A

..
A
1. (..) , ,
. ..
, . .. - .
, rm II . . . ,
. I (11151077 . . .),
1112 ., a-la-me-e ar-ma-a-iaME ( < > ), ( ).
. XI . . . mt
a-ri-mi , .
rm , (IX . . ., KAI 201:3),
(rm ). , ,
. ,
A-ra-meKI, XXIII . . . -.
(arm). rm :
rmyt ([aramy-at] [aramy-t]), .-. rm.
II I . . . alam, .
XX . .. (. Chaldean).
, I . . .
. kaldu,
kadm. (626539 . . .); ,
. ; , .
.-. kadm kad
, . Da 2:4 , -
- (rm).
, , . . . , ( 340420)
chaldaicus sermo.

416

(, )
- lwn wl
(= ) , , lwn
hqwd (, , ) .
2. - . , ..
. ( XIX .) ,
II . . . -
, .
.. XIIVII . . . .. , IXVII ., . , XIIXI . . .
(, , ..) . ram nahrayim
(Gn 24:10): ,
. , ram
nahrayim
na-a-ri-maKI (, EA 288:35): , , . , III . . . .. - ( , ).
IXVI . . . .. , . - (, 50 .
) .. , . . VIV .
. . .. . .
.
VIII . . . ..
( .
4.). . IX VII . . , ..: ,

XII . , , , , ,
. , VII .
. , - : (. 4.,

.. . A

417

).
(. 4.),
, .
.
612 . . . ,
, . , ,
. , (626539 . . .), ,
XX . ,
..,
, . ,
. . , , ,
VIIVI . . ,

, .
, .. , . .
( 722 . . .)
( 586 . . .)
(. . ). ,
, ( 732 . . .) ( 722 . . .)
. , , ( , ) - , ..
( ),
. 2 R 17:24,

. , , II.
, , .. , 2 R 17:24
:
. , 738 . , ,
,
. , ,
. , . , -

418

( VI . . .).
,
586 . . . , . 539 . . . ,
,
. , ,
. (Esr 4:2) ,
, ( 680669 .). Esr 9:2 , V . , ,
, , .
,
, , ,
. Neh 13:24
, - (yh), - (ad)
, . , ( , XII . ) , V . , ,
. , Neh 13:24
. , 586
539 .
.. , V . ( )
, - , yhwdy (= ) rmy .
,
( - 132135 .
. .), , :
, , ( II .
..), . ,
( )
, (. 4.), ;
() , ,
. , , -.
100 . . . ,
II . . .

.. . A

419

, ,
;
(14237 . . .), - , , ,
(. 4.).
, ( ) , , ;

-. , ,
37 . . ., , . -, ,
lwm ntt nny br hnzyr , , (ATTM I 345). , , -, .
l lmpt !. - , lwm t yhwdh/lwm tt yhwdh ,
(ATTM I 340), - -.
6673 . . . ,
, ( ), -. , ,
, mn ktb-yh
(= ) (ATTM II 281), [nny]h khn rb qby br-yh : ( ) (ATTM II 281). -
, mr khn
(Masada 1, 441), dblh ktwh yph (Masada 1, 556). - , hqdyn hlh pswlwt
() (Masada 1, 454), hwr l-qd (
) (. . ) (Masada 1, 456).
bn . ( ), bt . ( ), t . ( )
(
); , ,
h-gdryn . ,
;
(eqalim 6:5),
tqlyn dtyn tqlyn tyqyn
, , , , . (6770 . . .)
(. 4.);

420

, . : , . , 70 . . . ( ) -,
, . ,

. 100 . . . II,
, - , ,
. ( ATTM I 359);
( , ) . , , , , , (= al qm) , ! (Mc
5:41), (= lam aaqtan) ? (Mc 15:34). , (= qm) //: *qm > qm
(. 6.); Mc
. Mc 14:36 - (= [abb]) . In 1:42
(= [kp]); , (; ). Mc
14:70 , :
< >, ( ).
Mt 26:73: . ,
.

(= [mrn ]) , !, (1 Cor 16:22)
.
.. ( ) .
. (1845)
, ( 300 .
. .) . ,
, , , .
, , , - (
), . ,
.., , , .
, , -

.. . A

421

135 . . ,
.
. , (1927).
, , . ( ,

) ,
. , . ., ,
- -yk, dbr-yk . . ,
dbr-k, . . .
at,
att. /m/ /n/, ,
dn . dm.
, III . . .,
, . ,

.
. . 60- . XX . .. , .. . , , (, )
, . ,
- . , ( - ,
) .

. , , . : ,
, . .

; , (
). , :

III . -

422

, ? ,
, . I . . . I . . .: 4Q394-399 (
) (3Q15).
( 300100 . . .), . , ( ,
, ) , .

. , I . . . (45127 . . .) (17:8):
() .
[tr],
[r] .
, (
) ..
, , , , ,
.
VIII . . .
. ,
(
) , . ,
, .
( VII . . .) .. : , ,
. .. ,
. VIIIX . . . ,
. 3040- . VII . . .
-, .. ,
. ..
, , .
.., XIX . (
), .
.
, .., .
, , - (, ), -

.. . A

423

. XX .
- ,
( . ), (.
. ). ,
. ,
, ,

. XXI . , . XX .
:
, ,
, 1948 . .
- (
. ) , - . -
1828 . . 2030- .
XX . ,
15 . , ( ) . , , . , . ,
. , . (.
. ).
XX . ,
, , , 400 . ., . ( ,
) - : , ,
( ), .
, , .
.
:
- ( . ), 20 . ., ,
; ;
;
- (
- ), , ;
XX . -
. -
(. North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic) . .
. 4.
(. Modern Syriac
Neo-Syriac, . die neusyrische Sprache). -

424

,
.
40- . XIX . .
,
. , . , . 1930- ., , ( ) , ,
.
, XX . , , , ,
. , .
3. .. ;
. . 2.
4. , ..
( ) - . , -
, R1w > y
-a- R2 R1VR2R3(. . ).
,
:
* , IXVII . . . {q}. I . . . .. * ;
(, , ) *-a ( *-); , ;
*-n,
;
*-n : *tabud-n
. . , *yabud-n . . .
-na/-n;
*qal G-;
G- (, *qal, ..

.. . A

425

III . . . ),
*maqal,
. . ;

*-at. ;
N-, .
t-;
*yaqtul,
I . *wa-yaqtul. , :
w- ydy l bl[my]n w-ynny blmy[n] w-ymr ()
blmyn, blmyn (KAI 202 A: 11 ., , IXVIII .); ysq w-ykb by yhk l [] w- yl mlk y[]rl qdm
brqby [w-]yhmlk hdd [] w-yhk hdd qdmy [w-]pq mn [] w-qtl w-m
(= ) [] (= ) : [
]. (=
, ), () []
, [] (IEJ 45; , IX .). 1990- . , *yaqtul. . , *yaqtul,
w- , ,
, (. ), . ,
IXVIII .,

.
*yaqtul
, , *qatala. (. . ) *yaqtul
, ,
*yaqtul, - *yaqtulu.
, -
,
, *yaqtul
*qatala, .
praesens histo-

426

ricum, . . ( *yaqtulu):
, *yaqtul. , I .
. ., mn nh yqrqn w-yksn hmw , () ( 650 ., KAI 233:16); , bdyn mlk yqwm (Da 6:20);
*-ay- *-h *-awh. -wh, bnwh [banawh] , .. -why, bnwhy. ,
:
*-ayh > *-ayh > *-awh (. . , );
*anan, .-. nan .
nanu. ; , , -n, , -n. 1- -n
(*abad-n ), -n.
1- -n -n,
-n, -n -nh -n .
-n
-n/-nh. *-n
-n *-
,
. , d
[ad] d-h [ad-] ,
mater lectionis ;
*
, (nota genitivi).
* . *
, ,
. , ..
*, ;
. , . ,
(IXVIII .) , :
*zl ( ; , ,
*hlk); *ll (< . *ll , ); *nt
( ; *wrd); *npq
( ; -

.. . A

427

*w); *slq ( ;
*ly/w). , , , ,
..
. , ( , ), .. :
IXVIII . . ., .. ,
. *bin- *bir-/*bar-, . *aad- *ad-,
. *bayt- *bay .
IXVIII . . . ( ..) .. I . . .
I . . .
I . . .
(, IXVIII .,
22 ), IXVIII .
.
, ,
.
(KAI 214,
215), XIX . (ml),
, - . VIII . . . . ,

: , - ()
.
:
* {q},
;
,
I . . .;
{t}, qyr-t rb-t (KAI 215:4), . . *-t-. ( ) *-n;
,
- I . . . () *- *-

428

: lh-w. vs. lh-y. . , , , , , . : y-h . (KAI 214:30) vs. y-y-h .

(KAI 214:27). KAI 214 , y-y-h. . . *aya-ay-hV -ay-, y-h. . . ,
, -;
,
*-h ,
: . *ayaayhV . vs. .
*aawh. I .;
(nk nky ),

, nh.
nky , * > , . . ;
G- ,
l-bny (KAI 214:10);
N-: nb (KAI 215:10).
, N-
;
h- ( ): h-qm (KAI 215:18) vs. y-qm (KAI 214:28). h- : y-h-skr (KAI 224:3);
.., 2- 3-
/n/ : thrgw
(KAI 215:5), ybdw () (KAI 214:7). ;
KAI 214 , . . , l-. G-: lmn
( 24), lkt-h . . ( 31), lktn-h . .
e ( 31). , G- l- 3- y-. KAI 214 y-, ymr
( 29), yqm ( 28), yzkr
( 17). l- 3-
,
t-, tty (KAI 214:22).
: lytkh ( 23, ntk),
h-,
3- y-. l- KAI 214 IX . -,
l-, lm ( 11), lhwy
( 12); lklw . . ( 22), lpn . .

.. . A

429

( 22); ( -h-): lhynqn . .

( 20, 21). - 3-
. l- .. . ,
();
.., d, br. ,
( . ), mh (KAI 214:28; 215:10).
,
, ; 1967 . . ,
. ; , VIII . . .
- -
, KAI 214-215: ,
;
, . , . .
:
* {q}, ;
;
- , , -awh- (. ). lwh (1:1, 4), *ilay-h;
G- , , : l-lq
(2:11), l-dt (2:17, ); w-bkh ybkh,
. (1:3 );
N-: nn (2:12, n);
w-:
wytw1 lwh lhn blylh wyz2 mzh wymrw3 wyqm4 wbkh ybkh5 wyl6 mh wymr7
1 , 2 3 4
5 6 7. w-yz mzh
, yz R3y , /y/,
;
(1:1), . nota genitivi;
- ,
, npq , ty ,
yhb , wy , br , d . (
KAI 214-215) , ..

430

, hlk (G-) ( lk,

) ry .
, -
, .
- (, , ), . .

.. IX . . . VII . . . , .. .
70- . XX .
.., .
1966 . , .. , ,
. 1979 .

(. Old
Aramaic)

925700 . . . IXVIII .

; nh
( . nk/nky); G- m-; Gp *yuqtal;
-awh . ;
*wa-yaqtul.
2 - 700200 . . . - , - (.
, ; G-Official Ara
m-; *yuqtal, maic)
*wa-yaqtul.
3
200 . . .
() , 200 . . .
,
(. Middle

Aramaic)
;
()
, ,

.. . A

4 - 200700 . . .

(. Late
Aramaic)

: , ,
; (): , ,

431

5 -
(.
Modern Aramaic)

(,
. 1939 .) .. 200700 .
. ., , . .., 200 . . .,
(Old Aramaic).
.. 200 . ,
III . . . .
,
200 . . . 200 . . ., ..
. , .. ()
( 500 . . .), .
, VII . . . , .
, . ,
,
.
. 1974 . ,
. , ( , ).
, ,
. , . , , 200 .
. . 200 . . ., ,
( ).

432

, 331 . . . III .
,
, . , ,

- .. 1978 .
. .
,
, . , (. . ). , 331 . . .
, , ,
. ,
.
, ( ), ..
: , - . ,

, ,
I . ..
,
.., . .
.
.., XX . ,
, , (. . ) . , .
() ,
, ,
, . VIIVI . . . ..: ,
. ,
..,
.

.. . A

433

.
, 1930- . . ,
,
.
, ,
, . , ,
,
:
(, ), , , , , - .
- ..
, , , ,
.
, .., .
-, .. I . . .
, . (IXVIII . . .) , (. ),
, .. ( , ) : ,
(. -, 1982 .
..).
I . . .,
, , ..
(. . ). , , .. I . . . ..
.
-, I . .. , ,
.. . , . -

434

, . ,
m-, , m-, . :

3- -n : . . kan , shydwn ( -n ,
-n, ),
. . ..
.. .
.
,
.., , ..

.., , .. .
.. . - , ..
. I . . .
; ,
, , .
-
. , 6080- . XX .
,
.
(. . ) ,
.. ,
. , , -
.
, .. : (das alte Aramisch), (das Mittelaramische), (das Neuaramische). ..
.

..
.. ( 200 . . . 200 . . .): , .. , , - -

.. . A

435

.. .. I . . . , 700200 .
. . , ;
.
.. I . . . ,
, .
(, ) , : , ..
,
.. , :
, .
,
.. (200 . . .
200 . . . ). , . .
, .. , .
, :

*-, *-ayya,
( ) -ayy. .. I . . . *ayya > , ,
,
- .

-yy ,
bn-ayy .
, . - , -y, *yahd-y
. . *yahdyy: (-y-ayy >
-yy), -y-ayy .
, -,
-y, -ayy, , , .
() *-

436

( V . . . ): mm [amam]
(TAD C1.1:98, 189). , , ( ) , . mm , . - mm-y .
- ,
(. ,
). .
*- : qu-da-am ni-e-e -ma-a ga-ba-re-e . I . . . -
, , . . : mlk- , md- ;
3- 3- *l-,
*y-, .
. , , y-. l- n-
. , l- , , . , n- , l-. . , l-
() , . ,
l- n- .
l- ,
n-. , 44 . . . 236 . . ., l-. l- n-
, y-, . . , l- n- ,
,
() y-. . . . ( 1896 .
. ), l- , l- . n- .. l-, . .
l > n . . l- . . , l-
.. *la, ( ) . .. .., , l-
l-. , -

.. . A

437

,
, . ,
, . ,

*l- KAI 214 ( ). , l- ,
VIIV ., -lam-u-ru
!, -la-ri-im !, -la-a-zi !, -la-di-in
! (
). ,
y-, -ia-a-di-in !. , ,
3- y-.
l-
KAI 233 ( , VII .) ,
. *y- *l- . .. , , , ,
l-, (. ), ,
y-. , , ;
-n- ( -nn-),
.. , ( ),
. ,
I . . . {-n-}
3- ,
yqtl-n-h (G qtl, KAI 222 B:27) yhwn-n-h ( ) (K wny, KAI 223 B:16), yhns-n-h (, ) (K nws, KAI 202
B:20). .. , , {-n-}
/inna/, , (. , - . ).
/n/
( , ),
: l nql-n-hy !
(TAD C1.1:61, l). -

438

.. , /n/ /nn/ (. . ),
(. .
, ). /n/ , , ,
, . /n/
.. , ;
, . ,
. ,
, ..
I . . ., , ;
*qal- l- - ,
, . (*qal- G-), , , l-:
. my1 l2 z3 l-y4 , . 1 2 3 4, .-. sbyr. . l-hw (), . () . .
. *qal- l-
V . . . , : wkn tnh kn my
l-y , (. ) (TAD A6.10:3), kn my
l-n (TAD A3.3:13). ,
.
, , I .
. ., ( ). , I . . .
, I . . . ;
..
.. . V . (*-
*qal- l-), l-
VIIV . , ..
I . . ., . . ,
.
-
I . . . , , ..
.

.. . A

439

: , . ..
, .., :
- l-/n- (
:
y-S-n-pron, l-S-0-pron,
S , pron ). ..
*-a ( *-ayya , -), y-.
.. , .., , . ..
l-, l- ,
l- ,
y-, (.
6.).
I . . . l-, l- - (IX . . .),
y- (
KAI 214, ). .. ,
- .. : l-, y- y-,
-ayya: mny [manayya] .
, l- , , III . . .:
hwy l-
y-, lhwh lhw , lhwwn
. . , lhwyn . . . (,
IVII . . .) hwy l-.
hwy ,
yhwh. , l-, , .
.. ,
(I . . . I . . .) ..

440

, . .
(.
;
. 6.). ..
II . . .
.. ,
. ..
, . (das Altaramische), (das Reichsaramische) (das Altwestaramische). .
IX V II I .,

: -
, ( TF), ( . ; KAI 231),
(KAI 216218),
- - (KAI 232), (KAI 201), ,
(KAI 202),
(KAI 222-224), (IEJ 45),
(RA 83, IEJ 39),
. (IEJ 49, KAI 320).
(, 1960- .)
. .
, :
c (. 6.);
//
, . , {} ; , *l {l}, .., *l l lh;
3- , .., thskr-hm (KAI
224:2), thb-hm (KAI 224:6). KAI 233 ( 650 .)
( ) , , yhb
hmw l-y ( );
(
) ,
I . . . . : [] ygzr1 gl2 zn3
kn ygzr4 mtl w-ygzrn5 rbwh [ , ] 1 3 2,
4 ( ) -

.. . A

441

5 (KAI 222 A:40). , ,

(, ).
( ), , . ,
(. 6.).
t- , ,
-, : [y]t
! (KAI 222 A:32, ), l-ytzh yrq () (KAI 222 A:28, zy , ), mwtn1 b2 zy nyrgl3 l ygtzr4 mn
mth 1, 2 3, 4 (. )
(TF 23, gzr );
G-. G- -, - m-, .. I . . . I . . .
- l-: l-mrk ywmwh (TF 7),
l-mrk ywh (TF 14), l-mld mrq mnh
(= ) (TF 9), l-mm tlwth (= ), l-mlq mrt pmh
(TF 10). m- l- :
l-ml yd ( ) ( ) (KAI 222 B:34).
G-,
( l-) : hn [.] l-tth b-ylk [] l-gb byty [] l-gb yt qry []
[], [
,] (KAI 222 B:31 .); mn ld spry ( ) (= ) (KAI 223 C:6). G- : b-
lm ( ) (KAI 222 A:24), l-l
() (KAI 224:8), ,
, .
G- ( .
6.);
,
. . ( . ) .
( , ) , . : hskr thskr-hm b-ydy
(skr, K-, KAI 224:2). ,
G- m- , ,
VII . q[r]q qrqw (KAI 233:9) -

442

(. ). .. I . ..; ( l-)
.
. ;
I . . . ,
, *-t *-n:
mln1. . lyt2 2 1. . (KAI 224:2).
, (
?) *-n , .
- (TF), IX . . .,
,
. TF *
{s}, * {}. . ds (< *d), sr (< *r). ,
, {}:
IXVIII . . . {}
*, * *, . TF {w} {y}
, , .
, l- *-ayya ,
TF , .. (, ). TF
. , TF t- l ygtzr ! /t/ .. ,
. TF ,
, (KAI 202) nota accusativi yt (
. 6.). TF G-
m-, /h/ 3-
, lhn kl-m. . , . -. .:
I . . . -hm, -hwm, -hn, -hwn. , TF IXVIII ., zy (nota genitivi). (kl mlky zy srty KAI 224:7 .),
.
( , )
, : ( -

.. . A

443

KAI 202, 222-224 )

(- TF). ,

- (KAI 216218), I .
. . , (
). (,
) y-, ymw-h
lhn (= ) (KAI 320:3),
(KAI 222224) TF l-.
730 ., VIII .
VIIVI . . .
. ( VII ., KAI 225226),
( , VII ., Hug 15, ,
), (Iranica Antiqua 4), ,
( 650 ., KAI 233).
, . (AECT 9, 11, 13; Hug 19),
VII . (AECT 4652, Hug 24), (AECT
5357), , - (AECT
16, 23, 28, 45), - (Kwasman 2000), 24 (Lemaire 2001), 61
- (
-) (Radner 2002), 19 -
(BachelotFales 2005). , 24 (
The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon).
,
-;
,
. . , , , , .
VII ., ,
(Hug 2930), (TAD B1.1, 515 ., ),
( VII ., KAI 266).

444

. . , , VIV . , :
, (TAD A2.17). : ,
, (. . ),
.
, VIIVI . ,
. , . , .
.
,
VIII . , IXVIII .,
, ,
, . , , ,

. (. 2.), ,
VIII . (,
) . . ,
(680669) (668627)
(, ) naqia , zaktu. , , .
. ,
, , VIII . , .

.
, , . . * = {}, * =
{z}, * = {}. * {t}, tql
(TAD B1.1:13), ql , yhtb
! (*wb, KAI 233:11); * {d}, dwhy (*, Hug 15:8).
,
(. .
). * {q},

.. . A

445

rq/r .

G-: q[r]q qrqw (KAI 233:9), hwm thmw (KAI 226:6;
t-). G-,
, m-, ntnt lk qly l-mzr
[] (TAD B1.1: 2 .).
zy nota genitivi,
rn zy br mlk , ksp zy PN .
zy : zy byt dn -
(KAI 233:14). zy ..

yt: yt-hm . (KAI 233:6). , VIIVI . l- . -hm
. , KAI 233
hmw .
lh, l/ln IXVIII .
(. . ) .

,
, ,

. .
: Esr 4:86:18; 7:1226; Da 2:4b7:28; Gn 31:47;
Jer 10:11. I . . ., . .
, ( ) V . , . ,
170 ., 164 . . .
. . .
: ,
, . * *, {d}
{} , dhb , mr . Jer 10:11,
: rq r.
*: (. . {}), by ,
{s}, str-h (*tr, Esr 5:12). -

446

,
*, (. 2.1.1.
. ). , ,
matres lectionis , *-n -yn.
. . nth, t nt: , h
-*, .
, ,
yd {n} , tnd [tidda] . , {n} V .
(. , .
l-, .

. yt, yt [*iyyt?]: mnyt yt-hwn (Da 3:12).

-n-, . ydl-n-ny ,
yyzb-n-k . c -n- ( ): l yhbl-k !.
( ) lh (Jr 10:11; Esr 5:15) lyn/ln, ln.
.
, ,
, w-lk rdyn mn n (Da
4:22). ,
l-k lh bht-y mhd. w-mb. nh , , . . (Da 2:23), mhwdyn. nnl-mlk . () (Esr 4:16),
(), brkt.-ky l-pt .
() (TAD A2.1:2).
, , . . ,
I . ( ,
). ,
, , .. .

,
( )
: w-nbwkdnr mlk l. l-mkn <> bdyn mtknyn.

.. . A

447

<> w-qmyn. . < >,

< > . .... (Da 3:2.). . , .
, (14237 . . .).
, (Genesis Apocryphon),
( 83 78 . . .). , . I . . . (
), - (132135 . . .). . matres lectionis {h}, {w}, {y}
{}, bw
(GenAp 22:10). * zy,
. * {} {s}. dn, znh/dnh dnh. lyn/ln, .
*- 3- , h r nyn. . . . lm- . . . . , . .
. . . . . . (GenAp 22:28). *- (.
1.2.1. . ). nota accusativi yt l-: w-lh brk yt ywb (ATTM 298,
42:12), nw tw l-mqr l-rz
(ATTM 172, A 19:15).
()
(). III . . .
. , :
I . . . . , . 60- . XIX .,
, ,
. . : -
, ,
. , * {s}; * R3y {y}
{h} {}, tbky ; *y >, *bany-k > bank . . ( bnky .
bnyky);
-ayy -; -

448

; al l. yt e,
l-, dqyn l-hwn .
, .
() , (VIIXI . . .). ,
(. ).
XX .
- . , ,
The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, . .

. :
(. . ) -, .
(. -
. ). .
, VIIIXI . . . .
, , .
- (135 . . .) , (, , -)
. . ,
. .
, (II .
. .106 . . .), (
. ), ( . ). ,
,
.
; , , , .
,
, - - ( )
( , ). -
, , dkyr PN ( ) . 106 . . .,
Arabia Petraea. , ,
. , , , .

.. . A

449

.. .
, . , , . * {}, r , yd . : dy () zy.
dnh/znh, dn. ( ) lh, , . *-,
, bd-w () . , , 3- (
-n), l (al ), . l yzbnwn1 w-lymknwn2 w-l yyrwn3 mn wgr4 dnh5
1 5 4, () 2, 3 ()
(CIS II 205:7 .). l- nota accusativi;
yt,
, mn dy ynpq yt-hm , .
,
() .
, : kpr (. . kafr-), yr ( ) (. .
ayyara), ln ( ) (. . laana).
*rkh , , rkt tmwdw
rk (< *rk)
, . . ,
, ,
, , .
,
, - , hprk
(< . ), nws (< . ).
, .
. 44 . . . 272 . . .

.
(-)
, 18 137 . . . (
). 163 ,
.
. . , -

450

. (1996) . . ( , ). . . .
. ,
, . 10 23
, . ., gbl
(CIS II 3923) gbl tdmry, () ( gbl *gibill- , ). . , - (
), , , .
- 3-
: bydn1. . gyn2 ybn3 mks4 l sq-w5 2
1. ., 3 4, 5 ( )
(CIS II 3913 I 4-5). /n/ , . mdyt
. (CIS II 3913 II 57) vs. mdynt .
,
yt: kdy ty lk yt lgyny (CIS III 22:4).

. ( ) , qym ( qymw)
, nt , bnw . bnwhy .
. , 46 , ,
.
-
(. das Altwestaramische),
.
. , - {h} ( {}
), * {s}, /n/
. /y/ //, . zyny [azan] . nota accusativi yt, . d(y) , kn
k(n)t , . . . , II . . . , ( ) , :
- , . . -

.. . A

451

( , , , ).
: , II . . .; ( I . . . 70 . . .), - (134
135 . . .), ( ) ,
(6770 . . .); I . . . I . . ., . . .
,
, ,
. . 1922 . (TCL 6, 58). , . , ,
. . , , , ( )
. , , .
II . . . (,
:
pi-la-nu ). TCL 6, 58
-, -ayy
, -, . ,
. al , AL: al pi-la-nu , A: a-ba-ba-a . ,
al {}, ., -bby . * V, -am-lat .,
na--a-a-t .
, ,
, , .
, ,
.

(. .
). (,
, ), . 6 . . ., 240243 . . .
.. , II . . ., . -

452

- , .

,
. ,
, . , /d/ /r/ : ,
{d} {r} ( {d}
{r}
). - * , r , hd , m
( ; sm). III . . . y-:
. n- III . ,
,
200 .:
.
, *
{}, . ,

.
C1VC2C2-
, ym [yamm] . . ymm.
ymm
, [yamm], , .
,
. nth [tt] . ,
,
: mtrsy-hy (
: mtrs lh). *- hn
(. hnn ). , . bny. d-yrmwn1 pr2 l ynwhy3 l
ytkwn4 lh5 4 ., 1 5 3 2
(= ) (OSI 193:8 .; , 73 . . .). ( )
al , (l ytkwn lh, .
).
, : byn mn-k . , , b n -.

.. . A

453

:
,
. : ,
[u] , {w}.
( )
600 , (
).
. , 1998 . , . ,
. 44 . . . 238 . . .,
() , II . . . .
, .
: .
, /d/ /r/ .
* {}, b , ny
, *pq * {s}.
{n} /n/, ntt
[atta] ., lnsb [lessa] (nsb). , {n} , , . npyr
[appr] .

*i *u {y} {w}, matres lectionis , , (. 6.).
( ),
*-aw *-ay . ,
*-aw , ymt . . .
(< *yawmt). *-ay
{}, ; . bn dr-hwn ( ) . // ,
, r < *r < *r (
).
3- , ,
*-ayh: bnyhy ,
*-awh, ..
(bnwhy). , , -

454

, *-awh > *-ayh , *-ay,

*banay-k . . (. . ). ,
*-ayh . , , qu-da-am ta-ra-a -ma-a ia-a-ti-ib-a-a-i-i
[ytib] < [*ytibyh?] , (.
). . , (-h) (-)
*-ayh. , *-ayh
, .. - ( ).
hdn,
dnh/znh hnn. (
) : dy ( ) d- ( ).

*- ( {}), , .
. , : wr d-kp.
, . .. ,
, dy/d-.
, , byt-h dy PN - .
l- *y-. 3-
, lmwt , lktwb , lgnwb .
..
l-,

III . . ., n-. l-/n-
.., ,
l-, .
.., l- , , ,
( ) .
t- /t/
: lqyl , lrgym
. .
( IIIIV . . . .. VII .) ..

.. . A

455

, - , .
..
, :
b, g, d, p, k, t
;
;
;
, ; t-. .. t-
(tK ittapal), ;
-n
(.
. );
,
( ,
-n
, . ( ). al l;
, - (, ).

.

: , .
, ,
(. . ). {n} nt [at] ntt [att] .

,
- ,
.. .
( ) , , - .

,
. ,
VI . . .

456

( ) , ,
:
/w/ /y/ {ww} {yy},
q ww [q w] , qwwq [qawq] , yyn
[ayyen] , mlyyn [mlyn] .. , rmyyn [ramyn] . . ;
// {ww},
wwd bd [a] , wwt bt [at] ;
// // {} {h},
, ., m . m , hdr .
dr , twty . twty , wt . wt . ,
I .
;
, tw . twb
, nyby . nbd , z . zl , tyqw . tyqwm
, m . mr ;
-n , tktbw , lhw ;
t- /t/ : ynqyb
(nqb);
3-
i- ( ) in- ( ):
yhw ( hw), yhy ( hy), ynhw
(< *in-hun) . ., ynhy (< *in-hin) . .;
, n-, 3- ,
, . kwlhw. . d myn
nynhw. . . . . . (= ); ;
dyl- [dl-],
.. I . . ., ,
dyd- [d-], dyd-y ;
, , ., - . dl-
d l-, d-,
, d + yad ;
m- -:
D qal, K aql;
:
r1 lyh2 mryh3 1 3 1 2!;

, q, q slq () . , q
qem , . .

.. . A

457

, , (. . )
, .
,
, lp (< . eleppu), bb (< . bbu), zwz (< . zzu ()), mt (< . mtu ), trnwgl
(< . tarlugallu).
. , . , . , . , . ( ). ,
, . , , , . .
,

. . - .
2002 . . .
, , , , ( VIXI . . .),
, (VIII . . .), , (magic bowls) ,
VVIII . .
XX . 250 , .
, , , ,
II . . . . ,
, . , .
. , . ,
.
, . , : // //;

{n}, l-hwn ; 3-
y-; nota accusativi
yt, l-. . - ,
, : -
.

458

, . : , , ,
, ,
. . 1875 . ,
650 . 900 . . .
, , . Ginza Rabba,
Sidra Rabba ( , ).
XVI .
1892 . , 60- . XX ., .
(1967), - ,
. 600 .,
400 . XX .
.
( ) , .
* * ; * *h,
, /h/. , /h/
(< *, *h) , pihtat (< *pt), nihgat (< *ngh); /h/ , hu (< *h), hra
(. . . ary), abahat-an .
: /m/
/b/, /n/ /d/ /g/: qumba (< *qubb), hambala
(< *abbl), nangara (, [nagara]) (< *naggr);
manda (. . . madda). .. ,
I . . ., (. . ).
. , , , .
{n} , ..,
(. ,
. ).
, {n} , . ,
K- ll
: hlh (Da 5:7) hnlh (Da 4:3). , II .
. . [al], hl vs. hanl.

.. . A

459

,
- : . * = {z} (
*d = {z}, zm ), * = {q}, qmr ,
, , rq .
, (247 . . . 224 . . .).
ql l-:
la-mi-l hirba ( . . ).
(1875)
,
, .
:
, ,
, . . . , , :
, ( ) ;

*-ayh, *-awh, (.
);
3- 3-
l- n- (
n-);
- /t/
. , , . ,
;

- m-.
m- -;
*q. .
.
,

, . . ,
. .
. -

460

. ,
.. (. ), *, * *h (.
. ).
*, *h, * *
,
,
(. . ),
- . , , , . . , , , . . VII . . .
*-ayh ,
l- n-
, .
- , . , t
,
t- .
,
, (
) .. , *q qel, , - , , .
, .. .
,
.
,
.. ,
, (. ).
, . , , , . ,
. - 135 . . . : , , .
, . ,

.. . A

461

,
.

200700 . . .:
, . . . - ( , 500 .)
(Cant, Eccl, Thr, Est), ( VII .). , - . .
:
*
{h} (nh yhdh znh , , (), , ATTM 371),
{h} {};
3-
qlwn vs. qlw ; .
6. ;

: t-zl , n-mr (< nh
mr). ,
. nh byd (), nh ktb ( ), (.
. ). , .. ;

; yt, yqrb
yt-h (. 6.
nota accusativi),
: yqrb-n-h.

. - . .

V . . . - .
, .
, ,
,
. (,
) VIII . () . , , (, II . . .)
.
: ,
XIX .

462

.. VIIX . ( ), -; , , II .
XIXIII . -.
,
.
. , , {d} {r}, , {d}
{r} . , , {p}, . . .
(, ) . , .
[]
{}; {} mater lectionis , .
rb [ra] .
,
,
,
, .
( ) 1903 . .
, . . ,
1924 . 1991 . . -
, . . , . . -
. A Corpus of Christian Palestinian Aramaic. . .
, , , , .
, 22 ,
, . .
(. I.
. ). , Memar Marqah (
), IV . . ., .
.
XIII .
, ,

.. . A

463

*- {h},
nbyh. , byyh. . . ,
, .
, , X .,
,
, .
X . , , . , d d.
. , . . Memar Marqah . . -.

. ,
, (, , ).
.. :

, .
, , , ,
, .


.

464

. , , , , .
( .. ), ( ),
. *qaal , : gal , glat , galt (-).
,
,
.
G-, , m-: maptix ! (. ), madir !
(. ), mbail ! (
). , ( ), t- ( tG)
, .
,
, .
, (. . ): .
( ) -
: (.
. ), -
, .
- ,
( ) *ql l-,
(.
). ()
, , l- + , (1) (2) .
-.
. : (1) l-alh1 mn2 n3
(. 1 3. . . . 2), (2) h
n l-h (. . . . . ).
- , ql l-, , -

.. . A

465

,
*qal ( .. , , . 6.).
- , (2): *-li (), *-lan . l- : *l-PN -le (
--). , : *l-PN
, . (1), l- 1- 2- ,
c *l-PN : *l-PN le. , .
(, ) : *PNi nq-0j-lei PN1j..
1.., *PN nqi-le PNi. . . ., *PN nq. .-le PN1
w-PN2 1 2.

ql l .
- -
*qal , , .
1- 2-
, 3- , *qal : *dammx-n
, *dammx-n , *PN dammx-0 , *PN. . dammx-0 . . *dammx-na , *dammx-0 .
,
-
: *ql, *qal,
, (. . ).
,
,
- .

3- ,
() . , : i-kurfoi. . dw-0. . . .-lai3. . . . . . , i-kurfoi dwio. . . .-lai
, i-kurfoi dwii. .-lai , nq-0-li ()
, niqo-li () , niqi-li (-) ( -

466

, ). , 1-
2- : babii mate-lei a-eze. . . () . . ., nq-le
i-baro. . . . . ., nq-le-lax. . . ..
. (nq-le
i-baro. . . . . .) , nq-le-lax. . . .
.
( am , a ) *qal , , , gak-no , am-no ,
, - .
. ,
, - ,
. .
( *qal):
qm-na , pl-na , zl-na . G-
, *ql l-. - : *ql l ,
. . : me-le , ytu-la ( ,
, XVII . ), se-lai xa baxtai
(, ), plix-li
( ), iyya kbra qim-le
( - ).
,
:
. : iyya kbra baruxawalii. . qilii. .-le
. ( )
- , . (
), . . - (,
) qille (< *ql l-) .
qille
. . : baxti qima ,

.. . A

467

ga-maktab lip vs. gorakei1 baxtij2 niqaj. .-lei3 1 3 2, gorakei baruxawalij. . qilij. .-lei , baxta qil-le () ;
- . , , , ,
( ).

qille. c ,
, : lix-le , lwi-le , xil-le , te-le
, pqe-le .
, , -
(. . ), - : *l-PNi nqnj . . . .-lei
Xj. . w-Yj. . X. . Y. ..
, , l-
, : l-ann-amerikaniyye zalal-lan , l-alho manale-li , l-Musa mamale u-ex
(. ). ( . , .
. ) , : famei ftlai adra (.
) . . , - , . .

.
, , . ,
, , -, .
(. . ).
.
.. ( G- *qil-) . .., (. -
. ).

468

( , ).
..
(. ,
. ).
.. ,
. *qil( ) amma,
; , amma, .
*yaqulu ,
(.
. ). .. *qil- :
*yaqulu , .. , ,
. *qil- ,
, - .
,
: , (. . ).
, -
, , ( *ql-). , ( . ) *qil- i- ,
, : i-palx-in
(= ), how-in plxa ( ), how-in ya ( ).
.
neqol
. ,
,
q-,
.
k- ( qa-, -), , *qil-.
, .. (. -

.. . A

469

). ( ) XVI
XVII .: .
, qille , ql l-, , ,
. , , ql l- ,
( ) ,
.
gal
, .

. .. , *ql l-, qille, .. ( ) I . . . . man kartam , . .
, . , ,
*-ta , , .

.
, ,
*qaal, (
), ,
, - . ,
( , *-ta)
, ,
. ,
,
, - ,
. ,
- , . , .. (
) .
, , , , ,
, ,

470

, . . , , . ,
,
- , ,
. . ,

,
. ,
, l-, -
- . , . i r ln , . . (1 S 21:6); .
br att l-yhwh , . . . , brk
PN l-sry () () (TAD D22.13).
ydy yhwy l-k
.
, gal ,
qille -
( ) ( II . . .)
qille ql l-.
, , ,
,
. , . , . . .
5. ( . ) III . . . ..
, II . . ., .
6. .
I . . .,
, ..
29 . , ,
. .

. .. .. .

. -

.. . A

471

, .
.
*
*
*v
*
*
*
*

.
*
*
*v
*
*
*
*

t
d

, : , , //
/s/, // //. *, ,
// ( //
// . . ).
..
(. . ). * > s : , .. I . . .
* , , , // , .

, * > s
I . . . , // ..
I . . .: // HV, .
ia-i-ri [yar]
(*yr) IX . VII . * * . * .
.., , /b/, /g/, /d/, /p/, /k/, /t/, . .
, //, /g/, //, /p/, //, //:

, , , , . , .
. , VI . . .
, ..,
. , . .

472

:
//, /g/, //, /p/, //, // ..
, , , .
, .. I . . . ( )
,
(, // {w}).

: , /k/
// , /k/ //. /k/ KV, za-ki-it (): ,
G- *zakt. ,
, . . I . . . ,
. , ,
,
{w} {b}, wklw w-gwytm . wklw b-gwytm
(Na 3:3); {} /k/. , . ,
I . . . . ,
, , // //
{}, {k}. . , .

. .
, VI . . .
Xayr mak-i-ia-ar-u mi-i--ia-ar-i.
, VI . , ;
, /x/ AK HI .
, ..
, I . . . /b/, /g/, /d/, /p/, /k/, /t/ .., , ,
. ,
, /d/ /t/, -

.. . A

473

* *,
. .
{k} {} , V . (// = {k}, // = {}),
.
, ,
, . , ( ) .., I . . . .

. .. ,
..
,
.. III . (.
. ).
.. I . . . , , I . . . ( )
, I .
. . I . . .
.
I . . . : *a : *, *i : *, *u : *.

( , , .
. ).
*aw *ay. ,
(yawm-. vs. ym.
, qays-. vs. qs. ),
(. . ).
.
*
. , *awi
*ayi R2w/y //, r- , - .
, IX . . . R3y, yhwh vs. yhwy .
, {h} -

474

//; *-Vyu. {y} *-ay () *- < *-iy. ..

I . . . // *-i *-a
, (
) *-ay.
,
. . // *-ay ..
I . . .
// .. I .
*-aw, * > * /n/ , . try [tir] . .
(wr) rwn (< *Vrn-) , dkrwn
(< *dikrn) (Esr 6:2). // .. , ,
ql-.

(, , ) .
..
.
,
, :
.
, - , VIII V .
. .. I ., . , 250 : . . gallu
, . . . gll- , . . gll- ; .-.
gumru . . gmurt , . . gumrn; . . lapan l- (< *la) + . pan ; . . darku drk , , .
:
-,
, , ;
-, , (, /r/). .
, . , .,
ga-ba-re-e vs. gar (
gabarayya), qu-d-am vs. qm qm .

.. . A

475

, I . . ., . = [al] (Mc 5:41), = [lam abaqtan] ? (Mc 15:34).

,
(, II . . .),
, /a/ C1VC2C2-:
m [amm] . . mm [amam], sm [samm] . .
smmn [samamn].
(
I . . .): ym . . ymmy.
, . - III .,
(< *guann) . , ,
.
, /i/ .. , /a/. ,

, kap (< *kaip) vs. kenp (< *kanap)
, garb (< *gari) vs. gar (< *gara) . .
I . . . .. ,
.
, 150 . 250 . . ., . . /i/, , *gari garb.
, , /a/,
//, /g/, //, /p/, //, // : *gara > gar. b : . ,
R3y i 2-
-t : t / (. kat
(-)) vs. /.
,
, ,
, k (< *ki) ( .
kb).
*-at , . mnt. vs. gr. . , ,
,
,
.
, :

476

, .
, . , tG- meh (yhb) /a/
*meyah y > (
. . ), me- ,
.
-n: kan , kon !. , ,
, ( . ).
.. , , . , , ( //, wa mobile
). wa mobile , , ,
teabqn < tebqn < *tabuqn .
, ,
{y}.
, , : bytwl (< *batlat-), ylm
(< *alm-), D-: nyqbl
[nqabbel] . {y}
, tyqwm () . ; , ,
wmyh (< *amayy), {w} , , , /m/.
. , matres lectionis
, .
I . . . ..
. 3- -n (. ).
3-
(. ).
-n: . qaln, qaln, . . . . . quln, . . . . . quln. -

.. . A

477

,
-n . , 3- qaln qal (
{w} ). ,
-n, qlw , (, - )
II . . ., , .
, .. . nty vs. nt . ., -h vs. -hh/-h , .
. .
.. ,
.
, .
.. , III . . . . ,
,
. . (.
). I . . . : . . . *rm, . . *rim-, . . . . *rim-n,
. . . . *rim-y, . . . . *rim-ayy. *-at: . . appr- , .
. appr-t, . . appr-at, . . . . appr-n, . . . . appr-t,
. . . . appr-t.
, C1VC2C3- I ., ., ab-da-il ab-di-il [abdil] , id-ra-dIM [idr hadad] ,
zab-di-il [zabdil] :
CV , . ( /e/),
, *elm > *lem .
, ,
: *lem > *elm. , , , . . *elm > lem.
I . . . ,
,
: *katb vs. *katabtn . I . . . ,
/n/ . , kabn

-

478

, ,
.
.. . (,
, )
, 700 . . . .. , . , .. .

(. . ). . ,
- ( ) ,
, .
; . , , , . .
. .
. .. ,
.
, , ( -),
. ..: (., 2.3.2.
. ).
,
(, ) (. 4., . ). : ( )
.
.. .
: . .
..
.
.. , .
,
, ,
:
..
, .

.. . A

479

.. I .
. .,
, : byt-1 rb-2 [bayt rabb] 2 1 (TAD
A3.8:6). , - . *-a *- (
, .. *-a -,

-). .
,
(. 4.) .. I . . . . nota accusativi *iyyt, :
wt (wt?), I . . . t,
iyy-. nota accusativi *iyyt . , , ( ),
. (hn [] l-tth b-ylk [] l-gb byt-y [] l-gb yt qr-y
[] [], [
,] [nota accusativi] , KAI 222 B:31
.), yt yt
. l- ,
. , ,
, l- nota accusativi, yt/yt . l- , ( )
(. 2.3.4. . ).
I . . . I .
. . yt . , ,
, ( l-) . ,
.. .
( ,
). yt l-
: w-qbl1 mmr2-h d-dny3 b-rwh4
yt hbl5 w-yt dwrwn6 dydh7 w-l-qyn8 w-l-dwrwn9 dydh10 l qbl11 b-rwh12 2 3
1 5 7 6 4, 8 10 9 11
12. . , l-
- , , yt
, -

480

.
:
. , , yt . , ,
(. 4.) yt. ,
.. I . . . l-
.
l- : nota accusativi yt, , l- yt,
, - (. . ) .
yt .. ,
*yt , . mtyh (my) (
mh ytyh), mlth (mly) bwth (b)
.
.. ( ) l-. yt . l- ..
..
, - ,
VI . . . ( ), .
l-
. , ,
(. 4.).
,
, (.
. ). ,

.

..
,
. , l- , : agar

.. . A

481

malk z l-mayy () . ,
: tar1-y2-waw mayy3 l-r mary da-mtt 3 1-2 . : apk-. . nu l-urba. .
. -. . . ..
.. I . . .; , , l .
. 4., . . , , ..

, .. .
. *yat l-,
: fa-li-le arai .
.. - , .
, .. I . . .
I . . . . 4., ,
. .
I . . .
/
: .
- : - ( ). , ; 1-
, 1- . - ( ) ( , ).
: 2- .
, 2- , al ( . .)
; -
l- (,
y-) . 4. l- n-
.
, (. . ). -

482

, XIVI .
(I . . .
. .) :
l-, ; 3-
l- y- (. 4.), ;
l- y-
, ,
;
, , y- l- ;
.., , , (. . / )
. ,
I . . . ( )
,
. al , l.
2- 3- .

: -{n},
-n (., , ). .
(VIII .): yhynq-n . . ! (KAI 222 A:22, 23; 223 A:2, K- ynq), yp-n . . ! (KAI
222 A:24, py), l yml-n . . ! (KAI 222 A:24, ml),
: yhynq-n . . ! (KAI 320:6).
2- , : td-n . . ! (TAD A2. 5:2, yd). , ( yhpk-w
. . KAI 222 C:21),
l.
-n: yl-n. . ()
(KAI 222 A:30), ygzr-n. . ( ) (KAI 222 A:40),
yq-n. . ( ) (KAI 222 A:42). yq-n. . ygzr-n. ..
l- - (IX .): lhynq-n . . !, lp-n
. . ! (. llq-w . .
!).

.. . A

483

,
, -n (.
4. , . teql-n, neql-n ). ,
-n .
.. I .
. . R3y. yiknn. . . . (Da 4:18),
lhwyn. . . . (Da 5:17, hwy). ,
( ) R3y
/y/ -n,
: lhwyn mlwhy. . . . d[y n]w dy l yd md . . . .
, (ATTM 269 E 1:4).
yp-n/lp-n . . ! (py), *-n *ypy-n/*lpy-n. R3y,
{y}: hn tkl-n. . thyt-n. . (TAD A2. 5:5, ty K-). . ,
: , . . . ()
. .. ,
-n (< *-na), .
, , .. II . . . ( Da) *-na *-n.
( )
. : IXVIII .
*-n, *-n(a): *yaqul-n . . vs.
*yaqul-n(a) . . ( thyt-n. . (TAD A2. 5:5) : , () ). *-na
, I . . . : qu--mi-ni [qmn] . .!,
, (< *qm-na).
.. - (*ql-). *- : ybd-h. . [ybud] . . !
(bd, ATTM 268). c :

, . .,
yaqul-n. yaql-.,
yaqul-n. yaql-.,
(- . *-na).

484

R3y (lhwyn . . . . vs. yp-n/lp-n

. . . .!) , R3y .
.. I . . . . . , ( )
, .
, (. .
), , ,
( ) vs. (- ).
IXVIII . , , .. , , : = , = , - = .
, 500 . . . ,
( ) VII . , .. 1996 .: rhnn (
) ( ).
.. I . . . I . . .,
( , ) , ,
- , .
hwy , ,
: zy r zn yhwh dh. y l yml ,
, ( ) (KAI 318:3 .). , ,
. hwy
, , hwy
:
.
.. - .
, , ,

.. . A

485

. , , ,
, . . . damkt . dmxt (
. . ).
.
. : G-, D- ( ), K- ( h- -), t- : tG tD. G K
. ,
(.
IXVIII .). tK
, ,
.. .
G- (
) K- ( ).
D- .
IXVII . . . : ygzr , tgzr , ygzrn , y[r]mn , yr
, tmr , tbr ( ),
ynr ! (KAI 225:13, , 700 .).
G- (
K-) .
(Gp) , *yuqal
. K- (Kp)
.
I . . . .
Gp Kp, 42 Gp 12 Kp . .
G- : ynt
(TAD B2. 3:24), yltm (TAD B2. 9:8), qylw
(TAD A4. 7:17).
{y} , G- (*qal-). , Gp , , .
, Gp *qul-, .. Kp uqal/huqal, .
hussaq (Da 6:24).

486

G-, D- K-; .. ,
, ( - ). t- . ,
,
hwy ,
ln-waw .
. ..

. , , ( , , ).
..
, . *qal,
, . , ,
qal , . .
, , .
(. 4.), G-, l-gb yt
qry (KAI 222 B:32). G-
gb l-, ..
, yt. ,
G- qal.
.. I . . . ( ) G- *maqal,
( . 4.);
qal , .
, .. *qal ,
*maqal, l-
. . l-meta l-sepr [nota accusativi l-] vs. k-h d-sepr - () .
, ..
, .
*qal: *maqal , *qal (.
. ).

.. . A

487

..
qal: .. , . ,
- , . qal
(qel ql) , ,
hwy ( .
. ). (. 4.),
qal,
, - ( ) (
) .
. , , *qal (.
. ). , *qal
, (. . ),
:
klle1. . rawixe2. . d-as-ssye u askar lawie3. .-ne. 3 . . . 1 2
3 (+ 3 . . .) () .
..
,
G-, D-
K-. G- .. *qil. ( ) *qil nomina
agentis, *qal/qaal
: qil
. .. (. ),
I . . . *qil ( ) , , .
( ), , . , - ,
. ,
.. ,
,
, .. -

488

,
.
.. .
(G, D K-, t-). .
.. . . , , t- ( . 4.), D
, . . . -,
- ,
.
D-; ,
, . ,
. , ( D-
) K- : G- ( ), .
. . . ,
.
, , ,
VII
(. . ).
.. ; , .
. (18361930), , .

. - (, )
, XXI .
. . .
, -
. .
. .. .
, - .., . .
-

.. . A

489

.
.. (. . )
, , SV(O),
- . ,
VS(O),
,
, w- : w-mw1 kl2 mlky3 l4
mr5 1 2 4 3 5 (KAI 202:9).
.. , .
IXVII . . .
P S: 1 nh2 nh3 3 2 1 (KAI 202 A:2).
- - . ( )
*u(ay),
..: by1 tb2 l-y-h3 l-bhy . 2 1 -3 (= ) (KAI 216:16). y
: by ,
.
: yty by (KAI 319:10),
hn mlh l-yt b-byt (TAD D7.2:3). tay ,
: mdr1 . . . .-hwn m3 br4 l5 ytw-hy. . . . (= ) 1 5 3 () 4 (Da 2:11). 3- , : nth1 hw2 rh3 dy dhb4 3 4 2 1! (Da 2:38).

.. (. 4. . ), (.
. ). .
( )
(copular sentence) , . - .
. .

. .

490

. ,
( ) . -, , , .

. ,
(. 4. . ).
( ):

(. 4.). , -
(. . ).
..
, , .
. ,
,
,
. , rbh ( qam-), ( nr-), zz ( tqp), gbl
( tm-), hry ( bn br), lmh ,
lm Gt ( qrb), ly ( b), zqn (
yb q).
,
, IX
VIII . , ln- (
*i-, ), dmk ,
kp- ( *abn-), kpn
( *rb), ly- ( *alay- ). . , , , . ,
..

- . , ,
lq n , nsb, nl, sbl ql. ,
, khl t , .

.. . A

491

(. 4.), .. .
.
. .. I .
. . c zy,
,
zy .
my,
.

, . . .
..
,

.. ,

.
.. .
IXVIII ., krs (< . kuss)
. .. 150
,
; . , , , , ,
.
. ,
, , ; . . , .
,
, -
() s- D-. , ,
. . , : awda ,
< G ia , aml < G ml ;
: rr < G rr , sm < G sm ; : rgz < G rgz ,
rhb < G rhb , ssql < G sql .
, , bd , < ad
srhb (-) < G rhb .
-. , -

492

, : zb < . zubu, kll < . uklulu, y < . . .. // ,

.
( bd ):
.. ,
.
, (. . ).
, . . ,
. .
(. 4.). .
,
VII . . .: rhnn (
) ( ), . . . rahana
. .
..
, , . . . 15 ,
,
, dt < .-. *dta-, hdm ,
< .-. *handma-. ,
. . .

(.
, , ).
, .
, , ,
III . . ., . -,
: kls-h sgy () <
. (ATTM 352 ySK 15:5, 134 . . .), b-sply ,
< . , (ATTM II 284).
, 135 . . .,
k-nms < . (ATTM 310 M 21:11). (. 70 .
. .) , , -

.. . A

493

: dymwsny ( ) < . ,
smh ( ) < . .
(. 3) : qytrws < . , psnryn psntryn < . ,
swmpnyh < . . , II . . . , II . . . II . . . , .
, .
. 4.
( 46)
, , , hpyq < . , hygmn < . , nmws < .
, sw < . .
, .
. .

.
, .
.. , ,
, .
, dnr < . denarius , wrn < .
veteranus , , lgywn < . legio , qry < . centuria
, qlny < . colonia . , .

, . .

,

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2 R Regum 2 (4- )
Na Nahum ()
Cant Canticum Canticorum ( )
Eccl Ecclesiastes ()
Thr Threni ( )
Est Esther ()
Da Daniel ()
Esr Esra ()
Neh Nehemia ()
Mc Secundum Marcum ( )
Mt Secundum Mattheum (
)
In Secundum Iohannem ( )
1 Cor Ad Corinthios I (
)

497

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C..

1.1.0. .
(...) , 539331 . . .
1.1.1. ... rmyt (B2.11:4, 6); , *aram,
II I . . . (. . ).
rmi ( Da 2:4a). , , ...
( )