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This is to certify that the project report titled Real Estate Industry is submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration at MAHARAJA AGRASAIN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES,ROHINI SEC-22, NEW DELHI is a bonafide project carried out by ANKIT JINDAL under my supervision and guidance and no part of this report had been submitted for the award or any other degree, diploma, fellowship or other similar titles or prixes and the work has not been published in any scientific or popular journal or magazine.
Submitted to
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The present work is an effort to throw some light on Real Estate Industry. The work would not have been possible to come to the present shape without the able guidance, supervision and help to me by number of people. With deep sense of gratitude I acknowledge the encouragement and guidance received by my organizational guide Ms Sulekha Munshi and other staff members. I convey my heartful affection to all those people who helped and supported me during the course, for completion of my Project Report.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Real estate has proved to be a real engine of growth. The real estate sector in India is emerging as the next engine of economic growth going by the fact that it is the second largest employer next only to agriculture. It has significant linkages with several other sectors and over 250 associated industries. According to estimates, every rupee invested in this sector results in 78 paisa being added to the GDP. Accordingly, a unit increase in expenditure has a multiplier effect and the capacity to generate income is as high as five times. For instance, if the economy grows at the rate of 10%, the sector has the capacity to grow at 14% and generate 3.2 million new jobs over a decade. The sector size is close to $12bn and grows at 30% per annum. Presently, it is contributing 5% of the country's GDP and is expected to rise up to 6% within three to four years. The present project has been carried out with the objective of analyzing the financial aspects related to the real estate.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
INTRODUCTION REAL ESTATE FINANCE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DISCUSIONS DATA ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES
INTRODUCTION
REAL ESTATE:
The term real estate is defined as land, including the air above it and the group below it, and any building or structure on it is also referred to as realty. It covers residential housing, commercial offices, and trading spaces such as theater, hotels, and restaurant retail outlets, industrial buildings such as factories and government buildings. Real estate involves the purchase, sale and development of land, residential and nonresidential buildings. The main players in the real estate market are the landlords, developers, builders, real estate agents, tenants, buyers etc. The activities of the real estate sector encompass the housing and construction sectors also. The real estate sector in India has assumed growing importance with the liberalization of the economy. The consequent increase in business opportunities and migration of the labor force has, in turn, increased the demand for commercial and housing space, especially rental housing. Developments in the real estate sector are being influenced by the developments in the retail, hospitality and entertainment (e.g.: Hotels, resorts, cinema theater) industries, economies services and information technology (IT) enabled services etc. The real estate sector is a major employment driver, being the second largest employer next only to agriculture. This is because of the chain of backward and forward linkage that the sector has with the other sectors of economy, especially with the housing, construction and commercial sector. About 250 ancillary industries such as cement, steel, brick, timber, building material etc are dependent on the real estate industry.
7 had also played a pivotal role in the development of this sector .It had aided the sector by giving income tax benefits to consumer and benefits to developers. It initiated the rationalization of stamp duty and repealed the Urban Land Ceiling Act in 9 states. A number of state governments are moving towards computerization of land records. Real estate in India has a bright future .The report also pointed out certain issues, which need to be addressed by the government to ensure rapid growth. Some of the issues are absence of large listed companies in these sectors, which has affected fund flow. Foreign still cannot buy or sell undeveloped land, and reassessment of the legal aspect to stamp duty and rent control. At last, changing demographics, low interest rate regime, rising disposable income, and fiscal incentives have provided huge demand for housing. Further nuclearization of Indian families has accelerate the demand for mortgages and for fresh housing thus give rise to more real estate developer in India. Political reforms in relation to real estate: The government is quite rational when it comes to infrastructure and development in the country as it is required to achieve and maintain a growth rate for the economy. The real estate sector being directly related to it, is being given due importance. The government has made suitable amendments in the FDI regulations, taxation structures and various land acts in order to attract more foreign investment into the country. Economic factors: The lower interest rates and ease of credit availability is fueling the demand for real estate in the country. This scenario coupled with the huge potential for consumer credit penetration in India is favoring the real estate sector. Demographic factors: Demographic factors like increasing literacy rates, higher disposable incomes, and increasing urbanization in the country are important factors propelling the demand for real estate in the country. The above factors are going to generate huge demand for residential space, which comprises 80% of the total real estate demand in the country.
9 booming IT AND ITE s segment. With lower operating costs being the driver office property have moved from Central Business Districts to suburbs to Class I cities and this market is continue to expand in Tier II and tier III cities. Real estate sector is still facing the main problem of high stamp duty in Indian states. These range in most Indian cities between 10% to 15% Some states even have double stamp incidence first on land and then on its developments even National Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 recommend stamp duty of 2-3%. Its needed to be reduced by taking the recommendation into consideration which is mentioned in the report otherwise this increasing rates of stamp duty and land cost will give rise to parallel economy which lead to huge loss of government revenue.
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11 detail. A number of transactions and also corporate land bank values are ignoring this basic tenet of real estate investing. Questioning the capability to deliver: Although there have been huge plans of development in all the areas of real estate development whether residential, commercial, office, retail or SEZ, various questions have been raised on the execution capability of the developers in delivering the promised product within the specified time period. Oversupply: With the real estate story getting big in India, major plans are afoot for various types of real estate developments in big cities and small towns. There have been concerns of an oversupply situation arising 2-3 years from now. Still unorganized: India's property market remains unorganized and underdeveloped. This creates risk for investors. In the absence of a clear title to property, the risk of litigation is high. For those foreigners who invest in India via real estate investment trusts, there are no rules on the marking of their stakes to market or on whether they must pay stamp duty on transactions. Relation to the stock market: The true origin of this bubble-like situation may be traced to the stock market boom. The Indian stock market has been witnessing a nonstop bull run for an unusually long time. During the last couple of years, share prices have surpassed all expectations. The present situation can be compared to Japan's real estate crash in 1991. Prior to the crash, both the stock market and the property market were on fire. Profits from the stock markets used to be transferred to the property market and vice versa. The same thing is happening in India as well.
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13 As the focus on infrastructure development by the government has been strengthening, growth prospects of Indian real estate sector looks bright. A study by housing development finance reveals that India is short of 20 million housing units. Deutsche Bank researchers forecast that by 2030 India will need up to 10 million new housing units per year. Another driving factor for the industry is SEZs, which come with tax exemptions like 10-year corporate tax holiday. Besides this, the fifth most attractive market in the world, the retail market of India, has also been contributing significantly on a large scale for the growth of the sector. Leading national and global players have big plans to invest in the infrastructure and construction of the retailing business. All these positive signals indicate that there is huge growth potential for the real estate industry. Joint ventures and consolidations will become the order of the day in realty space. However, there are challenges like fragmented industry with less transparency and high transaction costs. The condition can be improved with the increase in the professionalism of the industry and flow of organized money into the sector. Given its huge growth potential, real estate can be vindicated as the best investment avenue for long-term investors. The following is the overall assessment about the real estate industry in IndiaReal estate sector is a major contributor to GDP (Gross domestic product of India), over the last decade, the average household income in urban areas has grown at a CAGR of 5%. According to estimates, 80% of the real estate developed in India is residential space and the remaining 20% comprises of offices, shopping malls, restaurants and hospitals. According to the 10th Five Year Plan, there will be a shortage of 22.7 million housing units by the year 2007. The changing lifestyles of Indians and better incomes have led to the development of retail and hyper malls. This, in turn, has led to the demand for space from the retail sector. Real estate has proved to be a real engine of growth The real estate sector in India is emerging as the next engine of economic growth going by the fact that it is the second largest employer next only to agriculture. It has significant linkages with several other sectors and over 250 associated industries. According to estimates, every
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14 rupee invested in this sector results in 78 paisa being added to the GDP. Accordingly, a unit increase in expenditure has a multiplier effect and the capacity to generate income is as high as five times. For instance, if the economy grows at the rate of 10%, the sector has the capacity to grow at 14% and generate 3.2 million new jobs over a decade. The sector size is close to $12 bn and grows at 30% per annum. Presently, it is contributing 5% of the country's GDP and is expected to rise up to 6% within three to four years. Along with the residential property, the sector has also witnessed a spurt in demand in commercial property mainly driven by fast-growing IT and ITES services along with BPO boom. According to estimates, 42 million sq. ft. of space will be required every year till 2010 only in these services in cities like Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. As the cost of land in leading metros is skyrocketing, developers are getting interested in developing townships in Tier II cities and industrial towns where the growth of real estate is relatively slow. It is expected that in the very near future, even these cities will witness abnormal prices.
THE KEY DRIVERS IDENTIFIED BEHIND THIS GROWTH ARE-IN CASE OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY:
Higher affordability (higher salaries, easy credit); tax benefits to borrowers; existing shortages; social structural changes in urbanized areas (splitting of joint families). In case of Commercial: IT/ITES sector expansion, the local consumption story leading to higher growth in corporate earnings; order books full; corporates expanding, multinationals entering India to service huge middle class. In Retail sector: Getting organized (3% of retail is organized as against 17% in China); foreign brands and local brands seeking visibility, new formats being developed; disposable incomes rising; younger population earning and spending well. In terms of infrastructure Indian real estate sector is relatively poor to global standards: If we compare Indian real estate sector with the global real estate industry, we fare very poorly in terms of our infrastructure. While in the US, no matter where you go, you have access to high quality infrastructure (drinking water, well-planned roads, greenery, power, communications, healthcare, education, etc.), here in India, even our signature cities are crumbling. We have not been able to create alternate
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15 cities in the manner that is required so as to release the pressure on the few that we have. Until new towns/cities come up, the few existing ones will continue to provide sub-standard quality of living and at very high prices. Another sharp contrast is in the sphere of public housing. While more than 50% of Mumbai lives in slums, most of Singapore lives in (subsidized) mass housing provided by the government. Whether this boom will sustain or not, the answer could be both a yes and a no. Yes, because of the above mentioned positive drivers. No, because a lot of factors/events can spoil the party; such as, an increase in interest rates globally and locally, a political directive (overseas) to reduce outsourcing to India, the emergence of China as an alternate outsourcing hub, a major terrorist attack, the policies of the government with respect to land and real estate supply, property prices becoming unaffordable, etc.Already in some locations it appears that the cost of land is way too high in comparison to the finished product, and there is a price limit beyond which resistance can set in. Therefore, there is a risk of having unsold inventory at a high cost. In some sectors, there is a re-emergence of the investor in large proportions. Hence, when the stock comes in the market for absorption in large volumes, will there be actual users to absorb it? That is still to be seen. On the retail front as a whole, though we (as a country) have barely scratched the surface of organized retail, I feel that in some locations there is an excess supply of mall space coming up. With terribly poor efficiencies and very high running costs, not to mention a complete lack of differentiation, its a matter of time before these malls will come back in the market to be repositioned. Today, there is a feeling of success seeing footfalls by the thousands, which reminds me of the internet days eyeballsplenty of visitors, poor conversion into shoppers.
BUYERS PERSPECTIVE:
1. Quality of Construction Obviously when one buys a property he makes sure that the quality of construction is good. Everyone while buying a new product wants to buy quality stuff. Same applies to the property. Every buyer wants to buy a well built house.
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16 2. Pollution Free Environment The immediate surroundings of the property is always evaluated by the buyer. These days developers give due importance in making the surroundings beautiful with innovative and creative landscaping. They involve landscape architects from different corners of the world to give their customers the best. The NCR is becoming more and more popular among home buyers because of its greenery and pollution-free environment. 3. Water Availability Water Availability, power backup and safety and security are some very important factors which people do consider while purchasing the property. All these factors are hugely responsible for the transition of people from Delhi to housing complexes in NCR as many colonies of Delhi faces problem of shortage of water and power failure while availability of these essential facilities are ensured in housing complexes by the respective developers. 4. Occupancy - Due to increasing crime this factor is becoming more and more important for the buyers. They dont want to settle down in such a place where hardly anyone else lives. People prefer to stay in a reasonably well-occupied housing complex. But its also true that people dont prefer to stay in highly populated areas as it was observed in the case of Shipra Sun City, Ghaziabad where 5000 families living in one single housing complex fight for space and car parking place. 5. Suitability of Home Type Nowadays due to the wide range of options available people can afford to be choosy. Now they dont need to compromise on anything. They dont buy a property till the time all of the essential things match their requirements. Developers do pay attention to the different requirements of different customers. Some want a flat on the second floor while some want a flat with two bedrooms. All these requirements are tried to be met by the developers. 6. Sport Complex / Recreational Facilities All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. People have started believing in this concept. Now each parent wants that within the complex his/her kids get all kind of sports to play. Even adults want different recreational facilities to be available in the housing complex, which may help them in eliminating work stress. 16
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DEVELOPERS PERSPECTIVE:
1. The major external factors which people consider while purchasing the property are Price, Availability of loan and Proximity to workplace. 2. The major In-Locality factors which people consider while purchasing the property are Quality of construction, Availability of water and Pollution-free environment
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19 Real estate funds set up to invest only in India have already raised more than $2.7 billion. And new funds worth as much as $4 billion are being planned by J.P. Morgan, Britain's Knight Frank, and other foreign investors. Warburg Pincus, the largest private-equity investor in India, says it is spending nearly a third of its time studying opportunities in this area. And Deutsche Asset Management recently hired someone to head its real estate activities in India. "As the largest active managers of real estate funds in the world," says Edouard Peter, head of Deutsche Asset Management Asia Pacific and Middle East, "we expect to be actively raising and investing funds in real estate in India." It isn't going to be a cakewalk. "It's not easy to do business in India," says Seek Ngee Huat, president of GIC Real Estate, an arm of the Singapore government that is planning to invest several hundred million dollars in Indian real estate over the next two years. "It's difficult finding suitable partners who have the same long-term objectives, as most firms are small and family run." Already margins have shrunk. "The vast majority of the planned real estate funds are targeting annual rates of return of between 25% and 30%, but I'm skeptical that the vast majority will cross 20%," says Mumbai real estate advisor Rajiv Bhatia. To achieve the target returns, several funds are focusing on second-tier towns and second-tier developers. "Many investors are going to lose their shirt here, as it's an opaque market, and a wrong partner can easily do you in," says S. Sriniwasan, executive director at Kotak Mahindra Realty fund in Mumbai. There's also bureaucracy and corruption to deal with. Says Ashwin Ramesh, who runs a boutique fund called Primary Real Estate Advisors: "There are a couple of hundred malls currently being developed across India, and predictions are that only 10% will be successful. Yet every developer feels his mall will be among the survivors."
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21 Figure I
To evaluate real estate as an investment option, use the following guidelines. Check out the various loan options to raise the finances. Ensure that there is scope for infrastructure development around the property under consideration. Another factor is the location and the proximity to schools, hospitals, markets, public transportation, etc. Check out the rental returns and capital appreciation potential in the area where the property is located. Actual property taxes to be paid. Finally, ensure that you are able to maximize the tax benefits to the limit.
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22 The rental rates in India are among the highest in the world as returns on investment on the capital value of the property. Figure II compares the rental returns for various cities all over the world with the Indian cities. Investment in commercial property, where the returns are 10 to 15 per cent, is a proven option, while residential property is always in demand for leasing. Figure II
Since the 9/11 attack in the US, investments in Indian markets have gathered pace. India has encouraged Non Resident Indians (NRIs) with tax incentives and relaxation of foreign direct investments (FDI) rules. The sudden change in sentiments is clearly visible in Indias bulging foreign exchange reserves, which are at a record high of over 60 billion US dollars. And the RBI has relaxed the rules further for NRIs with respect to repatriation of foreign exchange on real estate investments. Besides being a safe destination, India offers 10 to 12 per cent returns, perhaps the highest in the world. 30 per cent of all high major real estate transactions in Mumbai are accounted by NRIs.
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23 Moreover, with increasing volatility in stock markets and falling interest rates, many investors have started considering investment in commercial and residential properties. The bottom-line is that this is the time to go shopping for property; as the market has started firming up already. As the organised market develops, real estate as an investment is one of the better options available today. As Naresh Malkani, CEO of Indiaproperties, says, Considering the current property rates and housing loan interest rates, it is worth investing in real estate in India.
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EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Commercial which ranks next only to food and clothing amongst basic human needs has always had and continues to have important socio-economic implications. Especially in countries like India which are in the throes of rapid development housing has come to assume a crucial role as it contributes significantly to the national economy and nation building. Arguably, housing has been the only industry in recent times which has not only withstood the recessionary pressures, but has also shown a consistent and healthy growth and if the future is to be interpreted in light of the macro picture, the best is yet to come. Housing and GDP are interlinked and contribute to each others growth. It is, therefore, no wonder that Housing for All is invariably proclaimed as a national priority by all major political parties and adopted as a goal by the Government of India in the National Housing and Habitat Policy document. Integrated housing development not only satisfy the basic human needs but also facilitates holistic development within the parameters of a planned welfare economy. Safe, secure and affordable housing by any means increases employment and educational opportunities for individuals and enriches communities leading to a better civil society and better quality of life. Besides the direct contribution which housing makes to GDP it increases social capital which is intelligible wealth that comes with good social network at the heart of which lies clean environment, hygienic living and quality housing. India, with its billion plus population, still witnesses an acute shortage of dwelling units. Despite sharp increase in the Usable Housing Stock from 70 million units in 1961 to170 million units in 2001, the shortfall in 2001 was estimated at 19 million dwelling units, although unofficial estimates peg the figure at higher levels. This has occurred due to the high population growth, especially in urban areas. Studies reveal that the population in the five most populous cities of India, namely Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Chennai & Hyderabad are set to increase at a scorching pace of more than 50% between 1995 and 2010 and by 2025 the number will be more than double. The 2001 Census reveals that the decadal population growth in the urban areas is one and
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25 a half times higher than the national average. All these statistics point to a high level of migration of population from rural and semi urban areas to a more urbanized form of settlement. The percentage of population staying in urban areas have steadily climbed from 23.34% in 1981 to almost 28% in 2001. As on 2001, more than 5000 centres have been identified as urban centres in India. Coupled with the demand for dwelling units, another major factor which has contributed to the buoyancy of Housing activity is the affordability of properties. This, in turn, has been the result of a combined effect of stabilized property prices, higher level of incomes and lower cost of borrowings. In fact the boom witnessed by the Housing Finance sector can be heavily attributed to these factors. Housing has often been called the Engine Of Domestic Growth of the Economy. An investment in Housing and construction triggers of a series of investments in various sectors. From Heavy Industries like Steel, Cement to industries like Paint, Furnitures and even to Small Scale Industries, Housing affects as many as 269 industries directly and indirectly. Housing ranks third amongst 14 major industries in terms of total linkage effect in the Economy. The linkage effect, particularly with reference to the Steel and Cement Industries was also underlined by the Government in the Economic Survey of 2002-2003. In terms of contribution to the GDP, for every rupee invested in Housing and construction, 78 paisa gets added to the GDP. Housing ranks fourth in terms of the multiplier effect on the Economy, ahead of sectors like transport and agriculture. The Investments in the Housing sector has steadily increased from Rs. 1150 cr in the First Plan period to more than Rs. 1,20,000 cr in the Ninth Plan period. Estimates of the Tenth Plan peg the figure at about Rs. 7,00,000 cr. Perhaps the greatest socio-economic impact of Housing is in employment generation. Housing is the second largest employment generator in the country after Agriculture. A host of vocations and professions derive their livelihoods from Housing, either 25
26 directly or indirectly. Construction workers, builders, developers, suppliers, civil engineers, valuers, property consultants, furnishers, interior decorators, plumbers the list is virtually unending. In a developing nation like ours, Housing can be the solution to the most nagging problem that any Government faces that of employment. Apart from these various indirect benefits that the economy derives from Housing, the Government itself is a direct beneficiary in terms of collection of stamp duty rising out of acquisition of real estate assets. It is therefore not surprising that the Government has left no stones unturned to support Housing activities. The continued tax incentives on Housing Loans to trigger a higher off-take in credit for retail Housing is a reaffirmation of the Governments committment to aid the sector. Other initiatives like extension of benefits u/s 80 I to mass housing projects, scrapping of the Urban Land ceiling act, implementation of the Securitization Act are all in line with the same objective of propelling growth through Housing. However, it may also be added here that there is scope of further improvement in various areas , mainly with reference to streamlining of laws related to construction activities and rationalizing of stamp duties on transfer, securitisation, etc. When one looks at the future, the big picture appears to be very bright. A comparison of the Mortgage Finance to GDP ratio places India at the foot of the table with a penetration rate of less than 2% , lower than the 9% of Thailand, 36% of Singapore and 51% of USA. There is thus much room for the upside and a long way to go. With the population of India steadily increasing, it will not be long before India overtakes China and emerges at the top position. Demographic experts have predicted Indias working age population the segment which has the highest demand for Housing to be the highest. This ensures that the demand for Housing is a long and sustained one. Rapid strides in Infrastructure development like the Golden Quadrilateral Project and the National Highways Development Programme, which have progressed at an impressive speed is bound to trigger off a fresh round of
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27 Housing and habitation through further development of semi urban and rural areas as well as setting up of new Satellite Townships. To sum up, a reference to the Goldman Sachs Report on the Development of the BRIC Economies can be made, wherein India is projected to have the fourth largest Economy in less than 30 years time from now. In order to achieve that level of growth, it is imperative for the Housing Industry to continue its contribution to the economy at an increased pace in the future as well.
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
The last three budgets have provided enough incentives and the drastic reduction in interest rates, making easier for the common man to achieve his distant dream of a home come true. But on the supply side very little has been done to ensure that developers who are the producers of homes get access to the required funds. It is conferences like these that helping us carve out solutions for a better tomorrow. The trade and industry was fairly to blame in the 80s when there were not many professionals in the building trade. It is still one of the largest unorganised sector in the country, but slowly companies deeply committed to housing are becoming more responsible, accountable and transparent. Like other industries, real estate developers are also processors and producers of goods (i.e. the home) which is a tangible product and has enormous cost from concept to completion. It is impossible for any developer firm to bear the entire cost, hence the need for real estate financing. The customer preferences have moved away from under construction to nearing completion or completed projects and hence the investments in the projects have changed. Strangely other industries get financed by the same financiers for process as well as end product (i.e. the automobile industry). The banks and Financial Institutions have
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28 exposure to the producers and the purchaser but when it comes to developers the very same Financial Institution shy away. Now coming to the issue of funding developers norms have been laid out and rating should be made mandatory. The one time pure vanilla product construction finance is no longer available and it has out lived its purpose. Now the time has come for innovative products as the market conditions have changed in the past 5 years. Receivable discounting - is one option where projects in advanced stages can be financed. The balance amount receivable against sold flats can be financed by Housing Finance Institutions/banks (practice which is being followed) to infuse liquidity and enable developers to complete the project within stipulated time period.
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29 Position on project / Venture Capitals The financiers takes a position like private placement of area to be constructed at discounted rates and funds the project. On completion of the project or during the construction, the developer sells on behalf of the institution and gets their investment back with return. All loans originating from these sales should go to the institution which funded the project. This the financiers can do after due diligence as listed below:
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30 renewable on a year on year basis. This covers all the projects of the developers. This can be availed after the institution is satisfied about the following items-
USE OF IT IS VITAL
Here India has an opportunity of leapfrogging ahead of a number of other countries by harnessing its comparative advantage in information technology. In some of the more developed countries online databases of different kinds of real estate (office, retail and industrial/warehouse) with data on city-wise vacancy rates, capitalization rates, the local economic situation, job and household creation help firms, investors and businessmen make informed choices.
THE DISCIPLINE
Links with urban planning and regional economics, on the one hand, and finance and macroeconomics on the other would go a long way in a better understanding of the economy, its monitoring, regulation, management and forecasting. It will also promote appraisal and valuation techniques. In India, provision of housing credit may be a supply side issue since banks cannot properly evaluate lending risks in the 30
31 absence of development of credit and risk assessment systems, and databases on credit benchmarks and credit scoring. It is vital to develop these risk management systems on the basis of sound data and proper, widely available techniques. All these steps will promote analyses and research that could inform domestic or foreign investors to evaluate markets and carry out risk assessment for purposes of property development and investment. The establishment of the discipline of real estate economics would help in the dissemination of a common language of discourse and promote standardised procedures, both necessary for national market development.
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33 good destination for the middle class, as far as accessibility, social and physical infrastructure and growth perspective are concerned.
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To find out the reasons for transition of people from Delhi to National Capital Region (NCR). To find out the perception of people about the cities included in NCR namely Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad To know the degree of importance of various factors which people consider while purchasing a house.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SAMPLING METHOD
Stratified method of sampling was used for face-to-face survey while snowball sampling method was used while conducting telephonic survey.
SAMPLE SIZE
People living in Gurgaon Housing and Society Complexes, in Noida housing complexes and in Ghaziabad (Indirapuram) Housing complexes were surveyed. Total Number of people surveyed was: Gurgaon Housing Complex Gurgaon Society Complex Noida Housing Complex Ghaziabad Housing Complex ----------------200 40 56 150 -----446 -----Sales Manager of 25 under-construction Housing Complexes were also surveyed to know the degree of importance of various factors that people consider while purchasing property, from developers viewpoint.
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PRIMARY METHOD
1) Face to Face interview 2) Questionnaires 3) Telephonic Survey 4) Survey through E-Mail 5) Survey through Reference
SECONDARY METHOD
1) Magazines on Property 2) Internet sites on Property 3) Internet websites of popular property developers of India
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TRAVELLING EVERYDAY.
TO
FAR-OFF
PLACES
FROM
DELHI
Analyzing the perception of people about different cities of NCR was little difficult as some respondents didnt have much knowledge about Ghaziabad and Faridabad.
FACTORS WERE
1. Brand name Brand name is something that immediately comes into your mind when you think of any product. Even in case of purchase of property, brand name plays a major role. Many people to prefer buy the property developed by well-known and reliable developers. Moreover properties developed by established developers help buyers in getting the best returns, as these properties can be sold any time at a premium.
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38 2. Advertisements Its an old belief that advertisement can sell literally anything. In order to ascertain whether its true for property or not, it was also included as a first pull factor in the questionnaire. 3. Location This deals with property and connectivity to road links, airports, railway stations and bus stops. The more approachable the property is to the public transport terminal, the more value it holds. Proximity to the Central Business District also plays an important role in this aspect. 4. Affordability Budget plays an important role in short listing the options available in the market. Its only when the budget is decided, one starts looking for the available options in the price range decided.
PARAMETERS WERE
1. Location - This parameter includes all the locational factors such as proximity to central business district, to schools, to hospitals, existence of huge shopping malls, etc.
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39 2. Business Hub This parameters helps in analyzing the perception that people have about the job opportunities and business prospects available in different cities included in NCR. 3. Quality of Living This parameter helps in analyzing what people think about the style of living prevalent in the 5 cities included in NCR. 4. Law and Order This parameter helps in analyzing what people about the safety and security situation prevalent in the 5 cities chosen for the survey. 5. Infrastructual Development This parameter helps in analyzing how respondents rate 5 different cities chosen for the survey, on the basis of conditions of road and highways, availability of public transport, etc. In order to achieve the third objective of knowing the degree of importance of various factors, which people consider while purchasing the property, two questions were included in the questionnaire. One to find the degree of importance of external factors (See Q2 of Housing Questionnaire given in annexure 1) and another to find the degree of importance of in-locality factors (See Q3 of Housing questionnaire given in annexure 1).
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IN LOCALITY FACTORS
1.Peaceful Locality 2.Pollution Free environment 3.Population/occupancy 4.Quality of Construction 5.Maintenance 6.Suitability of Home Type 7.Utilization of space 8.Water Availability 9.Power Backup 10.Safety-Security 11.Recreational facilities/Sports Complex 12.Car Parking facility 13.Club Membership
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DISCUSIONS
REAL ESTATE MARKET
Construction sector has been the focus sector for some time as its impact on the economy is big by virtue of its being a huge employment generator. The real estate market is booming. Its growing at around 12% per annum. Today its boom time in the real estate market and homebuyers couldnt have asked for a better opportunity to buy a home. Indian developers are now not talking of anything less than world class. Infrastructure and economic development of some cities as well as the housing shortages are driving the boom. There is a fundamental change in the approach of the buyer, developer and the government. They all are seeking quality development. The middle class demands the best that money can buy. With the competition in the market, developers have to deliver the best within specified time frames and the government, discharged from the duty of construction has to keep everyones interest at heart. The Major reasons for boom in the real estate market are:
AFFORDABILITY
Another major reason for boom is that housing in India has become more affordable in recent times. A decade ago, a house cost nearly 15-20 times an individuals annual salary. Today the cost of a house has come down to just about three to four times an individuals annual pay package.
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42 In the past, owing a home was a dream realized only after retirement. Largely because people looked at it as a means of providing for their children, having themselves lived in a joint family setup. Joint families are progressively getting included in the pages of history book even in a country like ours. Not surprisingly the rise in the number of nuclear families is pushing demand for housing further to cater to a generation that is not averse to taking risks. Nor are they hesitant when it comes to paying a price to realize their dreams
INVESTMENT OPTION
Competitive offers by home loan companies combined with good quality projects developed by reputed builders having a number of amenities have made investing in properties very attractive Wherever there is growth and opportunity, investors are bound to be around and traditionally real estate has been a safe investment option. Property is looked upon by many as an investment option that appreciates substantially when compared to other traditional tools of investment.
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MIGRATION OF INDUSTRIES
Another major reason for boom in the real market is the migration of industries to smaller towns leading to rural progress. With villages turning into towns and towns becoming metros, the property market is growing steadily. This revolution has directly resulted in greater demand for not just housing but also for the overall real estate market with heightened demand for better infrastructure, transportation facilities, entertainment zones, shopping malls, multiplexes and more.
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DATA ANALYSIS
Three tables and charts have been prepared for each of the three cities namely Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad to analyze what respondents from each of these cities think about five cities included in NCR namely Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad on the basis of five parameters namely Location, Business Opportunity, Law and Order, Style of Living and Infrastructural Development and also to know the reasons for which they bought the property.
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Parameters
FINDINGS:
1. Gurgaon buildings stand tall in each and every parameter. Gurgaon tops in all the parameters among Gurgaon respondents. 2. Though in case of Infrastructural Development Greater Noida and Noida are also ranked well by the Gurgaon residents. Probably the credit goes to DND flyover. 3. Location wise, people of Gurgaon feel only Gurgaon and Noida are good in the entire NCR as Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad could fetch only 1, 2 and 1 favourable response out of total 240 responses.
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46
Brand name 46
Advertisements 10
Location 140
Affordability 72
52%
FINDINGS:
1. The basic reason for people buying property in Gurgaon in mass scale is its locational advantage. It shares border with the Capital of India. Moreover huge employment generating BPO companies are located in Gurgaon. Many Reputed schools and colleges have also come up in Gurgaon. Some of Indias biggest shopping malls having shops of international brands as well as famous national brands are also situated here. 2. Second major factor which attracted people to buy property in Gurgaon was affordability. Developers realizing that most of the people shifting to Gurgaon will be from middle class society they constructed big towers with numerous reasonable flats. Since the price of the property kept by the developers suited the pockets of buyers they were able to buy it without any financial problem.
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47 3. Third major factor was brand name. According to 17 % of the total respondents brand name was the prime reason for which they bought the property. In Gurgaon Housing Complexes have been constructed by popular and leading property developers of India like Unitech, DLF, Ansals, Omaxe, Etc. 4. Only 4 % of the total respondents feel that it was advertisements which made them buy the property. Advertisements can actually put the name of the property in the mind of the buyer but no one actually buys the property only on the basis of advertisements. Thus it will be wrong to say that advertisements are useless since they do help in selling though not directly.
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Reasons
FINDINGS:
1. Among various reasons better location is the most important reason for the people to shift to Gurgaon Housing and Society Complexes. Why location is most important has become apparent till now. 2. Proximity to Workplace and Better Facilities are close second and third most important reasons. Proximity to Workplace may become the most important reason in few years time as industry migration to Gurgaon is happening quickly. All the international brands are preferring Gurgaon over Delhi for their regional 48
49 office. Moreover people in need of better facilities like water availability, Power Backup, Safety and security, etc also prefer to shift to Gurgaon as Housing complexes of Gurgaon provide all these facilities. 3. Need for more space, Need for Healthy Environment, Need for Own House and Increase in Living Status can be considered as other major factors for people shifting to Gurgaon Housing Complexes. 4. People also purchased property in Gurgaon for investment purpose. This reason may not be seen in such a large number in any other city of NCR. Its so because people consider investment in property in Gurgaon as a very safe bet and expect high return on Investment.
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Parameters
FINDINGS:
1. In Location, Noida is a clear winner with 54 out of 56 respondents choosing it as the best location in the entire NCR. That is a huge percentage around 96%. This shows that Noida people are happy with its Location. Noida is located close to the Capital of India and is also very closely located to Indirapuram, another upcoming city. 2. In all parameters other than location, Gurgaon has also been ranked as no.1 by many people.
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51 3. One significant thing in this chart is that Faridabad was selected by many Noida respondents as no.1 in case of business opportunities available. 4. The most significant thing indicated by the chart is that people of Noida have chosen Greater Noida as no.1 in Infrastructural Development.41 out of 56 respondents have favourably marked for greater Noida while only 9 have marked for Noida. 27
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Brand name
43%
Advertisements Location
56%
Affordability
FINDINGS:
1. In Noida just like in Gurgaon, location is the most important factor that pulls the people to buy a new home. 2. Advertisements have no role in the sale of homes but as said before in the report advertisements do add the advertised property as an option in the mind of the prospective buyer. 3. According to respondents from Noida Brand name of the developer didnt play a big role in making them buy the property. Its probably because Noida doesnt have highly popular brands like Ansals, Unitech, Eros, DLF, etc.
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53 4. Affordability is another major reason for the buying the property in Noida. As there is hardly any popular developer in Noida and the homes provided in Noida are not as luxurious as that in Gurgaon, the prices are very low as compared to the prices prevailing in Gurgaon. In Gurgaon Higher class and Upper middle class people also buy homes in large numbers whereas in Noida the number of high class and upper middle class people looking for new home is very less.
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Number of people
Reasons
FINDINGS:
1. One of the most important thing found out in the survey was that the one of the major reasons to buy the house was the desire of people to have their own house. This reason was not at all important in case of Gurgaon. This goes on to show that houses in Noida are very reasonable. Mostly people earlier living in rent have bought properties in Noida either to avoid high rents prevailing in Delhi or due to the desire of having an own asset. 2. Need for better facilities was tick marked by maximum number of people as a reason for buying the property. This again proves the fact that people buying property in Noida are generally from middle class who earlier used to live in less
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55 popular colonies of Delhi which are deprived of essential facilities like water, power and safety. 3. Another major reason for buying the property in Noida is Need for more space. Generally people earlier living in joint families or newly married couples prefer buying property in Noida as they are affordable. 4. Only 1 out of 56 respondents have said that investment was the main reason to buy the property, which is around 2 % of the total respondents. This goes on to show that people dont generally buy property in Noida for investment purpose. 5. Another important point to notice is that in Noida proximity to workplace reason is insignificant. Its probably because virtually non-existence of BPO companies in Noida.
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GHAZIABAD
PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE ABOUT THE CITIES OF NCR
Quality of Gurgaon Noida Greater Noida Faridabad Ghaziabad Location Business Opportunity 20 28 93 75 2 6 1 17 34 24 Living 59 74 9 2 6 Law & order 60 64 12 5 9 Infrastructure 40 49 48 0 13
Parameters
FINDINGS:
1. 1.Respondents from Ghaziabad have chosen Noida as the best location in the entire NCR. As many as 93 out of 150 respondents have marked favourably for Noida which is around 60 % of the total respondents. This clearly goes to show that Ghaziabad respondents have good image of Noida as far as location is concerned. 2. In all other parameters there is a clash between Noida and Gurgaon but Noida seems to lead in every parameter. 3. In business opportunity Noida have again been favoured while rest four have almost same image in the mind of Ghaziabad respondents.
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57 4. In case of quality of living both Noida and Gurgaon have been marked number 1. Style of living in other three places do not have enjoy
by many as
good reputation in the mind of the Ghaziabad respondents. 5. In case of law and order Ghaziabad and Faridabad are clear losers. This fact has been observed in all the three cities. 6. In Infrastructure Greater Noida enjoys good reputation. 1. 31
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46%
FINDINGS:
1. In Ghaziabad affordability is the main reason for the people buying property out there. The occupied Housing complexes of Ghaziabad are pretty old and very reasonable. Developments in Ghaziabad started much before it started in Gurgaon and Noida. So at that time prices were low. Now with the massive development of Noida, Gurgaon as well as of Indirapuram price of property have increased like anything. 2. Location is the second most important factor which makes people buy property in Ghaziabad. Ghaziabad is located close to Noida as well as Delhi. Moreover available. 3. Advertisements and brand name did compel few to buy the property in Ghaziabad but still they were not so important factors. Indirapuram, the real upcoming area is its neighbour. Moreover Ghaziabads development took place years ago so it already has lots of facilities
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Number of People
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 More Space Increase in living status Job transfer Own house Better facilities Healthy environment Better Location Quality construction Lack of facilities proximity to workplace Investment Others
Reasons
FINDINGS:
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60 1. Though Ghaziabad respondents have rated Affordability as the major reason for buying the property in Ghaziabad but if we exclude affordability as a factor we find that location too was a very important factor as we can see in this chart. 71 out of 150 Respondents have marked location as a reason for buying the property i.e. around 50 % of the total respondents. 2. Just like in Noida, the desire to have an own house is a major reason to buy a property, in Ghaziabad too. This proves the reliability of the previous chart which shows that the major reason to buy a property in Ghaziabad is affordability. 3. Third most important reason for buying property in Ghaziabad is requirement of more space. 4. Same as Noida reasons like proximity to workplace and investment are almost insignificant.
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Sales managers were asked to rank the above mentioned factors on the scale of 1-10 (where 1 stands for the most important factor and 10 stands for the least important factor). After collecting the data, it was put in the excel sheet and then average for each of the factors was calculated. In the above Bar chart averages have been shown. Factor with the least average is the most important factor according to the developers, that people consider while purchasing the property.
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FINDINGS:
1. It is clear from the above bar chart that Location is the most important factor which people consider while purchasing the property. 2. After location, quality of construction and safety are second and third most important factors respectively. 3. Healthy environment, Water availability, Maintenance, Power Backup and club membership fall in the middle category with average ranking ranging between 3.5-7. 4. Car Parking and Sports complex are least important factors and according to developers, people dont consider them much while choosing a property.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
As Unitech enjoys good brand name and have a battalion of brand loyal customers it shall make sure that the maintenance of its occupied housing complexes is taking place in the best possible manner. Due to stiff competition in the market Unitech shall focus on the Quality of homes provided and shall also try its best to meet different kind of requirement of different buyers. Due to the current oversupply situation in the market Unitech shall resist from increasing price of its property. Unitech shall help and lure the prospective buyers by helping them in getting housing loans. It shall collaborate with some popular banks for this purpose. These days even banks are more than willing to provide home loans. Unitech shall provide the right amount of greenery in its housing complexes, as pollution free environment is a very important factor that people consider while purchasing the property. Gurgaon, Noida and Greater Noida are the places where Unitech shall come up with new projects as they have been marked favourably by the all respondents. Respondents do not have good image of Faridabad and Ghaziabad while Indirapuram is yet to prove its worth. Advertisement for selling property in Gurgaon can be Why drive for 45 minutes to your workplace everyday, take a flat in Gurgaon today. As proximity to workplace is the major reason for people buying flats in Gurgaon. Whereas for Noida and Greater Noida advertisement can be like Fed up of paying rent. Now realize your dream of having a house of your own-COME TO NOIDA as desire of having an own house is the most important reason for the people buying property in Noida.
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CONCLUSION
The major external factors which people consider while purchasing the property are Price, Availability of loan and Proximity to workplace. 1. The major In-Locality factors which people consider while purchasing the property are Quality of construction, Availability of water and Pollution-free environment 2. Perception of people about different cities of NCR Location wise Gurgaon and Noida are adjudged the best by the respondents Business opportunity wise Gurgaon due to the mass presence of BPO company and offices of MNCs and Noida due to its proximity to Delhi are consider good by the majority of respondents. In Quality of living again Gurgaon and Noida leads the pack but out of the two Gurgaon is better due to the existence of Higher and upper-middle class people in large number. In Law and Order all the places are bad as per the respondents but out of the five Gurgaon is the best. As far as infrastructural development is concerned Greater Noida enjoys good reputation among the respondents of all the three cities. 3. In totality, both Location as well as Affordability together account for more than 95 % of the total responses. 4. In Gurgaon major reasons other than affordability and location, to purchase the property were proximity to workplace and healthy environment. 5. In Noida and Ghaziabad other major reasons were almost the same -desire to own an own house as well as need for better facilities.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS & JOURNALS
Real Estate in India , JM PUJARI, Manav Publication, 2006
INTERNET LINKS
www.unitechgroup.com www.dlf-group.com www.ansalspropertiesltd.com www.eros-group.com www.eldecogroup.com www.omaxe.com www.parsvnath.com www.ashianahousing.com www.gurgaonproperties.net www.realestatencr.com www.gurgaonrealestate.com www.estatedeveloper.com
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APPENDICES
ANNEXURE- 1
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ANNEXURE- 2
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ANNEXURE -3
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