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Michael D. Psencik
San Antonio College
DFTG 2430 Civil Drafting
Volume Calculations
Units of Measure
Methods
Terminology
Formulas and Calculations
Units of Measure
English Standard
Cubic Yards (Yds3)
Cubic Feet (Ft3)
27 Ft3 = 1 Yd3
Metric
Cubic Meters (m3)
1m3=35.31Ft3=1.31Yds3
Volume Calculation Methods
Unit Area or Borrow Pit Method
Cross Section
Average End Area
Prismoidal calculations
Contour Area Method
Unit Area or Borrow Pit
Sometimes called Average Depth
Works well for volumes for building
sites and surface mines
Needs grid survey for best results
Not a good choice for roads
Based on the principle of measuring
material based on adding or removal
from a pit hence, Borrow Pit
Unit Area or Borrow Pit
Grid Survey
Unit Area or Borrow Pit
Based on the formula
⎛ A ⎞
V ( yds ) = 3
∑ (hi , j n)⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 X 27 ⎠
Where hi,j is the height in feet above a datum surface at
row i and column j
n is the number of corners at point i,j, and
A is the area of a grid square in ft2
Average Depth or Borrow Pit
Example
Average Depth or Borrow Pit
Example
⎛ A ⎞
V ( yds ) =
3
∑ (hi , j n)⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 x 27 ⎠
⎛ 2500 ⎞
V ( yds ) = (8.4 x1 + 9.2 x 2 + 7.9 x1 + 5.6 x 2 + 6.8 x1 + 7.8 x1 + 10.7 x 3 + 8.0 x1)⎜
3
⎟
⎝ 4 x 27 ⎠
⎛ 2500 ⎞
= (100.6)⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 x 27 ⎠
= 2328.70 yds 3
Cross Section
Based on cross sections (taken at right angles
to CL of roads, etc.) hence name
Used almost exclusively for computing
volumes on linear construction projects like
highways, railroads and canals
Can be used for building sites with from/to
contours
Uses two mathematical approaches
Average End Area
Prismoidal Volume
Average End Area
Assumes that changes in cross section area
are constant
Accuracy is enhanced by using smaller
distances between cross sections
Formulae
⎛ A1 + A2 ⎞ L ⎛ A1 + A2 ⎞
V ( yd ) = ⎜
3
⎟ V (m ) = ⎜
3
⎟L
⎝ 2 ⎠ 27 ⎝ 2 ⎠
Where Areas are in ft2 and Length Where Areas are in m2 and
is in ft. Length is in m.
Average End Area - Example
⎛ A1 + A2 ⎞ L
V ( yd ) = ⎜
3
⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ 27
prismatoid - a polyhedron
whose vertices all lie in one
or the other of two parallel
planes; the faces that lie in
those planes are the bases
of the prismatoid ⎛ A1 + Am + A2 ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
V ( yds ) = ⎜3
⎟ ⎜ ⎟
prismoid - a prismatoid
whose bases are polygons
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 27 ⎠
having the same number of
sides and whose other faces
are trapezoids or
parallelograms Where A1, Am, and A2 are areas in ft2 andL is in ft.
Cross Section-Method Variation
In general, the prismoidal method will
result in a more accurate and slightly
smaller answer than the average end
area although the answer is so close
that it will not matter except in those
applications requiring extreme accuracy
Contour Volumes
Contours are required
Accuracy is based on several factors
Accuracy of contours
Accuracy of area measurements
Scale of map
Contour interval
Topology
Useful for large area volumes and for
calculating volume of water to be impounded
by a reservoir
Contour Volumes
Based on area
calculations of
boundaries of
contours
Might be simple
areas/volumes as
here
Contour Volumes
Or more complex
areas
Area Calculations
Many of the volume calculations are
based on Area Calculations
Area by Shapes
Area by Coordinates
Area by Double Meridian
Area by Planimeter
Area by Computer