GSM PROTOCOLS

OSI : Open System Interconnection

Published in 1982 by the ISO for use in main frame environments. Developed for data communication. Provides procedures and mechanisms for main frame computers to communicate with other devices including terminals and modems. Divides data comm into 3 distinct functions: Processing, interfacing, comm. layers
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Communication is based on transfer of information

. Physical transfer of information is Transmission and not communication

Communication process:
. Man to man . Machine to Machine . Network to machine . Wide scope

Ravi : Hello, Ravi Speaking. Mother : Hello, Ravi, Mama here. Ravi : Mama, could I speak to Mary?

Establishment of communication Link. Exchange of Hello establishes the communication link. Authentication. Mother ensures that the right Person talks to her daughter.

Mother : Wait a moment, I will call her. Mary Ravi : Hello, Mary speaking. : Hello, I have made plans for your visit to India. : Thanks.

Common theme. The Communicating partners agree upon the common theme. 4

Mary

: Are your Hindi lessons continuing? Mary : No, I am not at ease with Hindi. So please speak in English only. Ravi : O.K. ( Ravi tells her the programme. ) Ravi Mary : Yes.

Common language. The communicating partners agree upon a common language. Dialogue synchronization. (Forward) Yes indicates a point in communication where a common understanding is reached and indicates willingness to proceed.

(There is some disturbance) Mary Ravi : Please repeat the dates, I did not hear you clearly. : . ( Ravi repeats. )..

Error Recovery. The messages lost due to errors are repeated. 5

Mary : Yes.. Ravi : Mary : Please slow down. Ravi : ( Ravi slows down ) Mary : I could not follow after visit to Agra. Ravi : ( Ravi repeats and continues ).. Ravi : Good bye, Mary.

Conversation is continuing Flow Control. The receiving end asks the sending end to slow down. Dialogue synchronization. (backward) At this point common understanding is lost. It results in going back to the last point of common understanding.

Dialogue Termination. Bye results in termination of the communication. Receivers are replaced, physical connection is released6

Communication entities
. Common Language . Common theme . Message . Processing . Orderly session . Transported over . Network and . Transmitted reliably . Error free over . Physical channel
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COMMON THEME
COMMON LANGUAGE

ORDERLY SESSION

COMMUNICATING ENTITY

COMMUNICATING ENTITY

MESSAGES

TRANSPORT SERVICES PROVIDER

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COMPUTERs USE PROTOCOLS TO COMMUNICATE

* IN THE EARLIER DAYS, COMPUTER MANUFECTURERS DEVELOPED THEIR OWN PROTOCOLS i.e. PROPRIETY NETWORKING STANDARDS * AS A RESULT WE HAVE MANY PROTOCOLS, NETWORKING STANDARDS, ARCHITECTURE APPLICCABLE TO SPECIFIC MAKE OF THE COMPUTERS.

*Consequence: * ISSUE OF COMPATIBILITY * LIMITATION ON LINKING COMPUTERS IN TO COMMON NETWORK * NEED IS THERE TO DEVELOP STANDARDS WHICH WHEN IMPLEMENTED SHALL MAKE IT OPEN FOR COMMUNICATION WITH ANY OTHER COMPUTER.

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*Consequence: * ISSUE OF COMPATIBILITY * LIMITATION ON LINKING COMPUTERS IN TO COMMON NETWORK * NEED IS THERE TO DEVELOP STANDARDS WHICH WHEN IMPLEMENTED SHALL MAKE IT OPEN FOR COMMUNICATION WITH ANY OTHER COMPUTER.

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GENERALIZED COMMUNICATION MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEM

* THE APPROACH ADOPTED FOR MEDELING IS PARTIONING OF THE SYSTEM INTO MEANINGFUL FUNCTIONAL PIECES. * THESE FUNCTIONS ARE HIERARCHICAL * AFTER IDENTIFYING THESE FUNCTIONAL PIECES, THEIR INTER-RELATIONSHIPS, INTERFACES, SERVICES AND FUNCTIONALITIES CAN BE DEFINED.

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* THE WHOLE TASK IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER TASKS. LAYERED STRUCTURE IS ENVISAGED. * EACH SMALLER TASK I.E. LAYER COMPRISES OF DIFFERENT FUNCTION AND IS DISTINCTLY IMPLEMENTED. * THERE IS HEIRARCHY OF FUNCTIONS I.E. TO CARRYOUT FUNCTIONS ASSI GNED TO A LAYER, IT REQUIRES SERVICES OF THE NEXT LOWER LAYER.

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* THE WHOLE TASK IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER TASKS. LAYERED STRUCTURE IS ENVISAGED. * EACH SMALLER TASK I.E. LAYER COMPRISES OF DIFFERENT FUNCTION AND IS DISTINCTLY IMPLEMENTED. * THERE IS HEIRARCHY OF FUNCTIONS I.E. TO CARRYOUT FUNCTIONS ASSI GNED TO A LAYER, IT REQUIRES SERVICES OF THE NEXT LOWER LAYER.

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ISO REFERENCE MODEL FOR OSI

OBJECTIVE : TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF HETROGENEOUS DTE & DCE * THE MODEL IS ONLY A FRAME -WORK MEANT TO BE IMPLEMENTED WITH STANDARDS DEVELOPED FOR EACH LAYER. * THE TERM OPEN SIGNIFIES THAT A SYSTEM CONFORMING TO THOSE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS WILL BE OPENED TO ALL OTHER SYSTEMS.
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* OSI MODEL DIVIDES THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS INTO SEVEN LAYERS. * LAYERING DIVIDES THE TOTAL COMM. PROBLEM INTO SMALLER FUNCTIONS. * THE LOWER 3 LAYERS PROVIDE TELECOM AND NETWORKING FUNCTIONS. * THE UPPER 3 LAYERS PROVIDES PROCESSING AND DIALOGUE FUNCTIONS.
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DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA PROTOCOL CONTROL INFORMATION (PCI)

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CONCEPT OF LAYERING
(N+) ENTITY

(N+) LAYER

(N) SERVICE ACCESS POINT PROTOCOL INTERFACE INTERFACE (N-1) SERVICE ACCESS POINT

(N) LAYER

(N) ENTITY

(N) LAYER

(N-1) ENTITY

(N-1) CONNECTION

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OSI (OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION)

APPLICATION 7 6 SESSION 5 4 NETWORK 3 2 PHYSICAL 1
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PRESENTATION

TRANSPORT

DATALINK

APPLICATION LAYER (7) PRESENTATION LAYER (6) SESSION LAYER (5) TRANSPORT LAYER (4) NETWORK LAYER (3) DATA LINK LAYER (2) PHYSICAL LAYER (1)

PROTOCOL PROTOCOL PROTOCOL PROTOCOL PROTOCOL PROTOCOL PROTOCOL

APPLICATION LAYER (7) PRESENTATION LAYER (6) SESSION LAYER (5) TRANSPORT LAYER (4) NETWORK LAYER (3) DATA LINK LAYER (2) PHYSICAL LAYER (1)

INTERCONNECTION MEDIA (0)

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END SYSTEM APPLICATION LAYER PRESENT LAYER SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER (1) ACCESS NODE NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER (2) ACCESS NODE NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER (1)

END SYSTEM APPLICATION LAYER

SUBNET WORK

PRESENT LAYER SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER

(1) NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOL (2) INTERCONNECTION SUBSYSTEM 21 PROTOCOL

X.25 PACKET SWITCHING

N= SWITCHING NODE

DTE (a) DCE N

N N N

N DCE N

DTE (b)

DCE

DTE (c) VIRTUAL CIRCUITS THROUGH A PSN

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END SYSTEM

END SYSTEM

MODEM

MODEM

PHYSICAL LAYER

PHYSICAL LAYER

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O/G FRAME Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical NH F

OSI LAYERS - ISDN & SS7

AH PH SH TH AP Data Data Unit Data Unit Data Unit Data Unit Data Unit (1 Field) Bits FCS F

I/C FRAME Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

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OSI REFERENCE MODEL

APPLICATION PRESENTATION SESSION TRANSPORT NETWORK DATA LINK PHYSICAL DTE NETWORK DATA LINK PHYSICAL DCE DCE

NAME OF UNIT EXCHANGE MESSAGE MESSAGE MESSAGE MESSAGE PACKET FRAME BITS

APPLICATION PRESENTATION SESSION TRANSPORT NETWORK DATA LINK PHYSICAL DTE

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FUNCTIONS OF OSI LAYERS

OSI (OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION)

APPLICATIONS
* Syntax of Data * syntex Conversation * Structure of Data SESSION * NW Service Def. * QoS * End - End Integrity NETWORK * Error Control * Flow Control * Link- Link Integrity

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

* Applications Interface * File Transfer, E- Mail * Data Base PRESENTATION * Applications Programs Session Control TRANSPORT * NW Operations & Inter 8 SW & Routing DATA LINK * Timing, Encoding * Electrical & 0ptical Interface 26

PHYSICAL

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TCP/IP & OSI LAYERS

APPLICATION APPLICATION PRESENTATION TCP / UDP

SESSION

IP

TRANSPORT DATA LINK

DATA LINK

PHYSICAL TCP / IP (DOD)

PHYSICAL OSI (ISO)

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ARCHITECTURE OF SS No.7
OSI Reference mode; model
Layer 7
Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

Call (Service) Process TC User

Layer Structure on SS No.7

Level 4

Transaction capability (TC)

Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

Message Transfer Part (MTP) No. 7 Common Channel Signaling

Level 3 Level 2 Level 1

: Common part to SS No. 7 (identification of signal unit, data error detection, signal routing by point codes, signaling network management) SCCP : Additional signl routing capabilities (provision of signaling connection, signal routing by logical number) ISUP : Call / circuit control for ISDN in addition to one for PSTN TC : Common part to each application for non-circuit related service control

MTP

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GSM PROTOCOLS
PROTOCOLS ARE DEFINED RULES AND PROCEDURES USED IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ENTITIES PROTOCOLS ARE USED BETWEEN MS, BTS, BSC, MSC/VLR, HLR/AUC, SMS, PSTN/ISDN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OSI AND GSM LAYERS AT MS: MOBILE STATION OSI Layers:
Layer 7: Application Layer

GSM Layers:
RIL3 : Call control Mgmt sub layer :Mobility Mgmt sub layer :Radio Resource sub layer LAP Dm: Link access Protocol Radio
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Layer 2: Data link Layer Layer 1: Physical Layer

Another MSC/VLR Anchor MSC Relay MSC/VLR HLR/ AuC Gateway MSC SMS PSTN/ ISDN

MS

Air (Um) Interface

BTS

BSC

A-bis Interface

A Interface

B Interface

C/ D Interface

A Call Control p Management (CCM) p Mobility l L Management (MM) I a c y Radio Resource ae Mgmt (RR) t r I O o S n I L Presentation Layer* a y Session Layer* e Transport Layer* r

RIL3-CC MAP/D RIL3-MM RIL3-RR DTAP BSSMAP MAP/E MAP/G Component Sub-layer ------------TCAP--------------Transaction Sub-layer TUP ISUP MAP/C

RSM Distribution Protocol

Network Layer Data Link Layer

LAP-Dm Physical Layer Radio

LAPD
64Kbps ch

SCCP MTP 3 MTP 2 MTP 1

SCCP MTP 3 MTP 2 MTP 1

SCCP MTP 3 MTP 2 MTP 1

SCCP MTP 3 MTP 2 MTP 1

MTP 3 MTP 2 MTP 1

LAP-Dm = Link Access Protocol for Dm Channel LAP-D = Link Access Protocol for D Channel MTP = Message Transfer Part SCCP = Signaling Connection Control Part TCAP = Transaction Capabilities Application Part MAP = Mobile Application Part * These standard ISO layers do not apply to GSM system

TUP = Telephone User Part ISUP = ISDN user part RSM = Radio Subsystem Mgmt DTAP = Direct Transfer Application Part BSSMAP = BSS Mgmt Application Part RIL3 = Radio Interface Layer 3

Signaling protocol of the GSM system

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GSM PROTOCOLS
SS7 Signalling Traffic Path

VLR D B F C HLR E A AUC

EIR

MSC

Other MSC

BTS BSC

MS

(PSTN) (BSS)

GSM : SS#7 Interfaces

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GSM PROTOCOLS
Um - radio interface between the mobile station and Base Transreceiver Station Abis - Between the BTS and MSC; it is to enable to connect a BSS of one manufacturer to a NSS of another manufacturer A - between BSC and MSC ; it is to enable to connect a BSS of one manufacturer to a NSS of another manufacturer
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GSM PROTOCOLS
Mobile Station CM MM RR /DTAP LAPD m Layer 1 Um
Um Interface

Base Station Transmitter

RR/DTAP LAPD m Layer 1

RSM

LAPD Layer 1

physical layer is defined by Radio Link Data Link layer is the LAPDm protocol adapted to high bit error rate

Protocol Stack between MS and BTS

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GSM PROTOCOLS
SUBSCRIBER TRAFFIC CHANNEL IS 13Kbps BETWEEN MS AND BTS NORMALLY OSI LAYER ARCHITECTURE ENABLES THAT EVERY IMMEDIATE LOWER LAYER PROVIDES SERVICE TO THE IMMEDIATE UPPER LAYER IN CASE OF LAYER 3 BETWEEN MS AND BTS , IT CAN DIRECTLY INTERACT WITH LAYER1 FOR CERTAIN FUNCTIONS LIKE ASSIGNMENT OF CHANNEL AND MEASUREMENT OF CHANNEL LEVEL LAYER 1 THUS SERVES BOTH LAYER2 AND LAYER 3 IN GSM BETWEEN MS AND BTS

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GSM PROTOCOLS
Radio resource management (layer 3)

Data Link Layer (layer2) To other functional units TCH

MH-Primitives

PH-Primitives

Physical Layer (layer 1 )

Interface with the physical layer

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GSM PROTOCOLS
LAYER 1 PHYSICAL LAYER
IT USES RADIO INTERFACE AS LAYER 1 PROTOCOL BETWEEN MS AND BTS FUNCTIONS AT THIS LAYER AT MS ( MOBILE STATION ) ARE
CODING OF BITS TO TRANSFER ON THE RADIO LINK DIGITAL SIGNALLING TO SYNCHRONISE RECEIVED BIT STREAMS CHANNEL CODING TO MULTIPLEX DATA AND SIGNAL CHANNELS ON THE RADIO PATH MODULATION AND DEMODULATION AND TDMA ACCESS SCHEME POWER CONTROL, LINK MONITORING AND DIVERSITY ADAPTED RATES ARE PROVIDED FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL CHANNELS

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GSM PROTOCOLS
LAYER 1 INTERFACES TO OTHER FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN THE MS AND IN THE NETWORK FOR SUPPORTING TRAFFIC CHANNELS SERVICE ACCESS POINT (SAP) OF A LAYER ARE DEFINED THROUGH WHICH SERVICES ARE OFFERED TO OTHER LAYERS SAPs BETWEEN LAYER1 AND LAYER2 ARE BCCH ( BORAD CAST CHANNEL ), PAGCH ( PAGING and ACCESS GRANT CHANNEL ), RACH ( RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL ), SDCCH ( STANDALONE DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNEL ) , SACCH ( STANDALONE ASSOCIATED CONTROL CHANNEL ) AND FACCH ( FREQUENCY ALLOCATION CONTROL CHANNEL )

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GSM PROTOCOLS
Abis Interface
physical interface is defined by a PCM / 2Mbps link data link layer is the LAPD protocol In a base trans-receiver station a voice channel has a rate of 13kbps, so 4 such channels are multiplexed to get 64 kbps in this interface to reduce transmission cost

Base Station Transmitter

Base Station Controller

DTAP
DTAP/BSSMAP

RR/DTAP LAPD m Layer 1

RSM(BSSAP)

RSM

LAPD Layer 1 Abis

LAPD Layer 1

SCCP Level3 M Level2 T Level1 P

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GSM PROTOCOLS
DATA LINK LAYER 2
AT MS DATA LINK LAYER OF MOBILE USES LAPDm PROTOCOL BETWEEN MS AND BTS AND LAPD BETWEEN BETWEEN BTS AND BSC THIS LINK PROVIDE CONNECTIONS FOR THE EXCHANGE OF SIGNALLING BETWEEN DIFFERENT ENTITIES LAPDm USES A SYNCHRONISED TRANSACTION AND REDUCES OVERHEADS AND INCREASES SPEED OF OPERATION LAPDm ESTABLISHES AND RELEASES SIGNALLING LAYER 2 CONNECTIONS WITH THE ALLOCATION / RELEASE OF DEIDCATED RADIO CHANNELS

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GSM PROTOCOLS
DETECTION AND CORRECTION OF ERRORS DUE TO LOSS, DUPLICATION AND INCORRECT SEQUENCE OF RECEIPT OF INFORMATION USES CRC CHECK FLOW CONTROL LAPDm USES BOTH ACKNLOLEDGED AND UN-ACKNOWLEDGED OPERATION DELIMITATION OF FRAME IS DONE AT PHYSICAL LAYER AND NOT AT LAYER 2 AS IN OSI LAPD USED ON THE A-bis INTERFACE IS NOT USING ADDRESS AND CONTROL FIELDS LAPD USES UNACKNOWLEDGED OPERATION BETWEEN BTS AND BSC INTERNALLY

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GSM PROTOCOLS

GSM Interfaces: Abis

Abis Link Transmission Options include Microwave HDSL ISDN Fibre

Abis Links

BTS

BSC

Transmission of traffic channels at 16Kbits Plus LAPD messaging

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GSM PROTOCOLS
GSM Signalling and SS#7
VLR/HLR MSC

PSTN/ISDN

MSC/MS

MSC/BSC

MAP
TUP, ISUP

DTAP

BSSAP SCCP

TCAP

MTP

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GSM PROTOCOLS
ISUP - used at the interface between ISDN and GSM MSC for call management TUP - used at the interface between PSTN and GSM MSC for call management MAP - it is a family of protocols
each |MAP/x protocol corresponds to one of the defined interfaces used within the network subsystem, between the different entities like \MSC, \VLR, \HLR, etc., uses TCAP

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GSM PROTOCOLS
MAP to MAP Interfaces
B - between MSC and VLR C - between GMSC and HLR D - between VLR and HLR E - between MSC and MSC F - between MSC and EIR G - between VLR and VLR H - between MSC and SMS ( included in E) between VLR(MS) and HLR ( included in D)

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GSM PROTOCOLS
BSSMAP MAP/F MSC MAP/B BSS VLR MAP/I MAP/D EIR

HLR
MAP/C MAP: Mobile Application Part MAP/E BSS : BSS Management Part RIL3 : Radio Interface Layer 3 MAP/G MAP/C GMSC VLR MAP/B MAP/H GMSC Gateway

MSC

MAP protocol connections

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GSM PROTOCOLS
A Interface
physical layer is defined by a |PCM link at 2Mbps data link layer is part of CCS#7 protocol uses BSSMAP protocol

Base Station Controller

Mobile Switching Centre CM MM

MAP

RR(DTAP) RSM

DTAP/BSSMAP

SCCP Level3 M Level2 T Level1 P A LAPD Layer 1

BSSMAP/ DTAP

ISUP
TCAP

SCCP MTP
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GSM PROTOCOLS
Mobile Switching Centre CM MM
BSSMAP/ DTAP

Home Location Register MAP Authentication Centre Intelligent Peripheral + SMS Service Centre

MAP

ISUP
TCAP

TCAP SCCP MTP C

Proprietary Interfaces

SCCP MTP

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GSM PROTOCOLS
Equipment Identification Register MAP TCAP SCCP MTP F Mobile Switching Centre CM MM
BSSMAP/ DTAP

Visitor Location Register MAP

MAP

ISUP
TCAP

TCAP SCCP MTP B

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SCCP MTP

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GSM PROTOCOLS
LAYER 3
AFTER LAYER 2 IT IS APPLICATION LAYER BETWEEN MS AND BSC FROM BSC ONWARDS THE NETWORK PROTOCOL STARTS WITH CCS# 7 SIGNALLING AND USES MTP3 AS NETWORK LAYER TO PROVIDE END-TO-END CONNECTIVITY AND CONNECTIONLESS SERVICES POSSIBLE BETWEEN BSC AND MSC USE OF SCCP OVER MTP3 IS DONE SCCP LAYER IS TO ACCESS SIMULTANEOUSLY MANY APPLICATIONS USING THE SAME MTP LAYERS AND PROVIDE ENHANCED ADDRESSING CAPABLITIES USING GLOBAL TITLE TRANSLATION(GTT), POINT CODE (PC) AND SUB-SYSTEM NUMBER (SSN)
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GSM PROTOCOLS
APPLICATION LAYER
APPLICATION LAYER USED BETWEEN PSTN/ISDN AND GSM ( GMSC) MAY BE TUP OR ISUP FOR CIRCUIT RELATED CONNECTION AND INAP FOR IN APPLICATIONS APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOL USED BETWEEN MSC , VLR , HLR AND AUC ARE KNOWN AS MOBILE APPLICATION PART (MAP) AND IS SPECIFIC TO MOBILE APPLICATIONS MAP IS AN APPLICATION WHICH REQUIRES TRANSACTION CAPABILITIES APPLICATION PART (TCAP) TO BE USED TO PROVIDE CONNECTIONLESS END-TO-END COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE MAP USERS TCAP IS A LAYER PROVIDING SERVICE TO MAP LAYER AND IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SUB-LAYERS

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GSM PROTOCOLS
MOBILE SPECIFIC APPLICATION LAYER
THIS LAYER CONSISTS OF THREE SUB-LAYERS KNOWN AS RADIO RESOURCES MGMT(RR), MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (MM) AND CONNECTION MANAGEMENT (CM) OUT OF THESE THREE SUB-LAYERS, RR IS ONLY BETWEEN MS AND BTS FOR RADIO CHANNEL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PURPOSE THE OTHER TWO UPPER SUB-LAYERS ARE BETWEEN MS AND MSC/VLR

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GSM PROTOCOLS
TO PROVIDE A THROUGH CONNECTIVITY OF INFORMATION REGARDING RADIO RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THAT HAS TO TAKE PLACE BETWEEN MS AND BTS, TWO DIFFERENT APPLICATION LAYERS ARE USED BETWEEN BTS AND BSC AND BETWEEN BSC AND MSC/VLR RADIO SUBSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ( RSM ) IS USED BY BTS BETWEEN BTS AND BSC AGAINST RR FROM MS BSS MANAGEMENT PART (BSSMAP) IS USED BETWEEN BSC AND MSC/VLR THE THREE SUB-LAYERS ARE CONCERNED WITH RADIO INTERFACE AND ABOVE LAYER2 , ALSO KNOWN AS RADIO INTERFACE LAYER3 (RIL3)

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GSM PROTOCOLS
FUNCTIONS OF RR LAYER
ESTABLISHING, MAINTAINING, MODIFYING AND RELEASING OF COMMUNICATIONS ON THE RADIO INTERFACE ALLOWING BSC TO CONTROL MS ACTIONS LIKE CHANNEL ALLOCATION, CHANNEL RELEASE AND HANDOVER CONTROL OF MANY BTSs BY ONE BSC EXCHANGE OF NECESSARY DATA INTERCHANGE BETWEEN BSC AND MSC FOR SETTINGUP, CONTROLLING AND RELEASING OF AINTERFACE CONNECTIONS
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH A RR CONNECTION BETWEEN MS AND THE NETWORK INITIATION BY MM SUB-LAYER OF MS INITIATION BY THE NETWORK USING PAGING BROADCAST PROCEDURE
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DURING CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT

GSM PROTOCOLS
DURING CONNECTED PHASE
MS LEVEL MEASUREMENT REPORT INTRA AND INTER -CELL HAND-OVER FREQUENCY RE-DEFINITION TRANSMISSION MODE CHANGE CIPHERING MODE SETTING ADDITIONAL CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT PARTIAL CHANNEL RELEASE

DURING RELEASE STAGE

DEACTIVATION OF DEDICATED CHANNEL BEING USED FOR TRAFFIC AS WELL AS SIGNALLING ( TCH & SDCCH) THIS PROCESS MAKES USE OF RR, BSSMAP AND DTAP MESSAGES

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GSM PROTOCOLS
MM ( MOBILITY MANAGEMENT ) SUB-LAYER
THIS SUB-LAYER PROVIDES SERVICE TO THE UPPER SUBLAYER KNOWN AS CM LAYER Manages - the subscriber data bases authentication activities Equipments concerned
SIM card inside the MS HLR MSC and VLR

Protocols
between HLR and MSC/VLR - part of MAP protocol of SS7 between MSC/VLR and Mobile station - RIL3 - MM - it uses the MSC/MS signalling connection provided by the RR - layer

LOCATION, REGISTRATION AND SECURITY FUNCTIONS OF THE MOBILE STATION

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GSM PROTOCOLS
MM COMMON PROCEDURE
TMSI ALLOCATED BY NETWORK AND SENT IN A CIPHERED MODE TO MS AUTHENTICATION PROCEDURE IS PART OF MM , ENSURES VERY HIGH LEVEL CONFIDENTIALITY AND AVOIDS FRAUDLENT USE OF MS IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE IS DONE BY NETWORK TO REQUEST THE MS TO PROVIDE SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION PARAMETERS ( IMSI OR IMEI ) TO THE NETWORK

MM SPECIFIC PROCEDURE
NORMAL LOCATION UPDATING PROCEDURE IS DONE WHEN MS SELECTS A NEW CELL ON OTHER AREA THAN ITS REGISTERED ONE BASED ON THE POWER LEVEL

PERIODIC UPDATING PROCEDURE PERFORMED AT REGULAR INTERVALS TO ENSURE CONSISTENCY AND UPDATE INCASE OF FAILURE
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GSM PROTOCOLS
IMSI ATTACH/DETACH PROCEDURE
IMSI ATTACH IS PERFORMED AT SWITCH-ON TIME AND THE OTHER AT SWITCH-OFF TIME OF MS

MM CONNECTION MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

TO ESTABLISH, MAINTAIN AND RELEASE MM CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE MS AND THE NETWORK AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF MM CONNECTION, CM CAN SEND ITS MESSAGES TO MS OR TO NETWORK

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GSM PROTOCOLS
CM ( CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ) OR CC ( CALL CONTROL ) SUB-LAYER
setting up calls between users, maintaining and release them
Call Control Supplementary Services Management (SSM) Point to Point Short Message Services ( SMS-PP)

INCLUDES ALL MESSAGES REQUIRED FOR CALL ESTABLISHMENT, RELEASE, CALL INFORMATION MOBILE ORIGINATING AND TERMINATING CALL ESTABLISHMENT SIGNALLING PROCEDURE DURING ACTIVE PHASE OF THE CALL FOR CHARGING INFORMATION, SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES, ETC., IN BAND-TONES , ANNOUNCEMENTS , STATUS INQUIRY PROCEDURES ETC.,
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GSM PROTOCOLS
BSS APPLICATION PART (BSSAP)
BSSAP CONTAINS DIRECT TRANSFER APPLICATION PART(DTAP) AND BSS MOBILE APPLICATION PART (BSSMAP) DTAP IS FOR TRANSMITTING MESSAGES BETWEEN MS AND MSC DIRECTLY BSSMAP CONTROLS RR WITH INFORMATION FROM MSC FOR ASSIGNMENT , CALL SETUP AND HANDOVER BSSMAP USES BOTH CONNECTIONLESS AND CONNECTIONORIENTED SERVICES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DTAP AND BSSMAP IS IN THE USE OF DATA LINK CONNECTION IDENTIFICATION (DLCI ) THAT IS BEING USED BY DTAP TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CONNECTION OVER THE RADIO INTERFACE.

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GSM PROTOCOLS
MOBILE APPLICATION PART (MAP)
USES TCAP AND SCCP FOR CONNECTIONLESS SERVICES IT IS DESIGNED TO INTERACT WITH MSC, VLR, HLR, AUC, GMSC WITHIN PLMN MAP HAS GOT VARIOUS INTERFACES WITH OTHER ENTITIES MAP USED FOR MM LIKE LOCATION UPDATION, UPDATE LOCATION AREA, LOCATION CANCELLATION , DEREGISTRATION OF MS AND IDENTIFICATION SERVICE MAP FOR BASIC SERVICES ARE RETRIEVAL OF SUBSCRIBER DATA DURING CALL SETUP, PAGING AND SEARCHING, ACCESS MANAGEMENT , ETC.,

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GSM PROTOCOLS

Application Layer Session Layer Transaction Layer Security Layer Transport Layer

Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)

WAP PROTOCOL STACK

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GSM PROTOCOLS
WML embedded in HTML WML Over WAP

Web Server

Internet or Other IP Networks

Web Proxy

Mobile Network

WAP Implementation for WAE

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THANK YOU

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