and no interaction between adsorbed molecules) we can write :

Vad = aP(1-) e-Ea/RT and Vd = b  e-Ed/RT

Under equilibrium: Vad = Vd  / (1- ) = P

 adsorption coefficient

 = P / (1+P)

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 Objectives

Treatment of kinetic in heterogeneous catalysis

How kinetic could be useful for the understanding of

the reaction and catalyst.