CONT'ENTS,

INTROD'UCTION TECI-INIQUES
ACETATE MASKING" ANGLED SPRA¥ING • BASiC IEXEIRGISES BMW FORMS,. CARD MASK.! NG. CAST SHAllOWS CHROME EFFECTS" CORRECllON n.CHNIlQUES . OGT CONT80 l .. DOT H IGHll GHiTS • DROP SHADOWS ERASURE ... FABRlG MASK!N~ .. FILM MA:SK~NG " flAT TONE N D OBJ;ECT MAS KING·· FHE(HAN D SP RAY~N:G• (] NG . GIR:AOATED TONE .. HALOING" HIGH'LlGHTING' KNOCKHNG BACiK .lfIlERING TltCHNIQUES • LINE CONTROL LlNING~IN " UGlUI[) MASK~NG • LOOSE MAS1KJN,G OVERSPRAYI~G • RUUNG., SCRATCHING BACK .. SPATTERING SlAHBLJ FISTS .. SlE~C ItS .. TAPE MASKIiNG • TEM PlAtTiES TOR N P~FE.R MASK]NG .. THA"N'qPAREN CY • \(IIG Nml ~G WINDOW 'HH3HUGI-!TS,
.

PART ONE

rou

uosn

THEMES
TRANSPORT'" 9f.{ IrN DtJSHli Al iJESI8 N AND ENGINEERING" '114 FOOD ANI) DRINK • 124 ABC H IT ECTUHE. " 1132 II U'MAN AND A~ I.MAL ,,'138. AOV ERTI Sl:NG , 154, CONGEPTUA L " '164 INIJEX -172 CIAEDnS 1.76
!II

p,~RTnyp

Jr rs; ,r.;/L1], SO !:L'NG >itG0,lbra~ 'I;U';II,t'JiW 0n~f[t~Tt;lSll~tn,&~I"L? pi:amir:;:lUy "l!IH,)btaimild;.e" sim.pty th~l::ausepublisllen.' did t'drl1 H, ink th:el'~ was, '(I1l·~df:quate'il;emanrd. Ht)i1;\"e'I.:<eT~ the C0Jll'inl:n,.d omcl i[H:,'T~~$iHItneed i.orhigNy firdS'f:t.cd, inIJ51'[~liun); In evefyarea of graphic" detiijgtl ha$

IIIIIIJDI{)Uj~l:l,t.a'fl
e.n,m~[C!':1

;ilw.a I.'.t'Fl!eSS

of, a'irbrnlJh.Lqg

to

a, w~d~r a udl-

(hClUMl\J. the tC5thJji~'UESo ttu~ms:e.[¥e,~ n1il;Y :i7ifil1' :-r1':...u:ilarl\(;' Using s'tep':by·swp'd,i;!tiI'oNst:rati,ons

:,mf~~ii£lJ:}al, Ulus:t:rat'oi.'i, this I::mM.ilk ,auTI.s ~m~.b.h~~Vl;~d. ;t\:~'8:k~JlSj'ml:pI6v~ oi'rid 'G\Z¥c]0ptlib,1-5ira.to.r Intro.dJiitc.,e' new ,a.ppr:Wa:c:f1C8, 10 ]~,i5 {ilif' h~rw~Ik, :~1!fhh:;h 'Cltl:Ier[ rl'lay~,Eind 1It11a:cGep'~ilb'1~fill' ini~~lp][t~priOlj;e~, bui'°tQ the!]Ju:sl nlj;or ustrl~ th~l'I1. Lbl:'y tU<l¥ bftGome aninrnk'lpL:'hS'al)l e' Il'i..~ch" ni<i ue h:1 aU fu! n(~ work. Bt'Gau~e of t'hicsi!an.d' l~C0a!u;:,\! nu·~,'c o'J.CrcilWl;" which mus,t bf; 'aidhered' to, .I1a !;ingle ~~ onaff.bf 19'~eC'.h~i!qye~~afle¥er be a;efin]:tiy·c-. The rrHlljplID}1 o,f th€ re!1tiJt:r.1i :of.tb.~,sb00E. .I hope, ',ym :s.ta:u tiV ~ LJ.I::iyA~lg U't(' pr'~)£!t~sr.o~ e~am]1)les'fep£OGuG:ed
0-'

Itt nUl
'j

11'~

gn1 M3

·i'4h~~tI.: ~y colleagues and h<ld ti][~~ at t~ik~ t:.:lii.ercisesm rl1'llsbe<d artwo1'1~ $:t(J gf' ,. 'ill7ou~'dCll[OUla,ge me to render th~"~et~illilh~ iI.h atIbnlS'b, VVtnsof Blue or 1\\l'ync~~GrOJY
@jil

wlnr-,

i111d an old

fo@t~PMmp.wtt{(h

i:!

Il:'s!i'rv·oir

t~@S' deKigncd for use w~itb an airbrush, No~. only t1~1S'rJ\"Velopm,y sldn~ ln using a 11~ tool, but it also &{li~IShl' rn~'pall~~rKCl -i1 look fl. good twq or thr~t· ;lIduut~~ l~~m"p' p the tanl(' to the required pw~s.ttrt' to u d'J";Jcd 11'Je'tl ~ll',1yfo·r ahout 30 seconds ibefore haviII~ to ~8't~TI Pt'~ ~ mplr:~g 'i:1;g.1Jti..l. All nus (Iller siQ)\"i'lr a:rl~~c-<!feruily ·u~!ltlngm,~]l. m;:;tiik~ an .~lh\rC)d;; d[aw'n 00 p'ape.Twbk'h WitS'oflrn th inner thiIlTlit.hJ~ rij]n. (l'hfs e.'Xpl~i;rls why £,w rr~ll~.~1wrsrks }JilV'C sHip/Wed - the malority jrLls:t feU .QfP<Lll:

Ilke jigsaws.)

l."f!Jl.ltierha:n~66k t at Ute 'S:tep~by.-nep demon· . fit.~LY\Vhi.le it isun.cieniable thatthe demonra! L(F1G~~.av~ Jayed a pa:l't i IT the tli:oi ee .of 'tecfif'l:i,tllJ 6:; p Hi' no the ~'l"~I1Slh nf the aifbru~hing.

.,rh~ ndls]l~d exa mpk~ hf.lvr: b~c.l:r~i~let1ledpti.mat~ Regardless 'ot the ra(llhal m.OSL of n1e i,UIilSt~'il'ti:!;:)l1S repwduced here were r.. t <J. ~pt::cHkp.u['P[):'j,(:~and. wonld th.~ref!j)r:e be ,'l~eWlin a

mntr.tl,

In their QVy'I.I right - SIITdr:l istl1.e st.!lioldard being i.u:hieved, to daly, Jvty l,ntmdructioil1 to tile 'Q:]Ibrnslll ~iI,i'a$ by.·prO duct of a \1ri 1Il'l>e t:1:':!~O(y: orperspect1:we .~u1!~I sl1adcn ...... s, were 'bon') Uibi'.t;t~~ l ~lttsdnat:l.ngand d.tlver:I'H~d .110;[ g .oJ them, 'rl]~'S:
UlutlWitWm,

rn'imy d.G standas

TECHNIQUES
[~IF. i'!l'~LJCJ\T~O~ ,t}\!l! US~; of the ai rbrush as a means of ~t'llde.l'lng natural, mar 1-ma de! an d. fantasy or science f.ICtion subfre,cts has incrt'<1.8eu enorrnously over the past three decades. Illustrators have frmnd this tool JJ.l ~liIv111uabJ~ <lid~~th~[ for rendering a complete tllush:iltiml or ~n ~imit~dappHrnltion to enhance detail, texlut~'! form, Of cernrast 0111. illustration which has. been an prinrrarHyhand-painted. Because. of the mCH'C' widespread use ot the airbrush. vHr!ifJUStechn]qm:5 h{'Jrv.f:" developed to arrive at theq~[ic~i;'~t ;mJ n'lO~t t'ff~cHve means of achieving desired ~ff~d~. MtlII}' Dr fhl!"'s.t' tech n lqUC~ are peculiar to the .l1rh~u~hnd are the result of ITlUCh. expenrnentanon a by indi\11d~illm ustrators based on both Ute advantage s and limH<lth'lns of the airbrmh.\<\"hen the atrbrush is in J:Or1~ l use, it will soon he apparent that there ale [:m Ietl111 it.!!JtS.ether Ih .. n tlmse descrihed and tuustrared hi:'re.nk~Y wurl be dlscoverc .. erIdentitled d -throughe parLjeutar need and Olay well become essenttal to the ill~1Str.I~orwh(jcharH::ciS upon them, In this. book, the .rltT[lOs.'C h to' describe those techniqueswhtch have a ~(Jd~r,and mmc genel'lll application in mu~t[.ativewQrk, h~ il cnifltwe ("j r tcchnieally based. Airbruiihing l~ an acquired skil], It requlres practice, pW~i\fHLCl'iJ careful planning, expedment, anc, to produce ~uCQl'!~r'nJlwork, <In understnnding and awareness of crilm,Ught!tone, and contrast. In (l,dditlonan ability to !ltil:W is 'essen tial,

PA:FtT OiNE

--

ACETATE MASKING

-----_

Acetate is <I mmplet~ly V~f!::;v,lrent, plillltlc !Ilatl!'dal al,:'a~ labl:~ i,n sllc~l Ql' H1H fOIm 'IW.! in a I'!!HTiber of eli nelel~JJ: hicknesses, t
U is tL,sel'uil ll'l a!:rbms.h.lng as a ~l,lb-sH ~uLe {,oj" Q.nd CO!H~)~o::ml.',llt ta,s~~f,atl h~·.~W~ fl'l<l~,ki!'lg film, J:!~~u..~~ it l~,(:t.,~<Idh~siY~,acetate

wil] ,~~l()w resldnal m~or 10 C,l1~roO!~h underneath, creating a $.Oh-e(lgeCi ,effect ~vhich. can be u~(_'lIte advill'ltage, l:f thh !~1'I(l1~
wanted, ewnUy
C8.[e mus L 1)1;!' ~~l«;! 1<J I

ensure fhat t'fw m ~5~ 1Sh"ld

~,I'Utl Ua~ly a~a!ru;t

11 5 ...... ~.;:epiflg curves have t::il8f) cut into <1 p sea ::rf acmats. Thls has t~[';~1 Ia'd fl~.t Of) th1'l 1111 JA'1'8tlon [:0.;i'>:i A,1c:1~..()k'lr :\'.(lr.'l~'AM Alr:ng t&e r.ur"it;(:'

the art-

edge.

WQ~.k to provide ~ r.~lln edge to the ~pl'ay:ed area,

1'Iile CL!l O~ I:m:!\ken ed,g~ 9f .~ pie~1lof aeetate canbe used tf.)

furm .~loose l.n;l~k. or a wl'l.o1.e ~h~l"Ie GUI be cut out of the l'Wa1'~
fj.~.1ronespow:lJ-tng W <I parUc~il.11 r

3 1Il:o sarne ~nB$K is l!~, but "stead :)f l&av,f](;; all of it fm or

Il'iut o.~the ·arn'i'(lrk.. [l:l>C.'li.l'~~ acetate li!:.llk~ ~n~~h~ll:lmIll. t;~mpl~tE~y trnn~p:'l~~nt·,the mask cau be <L(;CLi[~tcly pU5<ltl,oned ~n re.laliorl ii'l1~g:j.'. Whl't! ¥'N~t1i' 15rut, -€'~pe' Q~ Ily f(Jr u m~~kwhI(;h hils sharp, h~~i:I.,(!dg~1 ro'TTif'r~, it C~l1 he P!:U~li'; t~ ~il~ntUn!!. Jth[)LJ/~f1 II A :'lpll,t m:!l!y appf-.r~!" in~ig!1,lfi.(;~l'1r On U)~: ~.~t~.~,!,; m~5,[::., it .~~. smprisjIJJi(

artwcrk, 011'18n;;] hilS hE'lAf,Jift;:¥.:! wr !:=i, ~nrarinq.

troF.

to p~~vlo!,J.~ly sprayed

<!r~oi!!~ lll~ of

h()w .~ sma II ~:momH O~sp~[lY'ed patnr piming thwugh b wHI h0

~uHldeHt to ~hu,w I,JI~ un lh~
art'Nmk".

:11 'Wh8'~ tM ~cE;tatE! ~~."1C'Wi30 a'.v.'J~' ! from [hOi ~rra"'8:11iH'fl~,,It can ~ SBBn trat the cut'>·F.!-,.~ acc:ura':aly rBpeatsd by' t~.: spra','lnf1. 1'1E'1 AdijA qu;,lifi,' is ,~Iiilhtly .,~ f,d~rthe~ vXlul:::l b;; tP., C;'l~A If n;'lf';k ~91'rn ;'1.;:10. i'll¥;(! ~I:%d.

4 The l'CII1Q1JW of toe l'flOct<: $110~'~~ YI,;It \'"/~ere 1I1e OlWUt:~ "'i:il~ IEliIJ1IIl!., J I~ ~urbl~'~u u:Jlut' :<i5 a 'iir'nEidge, OJ l wli~·e l \'lias li't~d, t"Oi color ':,_des (J'f and blerds lnto thl;! W1 HH' the board This Is a us-;;fLJIt~:,:r·~lqll~. wh~f) bon h,~rd <'Ina R:1ft ArlgAS <':~ , r1'l['julr~c: <'Ifth::l '!':wni'l time .

--------

~--

-_

'rbJsI:~[ml~ ~d [0 d,es.cribl' tln.li' teC!Jni'q\1eof hll],nd!ng colers i.ntu a'£h crthe,r, wii'lw~t ha,vlng a liar.d.or dearly (l1~fi edge ned lm'i\l\;lU].th'1.TIi. U i> ~Ehl~,ed by lherli~!;m\~ tl'l~ fj'II'Il:rlJsli,lt; held lW~ ~lmlll the mtwmk. ,md the

iI:Il~lcwt whirll the' ;ili-bwish I~ Irr ItlJtiOI1l 'to tnt" ~rm'n,k smf<llce. Thll t~hflICJiIllf. may bl;: w;~'tI in ool1jwm:ti(JrL wim the secnon M,
(:i1l~M'It[HO~'l'_

'Wide-band Blending 1 ~ is rF.qLJIrl!id to blend lWQ coors togetha" WIIhQ;Jt an Old,ge ~lw~'Sn the t'l'.'Ob~inr1 !'ilm~·n. After tlnl uver;;Ill orca f·or t~ C:OI1"K ork has been w mooked off, ttte frr~t c;otnr is sp~'e<j lrurn jop ID bottom, holrlinrl the airtJru:"tl I;!il QI);Jrlg"c of W tn tha art"",uk to l;1~le i,J, ~)Jly sort and (lAntIA gradatiun.

Thi~.hntc~raph deruur r

heiohl :'lnc:i angl('l of ttle orirul ush in reletion tl'l 'rhA artwork ,83 the IIP,,1 cotcr grad..'1tK'ln IR applied.

1:;;lrO(O;:$ t

W5

il;) .

Ole. r
,.tteo[ -,,·.qll!ll
,Sir?

I
I I

2 Tho second calnr I~ now sprayed blt ~tl'3 same angle ,~.~. 1'hfi flfl;t, allowing 'L!r<:! yradation to Q'l,~lap :'!r,rj merge wilt'l UI~ first 00101',

In DJ::p~ling thA SAr:nnd color, the ti!l~\!Or'I~ hQ5 bee!"! turnoo 11lcP so that It Ie t:oIQr' can again be Sf)li'!Vf¥.1 fmrn tr',e top !J11M board. allowing
gl1'.,ater L'Olllr!.ll.

1!

u.s~ng Cardboard In .An.ogled: Spraying In t":..yi'h {:if 'lhFl f\:),hV.'it)~ FlX~ "I'IfllA.S,
ll'1fe!\;nce. C8ir'l also

Halmlw·b.andl B,lomdllng 1 ;1"1 'thi~ examr.la ;0, ni'l nt)~ baFlrl m h 6MAd c:cic" i~,(le,.'nClnStrS.tOO. I,t t'lc"l"; ~r ,;,rlAth", grOidOlitor ffOm GO!Gr to 1~E'; whh .. of ihe bCl.3rtl b" more sud~n

be

rn8ido'l to

h~lng :".-.)ray",rl fl'O'YI f"e iOP ~\,it,~ 1't'$ ."IimnJ:"!" I'"~d at s sl\oJ~o\·.' ~()~ to the surface, e
k<;

ThA firm onlnr

1 I n 1I1i~ ~~~I~If-*~ J!~ t;1:!.~~b.i<:lru'3 tn~l~ ~1;g"lIy I>wl:\yl'or"1 the ::;,rhvor~ ann ih~ ::oirhnJ~h is at an ;qnnlf't ;'If r() 'Ihi'l I';i Jj'hf..oil. !hi;!; will !'li'.'I7t cfOlir,'.' lim''', hili' mH r;.4fJ'" (It) :';(~'f'\rl",fioh,

2 The second cob i~.w;;.P!iW as in ${ogo 1. 11"10 b):'l)I'$;l re8ull a! .~.)V,,~ ~ c!eElJe' iJefinilll;;n ~ lwti<:r I folie ~\'iQ wlmr II'.<lJ I in !t re wide-ba~d dernonstratk .. m

n r.:; arlWUf!~ t II,!~~ef1 turned 18(]" lor f' ~e~pF8yirlg 0"1h;: second cc1o', witt, hi;: airbrum ;:-)~~ 1'..:10 at thfl
Sal'18 a

~.qR

!'IS I~

,o:;tf'lflJ'l1 .

2 In 1r.1$ phO:lOQI'Opl"l lI'o; OOi!iJtc..;)J,j i~ ltliJl:lil1U~~~ t1~ a I"lla~k, but t;'le a'igle 01 tile airbrush h83 been r:rol.qht d()Y,'rl tow:<Ir(';j th~ '~()'I~(W;, ,.'!hl(';h will .Q've <l I"I"! iCh 5Qt:er e(Jg~ <'Inc!g~ntler Cdbr Ol'admion,

I~

-~
,

------_

'.I;II~ ~prqlOlmhon ot any Wp~

~l't:w>Olk or tmlntiL~~grequires

(I,t

mnl1llllttated [!l'llctlce.lInd

patlefl5e, 'T1l'jl~-~pen l here wUJ

PlY dl"'~[L€,llJl:iS bllP.r ~!ndi [)rfl.V{lilt
~ ~iJLHlll[J;l~ MduH!l~\,'l;!~~~.t)i

mil!mke~ from b~'ng tn.cn'rpor~.w.cl llll'i!-rlfllliL1ed. ~!'tworJo:~h..: ilidJilll~h T

II ndt ~ dif,f[(ul'l roo:lW rise, but a;l wj~h~nQthie[~,Vi'h~t Ir can and ~~rlJml ltl ~J~~d~ fu(~llwJ~'f' I ttl ttpDd!and fh~re LS no better w~y than p~3dlre, l'!LlliVlll.gsatd that,

'l)J$'~C'li"n ~b~u,ld not be seen.

'111~tD.tt[l'J'l teemshe other t~h. ! nfg![-e~ ~~rdbed 'in thi~ book, ~ l'orthl,l v~hLner, Iteanbe dLffiniln:'11 rirsl to olnatu I~ll .[ootmE Cit the :flow M r~lnt .'i (tcl J)r ~li'l*__gtlu)~~irbrt!;;;ll-~.nwuth iliCt.inll"n~M~ftifig .ma 5~Opr~n_g ~LL'>~111Jliy, Cm~lJri~] fn~~hilw:l fm .WilI!):, ~:nl'l ~r'!hn' fir ,1 n ~~I~ r ~pn.'\!'!J·{lr oo1u[,.~\J~nl'\'hen m,a®k~

~'illDf'1l5e<;i to define sp~c~n,~ ~hllpfli.. IT.! m:lflltlnl'li the ~Wlg~ll' ~ruthJJagU~!;.)~ ~~thl"l_l~bcl!.lirin:.l tb;;: ~pl';1,th'l~L~rt lil.e fLna I.resuh, ~ llli~i0'U,W~~ts~s C-lIIl t~ke 1I1n' :f:C1rm wnt&n-IlE\l.p~ w dev.;:lop lh~
onls!:':!~!!1.dEf:'t~.l'Id'lng ()f~h~ tlt:"lClI,'~

- ---_ -

-----

(i!p,'lQ[U~,te~<

•
1M ~tl'i;l~l 1'11$ D\':jew COV~f€(,l wiLl! (jill~r~r It L~(Jllnique~ and afJplK;a~v'~ vi 1I1~airur .JSh, All have :J~fI (;u'npleted primaMly without uss of InElsks :;II ""Vi kind, This typg of ·tlcodl::c-stl~t" is ("d!:O~ 1Iln! tJracti()~, wtlic.", enabl~~. tr~ asoiMng alrbt1.Js)". illLJsll'1l!tor to d~'/AI::lp !';klll .'Inri e:(':n~dAn~F.'in lI~iflg th", a:'brush $1M also In Imrlars't$.rtjing ,he limit.'l.tof"J5 0: 'he too,

BASTCFOIMS
11~~~ ~,{~Tei.~S, C(Wt"f fnll.rb~~I,c ~ll<l",~~: <! '~ub~, ~1'liw.h;r,~phl;'.r~ (lI'Hie ("f1ru.~_

'Th~y ~fI'~e!'lPTtit'd'!~

iJrj:n~ij]l~.~!I:.oomdti.t:: sha pes wl Lid ~

me lfike!y to be ~llJc'(;mnetec1 &n

<'I,!.r1~MHhl.n!l m'l'lncred.l:t}le vllr1.e1v ufmtJ'i~ct~,whdhcr t<lkt.:H .lH!ili,-" viduilHy. in gWUp5 or, a 5 j5 TMrt' m:e!y, pam t"rom,eO'lJc:I'l~[J 'In", ~,,;u:nblinaUo.rL Il specHic and detatled areas ln a large number of the Hl1i~hed illus tra L101.15in thi;5~OQk are closely examined, i~

'Wmb~Qlne

('if the abstract ~hap",s wt! 1"+1

ap,p~.rell'l

Lll<lt

milny
Th.eCube

make up the lHmtrilti.v~ content b~ ~xt:r~I.CLt;d ~ha,p~L

;ir~ ~'iJin~)l,:Js.eJj. surfaoes such as ol ,'l!tl,gINl rl~:nes and curves which.

~ilil [IOlll

~ The wb~ IS dr.;l.... SymmBtrh-;ally \1 v..hh oriEl oom.er directly facing tl"A

these tias,[c

viewer Tlre 01>'08 and tna wlTC\!ncling area ~ cove Feel ~'lit(} a Single piece e1fnl~l.jn,,;j ml'r,

NOl o,I.lly hSpraClk'l:;: essenual In Older- to tlH8ter tl1.e ~kln ('If l'lolllQUng Ut~ JJ~.L'btl15hl but H b

3 Ul!lvirQ the lett-hand face IJl"jm~sk.;;(i, thEl fJm masking thE! rlg.'I;t.~l1d face :'1f the 01rDEl :k~ cut ~ rod remO~lAd. Ot'l this· rl'rnA mA deptn of tone runs from n(l1".tto leI! i but \~'~h ir'!orea.sirtg sl!r€f1g,th in the. higl~lighl toward tre le<lding Qd~
I..'!

If The tlorizontal surlaee 01 the oub~ is.cut and rerroved, ,again lel:wir'\j th€i hvo vertical surfaces urrrna::rk:i::i], Tha dAp!h of tOt'll'! h.m'l is rghter c-verOiIi1l'\.~n M 1t,~vAr1'if;al r:!~nA ~nrl r·~e hOfizontal.'y f.rom me top to tN

tre

QU~I;L

OOUOIn,vJrtl1 tile n~ comcrio WJ~ oo~lilrV€rl:Jeir\g B!rrrJ~ltiel/tid

01 color,

alse l;:LlSeful in 'Ulldel':'1~andh'ig

'the

~hal)~S Lt~~:~r~~I"'iJ;;;. Pll.rlhl,;'nlltJ,r~. i.r you extend the principle of

rlle~ exerclses by v:!lrvlng rhe cnl(II:) ~'Llrf~~{:t~x;tLl.rC~, you ..... Lli

~tau

~C'lniT~ !lJ1'~lE'r ·~:I!irl"'r5t,~ri.cl:i.rt.g of 11~\II!H!;tt~ ,~U'l;J;.;b ~h~j tl ill~Iit! th~ OOI'lU;lI:!:t fr{j,m (l1'1L1 ~LjtFar~ ttl another; r.l'Ol~tO!)A;:~U~ t~ "1L1J'lh~r, ~ rid fmm OrW o!hi1;'(:~ <'L!1('1;th er, to

:2 Thetilrn ()Q'!8ring ti'<l lerl-tlam:i facE! of the [),J DI]; is GL~ :;;;rd FerlClv.;:d f0.! rhA ~r1tt st'l(;~' ill th~ f>pray1ng 'lOC1U",~C~.ThA Il'lfl"h~n(j facfl IR spr.;,y:en w~rl ihe Of>;8t",r d~I'h rr~ ton\3 to !he ri[lht aM H_;.,ning C18(~lIal to tne vetiic;S1 eo,ge, T~'$ is gl'SdS1OO on the left to GlIJUbre, reflected highlight.

5,<:)""

2~ ~J"{l llu
~Q

9pra¥ec ea.slertl
::jF.!{lthlJ

5 On Qcwnp~bon, the r~m<uninQ~1 m;;. wI.::; is rernov~~, snowing IN cuDa ~l lJiIe ef ~~ Ijal~:.::! ill rncnoctlrOlrr;. "'ill!1 ~rlou::k d~!Jlt I 0'1Cur Ilrli.!ll to crelill~ 1;1, li dir'len~ilinbll ir'llili,le,.

trW

---------~. -------

-------

-- ----

II

The Cytil'ltitar 1 I\Etr$ghrIOl"W.flITI draw 9 of a 0)' 1I'I;:l;;)', ~tandiiJg '.,,,.11o:':,.lt.,. n ("..nel o ~rd.IIlIlC'olered ',.,.rth rfls'sk1""1t"l film \~IIr;:h e~t~ds also aoross 'he t..ae;kgiGUllJ H(SQ, Ol'~fC(

tho 'Q..Ioe..

4- "'ir !!:lli:·. J It; \,;;'0 ot the c~'linder is sprayed .. 4,lt'O!r>:':1,,11. eno 'C!TICf',ing t "19 t.1re! filrT' 'IrQIf'I lI' 110';;lIlpllv<t/ Pb11C. color k~ sp';;;y.oo in Ii t 101 i.?;~! 111;]1 iJirectien, c('..{lcentrating en lil!;! lJul\;l( 01 Ui~PC( OO~fl ~(l hf'lt only r;;:sidu!:il euler rail~ onto r~eIEi~t:llrq AcI[l~,

11m
1-

2 The bedi of the G)o'iindAF ~ r.l;t ;,~ tho film removed. The ~r..rO'lvil'l'" tw,h~ irom the left-hand edge', and U'J3-,;o1:( is 0.110'/;'00 to overlap the le;)kgIWIJj IroshlflQ, It is some~'Il:~ ~~'Iia"ble';c\tJr n tho ar'l:''''lDrl~' ',',re" ~pr"Y.l\,l W lIi.O! the c~~,nC1t.,..,.. is i'!:4'!4IITWJ, ,...~111 H 110'II'~I,J;;J\Jf,fi (ic:ng 9j:fID/ro at iI'le K:p. Hli3 I r 11il1~e~ 11 soshirt!l eorrrcl he exll:;n[ ti" IU ~8rnM of :::Glor.bl!!8?des tiflsI..rin[,J lh<L~ I~.ewor rUM n~r'i!lI~1 thE! certer:()

. I~' .

W-;:C'~M'
..'

::l ()n tM rlght·hand edge. ~I~ *,lne iecnr,lqUA I~ f'lrorli'Eld as in s~.8ge 2. Thf:) irrr.Oit'lnt dIiiH!lnCB IS that me co'or is JPplieci ~'_,iir - thH f;ng~,of tho rnaskc:CI shape to Glttdrtl;t i'I 1, r,",llac!~t.;Ih9hli;rht at 'he C)(t'FTo<! r gl'll I.)~ WIGcvlinder,

t,.

A+./oin the color ie orClc.~~€'!r! qI JI;::}:I/ as i'll~ lrought \award the O~~ nf 1I'r,;' t!)'lir I~r. This gi·.JCSo stroqg a nrgtllylll t<J ltltl v;;.nw. r\_,nnng Me cc:mr.IEK8 lengtn 01 lhe c'~' " '.(j!o>'1 OI'fU r:arRllel ro the edg~.ii.

Ine once c:~lind.;!r.

::; Tht:\ mABklnrr iilm is rnrn~NBd. Im'<~ng ,] h8rch~()~(:, (.\·Iir'lL'1er1111.1",· i ,o,toci b~'a ligl1: SOUIDt> 'rr"~c ~·l'Il',. !! I fll;ln·., T" IS,oc'~" qte ~mduG€~..~ t :';' IltJle1 Ul"lt effeotive "orfn with a
"~L'I·I'"'.;lI),

~t1 e-

1 A Circle ls Gut direGlI~' into rna8king lilrn w'" ~~I ~11lS bsen laid en t~a IIIU8· trlition board, using !l c;'lmr,;'I!';.!'; f,.,1'~~r.'A pl~f}'>' of masking ~arE>. i$ PI."IGFlr:i ;o,t 'M r:",'i't~' to P,'l'jv~M the comp.;f'.t, pont for 'rC n rna q~;<1g the: tDBJ'!::!ceing I,..~rkcj and also 'to assist in rCiTu,'D! Qf U-.,;. Tlil$lt,

Th~Sphere

2 r\.n o'.C!l of color I::; 8Pi'O~'GlcJ wrllcll erco-npassas 11", 'l'~P !£llld Wlll sides of th.., i4iiJSk, l:.!ul ()0~ not 'iJX~1 !(J' W,; !U( as the l:r0.'er i:ldQ~' Thls gl"~~' <;( rdle:::tEl'J tlighligh: IY ttw ~ ol the sphere ',,~I-ii;j"]will enha'lc@ its th~(jlmAMI:')n"'l ClL!ali'V Tn..'S! lnlrlal ,C}'j!ll Cif r:olflr must t)!:i'lnrl,M carefull~' S,r(j is 1~1 attornpt r;d s;fte;- practcing wth the ,o."'brwS!1 on a frw!land bas.b. Ao t\~<ilre~r'" 11~ planes '.viYlln t~e C"v'€r,@jl sllwy:; 01 the SP1Crc, ne n';i):O": onl: C<:'iirles i;s QuUin'3. nQ'. li"16 !r! lernal !lJ"eas of ,ght OIII'CIStl8l:jow.

::I In thf.! second ,,;ragA 01 sp!8J}'ing. ('()\:)r i:<.appli8d. leMing a soft,;d;J&.::!, iDllG'''II~.' cirCular lIT gr,t ncar the top Of tre sphere. RGsio,j~1 QOiCr' s!ightly softens tlw I'GJfl~ ~Q r gh!y! II at the I;y.NCI'~dge

4 On·;e 1,f I~ n !t16kin~filrl has i:::<lE!r1 con'{l!~l!il)i removed. me n!I'loct~d t II~'I 1J1',lGil the bass o~ tha sph~re O111U the orincipal highligl1: at cartar t:lP are mere 1lffeGllvF.lly' approcl;'l'lSC, A.ft~r practlcs Irl contmlllnl1 ~1A S'i~· brush fer f~and n".ooFllir-Cl v.'~hn me! mO!GKOOou~lIne, i~Wi!1 SOon be pjssib~ to produce 5phe'£s witli :he !iOht sources af'glB:l nom o1.her. o <OC''".ms. /" $Ld\! ,Of $P!'~r ~<JI obiJC:s andtl'l~ ,<,i~.y lighl 1!lI11::I Uri ~lQm. i;I~ \:,'e!i OlS 11-.,;. waY' '1 W" eh oitler COO)(; .m;; r;::lleulal, will b!;:·:f irnmenGE: ~~Iue lor 'Iu&ure pra:tk:l' and app..Gatio'l.

llASI.t: WillMS

The.Conll.~ ThA ;'T(1~ I:".drawn U:';' '9 ,M ellipse t8rnpl,3tA Inr thi:l ':;!lS1'i; 10 yi\'''o! 8 throedimene;OMI il"rt(lr'A~~'or" rll~ <lIt' ..... ark is COIlCI'eCl With ml'l~king 1'i1l1l;l! lei l'le ! ccno shape cut nut.

J II'I~ :;~"'10 c:<.creif€ i", ~.!'lrn0d 00 l on the rh}il r,,1nd side but, as 'wil:~1 \h~ o'llimJ!GI', !l '!;! color is no' ~mcent·rateGien I'le fll~J~kocl-o<:lgo; It I:". nF(,A.lghl In sligtlUy II,} a,IOW ;; rerA':tAd highlioht f() DB sh(Jwr I. ,.:._g.,jn iho color is gr8d<ft€d ql.llc:kJylowl:mJ~ lIl£' C\'l!'l1;8rto crre~e 'hA msln l'ligtlliY,tll"

:2 1'1this exarr 1f:1~1,t Ie ilh"ist,Dtor hM ,.,t'~,)sfln th§ !elt-"'Ii:lf IV e(i:fo of the 001"161ro ha spFa'jecl 'ir'ill. The color is ~ake'! ~"Jl'!rtha rnaskeo ~(j;,;r~ ilnv g 'oclMed Qul.r;J(V as ~ cornell !;jft,.... WKJ toW;)rd6 the centAf ()f t.h§ cone. V1r'rF,;l1spra.ying ,., .. nna, It is irnporlalll ,'.) 'l·emlYi,ber tf;'!.~1'th;; ~GI(Y ' ~rrool(j UI;I ;;:'PIJlic:d from th"" nllsA to lh~ lap arm cprayarl ~hnl.Jlj fel'ow the {)~'''''r.,11;.hOI~e oi - 'ie {,::'lnA.

"';U ~r,e

4 ihA 'I' 1PlI :<;tag'.:l is tbe 'W! IQ,'.,I or

the rT'!z;,<,kinn flIm, T'l~ GOIW i~ :;e'iin 8.~ 0: ~o.npir:t1'"' 1'hn~HiimBr' siunal 1~,.I['n with the (€rl'r~ r ~rll~ht arul soll ~1·1b;:.;lin£1 ermi'~g ~ ·;I',~l'ln" flni~h r:~e 1I11:1.l ;,.01 1I11-' Cyl.l1C03

CARHUOAIW MASKING
11~iSoc!;;ru1~gu,i.: OIL U~i.:~~lIl~ b
'~if'l~S .'i~ ~NG'[.f;O ,~!m~Yl'J,(l, [,fI()~f

and rU',Ki\l ,i'l'o,i'I:;K .I,ol,li,Sii:JJ.Ju" and Deferer1Jc~ should also 'be made tGth~mwhen t;o.Holi\;1.ng tl:l~~ ~cq'!J!~tJi~~\ll!L!~tr~tc!lhere, Ine il(ht~11tage of ColWOOClI'd (I~ a mas~1ng rnatertal I;S t.h.at n is ti;:<i,.:J~y ~~aLl~li]c allC! H1(;:;i;(1~n$h"C!.yCN j I"~n ll,~~' fcMCto~1 Pit (;Jv~r hcwr'l
M;';",i\[Wc,

oth~r ~t1.!d~oproi{;(.;'l:i;· H cun be

1.1S~rj r[lm~d: r~'[r~(,.llar~h.'i.fI'I)~

quttc uecurutelv andto t:~~.it~

VMi,I'lHS t'(j*, q~I"Ji;H~~, btll <! 5 H is up.lt] ue, it is Je~sver~d~jJ~ tnan ac~~~l~' !;,If .maskIng f~1.01.

Sl'1aped !Edg9 t A plS<:A n' 1"-iI'dh0'l1':1 hil,~ h,=lFlCut :0 ,; plt'td'"tttl'i"f'lin8~ .o;r.oP?, ~ this
C~8e .;

Torn 'l!!:dg.Q
'.1 A ;)I~A (If r.<'lm h""" haar tOM Ir h,;,11 Thi~ ,-;(,!rr ha dene rOtndQl!~V Or 'l\:Jlio,...ir'1 "I f.l~'Cil (li,liU\;';, b:;t in tM
1,3f1F.I' t...:i~.e,l~m,;lm~I""'(1 1Mt ~

g.. n:te

OUIV.;!,

I~n~1
r

~()5~ib~
G:,.'

1\'.l~~hiA','e ."I.b~oliltl'i

ar:C!J~~

St,raJgh~ Edge A pi"'~ d f.,tr~ioh~ '.;(:g5d ::.;IrdMOtro' has bom 'Clio' f a: (J~ tho artwork: th~ area 'f CQIQI''''~!.llting :rc)11 ' sprd.YIf Iii (Jot!:':' U!~ ~1;I,'~l;V<JIJ 11;;.'Sil. solt t:ull);::ariy d~1 "e(J eu';,i~,

ilJ' 111 l1;

.;'; TI"1I$ i~ lI'lS(j

sf;
:aic'onthe illt'.\'Qrl~ <.111(;, <J;f .er 8~~ fl.y"y, 8!"!0'.\':':' <»;';Jin ~'1e c'early d!:':I"'eu :.Jul ~01l ;;U.,l!:':, HI

:2 r~le ~ffecl a:;!'lie',<ed ircm spril;'u'jJ

over the torr. ec.g~ w"en me rn~*)~ 18idn8~ 0'1 tre oll'twork.

M W~

.fl<I

reo'
!:N,;

graoatM and ITJOn wft~', due to

same :>t18~edmas~ i5 hut hald ;;lboVll ";;.trle' than :)[1 t~ .'Irt'Nr:r~,t~~ r~:;,l til"lq ;:;.:i;J~ I~
lJ&'!C
i

:3 W";m:l'lil

residual color 3oepiro;;j urcler 11e ~;;trdbOOIl;,Tho further tho COlj l100rc ;~ !1elCi 'rorr l!"I;' wlfOr~e','!nlfjl ! sp'~yi!Y,,), lrle I' lOre (J r:u~1fj (r!1iJ ~!!eol,

31 Th,., ~ff8Ci achiti'.'td 'Nha'" '11)9 rnaek '8 hscl acove the ai'Ncrk" $hc,.\Qng trc n'QID diff ~s~'1j, ~Ia (Jlill\:ju ~!Jge, Ai;Join (he ~'Ol!1olion n U!!;l :.:legrE:!;l ul \lr JKJC!Jvi"l OEll1 t:J~ o:.JnlroileG Q~' the disll:!.'K:e ttl~ 'T:a:;~, is t'leid a~\O<l}'ircrn the artwor-c

I~

- -_=-- - -----------------~------

--

---

CAST SHADOWS I
(".a~t ~1::l~.diflWS ha\r~

~,V,~tif!:t.y

,nf

U:S~ LUill!.l~t[~;tLon, .\lul ualy ,tH~h~l~ in V1S~1.11ly ffi.lkirt[l the

uu

~lJ.~i~ct ~tand out to tn~t'nHlt.' but U1&y~£~ Abo ~n ,1;f:[e-cHW m~!I'I~rlFl'!'lha !fIe]n,g ~h1' t'hw@-

:2 Ths booy of tha ~,Yllr.dElr is ra-rr ;'I:;kl'¥.J. Thls IS::l;l';~I'lI"ttI;t1 rlOC!l1JRA C'r 1~a Glr"lgli';! >''if ~rl.'Av rI¥1l jlrAd 'r:r t~ tClDP'8ne M e ri't5iJlt (:of ·he rlir~~[C(l dt~€ light~i:'1lirctt. The t~p i$ 'thA.~

exoosed fer spr~:iJf'g with due

~im~miona~ qualmes at arr mllltNMcm, Th~ d~.'~"U~~.),St!:(IHOn~ ,If] 1 .nf.r~ ~'hrow a ~CI!'t-Pd,S!'f~ ~dM¥ cliL'lllI. ~1l.n:j:Y~d ~r"'-ilJhUm.lOlnd. ~'., ' ..

aJIOV.'0.f1:Je bong rnacbfo.< tho ~81di~g~ oogc highlrg'1t, wllic1 '1 this example I~ 9ligh:Jy orrw\ 10 tlw I~t.

I DtlodJng £Lim. ~1h~d;IJl~

Irom
lLri

h~ttI'~Qg\'d :~h~dow n.~cr~ed with

C<1[1

be generated
H10lht :;DIHCe or

hr RMl.hL~l :Llghl ,CwJn, the sun.

arlin.dal

~.1eb. _av~' h~!:r own S.tl~M nl~<"-8" ~ t

f1'N~J,lcll.ulqU!e$ 'of plottk!g ~dm~ <1~M ~r{' a ~iIhi ~(:1; In_ 'h(jm~h~~'1 .tnt! these wi:;,hirJ..!.1:ttl ~jfD.Jim~l1l further should refer tillxxlKN d~~Jtrl!'! sredfle-any w~th ~H.penU""'e, besides ohserving 1'i11:~ra.cru:3J.lrhappens 11'11'fa~1ty_ Tile!(lOpe ,or this book does uot
~[ i!.t:l

e~tel1sl,v~ €)1pbi1la ~Dr)ll

0, fthe of per

U!elll'Y'-;l.nrl~l~H(~tlOTI 1 ~~~~ in r€~~ti.DIJ!to

u[ ll~~ m~,ny IWLJ, HlPi. ~",jti~~

Sofl:-ediged Shadow 1 A ven.cal cylinder .s ::Jra'M'1and covered with masking film, \'Vhen th!'l olJtlln~s h&Vfl O~ cut, rn<~s~ing ti'llClilI~ LJAAt.' to ':;!l"I('ncv tha mask i'Oe::;:tlnn r-~'l\'l'lrlnn tf,~ hod.,. (',f ~~~ aylirrdAr t(l m~,kA I' E'I;'lR~'to n'lm:'Ml ~i'ld repia09 1:\8t.;li_!~ ~hi6rr!6Sk '.'1,1' be reoul(~CIs.gtIJn, i\ te-n<"ti~clf the

ciece ci 'ilrn can tie lilleu :;tntl f..!1a(Je!..l or' thi:1 Q::;/,:kin;oi~t leel ror ;:m::t!:idi(;~ I ~":til it is re-used. The cylin::ier is sr.raYoEId s pr!l~ioust:r' d~scMbro a (::'!l~iI'I'I."i). tli.n Wl11 ."I,~"."o;tI"1AI"It~ 1"""I;JodA r~r,!lrrl '1'0:l"I~ p()(';itic:n ('.f wl~h tha I,I;-Jhllght:;, <'1;1'; it i:; ~1'~(Wj 'I':": 1;;:'131: a sot 6MdC1'N '0 1'h~ oe't .~ncI wwanj the observer

3 -'i~

IT A:'><3

for hr:·h tl"~ m:'l

A 1~

toC1y Of li'le cylinder are n~pldoeo to p-oteet it W1,lc ;lle 5I1C1dQwarea is

~.tt~,j(]WS,

I f1l'A'll)pJf5of pIO!I'esuowll

l1r.w1!'lfer,i5t:'n~~ g'11~d~11 m~ F be ce MiJ~~u,y stwJYITl!! th,e m:IJ]]Y

,~i.rbl'~!$h ~'iJik, reproduced: !l1rh!:~ ooClk~nd m'P!iu.izt[i~ wh~r~ sh~d0\1\'Shave

Ilt.'f~li'lei! JiCl~ ~pel[rIi(' p Llrpose, ~

spr;;iy",d, bd all l:.!iilc~grOJnu ·nasl<. 'rI\,i s ren icved, Hi:: ::c"laDQ','" ,s spraJ~d from th0 approxirnatf! cantl'!' 0' thl'l ~~!l, i:1ilntl\j r\1nnlnn "h<! cclbr (lilt 10 lhFl ~),,1'fAFlI'I~S, :"ilil' KlOo!Ip-g we'l within ;;If .m';O'a ralatlng :0 the, ,,:Id,h of t~a bass. 'G"1i!3 lenOlth of tl"113-1i3QO'o,'/ should net be too S I':lng arm ,~hOI.Jld:acde;:Jra(j'Jalli';;lrr:::l il:,,!~lIy.'l~~PJV itr.rr rr~ c'i'linc~r.

4 -,~ 'ins.! S'Nl",ls 1~~ r"'J!ry~OI' f o -,I'e rn8tl~irqfilm rrcrr 00(11 t"'3 ~Qo and Ix":1,,. 0' ~he c:vlinjer.
19

or the bcx ":~arei'll~lu IFtl observer is ~·jra't'e:::l Firo.1 beGaL!~ thi~ 'Nill m thFI Si:::lfl in (xxnplel8 Sl~,:h':l~h\', \Nlthr.lJ~ .'If,I~ l'f!ill'tiOte("l .1~J1t. I: 8rrDulci be sorayed ~~\tha.rrediuf:'s~t':JniJt~ ,rJ.I (if c!~lr

,11 Theside

.·
.

.'
H3!rcI-Gdged Shadow

t'
l:~~r508rl!.1 r IrJ
r

I"

{'

i:

tr'l~ ()Xli!! I;:'~'"I:~ cast SI'Ii#JOW lE:;ul !!l!qU~~ 1;1. re::;lli~ 1(,,'tIfar UU;>!'".:l ~~IO'Wi' j~'I.t'iree dirnensirma w III the r:::'lI"i~rI'11~Tbr'lnf its ,o;l'\.gri'l\!J.i, <IS If ("~t;tIrc.m 1'hJ'l "'1 Jr'I r;'lI'hAr 1i"i.'ln '1t'.n1

1 F':i' ~he purpoau of

oltlraOJIIi!~ht T11~l:eli'n~ ~hOI"lI:;Jt<3 :,,;I! ~~:pI8,,,:;r.o' t,,:..:.l !l n 1l);,;L ~', D~ :'e! I>;:;111iJ~rb'J n I~ll':~ ','~mi~tillY fXJIIIL l '0;' I the yrou[1cl plane 'kill tll'Naf~ liE:: Coi'l Hllil ~'Ii:Y.iZC:f1 an:::l alae: ir r\rn::;.;jilil~ y h=i10W ttl!'; liqr,t ~I} .• ~(l.

2 l lavinq constructsd th8 box :"Inri 11,~I'ih:'lrl(,A'" 'h~ rlrAwlr,q IA 'rA fJ';fA~(j If': iliL 1~.I'r',~rk,~ "flO~ rrl, t),:1' 100\'IIlGi Q~ t the ooostrt ... ton !incs. The c 'J!k1L-:"C 8..:i:::'C8 is tl"){;'-1 ccvcroo with

4 Tho r9rt-h8.~cl side ct the I~m is iwA, and li'e filn' cC'"~rll'g tbis orw 61h i", Cu', OJ!!\..i.e'! Y.)' .. ed. ! !"!er~b no 1i1fi ~!r fle~ tc r;;fJll:I.ce It Ie l'la~k ~revt;jl~~ tho '(':r mrr\"}'o,%j for ~;til.~ J. t)(c)Caww this tIlf3 &) ,~I~J8 n~c:,~ tc be t~ strc:nQ8~' In to r@fl. 'l'nni'l AM ~~in(1 It "''i1fJfiRArl ."i1lfl'!.1.'.': .biISD.'I, It"-$ COhy der'isi{~' to to; b,lilt LJp n ~l!XCS3(;_.,(,;:spraY·IlQ:S.

r!';)~"ing ('11"11,

-------

--

-- -

--

~ ~;:.:11rn top b SpIByO,1, ;)g~in ,\'1.11 ,II~'i,~p'0Tlt

~ \\l!;lDo;o; ~ slKlwrl

'wI' n~~h~p!evOJ~stages eXpu~ed,

GIKl~~r', 1I1~top ,1iI.5 ~'::;;;::!ii:ijfirlg Ule

r<1aximull' orno.mt of !ight, li1u<, "elVing ~hQhighQ.StQ'clGro..l tone, and this 8t !IJ!J!(; o~ In;r Ii", " 'nl!'d ~vI1~i) : ~f)[l:l'liniSl.

'I Thonool TID.gC ")1Ci.'/3 tho WJrlf;Meu OO,X OI!Ie! I;'J sbadow 'iI'i1.tI all t: 'e rl'a~'~iniSl ! ill'l ren !!;;\'!O!U, BilC:i'J_SE; {11the -~R.1l::JiiiI'ICe wl'~t'l il'l

;h~ [-,0':

Wi'!RSrrfr','I'l;i, ;:;,~Atli'l_'l

lumlnF.,e;lty is arpi'!i'Flf"I', ,,~hit~"I .'I~,;!';i~t~ In (¥.1i11~~I'iF'ig'he :;h~PA ;o.r,;i rlArinir~ 'tr$ dlr'ACliOn t.lf the !t)ht ~"'-ir<:"l

,$ Tft!,~~ II;;!-OC"1~reu winl rl"a~{lo;~ri11 Tl1,W\il5King !ilm GO'IIffl"irrJ U\'4ii1'itll'li i~cut 1II'Id ~mDV['j(j. In U-il~l~a." 11a-t()n~ Is !,5)ldd. Nn .... Ir. rimnt 1~ s;sdo\.v; but il 1$ ".ISO ~cptjblo, and in J.i:D2png with

!lal:- .'::;, le rm'lK<! t larrJI-ed;;liKl shauow~, gradated, HI€[ Ilradatlol"l r1'1O;,)/ pas~ ell IIwards frnrn h~ Qh~: 0~ In"'~Airrlf\ fl:':JM '11('1A~;f~l~i~ !'if !'hA' ehi:ljow; it is a!ldependem ttl t~.; c1'oct <J.n~ cmpho..sis ncoded

21
--

Tetley One,ClJlp' persotnal J1chtn ElreUaner

stereo

Mt1dern hi-li ~uipm8nt and pflr:::I'.lnal sl"'"T~ arE!subjects whlc:hh..<i.\~ !)ru~!~r, popular · .th 1111 J!':trat{ll':". ..... ilpocimizirq In II tnt,,:z;n t'ar.:::ie1Y.l i!~!Stmlk:'ris. TrE'! S\.lb~r.~. Seelf! to be partlei Jlgrl~' 1Ipt, and ihe example repmduced he-'a '.~excellont. S~CAo; Ir,q 1~ <:l~liti of overalltirush ~.-I1iQt" all studerts oi' Ciirb; U$hing i;"(),j'J aJrr to O~1L<tJ;(!. II. i~ tr I(.:Juued in I"1iS

socti:m h~~.. JAA It ;il'lm;'lI~A~(~tAA m (,)E'I.'lMV aroli:"::ilt~:.n 01 3~A::;"'T9:; th;'l TONF 1\;) 1hrrn &.::ift-t!;:IOM Gam s~aDfl~"~. \NithGu~ trert·, the three to-ns 'i'Ollld N)De.3r to 110at in s'Jo.ce. 8G n is, t~e cast sr a.GDWS create ths inl)r"{;cssion ihat t~GY !;;1t"1i) 11ing en OJ. flo.t SUlt,;iQ~. ;;ven :hC"Jgh no (Julu:" or edges 011'13 ·.·i~· or 111i~ o!~ irrOlyintlr)i
$J..Jrf<.l.(.:!;l.

I t te iIIu~hllion is ccrr 03J""f.lti,·ety simple ir, tern-s 01 thfl !lc:r:1 'i'i'lt", plct;ing of tl¥.!, .sr-.."Idi'l·.I.'~. Ctt\;';r $utj~Gt~

m~.v rot ICe,bA a. require oNeful observation to ensure :h~'.rey 0:' t least look .9£ if th@'>!0.' Olll1;"lrua $1,acJQ~'!~of ln~ 'JDje:.;[ ! rom W'" ch lI1~y fJ.re i;t1~ l. Wll!5f"1 plilllning tr.e in:;;.~~i(J1l ul ~tladc·.vs, it i~ es~§r.ti~! lhal \t'leir coalton and :::iirAction G.()E'!S not connet witl t~~ dlfficth-;ln Cif the light SOIJrD::l, '8(.'..a(;il",~~ 1'M rrated r ."II(,",' 8lii1'Me -pftM subject I)oing ~prayed Hig!1Iighj:s DfId ~11~;jO·""f. shculd aI·~.'8.Y"$· o in I, ....n Ivn~ .,.tJlIl b each Q;i1'i]L.

ThlYC <1lt13 ,','jQ other OiiflJ!ushing lOChnic·J%· uS<;~ '-111ltli~ p;::rsonlil.l ~ter<:Owt'lictl d~s~~ iO be 1Tl1'-flti(]r1~d h~rei h~:'"..::llJS>'ImAy r>!'!rK6sarl E!X~IIAnt AX;;lI"1r.1AS. F'lrA·',1'~ l =r¥ 1\(, Tl'CH" Ql.IF~, '.\.nioh hs'v~ 8 ousJt)' Inrlici'iting tht! Ob',Qry•.!8 5k' and O;,T '-Nhici' the iUl5tro.:or hos (;IppliQd; secord ~Ile~'ely$1.Ji:ItI'3applica~(),h or SR"'"!T~!'-G mittie 3~etlkers! whIT. ls !Ui:lL~"0~.I,;;·· indlGat~-thEL~ut1m t[J texture. '

22

Arehet'3
Andl'8W Farley

11'11.'1 Imrortal:lf}.:f0f h; llqht shadows r.~inn in harmorl:l with ;h~ soorm oi light is marlA i'Ne'1 'TIOrfl;<J.PPi'.lFl'lf\t in the illutlt,trtiOh By dtlr~in(! tM :\';r-.9~ 00,'J[; and rJl0 angle Of th8 (it-t .$QuI'QI;;,on bo'!h t~ sphere [Jnd t~~ LJdt;ilt!~. ul lib? <l[(Jlal:'>:a clSQ! impression is given (:1 n Ie lin ~ being at sunset, The color tOl'leS, slrengtll anc ~xt~"t of th€ shE<do'Ns. 0"1 U:e hm11es "crl'laSEl thi~ irnpr€ssiol'l, nle 'i.:¥,1' ~hi'l;jnw8 (lrl the sph@F:I' [&!l€ B45 C F{'II"l\i'.l';l. l~1; ~~II 01$ t~,g 8i1:'ldlng G.cros~ rts natural 'orm iirdicBie 'hA dlrectiQ'1 of tbe gr.t, Witil'illeSe ~t'!IiI(jQWS Oippliec!1 rt/loo~ 11l0~1~lrrg er ::;x::etate 11'1!:l~kin!.l' Ths archp.<'s.also d6fT"KmstrB:l:eU'e dagroo of obSElr\lil~lm fi'lq1.,rOO ""her'! alrbru.:;hing the
hl.ln'1tu'l

fer!¥! Oll'ler

CoXa!'nol~,s ay be seer, it, the §SQ. m onel !1;1W c~ this book under the seC:" tion focusing 5pecific~'lIy O'l fE!.'1doring I-IU,\; ~8!"iV' w~h the air...\
l:!1'\.I~.

ell. ROM E EFFE{_71~

natLrr@.,1:"hmmi', (lrr highly iJ'!JH~h~J.or Ien~n~ve surface, is c1:lfffi,mht 0

~Irrother

~lyih v~ry

repeoduee oonv:lllJclngly IIl~Il HlY5:~r~Huu, While the a~~lm.!;sh is ,1 more th an me-Iul aid, if thl" effect is not rendered wUh care ami vr~-!J'l~nning~,H ca t). be
~j(~'rnlnh:·1 ,itld~ ;!n(1 :~ht'l['I11~~!c. t' V I th~n:IQrr r(.':(111jI~~ r~dh,;\;~m.l ~ P ckm' Hudy of :.di.I;~ I f'X~ mp~~~ ~m.:luiJ i,IL!; the m,I;U ~~~ !.l~"'u in
I

Mr:.nor,hmmi'ltlr.:,

E.tt~,t

.-

.'

.,...

........

or

.....

-._-

...

-......

.r

••

~flm nf rl'lf' Hluw~ti0'[15 r,:,pHl' Ii!' duct'd In th.~~bo.ok, Th ts ~~, 1J~c~uM.: rum!; b r~rd v ~~CJl (;b 'N'ltl~out so,til1eU~.ung elge' refl~(te<~ In tt, muany in close proximity, These exercises uurodnce the technique .of how ~nllpp'roach the i1IIbtli.~lli.llg or cluoure in both black-arid- ... ~'hl~eand color, F<~chis ctemonsua ted in isola Lion

1 M'M basi;:, Cif this e~'ar"l"Ipl<l, .';1 t.~, irCI8r is dreW!"! 'ilree-ditritilE'tona"Y
Dnd in a n(:"'izontGl poeitico. Tr~ art work is oo~ol'Gd I,V Ih m~R r1g flm in '[)rl;lp~r1;l\10i'I !c~·~f):'tlI'/!I)8.

.'
..... ~ ,.~ ., ...,..........,..._~_,U - -.--

2 The bodi, UF iengli\ QI ltl~ (;':If':". dar is dlv dgd intc "m~u~ 8~11ii[j€:(j areG~ :"of';f:i thr:~ nAFlr:llng "hA
I

strcnoes,t or @1'k,eM sha'Cies are CIt,

J'ltT~1.5t<ed ano sprayed list It is nnportart that when GI~ravingD. ol8:Ck 0. ~d white ob oct, tnc c!Dfkc~t ~e;;ici Oil\) ~PI'e/O:;J ~'rf;l.",s ;h!~ rot ():: V ~e"\oI~J tir III!,!, bo~ L aiS;;" !~qulr02$U-,..,;:

~m:l nesther ~hcmJd he taken as the only !nt:'~hn(l. Wh~n ail,'bhlShIn g ('1'1 rrQ'f'l~,~h~ <jpprCNI1(n ~tl~(]'pt. ed .nnmt 'be 1:lldged .on U~ mertts <lm.ll~dcp~JJ~.h:Hl till, ~,ll~·tL 'lhm~~ "J~ d"p' 1()CM~O'n of the ("l'[wm!! i~1, r-.eli:!ti.oll to mh:~ r obiect~ (]IE m'Lt~· ri.'l,h" ,'h" h;~~e,fl~nrof ~mr.lJI·! nd~[1~ Qt:i'j ~~t;:;~ ,m(j Wlm:. iII tH~

r nir !irI ~J' n 01 If Il\S!~ cut t <'II:;, By f.oro\'\' ing ttus ~f,1quem~',1lny re~iuJ~ lnrn !';I ,tl~Aqll€lnt 1'.:1r.<lylngwhich <'Illt~· ['I!ati~Jly enoroscees Or the ~: a"C~ will f'1Qf'O~i ~"'wgtr.;:n ~w dQlih0;;t t0110$ aneJ, wil!"! prOQ",'C~1 trc;J, In1prove II". Cl%'ll'! QI OOI'lr~i i1 lna!"'>9!'!tlda.I'~~~Drk,

f'orlVimnment in which the

en BOI!Hi' needs to be shown, All at these will obviousl y determine

th~ base arrd ~f.f]~rtlvf enl rl'r~ 10 b<,; !.!.~~'!J h~n ~PJ,·i.lyiHi!l. w Tin e toh'l[ f;'xetciSE:' sh01';!l) h~H:'

uses a (On wntim'~ tor Cft:1I tiIl!,: the effBC't or reflected color. Thi s is b.Il~ed (H~ the assurn ptton rh at the
lower p<'lr L of a cluorne obiec L

ar,d sprayed.

3 I t te areas ui rnediurn

OII~

eXfy)'.;ed

In ~I\ht be ~e~l~ect1 earl hcolors ng fri,);J', UI~ gH.JI,UII,,l, .....h~k HI!!,! UpfK'r
pMt nf'fl.w~~ Iight1'f to~\('~from ehe ~ky, D~b :!i:rQund!~,[.:ydivhiun reqt! ires the ~Hj~l 10 establish an approK~mllte hndznn level acress

4 TI'~ 'lirSl of t~e 'J.' O':da;led lonaJ areas is. new cut, r~1TI~n~u and sprayed, making sure itltl color c!::~ not @xt~r.:::I too far '00',1,11 1lno tr,HE';by 21imlnis"· thl'l ,strangth of tr,,:,hlrihl,(yt.

the cluorne suuace,

I"In,111y,alw~y~ ~iUiJi1' t hM thr ilir prC~~UIl,; ttmmgh t hl' ,lirbm~h i ~ (".;rrrf:'n, If H i~ lno ]r.l1.",'i the' fi n btl wi H~PiJ€~l ~ra~ny and r textured, whlch would U.alt(: away the reflective a rTlf>amnrf. ChroO]'f t Ius anv xl rvmdy
~:U Iu0~:h:.u:rf'K~'.

8. -lll~ !!'!ii.~I~rI'd hlr"!',pr'Cl·~orJngll~ budy 'JI the eJl' "Ui:i" i~ '<:if !V/S<J, i!;lr,;i Ii thil i ]"\VJllli:;:!hl is ~::.'·cilGt\ed wilt·! an :rt knif@< .3lcng hEi CUI'.0.l0 6<jgE; r:at'NelF.'Il"Ithl'l hcri,1j ~n('jthFl 810 ;")f fhA. r,ylinrJAr.

9 Anc'J"lQi' Qpa-,quQ white htghlgrt . i~ applis-dtr,-,,!i1<Jnu (,,)""~rll"iill hi'~.:!r l'ligt Iligt 11OI(;'""lOI;..;:!Q UI:,,(,Jrill ~~~ye b,

llfi;J,'iI~d lt1 the.

hair -crf the cy;'1flr.¥f.Mah, ~. ~rer~11 rJO~.1'-l[;pf<)y

t(l['l

ioo h&~'.~IV the Co oris D!DuOh: 81;,

dDvm into tie area of the white highlight.

10 nIe 8U<roundlri\I 'nB3!{ing lilrn Is rerpoved, re~saJl.,g troe finisi1<ld arwork, With mo.'·~·practiQEl, <lf1{j by or:1'lI'!f'~ln;;! ::lr:tl~I ~1-;,1rnp~~, i" W II 50CI"! l-..; .'lpp.~~r!" tr.;'i11'~I'e are ["lsny variatiorts pO~5-°QI~ r1 renQenrrg 11!gl-II, pc, ",1);:;0~url~~eH ~ lJsIr.;;'~~"f;18 v.. e', an intense M

fi;t(kj1I' i~W8~edflreehand

arxl in

~ucn~~ 0!'!10!!'~,

cl ~~

i~$fofDlIim.;ltG" c~W:)r ofU"$

~oW

[)'f.r.d~i',

elnd m 1"1"~' G'~lInrr<'!ris Axro~F>j rflr ;l',DrOl>~ng,To ar:ohMiz8 the .;;!Ci:~t- e,f tre cylino'cr, the coor is appliocl vor tically and 9 'adLited irqp ,tgh; to laft. <;1110"",-'"10 ~~,f;;i"IffiQienI~Si(.l;J~-!J1 culur I·;) ~lellU u_\,er II t;;. ct.~ pul~l~ Bur II:lG€ 01 lI~ end plene,

r~N:c::\... raf1 ',.... l""1;'!skro f'lm A~rl thFl a ,th

7 ...... bod~' oj hOi Ci'lind<lr ,'E

k~

no""

G FOwlndiSky !PteU~c~lot1! 1 U~lflg lI~ SOU!'e iil'Olylfi, the Djlincer is CfOf1:m I:!J'!U'..V'fO!' ~ wl',h ~ing flirT!. Hie emJ 01 l11~ l;i'liild~r II'. I'lmp;!'IrAIi ff)( ~p';;Ving and an (;joottlm IT<l.8k ..5 ovarlalrl, ~\.nlr:h has i cecn cut to follaw an O!Ppm:?nmatf! "l'>:)ll.:on" h.wol ::;cros~ tre C8r1ter (';f
Ul~ .;;;)hoor, This 8:>;P060d ares i5 5i)f.I:lYW will I l;jfOl.Cl~itWcolor, uCirog '~~1I1;.l'o\1 v:.;1"lrl:;: OiInd vomdylt= crown 10 ie,:il08G;,t th8 base or ground ~'I11i(:h ~ ouid be r,"~GCfOO In tho oVlincIO(, .... The w-Il'Ow oct1r... l'5> spl";:"y&:Ifirst,

S The f1H:!6kltlg I!IF! 1:.0';'OIQ.C80 CJo)0},C M,g &Or:il','ed area, j;II!d t!.!~ r lin pro t@cting tt,,~ bod}' 01 h" ():lir!iJE;:!r !~ 'i'l'TI:lvf.ld .. Anottn~r aG~ll>l:,; ITll:!.si<. '.:I ;)1B['l;!lFA;1 to .'IHn......~XpCU'E ai' the area o...'1'ietino "hp. qr0II'-:\:! rrom tho!! "r.orizcn" tJtrwn Thll'. 1'; ~rr.:lYF.l(j ~"'Ingtho 8C1MOcolore and 'followlnn lI1~ ~Glln~scquorce CIS th"" a"I("j for or U Ie (,:yhn::!'i)I'.

,5 Ire IineElr eu{!e l~~~'iesntll~ Gr!!;

It Ie- wrl01~ Utoo, Tno$i~ fDlltl'N('ld by an o\'li:f'~Wl:!ii ul Val'dyke bl'(l)!!I"i, but r:an,,~tratlng ttle' color "It tile t8P Et~ tM rf\<I$k, ~\ot1tr:h repr-e-oonts the .;;crrccted "~o~c.n " I tl!::;·~ gr.l!;iiili:"3r;J down into the ~<::IIl;;!Wcehrs. l,l!..J1. rut QQ 11)9;1 it

=,~·ing

<Inri, th::l hilav of tr.s q'limJer i:,; t Il;)~·, li;Jhted by Sbratchlrrg I'll Jt colnr '/~1I1 an .~;1: hnifCl. n.:s is 'allowed b\' ~ ,,;pr;;l.y~d 11iglllight.af Op;:;qU8 ,·,n~F. tr !'>F.a(JiaW~? ;;;J:xJt,IC the ';'0'·i2:01';" iVEl~I{,lIO:.'; U'reboct! of tllo"C:,.1ulGer, !J~lnQ:<in ~02ULti:: mask j) ,Q!t1t0C:11~ tat;kg!Q~,JI,:;icolor.

t:QvoJr~ IL.

4 1110 OJi:otate

maSkis ~mov~n !'Ina l! I~ 'G!rlsc;8c,.co!'J( ~or tt\~ ~.k.y i5

~f)I~y~J. Olg?lr:l being QlI"8G<UBcff(lm ttle 'Ull lc Lf:~"horlzon "

2: Th~ oceta[e rTI~!<. !~ r\i:IIlO'~CI, and b',jl1l is then SplOI.}'e[j Irul n lJ'!!il 'I'nr (',f ihA "vllm1;;;r €:.hd, g'a'J;;Ul'Ig f~C:Wn,.\,;;rr! h'l'N::!rd &,~ "horizon," Ic be el~"";::'l'~.'e,hls eoler .~h[,)LJldhave I ef1QlJ,lh graClatlc:n 1() <'II'()Wth", v.'hit€! af t;"o l~c'0ld to OntfiA thl'C:( :q". ceiwccn tho bIDl..,.f\ and tr11'1I)IUF't, <'II'. '~]):,jo, 11l"1f:rC.Tho end of .he OAin(ler ... s nllW f IfJI~t~d. '

W!

6 A ~,grlltgr[. 1lOjc.ir'l 01 opl:O..jlJe wrrte, Is rora,(§cl 'ree'rI8n,j ml cul'l 'th~ ln~ar hlqtnt grit ard appru~i!1iH~' ~iit1 th"" ~n~r (If the bod'r Q' h~ ~. ~~der 80th BJ& flo~ltr'..r.!'id ailh !O'c~ Of tM r~lAf;tF¥i "hnrrzon."

I M~UimiC tOlprntings
~cli"m16retloner on of (":hrc1f"tl.e 'M.lbe sean ('t". ~n~' i(1h1i i'Bf~th'e h and fXlliShoci mni'l~8, 501.101'; IJr3S5. copper Of' a.!'; $'Ii'il'J\1$6 51eeJ. ThtS i!llI~tr.:ltion of t...O / s,Po!e faJO:3:t fl8nking eCld1 side of ;) nb;~r laucet is.an OXwron~ '<)XOlmpl$ 91' How one; 11!1J~tl alQr' 1';OI,S~uoce~\ir~ ~~iId6'l';::ulilO: &line ~bjecl wH:h ~b~ cI~rilF8rt rnE!t~ finishBs.Thfl' ~fit cn ti",H IAft 18 ro t1I"1.lSS; tt"8 -merr!'! In", middle hae s; semi-gross Ih~
~Hrf::!.t.A

[1fAGt~ slmlJi:ir ro thr::oF. .'lr.~rIl"O

~.iarTlel~d lirii~t'l and tre· one en m{l Mght t~~a c.hro,~ flnls ~,. TI~;'lffiB!Orl~Vof 8<oiImplas nt illrhf\I;O.r.;.ci f'Ji'W(lIT'"!';' firolShff.' in iIIus,'aticn's, can bafaund or'! »'ehicle.e. as demonstreted under ''fIM<I~rom (po.ges 98 ~15). However. whl~ .. ehicl~s spend rnuch, ( no: 011. c:r (heir ~Je$ in lhSl ope! ! ~I\.Jmlfo!le!{lr~ me render '-'y 01 UleJI' dm;rreu sur~1:I',"e~ er 1GB ilSill1 iu rE>I.-edit.'I"13 01 hcrieons and m.s bll.!I'Iof sky. l1',~ Ii'. not .~ ppmrm.'l~H tfl nl11AMA AAAI~ In~Iri$, A Cm'{Irorr.,e;a lc; rhAra~")~

tr,~·

nocest;.:.'U).'. speds::y ii, as in the a

illLJsTI'll!tion r~r:rOdLJ0F¥.:1 hi'll'i'l, rf) ~I irmunding ()l'liF'fo~,t1'; or ~ui1<'lC$$ ~ 'tl irY'Jud¥:l, LlncS' wah Dirt,c' msral'\~. the illustrator mG.3i: resort to ~tJJdklshO~;Jhotogr:;.ohs 'or reicrenoc, or. as is rrore likely. his or her skill and lo::nQ\,·:~dgef r.ow OUlflp0Ur'lO~uro f~e~ appg!r Wll~ i r::;lIeuliny nC~"ng II ICfe than pLJf~ 1f>jl1t a[1:1 cthar p;:;rn ct m.: 81lIT@ cbjoct, Suc.h ill tA~llnicus rrlay ~~m ahltffiry In .'Ir:';'1lif,ar'ClrI, hut If mE'! ~nll':hAci r~l~tt !06k~ S!5 imAFIrlarl i 'I'~ ;<.: .(;(";""56 1$ .'!Chie-"'fiQ Thtchniq.;e•• "socian rhi$. illl~tra-

U"I~YI'-O:., _J~J '-C.- ~~ ~?'Id ~UUI~O The b8G~g!QJncl is 8 goOd e'xarnp~ of !';~CHD s~r\!lYINa O;~cl ::;~:>ATT T(j~c Worth soocial attention arc the subt~ rc-flQC1;ion$ m",cJ~ b~' tl'..s ~~ctiC(l'3cJ ':;"'.'t of 1.hlfo! mixer laucet in the I'lli::dl~ 1:11 Id tndy oj ~h(':f~~cet (Y.l the righL Soft, q t.;'I· Ci."lr.,c! ffiflEOctlc.ns of tha fauoats are <lIse VL5ibl8 on the 5IJrface, To give contraet l~el'''',1en the ''ioiSnT,tn at tte b=~ and trc hellO coziness of the chrome ,~))~Ghes of dlrk Qreell h~ve ooen 'spplkJd to ,tf1C liRttGr,
W.Sk1I~r:, F~~~HA~:'

IBl!ack"ai'ld"wtli~A

f.;lm,A'U;

John 'Bretloner
Ni. OJ. ()(;n~'~l tQ lI'l~ fuli-Cul(!r I~nd~· 'n!) 'ill IIi.IJb<!lS, I;1ll !ii;~'w IlJ~ is 0v!;;'!'l f I~f~ IJI 1:l8irlli!w ",;julljaul I~!)'J~W with an airbrush ill !:Jh:'iI.J(-I:'."u-wllil~... In the l'oregruund isa v~,,<:as~iillr 1, bt.r, with t'lD singl€: f,::ru:c:el~ alf~~l ~tl fr~ IAft i'm:i heihinn it Tn the MgtH~ an "'nA~ -fini:c.r.;:,(j mlXI'lF fal.K:at. Bo::mlsc·tI18 illustrator 1\;1$ ()'Ily l)h~ck ~\'hi~ and !he v<llioJS $hade~ ul;Jr'<J u0lill!l .. d u~rnilurglh[) D!JO .... base 00101'3,. the I:i;lftJrusl,iny demands a t,igt'l aegreiil (I~ ~kill in II f.i LJnd8rmarr:jing of stu;tdin!!!], Gur'lr!iCJ~ I iln:::l light <'InC, shadow, It also r.;::q,lli'¢.o:i=; VElr..- careful planning ,0 ;:;.[<;vent C4"1e;"Irei'! fr.tlrn blAflcJlng In wlW I ano'iher Or iJ"ie Ob',ectf. ~aEImlnrJ TO rr~g~. This illustration "QiJ'lieVBS a! willi-nOt one P.:lr! b(;)it:1g illegible Dr V.B:gul::, j[ t'IJ:l~ b!i::e! 1 r~r!Jl:lred using th[~gami(qoch"niC/J~s. I!3S tl'e jull-~"tI~ iIIl.lsrr!l.tion, iFd.,ding the tnlD'~qmLJnd, hill wlfll tl"F.! ..'ld.dition or ,I!;T,~RRII'I~ln ~'c~n !'Alactoo,a'ld ~arA[ijllv thmJght·ol,Jt. p,.'lC~<;i, Soft· ~ ,-#,t;T ,t:H,',rn.',':"; ,~pr'@~!fid '..... a;'iAt.~'ft!'l TO\~~,I""H'! alw ~n 1l~8d whioh .aade to iht'3 il"riiC"'~o(l~ of the toucote Sittin0 Cl!l a surf.aoe,

Slro
li!;lll

mel

rene 'PliJin ClC;tl con:

.;af!P:
1':.'11'".

herE robe
~~I

rQb~
W~IB

~rad cbrc
ING..

·bAA

gnp
the:

r'elh,

Hon m!J~
OFp

'm

I'J

.' b.-'1:."I

"'~b
faflf

The
-Siva

Of.. r
"I IIi II !<i,
11
~Wt

00k

repr
'tla!j
i:;!N

1\"l!t;i wl~

L.C6
i:J/if;l
I~
Q~

'El~l'
Eilai

I·~I !;;

'1m:
J\.\t;

tti~ tiJf@~

Laser-out bread John BreUonel'

nna m~tAriul or t!;!x1i<Jre and another is-<lml 01 th~ rj.~lil1~ t .adll'anmg13s of arrt:1n ioFih FeI'Ii.i'erlng as com~.ffil1 to hardp~in11rlg, ~"tJAr!'l Ir c9!1'iba diffbJ!t to ar.hlB'IAthe en:rne proosion Wilh <.L r;r,.'1siderod C'lPp'oach Oli lU U::ilrllJ ttle app.-OD! i;1!le lllilQfi~114'IJ€5, the e1f·oct .~"!lh'ii ql..1i"e slUl'lrllng; !'IS SM'l.,F'! !'L~rlf in ttu~ defi rt.lon a:pl:1l1f1r1 ·the to r<loot's t>.and .end a In",,' nf breaa ~f"9 .. cut by !llaSA. r hi¥lm, 1'r.;:: . llb!)I's ,md has ~n 1'i0~8d in 1 o'it;al Il'Ml ,boco.~ almr'.t';! the ~BdJl::crlal miDI'S 1m randenllg q-;rome. IJAlng FJ M Mel LCCoSc "'~!\1 I~G. In addi1lon. rofkK;U~s 11QV..: tesn Hdclec] to- ltl'il 1~!YI1d wt lere it is . 1J1~"ing 1110I)rwd, ~J IU also fmrn ~-I~ 1~8f')r ucorn The a~iticrl ot such rllllFl:";tion6) oI'Nu~s JIIlJJ>o:~san illus"tra.· l.:in ttt:"lk oomplOlial, lJw~ r·:e ill\J&iral('.f" Iftll,Ua e CGlrC)not 10 u'I'€l'do \hAm r.rplare lhern iii lhe wrnnq r'losltlon, Her([-pll1inted :!lnr:l snra'I'ad COT

s.~rony~~·11Ja8t bet\.'.'lHln

ru !jIm,

hallA

been placcd

on

!! !e

I:a1dl'lnn mr:;tG'lllc ~ 1I'l pU:;itlUl1<! "llft'll":l·ng the rrost inll;;!rl~~ ligt·li,

T iAAA n~ve not OOl3rJ w~lild· exe.. se tA9tl. but jLo<:1t Or'lOl.I';1l~ to ~dQ to thA rJ~I'r.3.~r. effect in ~hl;j I:: vQmoollnlsh I\t.,~ rJl~d and ';;lflouHl 3tlrt:ac€I of

~_lwre,

. 1"I1l100f of ble<.!oJ (]Ornbirres bf1lJShwhi~h ru.'lS·.!!M t«nJ.!~d, '·1 \,o'aroltn~ ii~.slti85, to 'b]J'B~Bn!h~ stClrtit nfgllt. On~ star ~o1ll hf,P'f) higbdigttt;::d by me u:;e Ql a

h\Urk '1.1\11 ~n8';INl~,

!'.'Ffl

1M

1 Ex:l'F

PST, OCT HGlILG. T !;IrQ Ho>LU, i~ 1j:;U'aeU ,tt~Mnr,! of p"I~. ·;\ohio tll<J.a been •.:h

aaer beam

con

ota

MAs~rnto give it rult ,edgE'-5_ B:I.'HhElI1 O'.'CflSPPA¥1:LJ .....ilt I !.'oVO Ihin'lil lTd line;; wilhin 111'01 pin];!:, i:l>I\\~cnU1e tw'a ~B'Jlines, ;;1:11 (JtIr~ '.... '111~1il1~·lehas bean dri'lVlm ~. crdPid ~l tI"\ti. metallic ,~uFf;'lOO with a brg~, rr~eI·lB1ld oot hlghlighL Tile t.aJ '1IJu~I·183. r:a this 1lI11:o.I'r,'ltiOO C1Ff.! ~ IJItd lirlO1ll'l l?o,"lf'MEtW.ng bo~h f Jjlg,:;S anrJ lIi"€ar Clemil ($ue .'iliLwa~d IM~r:H~l

I
29
--

---

-~---------

Enm~ al'!,(jJ acddents are lI[1!1!'101Ue <I1bte; It J.~ l!?,{~~e(o~e i1e.ces~aly to d(Wi~ qtjl.rlL~i'ld ~ff~tl .. ~ t~d;Lnj(I:IW,(l~ wbit:h UtH redif;f' tl'le sit'llatU()Il1 w~ttjo:mt n;rving to resort W i:I c'DIIllp.!.e~~ re-start, The

eX~Lnple JIIus uatedhere, an 'l.rretl~J.larlty In :the :'Jprr,~y quaUty, b a W~l'IIU()<H IU.i stO!k~',U:tiU~.u}' ~il~ rf'~TI~h la.(1;;or ,[on trO~, of . 1:iorne.~ime~, l:!i caused by dr:ll~d It
V~.lIU j;>~~'U~~,~~ b",~ng 1;;h;)w.n: onto i:lw Mt\\!'ofl<: rh mllgh pnor cleanLngu.fttt~ ilirbm~h,

QVr;:lp.s:prayi.fhl;J wilh Wh~~B 1 It 'NElSIrHer IO\;;~ to pruuu~ ~ PI~[;::l 01 a"l',',owK wilh sn!()(.<lh~i '\;Iftldated cclo- r;JrlninylFOlH ~[ll:l.:<;iF IUI'I s:.'m(;th Jf eolor at h8 rop to ;3 '.'fi!,ry !'inti ana ,slJh~~ stn;;rrj:jlh :ot ths trot.0t!I, HCi\'*.;a<', It M 6n180Ut nG"CB~ f)IFl ~rr:r

lhe tcnal gr '.lCIalOI~, l!'I(;l ",".00.

3 To tu1YiQvOth~ f~~uin.,.d O'Gns1ty Q;

!~

Lifting Wat'BreoUor W'1~n (,.-;.'lrrectlng s-"TI3l1w!ldlen::o orb;;1':OO "'failS ()f th;:; artwGrk, cotton bl,ld~, irlily fle ..... '1'0~{)I",o;'l ,61(:1 ~Int. If t'm color i~f~lrl~'strong. it ~y be n~$$i;If'1 to u$c. qL1,to a fcv:~ buds, e~p<:cially il ltll:~ If"W reOlJlflll;i OOJr@cam ml.,,<J 00 blDught cack to tha \t,·hltA of tha mlgl!1al S'.JrfaG~. Tr.<5 mAthor! 1'; I'Klt i'lIW;'!IfA Fl1f'Act~le
'''1~

rasp'!>1Yoc:!v~i.n l'ie Of igi!'!f!!1oolOr ~rl~r It II:~wtlile pElinl nas (p i\:lel.

8lJCh

F.~~, ,,&'f[)1r~1a;;e!y been made in the !ighW <:II'G::! of the sp '",Ylr,:;!

",m

~ei¥ltflOit .'l

raw, bar;:i'i;:s~ 'tt'$ riymflr.ts t.~CO!fle ingl'OIinAd 111 tl",;>., i'ou 1'aC:A. lis best rectriG~d to amcoth, eMina· tlo,y coated bCClID3

as ·'(.unr. b(":arc· mfll

lI~d

()n <I '~~I'Ui'Arl ~u4'.;I~I'l, Jrtl:~:i

,4 ,/~'hel' th~ WI;c'~ Is Il'lmm'I'l;i, ,hE! 8f'~t is 0: a 6~3i'! "'r'I;t~ (jf g(;'lfhtA:i color.

Remo'lli ng Color BI:aed In this e):'8np'e the paint wS... :)

~prJ.~'13cJ too 'NOt. Cen5CO;Jent~j, 0'1 '~U'0r 118i~r'Jf I uncer lI'l~ Mask rSGIj~ in;l in a~' ,;n~rOlhll}', r!'J.\;g:iid oo!J'iO, on ;'l ~mn0t~, h.."irn oo~l;:;.;i ~LJtiaQ;'l, i\1.J2,"

2 To "oc, t; this miWl .. 8. opaque ( ~'I11i,,~ Sl~r",yed acrose :he cor-ris

i:;''C:~8 ~~'clth 0: tho colored area

o:r

~oIil'!ing 1.t I~ ir I !;tt)!.JiQl il~, 'owl graul:iliny Irur I! li "" l)uHC' I ! to ar:pmxirHitely Hie' rnddle to "n!l.lrIrain t~.e o'igin;.ll grjl';la'..o~.

AnDIS eire b€<,t rer~(wed~";th OIn e.'"!' kr 1e ~".nel'lthe paint if, thOroughly c 'Y Referer.:::e ~C<J'C! a~o iJe t'fI9.(I~ to the technio.re of scP.~-r,.-it~C SAO{

-------_

- --------

--

---

DOT COf'ITROL
Ma ny people, when first j B~ro. l1i,J!cC"dtuU~e~hbm~h, helliw~ i~ ~~ olt'll}' (;!p~ble i:lf; .sP~(I.}"lH!l Ilwtlium areas and ~~not ~lIjl'~ble n.ne,d.cli;l.Lku W01k •. ~'If'ITty of riot" ro:ntml'exerci:5e'5 wW n~)!l nl)' ~ pwve th6m \"'mng, but """4f1~15o
Ul lli'[).!;Q ml'

bt:llld

1.!11l'~m m~l~nc~ and skill. in

!..IsIng tin e 'l1fir'hfji~I~, It ls a!s", good

P[~(Ji~-e tor iIIpplyi:og spraYfdrl nt~

Un; fl:ni~h.
!,mtler
DOT

;u~higl'fjl igJ1L'SIIQgtVt!: sp;ilrl.;;l~ ~u

alI 11 d!f.tal1i?n ll n!:i 5iT~ Hn!1, T11:~~ L~~hni~;u~ i~(;u~'ogn:~d

~H1~I'! !~'N.lr! m

the .ro],_

lOWjIli!!: $~~t~HrJ.

1 "'!o shc~V$ It ebeet elf so. ,)'I-~. sizS'd eets laid OJt inftvc- ()o.·i;;:Qn~J! r()w~ The control e$ 1[") aU~' n~UlIg to aO'l"Q\iQ 1i'il ~a! n~ ;diLl:: ard c810r inten$!1.y if" i:!<.it;h~pr1::.'yed :la~,

:2 H~'S ttlm::l r:'lW~ of oOts · avo ... .8Blm S(lr!'WAri progre$p~c~frol11 srna 'I ,to mMlu!T' to h:'I"G)Q- I;;.ev~ry A aN in the sequence ~',;Ir~, l!"!is ,o,:.::ends your corn-ol u; the Iluw cl rreo;uIT' ano ths :!is l<l1 01 th~ airIg!;; b-ush nozas ~rc'n 1I11:l buard ~Ur'i1JGfI TI acl1i~·I" the rigt It sill> of ja:.

3 fo inijreCiso ce-u o! (;1:.t I~ airb-ush ~I'd bctr 'the' ~r ~1I'i:~~$J';,; ohlfl(J Wr"tjurrt of paint OIlO~\'EltJ L'lfOugt'i ~,hm~o QQl~ hf.,",oIit ~~fl 3pr.;!~'~d ""cli'/idll",ll~ UI iQ ~1'I(;0i'TlD~S€lj In wrOJy~u~cir\:.:l~s, TIl€! ~ri:.'lll ~nnf com giveS a good indlc.~II'I,.,t'I,.ll·ho ~OIle Dr th~ or..q ~.'II AXAr(~ise

.:n

----

-_

r
DOT HICHUGHTS

The use oOt dot hLiil:tHi~hb is hCLlhuly valuable means o'f .!Idd.'ng:"thlltf~nlll, Hn:lshlll!!
Lo ;1111lUlLS

<L

pi.l'-

Ih(J~l.: surfaces "iind on edges wh h::h would Ii rrrm ~Hy 'mf1l~rt Ugh! ln such .!l concentrated war. They ~hDUld appeaI as an integrul pOl rt ()t' ~h~ oU'ieciand must l.llw,~p("()nfo~mrn the chosen {iirli1ct[cm ot th~,U",ht s~u.r,,:i,!"
Ort.'lCl'.!A 'hhlt~ Is thEOf'sprayec ::Iir.;cti',' !')v~r IhA rJr:ffi to dirfuse 'lie (')cJgc~~ Gl:llo!JOh 'n c,;"\F')A r...'lAAS this rr'a:y net no rK'Ccss..:lIY

LUll~iJJn"Higb tight5 must fihv'lously be used only OIl

t<m\;n

:l

4 The cCtnplc,to:l in~l!3. h;.'~om&au'Jen::..-;.a"

f..I'JllOOf, ''''IU"I the nrst s:age in thi~
SI'0~'~_':j

h!.:r.!~,1 Fe rrOf.o

r:mrnl::;x htj:lhlf;:lht delail at:hJ~lu::;lt;!1 'l'fI 'h"" rli"Iishl'l;l Im;:;;:J~.

On a OiJNed. [-flglI ~ To pi.-,k nlll ; fl Ad~A£ en \'I~' ch

£1.<11) j,.X' D

light v;'CI,llri ~ in;E'ln~AI~ rA'Il'doo to AnMni':>~ tt-"" com-ast cm~1 hree",.li!'nAI",,,inM: qWllrtv (11 ,he ",::i6~0r6 if' rr L~ iiiilma,tinr'i, \Mhl~A I lOS ha"o been oljr,~lch""rll"'lmD 11",;,; """ndlc6-. tt Qlould I:R notE'i'l 'th;o,1

u I'i;!S,", higllligh~6 1Jf;:; not snOrl' hk 1m lineS, t;:.... "t tcoor of' :ow.J!cl the i"I3'O rvw~! r.;oJr Of \110 ho."-'(IIe3. True i"" t irr,p::Jf II:!!i I, UI;;l~W t~c highligh:e must 8f:~r 18 ue vr I tlnd C¥! Q' the sar-ie surlace, 0111;;;' "(Jl ~cm'e distapc€i away,

:2 OpaqLJ§ v.'hite dots hav", l)",efl

wl~h !l h~1 in [9~le:::tEd J~h Cl'"I '1';')1"1 t~i'! f'r.ratch!'Jd m hiQ ~ ght~. T~ese arB PCf,~lnnA;i J" th~ point c,f tre 9 '?..~:eN iiVht r~II<:;'Jll<;:fl.

otaces

aprliA:i

On iii Metallic SUlr'iOl(:(I This exar-icle ~110\'/~ltl~ ",pplication Jf dot " '" t, ,ghts tu ttl~ l!:i',l ,:)1,w. '''DO:,. Th&~& r 'P.r.ffght:; are ::;.'nplii :tI'l1wl

;:-'lJrtts fI' rij:'~!l(l'.!A,."nlt@ spray wtlit" I gil:e extl'8 €P<~r'k!A ~0.th;:; AJGct of polisheo ns-t.'1I,

,!?,

-------

l'\or1l!Che and tEll'lk.er John fltpi:ers Dot highlighr:s ~terrost commonty 1.J!'iP.C'. 0'fIi ,<;t;'!tlc: ~uhiAr::tS; bl.1I this , illi_;8'tr",WYl ~OllstrOites an applk':anon wl)""f] $QoeO ana movement are Lo tie Srn)wn, &T)l,qI>JRSTS would 0(01 j~·lK:tiv~ tJigtlliytlt:;; on those areas

'Nt iere intense liyt II, would b~ f~'1OCl ed, but r:'ligtn t::;~'dlc c:mlllil;;t wittl th.: 3€me of rT'oVl:;i'TieI'lt. In it'li:;; sxarnp oS dot highlight~ have been lm~rl i1 'h~ cg:lTOir (If In~r hi;;Jh!lgtlts ~'JJth~oft-Mg,~ <'I!1r:1lfl::lGA·mi'i!':kE!!d nnee of OP&lL!e wi-r.1e I*,cling Ircrr tt."crr; rt the opposite drectton to that !f I WieCh tf1e ~13hiCI8$ a ro tr:,weling

No:

01

,V jCf;i~ t"'$ intensify the

lI1~

I!:'lOO r€ neOU(I'-!. t'-Jl

cornl;)in<.1liun

QUI'

tmG€fI.uale8 lh:: leelirr;J IJI ~fJ':'ed, This makes an interest "g cernparison to ihi2 racing cer s"o\'m on P1l~W 99, Trli'! body of th1! ta1~lilr is an irll"'l'€1".l'ing 'iilnarirn o~ thCl lull-cob' c... 'Or"'lE't Elrf~f.l'~rAc;I~nlill .lA, with the ~ldilQ~ Of a ,'efiemiG!''! cf t..e

cor rJD$sing it.The S"'"I is on exar=ple ot -HI±H""'ILl <it't-''''''IN8, 'Ntli!~ bCOSE 'V f~<;i<JNI~ 'las been J2U on ['Ie distl:lIll rfh,)1 mt::lln ranj:JEls_ SP.t,lT~!lN~~ has hl'l~ usso tel asrab .sh t€xtUF!OI :0 the qrc:l.lnd ;1';1 ~f:;'lf";;· and m tt',{j rCl&~,

:n

On

.:lJ1~AngIIMEd:ge ,n18 bOSlC cube has b08~ ;3pr.aj~C: wl'.h ,;i high 03$g1'£Q of contrast shadi!l\j, .

Multipi:BOots
'~-~0!;1

2:

lJPCif!f p.!;ln of a :Y· ..XJE:;·T is

rn1'.'.I.-rI l~Af()<"~.'lpr;lying tri~ highltg"t~,

A:' J'Tiuer IJ I IJ~;,..~ will"!.'; QOL~ ··'OI\'e t::eentJrug:' - ~1i.11' :,)I1lo '.t !I,' [.:;.:J leading ~dge; h'eji <Ire re.cluc::;;J ~iL~ ill a.. ttl(,,¥' ::JBt tunner d'h.l)' 'rCfT' tre (;::;n~ IAr (',f T1., hlt:Jhli:;:!hI.

2 To enhance the cC)f'trast snc to ~CI gJ.W'1), "' dot h''ghlight has been
~f...'f'''';'o!;(j Ilwtlol!Cl Cf1 [I'e n8',IQSI eorr ier ol lIlo; cul:';!-, r ~ IE:;: 'O!IE:;:(::l in"!"Iii! !

uiatel}' makes the '~J~!:;<J.fJ:J!:W! tc W ~nish€:d wtt,; ~ more rerlecrve uno hM!'Ih~~r RLllia()l;!.

3 To d fu~e the eelge~ 0' the t.10~f" tho highlight is ovO:"q:;,::;.y~-dwith opaque 'NI1ico.

----

DROP S~·!. DO\\' A

at u~1!t!} ~~~t 51:""([0\''',' to emph ;]:~fi1.t~ ~h~r.ti nr'.liu! 'dbl eet in ~r1. Hu~tr,~i

n~f:Jr ~hadlflw~~~ method,

tltm, bither w pm L QI to throw the whole ~~bj~(tl1IW r~I:'~LUle i ~h~.;1,n"'" areas can ~l~Q be L!~<.;~I ~Q a~at~ tb~ illmi~H different levels. Ikfer iii 1$0 tn r:,\ST :<.HALXJiII'/S.

Dr

J j\
I \

,1

,1'1
T

l_

"

\_

.. 1
:2 The CIRl'il'ina
iQ the." 'l'r.'ln~fAtr~dto ll'~ 11~~SLl<l~C'~OQt:frc1

IU~llngl Masking 1F~l:m 1 A Sit" S-~Ar f ch .. ra:,lEr~"M' "u~~u to c1er!lonf';tr;>;tAthA drop ~hadow (~ifO"~:, 03I1Ct Dort'! ''''~ c:har.:o~;tl'l' 1;["1:::1 its S.">JJ:XN~ (;[f:! dr.;1:Ml t{l!1Ath::;r In ;hOi rcquireo pp~it!On.

m~sk~~g n'n 1I1e dli:l.fdJ]li:;r is l.>Jl l"'llll, tr~ rr.a",,~s§ctiCr1 tlinyt:!u wU' dr<lfi"'0 t~j!", ~n(] PLJII~:::1 bol,;;k Itl lIl~ TiQ Of the ~rt"','O(,k,'TN; 6\()~8Af'l <.:!"Ii)!;;IUQIie trcn sprayed usn\] lji::lklllnli.l~1 gr aCi.a:e(J, 3fJil-(;ldged sripes. to gi\'e Ii. rrlE:'lli ~ ~1·I<lcl.

3 After c(J'.'er'rl~ lI~ ~\,J().'C1'.\'I1.h

4 Th8 hinged f'l8~ldQr ~leJjl"lw~;-:· l~' i~,~;;..o~!n8nxl j~,:1 the sh;;,::10w ' eu l viA Tni$ -~ ~P'Cfli8(1...i~l a ;lat. ' even Gulur to [;JiJC! Wf'ilitJ~t oC1wecn the ef' arli!.l.;·,~r Ii!.'I(.! l! li:l 811;;::j!.J'i.'.

:) Wh!i.ln U·!(OIn;;:quirco depth of 1')"" has tJe811 !i;:J ueveu. hi 'l·1O.'.:,.{ing -lint is c(][r.~'I5!l~~i rei ~IlJ~E::li,~Y';(oI!!ngl"e '

(;flSP, r!~rq "d~09

G'~ill"~;.ci"

~nc:

3:Jlid <Ir€bI ul 8!-!~:Jl;W.

15
.-

-----------

---,

Uslrrlg .Acet:;ue 1 The 8~ Ch2l1<JOl~i "M'· ~ used, but this timo ~~ll!l[1ii' i~ used as trrF.l mgskiny r 1I;i:H::JnJrTl.

/
/ I

rlm·~c.t", 'l'h~ .;lreel surrounding li'<i; c:h;re.t.ter, .~·t]ich i.~e:-;O(.l$...(l lOr e.prCls1ng, wl-,il tI'c~~r;;~lld::; rnesk 01 tr.::. character, sr'\er ccrteet pestioninQ_ il;; hlng~G [0 Hie tt.'P of tha 8.I1wor"l~ <l.~W"iUf 19 lurther LJSil Tha ch2lr.;lQllO'1 i~ sfjrB.yed,foll:w:Jlnrl ·h~ ~!>S 3lrle I>-~ ttl~ r"l:;'Rkrq rlm e~arrlpe \pa~!ls ~0"17;.

:3 Tha mi'i ~ fl<l(l ~f tre acetate mot;>l~

5 Th;:- ~ ,'IQ,;c}cOP'i 0; rhA c"\~r~(";,r;lr tc prru\!'lt::"t" ths 1;)I.;(~(;~iO'J Iif<BBS of th", .~W<'l\¥'c! '":hSir18 Il;ihJU~llr,"n~

ac:cr, ond UO!e ·Uft>;J 3~ladcw ar~i'1 spray'BiJ WIt! ! 1;01~ 1.:fo.Ief"! to~.:l,

"!\

2 Trt l"f'.'Iii:i;ain ~he OXOlcl ~!Iblpi:l'in

:"1'I,~(jCi-.'/ [(''Tn, an o.:;~l<!tE: t1la~k·is t~f and the, 8h~

flrm~i pJao:.:c.i eve' lh~ dr~,wn cheracOiUL"tf"l:Il8t'( c"t aut.

4 Uri OOITlrJle;i01 of ttr;;, l~pr.::l~~nof O [118 charecter, tr..=;. !."I1'oY'I' nsrt Of the acetata f'lf'i~k :,S t'AFI()'.'edand (CPO .sitionE'lri ri(rm'1'Nard and to tlw I~nIUf rh;'l .!';[:':r<!v---:g the; 3rOOJo,'. of

6-

When both :l".Qr;j~O\e !1;I~ks tlOf','[,; II been mmc",.leQ fl'01 r I Hie ar'.\''1ork, it w, J be rxrliQed lhal b<:c~use af.:l'lti'lHl is "QI"-WJ!·"~~i·::;, the amp Shflc:!:''IV".

s!igll~y son "'Clge~. In ~~ cases mrS -J;:M~';'l ! nay be preferred to the IWCH.Jgeu linish obtained by u;;;Ii"1l rr ItIl:Ikir IglilrT' ,
I"..::IS,~(;rl',lir.sQ

----

Oys~er Pete Kc~ly

An ~11\:;'::1.1\!~dr"(;·~ ~IKICI(.!'.,-, nos 1;"~Vi"1 11~"~' !. '"","'~'!;l~ .c 'i(;r\:;l<;,;:;;': !!;c (;:Jr !1rti~L t;~1".v;;~1! (r!t' I::!... ~' fib.'! Of t11e: ~hQII~."d ti1l'l ~~I:;;''.[i\'-'''::: (),,:- ·~1 i!l~"vJ~

rh", h;;!rj·:(1 ':;p.

.F

ERASURE
Tills
LCoO

ls a 1!ieneraL h€!ad~1 re~nlng n,g lhf;! u~~ t2i! e~~~~:r~, bO<l.h~~Hu ,~'ndthep~ncL1 ty[H? which 111~.y Q~ w~oo far mn~tion~ ~nd fu.r applying hJ,g;hUlthlS [0 speci[j,( ar~M, of th(> ilm'olOlk_ 'il'hh t~r.hntque i~ usually onlv ~[II!;;l"~'~~'fuJ. wlIen ~ppHec1 to illustra tio:ns wMch have been ~praye,cj Ol"ltp a hiUd, :>(l~u~U!-~u~t(;ld bn;:1l4, (![ [h~ type' mmmMllYIH@.d l'I'I '[i'!fl. prepMM.lu~l (.1,[ iIUk-li.H~ ~!:<L ..... ilI1!l~' ['U.ftl'le.]m.lme, it i~ h[O:l.;t a['lpli-~cl t(1 J.l~!.!~~r~l iUf'l~w.lI ~~:JIh<L"'~ 1::i~:!::J..1 1 lr this flX1lr~lp-~ ill ~pr·.erehas bssn >ip'a'i~, with i'I ff~Ilf hlghllnht ro !'flPrA~AI~t ~ n::lfi-r,(:lj!';1'B:i SI irf:'lr~.

~pril!yM Witn
beesuse

oj' .~p.ro!y~~ ~l.(:J~-QI~r l'~i uti ~ W (>Jo;'u('r'!i~ly d\in _ Oi'!, g(~I,JM'hi" fllid <It:ryh(('~pr~;~'cdmd~A;~:', th4i:llt i~, mni1,>(h':M\C'(' (l;f d;;rii~&ii'iig th" ~Irrruut lULri!l·~dm;. undt tL~n;:Jarc 'II)ve:rs,prayi!'lg vmh op~qlll(~ '~h i:t~ [$ Ll~ j}~n~r ~,rL!.Ill;;~~ ri:.ky. A~ 1I OO'fT{'H'i nn ~p("hn.jqw', erasure ~'hQu,kl 0(1 HmJtt:d to sm~H areas, Wllen ~Is~di10 crea te 111ghI~ght~! a ha~di rend,l-typ~eraser 13illy f~r t,h~ b~~!>'l, b~t'~lm: :it i~ ~m"

tn:~ !iU[1',~celay~r

1.~·Otre[COOOl5,

Tli:tis· is

~ible to manaea in
sha~1!lpeint

il

H";'I~oIn~b~y
COle

on theru'bber

which ....TII !ll"~ :gT~"l.el control, The ±inish varies accmd.~n.g ttl the
~l1:1CillL'l~

of ,Pl'I.Lm removed.

This

could .ral1ge from compjete €lKT:)(l" $ ~.r~ ...,f til.. wi!,'!", '-' r rf!<..: !;>L},~r~L~(, :v.pry mbtl-e higi;""iglrit~.~l.l'L'h "'~ WQuld !J~ S~~i"l011 matte or tmmilicnir1!'d ~urfa:c"'5.\Vi'~h cars, the penc"H eraser c(}uld also be used to en'i.1J!lKe co~lHasL ~~pcdaHy' wb~n
mLKh 0~

~Il~

dU'f~rmi,;~' be Lw~'1;,;~ i U!~ ll!;h ts

~11 ~1ar};~ III~:~l"l1?p ~n~t h1 ~'>; (*'~&. n ~i ~ ~lJI,!:u'-!ilf.'dj(;~tjon. v .

OImJ

2' At 'the f'o..'IL-l'IJ f)r::O.:!'IM f1'thF,l hif1hlirJhT, 'the (';Oi0f ha!'; t"'!~1;Ir, ,.,r~s.e('l w1th .; d'Cular n.-'t."")tIMi J$ina I> pent er.as~ It will be nG~edMel( tho amount of pain~ r('fl-U.'G..Q at thE'. OX1:rClnti$$ Of Lh~ 11ighligl'il b d~ONO':SOO. W lI1al U'IO i'cQI'.._gI'L i';;'cJ~S JrI~O 'lI);? ~as~ CC~"OL

There nre ot'!.::~siomwhen tmul· I iOIl ~ I ITH"!·b nuS "f H'nd11'Ti ng

ru,XtiJH:ttl surfaces with.
~I:I

ilurhrmh.

,~r,eJ"IiJil as efIe("t~~'Ieas ~ne would 1:"10pe.The use nf medium- to W~IM..: li:lbrij,; t;q;n,:mi.lp ~.ddHlum] oppcrtunities whtch, when
appH~ to an WmtrlltloB, wl.il glv~ ~ ~j.lIf<!!;;;:- twxt~r;.: n(J!~J ~~;U:l,;~~~In~,
kl~'j"JtiFif!hl'..

wi~h

Hw f~lhfi(

used,

3(jm~ U(j,.~~:prooll(e the ~li~'ri f<lbrrc weave, ~ud lhefec. n{t f{JJ(~ t:I~~rjm.e'JTr!llJQn L~ad'vhahle Il'ffQre~!pplytng ,I f~Ij)H'lUi!~.k ~il flnl~ hen sr+work, l! nless, of W!..l[~\.t! th ...iut~,rtti.{)n i~to repre-

S 7'h;r. &M!{nple shOws· th£> effect

USll1g 0 t,·ghref etTbroicie..-y canvas. wh~h en OJ l<'lt\fo! ~r~!i1 ral r 11>11 '-';1:;'"",[[ Oil IU l"g'Jo<:Jr. ~~'I r I U:J<::cI UI~ ~r11~11 ~

s~nl the specific

erre~t.Elesid~s

t~Mlt1J.!:a piece be~ore use, It ts III ~0 wQnh.~eplng samples 0.[ but b the fabric and th e ,~rr~y effect uom H rca future rd~rr..:-~J.!.i~. 'J"yp~5 ot t~brl.c sultllole as mask-

'1 In this Ch,l'110ns:r alton ul ! Ei.'UI!(J n'<L$~ing, u f.:1~IJi:lul I ·'~-W€I:iIVi:l ~I nt;)IL)ilj~r! I·i;l.uriu 111:;8 teen ~'Ss-:j,

!r I~U!Il!.' ~t IElpe~, WIll 1 the ~fJrl:l.y'''1! fl:!:;;lriuled lu sfJ~(;il~ I:I.fea::;" It will spp;;:ar mere randcrr anc 'lavA :; less obvious ccnnaetlon wlih tr,~ 0.·I(1ln",1 f.'ltlrlc.t",x~llre,

~n.grI~~It1'r~al~ ~ re those

WhJiC~I

llay~ ~HOpt'H w,~a'Veto a~low U1i~

Tr~ roS'5Ir'~in\l !;IJfOf'i~ld text, -e s a rn~ gr<). "~u, lJul even II'·' Btl,

.~P'f~J!'l'-d! olor to pa.s~ UW,)!!.Igtl <tnu c ~11"1ee1~tile tlbf.'K Tlw t~,';;;tul\~ milY 'b!! ~ppJ.h::d C'iVer large .~ln~'11 ~Je~$, wnl~h ~Jl ~tI ~JIJ.:;d V~·~ (,AlI]

0,

Ff,ndnci? ~ddi~V,! I.~~ vurlations at farm anc!

Tb ~!!"ll"j!~r~,~ 1 !1eed n I) L be used i'List 'b~C-:dl,J$(,; ~)f tt~ texture, lm

m~Uf~H.

the flay<,d rdg~ of Wrrl fabric also ,cJf~L'~ .,1,:1 I~J,~(,:'l:crht:i{:esult, A d r form (If f~(>M p~ttem could be'

WPllii~d ming, fDre:Xllmplt>,

~,

flgur,ed opt:n-~i;:a\~ <I~ ~~ci'~i It Q~d, f:J;~h!(lllfldgl ~:~~~~Llrr~ or il':ldeed i '1~, Ill~ um[]~ ty pes of .~ac~wJ:]len are

~i'{~H~ ble

Alm('~,ral.m~ texture' can be .!Irjih~q !lW'ei [be <~Ull.'iork before hL'.: I}~i~(t or 5ubjec[ ltse:l.f Is 'lflI~'Y'"1(I,N'lt ul'<llll' thts .requijl;:~

rhe p~~nc!p~l p\1lrt of th~ m!J~tr,~llQfl tl) IJJ.,: ~p'fay~d ,i.lt 11n opaque ,ml1-dil.irI'I hi rI rder 10 prevent Lh~
W!I::!<.: ~extum trein ~ha'i\rln!1!l l11mugh. Srn~ ll, connolledareas m~J tJ~ ~pr.~yoLlby ove'rl.ayling th ~ 2 M8~king tope ·i~'.r~Cl to ~(.:ur~ tho taoric OI\~un(J Oil! I\;Uf ~U\,li:l~, which a-so .. I~J'N~ U·l:! lirli:i'I€c art"~CrI{ lo lJe C~0' n~c wilt1in st'::lf>Jtit :tl:l. 11I;:~-edged borcers, H~<el11pi~A 0; n~(J,ep{.\irtt [,.Nl'J';]~. has ,b~n LJ~r:, ~i·.'ing a mnrs or::¥! .'InC! r.O.'lr.c;6!'· walmld ~hl::;h. 5 1', eirnplified chocked or glia pal· "110 result wl'Sn ~prOi~!r!9 ~llt"O~,] 1 '1,JgOilnI!Oii> OV!;i" iii lIi.rge croa.

f~bnc on top of a pn:;viou::;]y n~~: piece of m/ls~ I n g mr'l1.

ternis

The use of transpareut, seH-ac:lhl'~i v.' m~ 51:i 1'1 g

l:ml~,hing is' the most i,l[twmk. wh!{)n. are

fill'll in <~if p<lpLJl.a:r

method of pWtect.lng areas of t.h~ F'I n'l: nJ r,(On tly heing v,:utlM,;1j ~HJ. :VS<l~[':'ln~fi.lm L~
-!lva~lIIbl.~w'i~h i'ilth'~r ,1 m<lUe ora ~:l!J:;~ fiBi~h ~,ml .~~ mpphoo Orl it pro. tf.(1:iV(>h~,"_;ing'sheet, whidi can.he
!.!IM.;d
(1

Wm ~~ImV'-ta r'k,

to ~1LV~ cut mas ~8 lH:elv to he !E'f<c'lec1Jg~.E.i Th~ .uJb ~~~,,~:' en th~ L

'111(lVi.·'i 1 m,lsb; 1g 1'0

be pJ~i,;~:d tW{'r it elean or preV~OLJ3~r ~p~~}-"I>dsurface and subsequently ntte-d wlthOlLt da m ~ge t() ~~t~un d~tI~l.i~!:i Iljlltil;!Jj·~I.

Fleca:U~f.~h ~ f!i lrn h, r F~ 11~p~ n r, i'! r~ allows those ill-';;:~~ ~Dv(;'r~d to r~mai.n \''i.sihJe, 'Nh.ir.h i~1"~twmf'll}' useful when i u{lgi u~ ~hr: ~trcn~Ul of color a nd ~h~di n g ~~l",j st those areas n 'i.lfl,;~Jy ~PI<ly~iJ" It is also pm:;,il:ll:e to hi'!ilTl,nvp.excess-and residual p<l.~llt f [om Ul~ hIm by care~FuHyw~p~ng ()"i~'rLt J,o,,'itlna damp \,.-l:uLb. ~b~l-I~ VI ~b!;O'rb~Jlt cmt(l:rn, wl~h()ljl'(l.-fm,\~in!: 1:111:' 11,m",wr1. or t h~ ilr~tI exposed tor'

I~ ,t!~lllriJfli:il~r~i;;U grapt'li~e fJ<3po;;:r (Y [ewelsr's rclJQ~,

\0 ::J::JI:;rci U5' Ii)

2 ThJ<i drOl,\.,.II'r;;!

:',f,·raylrrg(rl:1h of course appltes

ng).

W~,terctJIOF Medilum 11 10 u::;--'H:lmlrate <3reasonably c[)p'lpex exarrnle, .a 'OS0 is .lJ~r..'IS ~he sUb:!l'~' rrarr~', ilrilt, ;:; qr,g'.... g is .~ r:r~p.::;I~ol"l flAt:'!1I r."'r.o;;,r, ClP.~hCl'M'j

ILu

pOlilLbwhi~h
'l f~PT d,yi

rernatn water-soluble

~...,' hen 'lI~,lng m.1~1k~'ngfllm, ~IwilY~ .-u~ it w.ll.h sharp, .nt!w bL''''J(,,'~! ~~ uIll ones qlJ ~c~ 1()~', t'h~'ir p.dg~ ~,ndl end Iy l o L,,-'~j" h~ fHm eutnertnan cut de~nl Iy thrnugtl ~t, (}i:fljl'l~ bm even pIes, ~!i.I ~~ i~ rcq ulrli:(J when cuttl,l11-':, to ~t'f;iir~ scoring Ule: ,~i'l\.\'(jJk., In UTetwo exaraples gi,\i('n h~rl(', pa.i'ljLLll~t rl,L)Jl~ dwuld bi.: tilkfr:i (J't t he stlqu.(>nC"'~l,~i'1'lin. ,1 ppking the l(~I~al t"<!H1:W~; UWY iU\;l iL(;,~'U:le-same rOt' t'ra,l'IS;p"lJP:'n ~ \V~'h'J(fl~('Or and UP'~~l!o.!A,; t~Lloi!dJ~. V.,'Hh <L trOl.n~p.a:~~n ~ 1 [11.!'dhifi1!, rill> ,-1@'j1'lh s~.a,deand ~(jolu,r ~~,bu HI' trern dark ~k) I ig.lTI' by (l"'f>r~,rr'l yi!lg liii! i'I Sp8 run L 1'ly~T~; witt] tH~' tl'P~qtl ~ medhun, U'I! M lT~i~ ~h '" r~ In<~de i.nc1~'p~!ld~'J~n~f. ,md. Ji~ht colors can I)f ,~rr~y('d nver dark if

)
}

or

-_
3 Tha transfAt':';::.:i :chi'." 1(1 ,y 1~'", ooam iTo, .st c;)nsist flf "1~~, ';'lil~1
(1, .t'.IF'tlif'B"., .o; thAV 'Nili ~

.i.~ll

urrcrl.

nc: (0", c;On-

"I(?te~i o!::1 t~atB::1 wher a ':nt rnediurn i~ U&::lQ,

,'0;,epor

4 ll~.;1r L\'.I>;.),I:<, ['U\I.!tI'~ wlm IliI ll1askUig fiI'l'l and all nnA~ ~ibing 1het¥'I\ .. ~ o'!1'fl 011' jr,to the filM ~

'( The final parte of tile I~ve:;:~o b~ sprg;}W 9,fO tll~lfgllt!,lW sI1<JlJe~, Al this :lit;Igo,OlII lI'!~ I~!!;l~k!l"iJ :.m ltUl I~ ... $ tl~~ b!:;€rl rerTI~cl8fl>;::l the e 1!\;Jlll~r lUI ~if!grl:nJalia["l::l Br~" Ei:>:I;ICI.!lP.!d rl~tlam:l,

9 "I he ';;(9:JILJI'l~nA (or 1'~ rOS"efollOws tNI sam~ P<3t~",m applied to tile l<l;w&.\ wr:rking ~'Oiri the CJ81t-;;es~ rn.'l('!~~, *I'$t, hlbwej b~'tll~ n-!WilJIf!

,~i'"id tR8n the Itgllter enos. I!! 1I!~ If{st sraoe, dt1lh shados <:)I'\;J ~~ I:lY.1:i'J in t~ ~'Ppcr pan Qla I!O! ~1!J"""'er.

5lh~ spri'J~'lrrg 6EKIl!fi~ b>pg~rw wf.h ~mf.l~i'LI 01 mm from tholG\~1 ~d1M~ 'ii/hieD 'Nill hJ'~"Qtl1e ci;ilrkeSl

m8f1e,

fl an [;(lmr~tfO" trf the IcaV8~, <111 m~sJ.;j."'(l f rn is !l<:R"JD"JW <J.no <ll1G~V niece i5> mid over lhe lo'A1o;'e ~!e 01 8!ti,."ork. All hnoo 'i;un()~n(,lil'g .ltl~ p:}UlIG of ths f!J~ IOIfO: U len [;l'A into tho %11,

:~ TIl!:! medium tOl'lE!8 of 1ih.e'eaves l ~I~ rtV'i\' "pray.;;d. Mas~ sections cut tll;.'flg the lirt."lS of f~e' leaf veins ffifITlVEd In ~...eqU8r';;e to g~JC hord~ <l~a.t Of !Oral grg,j"UQn"

1 (I I he tonal V"'llJ8~ . .'lnrl f(";(rr'l are b'JI't up '."Iith tt-A :o;pri'l~~ngJrGgr= ;

:rg nom ~ i~ 'urU"est p@"!i'iIl~ those to n') l!~ Iv::;groum.L

llHt:: I !'!~ {,'v"IB'J euges g1 ~lle

p~t<ll~ <Jf~ ~!.:m:J:rIi;!:;L~1~0 !>;;!1(,""'/"9 U-:.;; ~~l.Iu~n::;<:! uf.!fk lu lil~JiUI'1 \0 :;(,i:' I L and wurkinglrorn It Ie center 001'N1lrtL

11 -15 n!lO! Pfl;;C~8 I:" ;;0' ItlllV:!Ul, W!'1'1 tl ~ f r.;,r.;;i{ ~clim I:; I 1 bu in ~ GQ4~Jl;!n!.Je IQ t.\1~.p", u~'~e!ur::rer 1\ 01 r 1h~ r! I~UIUfp <lfl(~ lfi,ll."il stlaues.

Fino.;I. tho rcmo.l~'nQ ~"Iil8'{ing \ from tho <;Jlto.\'Orl<;, 1'I..';'"DCilingi:l o'"iq:itydoflrco:; 1Q~8" 19
~I!TI o IDMOved

----------------------------------------------

HMS W;]tffi~r'~

Ga",CWk

~tlgi~e' room, 1 1361

ThlO1hr~-pOir It f.Jef6pecli\.'€: illustra1~1 1$ a reooHstrudicflo of tt'!e ~ngin!'l 1001'11or tll~ wcrkj's firsl imn·hLJllq' \!,lIirShip, I-IM8 Warnb!', :'lnd '''0It. o~rrmmcnAd for 1M !bQok The l'mmiYIfli W~m'o,. he purpose or T 1M IJI~lra~ion was to explain the loy cut ard an'angemcnt of Uw er!gl1e '<3!id oondeflser IrJ ~'eI~!(.:4-~to ltl!:ll part !ttha $hip·s hUll ~~~rUl]turewtlich conl<tr I~d 1I1en I.

Rill' drawing ~vag u::nstn.JEtl'lrJ on trolQlng papsr uslrq ('..()pIA~ nf lhA o,MginaIAdnil::l~'~ ;!l6,-fl~tOOdr,;.ft3 from rha 1~1r~19,h N&ticnai Maritirne M I ~f'j, 1m <1;1) n:lfa-enca, !t w&; then tran~ferrced! onto C81 0 boord, ',~hloI1 i~ abard, chioa cI<:i~ Gl.,Jrrac~:j t;:ver<J 1d00000ly >;;uilr;:.dlo bull'! ~irJ.J[!J3h and nrM linG;!'NOrl{, I t I'ii: illustration 1.'183 'eflC!el~d pnlTlIHil}' '.",th the a rhruah u:oIil'(Jtraflspar6llt and QpaquA wat.:rcoiOi. 8~~.;],dh~stvl'l m;¥:k'l"lg film W-'1i";,~sl'ldIhr(llJ!jhout, '.'lith tne I AX'f:Ar'lliOfl or the bartds, of tone run

nino $Ilong the copoer steam pipes, j r~~r:~l;Li\'~I':I'It was L"lere'or~ cecidsd ~o <OrwhiCJ1 cut pcpor [eco .£.U:.: ('HlI!t ·~lr0l11.i cast jlhacb0.'~. ,.sirq d1'ln.;Fl' M~£1'~I"'-::lmw;;k.S \w ~~-;;W, ur~!N8-IN ~t lades only to aid l~qihili1't', In ;;rI(jn:ion W8S CQrnplGll!ilCi U:.ilr!y <.!. fu!irYJ pen er'ough CGntr.:o~l nan Tn h8 Et'IC.Wrl <:in(J01iine ~~!JI~ tJrusti. h('lt~vA8r'lthl'l mMtA nr rDugh-5U!iaeocl ~au~e 0' the limited nurnhar of r..'l:".if'(l~,r~'lin·.eG!)!8.Ghon the 0(911\01, colors usee to paint th9 EinilinA ?,rri the pouereo cocpcr s18DmhJip~~, room ilSl!lf, qffim C!l~ '.'I!l~. r:eMed For tre fermer, s~i:llIe Gr~DA,t:~ G~u:~of ',\oMAnsrr;'l'~lnn 11:) ffi",intairl bo'h t~,:, blue b1('lQ11 wen,! U~~U' wl1il!;;lm the c.r::ntr;;l.f';t<lnd 1M different panes of pi~~~ U'OS\.,.1'1[[<1; ()I til!:; buani was 1he oC!~ings f,Y many of ~hQ Qnginl;< Wro\'~:;.:J to ::it iewtbrcuqh tt-l€I tran~rar~n' cornporents. and ~ho '.vhite strucC()QL im::reasir'g the s: '€ofl(1th :1fthA turo:l dctO'lil$" The(;e hw ill !f.i0·t~fll tWJhlqt\ts, <:in<i0l$ ",Iii;! tJi:J~![;l:llly l;lauk and wt·ij:·E!

..~-----__;,__ ~-,___:_,.....--'-~

-~-"__-.-

a Doth ths :ii"it:'lll t'l.'lr.f'tr dr<fwing a"1d thA grarft"it~ ,~oSl'· Oil'? rel118'/0::1. ~h(w.~no 't~ transfenlOd dfL'l'Ning of l'hfl f!OitJ. The nes If] tt-s clj'[J.~,ng',~III hA grM~:~~Jly conceelcd I:l'i the SPlt!y ltg, due 'to tR.eo;oaqi..C q:..<1lity elf g:Juac;lyj.

Gt'l-tFaGhe

Mediiui'rl

~oro i$ to prod~~~ 01 OfcC" Of ~I <[",.,0' I~ ~U'",il >J .1:1. I!ag '..... Sl 11" nl(J\jtillrl~I:, !til:;; Is dr8.'.~T"Ilirst in penc 01"1 (]\et<lil paper,

11 Tre intertfor

2. Trg

dra~\M'I(l !1:: 'trOin~f"'fl'ed tD b;)at\."l I J~lnq ,gr.'lphiM ~per.

4 A fJie[,~ 01 masking 'ilm, slJffiGll'lfit l:J cover :hOl imag('l ~ ~d 8urml mdin(1 area, is ~)laG('Id (}\'!Htl~1'l <'I-r~V(';"k, 'rO!1.;:Y,!.'f¥.i hy ~lJr~ ~0' "r elJ! "~f, of both th<:; fl.'lCi :'lnd ~t.~ffThe mask SCC)Cl~

0" tI-~ lupr Ii(.:.sl hcnzonlal stripf<l 0' li'", !11:l!J " 'Ig.:c' with draftir.g taps, is hll.::c· ottand pL.ikKj b1l(,,~ w thMlqhr, T;1;;:~xpo..o;~d i'iFEi'l S Rr'?IyOO i1'\ ~~' FTIi'ldiumshac;l,;:: Clf I'l'l<i. ;1io:;. l;'l '",,'0+80

as vMi(';~1 hands. of COler, a!bwing f'l¥';idual spray to create areas of Itghi:er Shades.

5 A iJ:OIf'~l;lr:;;; 'QUE:: o! fe~ trest,

I~

0·\·""-

3fY"'Y::;.;j I)!;;;<;l. ir IOfel>sin!,l I.t!e con

6 nlC !W!~!~ tre iirSt e.tri~ cf for color 1$I"CI}'aced. and ~hc lowost slr ~~ s l !i!lgS'(J, !! a~d O!i iiJn(j pul!l£j(J l)l'.(;k It: l'l~ ri:Jlll. I tli::; ~ . It"rerl ~pra:,,(-)(j 'n Dlue:l:J create 1',~
1"'18dlum·glrl'lnj:Jth arifJ p..'l11l t~nfi~ .

., ThA fl.'ir":An'tl~1'l~~. .'Ir~ m~~epr8";e:! foliowinO o:;IO~:-;lvths- 'CJ~t:.cr- ,~sh~)li~hcj

",it-fhe

f "", stnpe

an1P 1't11]C~..r~ t~1 t! 'IZ 'O\"'f;" stripe Is rep;lQCd_ ¥',o tlW lu ~l f;i .. r: Qf rhe rope i1[lliio.,'!j is '2J<.POS(01W1.!!llJ o:.nraved

'.l ! t!~ ~e~'0I"J part 01 the rop.e::, nearest the observer, is naxt to h~
S1]!OiYOO

·W A of th1l iDp'3 i~ no ....' rA"mfl-sl<;;::;c: ~",1tntr.'lm:p;m'lnt taps. f0. (lv.'lna whlr.h l·hFd'.'lqn;Ji~ is Ilnrni'<5i<€ri 'lnd

---

------

nlMM}'SKING

nih!±! pu!gi~ IENT'<l$OO with ~~n~;;<;Irli;Jlt l~::; arlu LI':'i:: wt"!il!;f, lnidD~ :;;[I'i~ ur HUl nag ill e~pooed, ~CQ91hRr \..r.tr 1:hfl "M ilnd hlua ~rp):jK A t;{lJ€l-nrOlV gG(I.,)r;h;:iml~"

lur~l~ r !U,W~pri"J\:.'':o 0'j~j 1;111 It ![e~ ::;\ripe~ ir! v~r liO<JJ 1,;;i!J! !U~, t:(if!t;lill!,l1J I~ (tlree (."~l::ml lUYf.i:H ier <1m;! ~;II::tttil Ii ~J. ~rtimJo[Js d<!lp1:h :If ten€! to U'€1 v.'hrllfl fl;:l,(;. Dc.lHJ1Ie Ma.s~i ig r 8e~-a:dhG!:sP}e m.MkinQ Wn !roex~enS""",:. Itc:;,~be w:;:~tef~11to use fiI!'r tel cover a 181'90, cxt:;:!'!s~)e arm. of 1I1e ortwork, csp"..ciOllyif the section '9C1'~.Qor-cd en h;;Qilly asmall port ul lIl~\ !~.JI~, ii:viJi::i w~~.ki!,)~, !u del.G.~ paper or ul:\~\r-iu\J~ fJ<.!p~r (;"lI"i be used "0 pretee: H'e rr<:ljqity 01 ths mt'bDrk from rilsict.,al spray, wtt) f -n hAlfi;:J ;'!pr.II~C: flf'.'l to 0e r~10'j,~n1'~rA~ of ('i~1\~II. II' I~,mpr;rti'lr,l to , I (;~Il ,~ hGM in t:\<'! r-~~ !"mAr rI'\'1Jl the are...-=. ro ,bEl 5pr.8fet:l. br::.C.;lIJ¥. f.l.'f·firicll\ speee IT"x,t be (liVen to allow the r'lGl~h:~~g :rn to stick :0 th.e ,3>1f w(Yk. It i:o; a "','h"il'lty I JR8d ~~ch.,quf! ~nrl n"..'iY I-F. PiPflliFl-:'lrr: rr .'IFI'~ (If mA Glr~ teG"'nIQ~ or m~_~k(in ",Fir spra)11l0 clesoibed el<,.,~\'1iere in the cook, This l::nc..togr.:lph SroNS the ClPP I i;..,;!(.w 01 'JI"IL)t;lo I·n.d~ii'r\;l. A s111,;,,1I
~l;;lJEJr~ ~~l;lil;r 1 I:'> I,~ t;~ ~[JII;I~'~. The 1:!.,l,wu"k j·!X:l!.Je;:;(1 tJu\,'ii:t~:j '1\'111'

paper with I:; re'~l:af!g!Jlar t !Dle GUI. in the r~~proDn8''il pace, rv;!:I3kiny 'ilp I ha.<;th~m bfl8ll o\l¥.lfl~,clai'l',j thE; rAf1LJlrAd sh~pf'lGU: 0.\ 11.

'12: TI¥.; mi'I;;;.~inri fllm I.Si"Etno~"'(L

fl~r:)sinn lhA (iF"ii~hAfllrl·'.I.'f:lr~. !

Datapo~t Ford Eooort RS 1600i PaulShi'lke6peare This landO illu~'lio;ltllJr I, r I1~t1~unr 11,1 (1 in x 5';;1 iJ' 1178crr )( 148 cn'(l 'Nl:lll cri'JinBliy cern -nissioueu t;y Lll:lll:ipoat to W\'lSrI1se ooth tI-li;! 81111:>1'1 fJostl:!.~service and ts raeil-.g l~i:J,'!'1, 1W<lli oroe'lJc~rl 'Nltil tr,~ 1 ci:)~~ ccopetation of the r!lr.lr_g 'l'a.~1i' 1"ll:ll'lBQers, the rmrl M(",1'1)r Co Ll.d, ar'lj r:lichard Lnnqm~l1 Racing, trc orgllnizatlnn i'A~~""l~,il)le'for convert in>! tha h;:;.~ir. Ffi.COll mocol In10 ;;r. r.'lr.ir.a csr, ~~8 triot spec;fl~iJ Ih,,"l l'hA %J51rmion sno~ C! S~IUW l' '()~e ,:1f<Jas cf :hc oor '.r.'1 l Jid r lej ccn111.'i hT"1 to a slilI IU<UU pl"-"odI.'Ctbn -.::dOI, WillUI explains why [)nt,. IImi1reas I'lt;;.;e be8n GI,ITav.'?'/. '11-',;0IlIu::;lralicn was a'JAntl j;:[I~' f'illrCha:,o~! l.'}<' II'e ratriGk r7.lll!';<:";tc(ln,

applDxlrnatli1'~'

no ..

Bifl nil~,;Jtlli'n, Eng arm, V,'tJ.i:;ffi 1 i~ I '0:)10' on 0 ilpla'( in this nr.v.'l't~I)',JLJn museum, Orc€! tha r.~nr.1I nr.'lw<'i'" 'wM c:omrl;:,t;:;.:i, it was trans:o~'co to L >'iAn' -,o;moot .. ,3urfa::'.Gd ', . t;)'cQ~';'1 .n ra~r ,,,hiGh had been d!~, n";'I.lIlI~:J en 11' afOr ito, This p'o"G.!d I.ln~<!ll~l6!uTOr'.'as a vohicb fCi ;)il101'I.,J~tI riO!It.!;;fing', because thf;J fll:,J""mvi lhe psper '.'JD.Jld 11ft',\,h~11!,;V<:;I It re r"lasking f~m ....8$ r~' I t:)'/1;"J, Il 0.'1>S 'in:;;.lti rJBf:f.-:ifl;1 ' [u ~11::J"U\Jraptl :h(,l crlqin~ I"IFlrt:1I url:lv,,'ing, lro'-n \I.'hlf,~ .'I l.'l 1'% , grayline [::rint '.vC'l~ ffi'I(;\;'; ,~nd 'Jr.'-r"JL ~t Eld c:n m.'l:"l.)nit,o" This ga\'o -[l sound i'in;1 ~."t"t:)~~rh surfaco on 'Nhich Iv ulrl' I Ish, .3lthcugl1 g~2.;l,:, Ciiln;. 'j.'tl~ ne5de:1 when CJ..!lling I 11:l~k~1.0prevent :ho hli'fe IrVl' :.JIJllin;J loa d!'.. p e and th'<lr~l;y iJ1i.1 f1I:!}~ing the I~T,ir a;10' I ol 1I-,;; DI'l:Jtq;r'Eohic papar. A

lli..t.'o. ~tx!'" Cl 'ioifJf a.}1r III \Jf' phctoqraphio PO!fJ~r WI:!.';l the ea.'le ".I.'ith ~'"trioh Ii W~ JJu~sible tc rtifTiO..,..g ilI1:,' CQIc- ltl1:l1tlad rl)'! or STIR rnisli:.l.'(~~ l see l:ot':r-.I::c I' :: \ l::.uw,Ir;;JI::':;,' Because GDI,ac:hr'l, W" eh is ',..;atEl'·0~F;o.-:i, Wil~ 'hA ~yirrcipal rr 18.::11.. rn, the ~I jrr~r,;o- CI:l1.110 be cle8T,sc I..!.slnfj~llrfllf..31 cortoo, This I~'t t"~ s., 'i'8(,:A ii"l i'~ orin nal condi tkm ~Jr ~,pra~'ing, ,~ No pa-tioulcr pfobIQI>-I~ \·r.,;r~ enccuntored n 1f1~~fJrQ}'irYJ prncsss, ',','r ch oog<rr I .,....i l' I those areas ~..Ir. l~'i;;:'>ll:W'IiV 1"or·1 tl!l ch..sP.<~.'Armr! ; ''-; lhin IhE;"CUtaW!1ii ~c:rl(':(I~" The t.x;.:::i}' cf tl!l car, ',,-,itr, ·th!'>exceptkm d thF.lI!'ltt!'ir1ng, fI,lrtOOr", and ~.~ OI(QI~" t:o!'lC~mA, 't'j') .'lll intents eno 8Lilf:v,,;e:>. ~ hl!1c,k-and-w'1 to stUdy, 1!"':'; 1~lel:!."l :h.,,: ...nJn CIPIY'i'lfg color. \,l'!:;dter control wo£; i'~Quir~rJ lo e""~ure th ...
partbJlCi.1'

shape

\!;laS

not 10$\ one! l' I~ cunlrast

'i,'a~ maintcined, ~\'I~I l'iO'lerenc€ boing G:;JI1$lOl!'!lIy' rr cl(;<1 to areas

already $pfa)~(.:', II';; lQral valu!i;.;; cr, tI-c body ulU',e car an:] :h811§1t!lrin;:l h",u ",I~u to ce kept in rslatlnn to ~I:lUi I vtt1f;'; 8sr.Clcial~i 'i.'111'lt'-'l 'I'r~, ctl8.r'ig!hl dlrsctlcn ~nrl 'N"f'e theretore aff~et!'irl by '~/l.'1nn,o,5 in rhe ernnunt of I gr'l' reflected '::11 them. Th.. ~rf:lM rJQrnraJl~n';;;ibl(,J tl'!P:':u~11 ,'e ~vindow8 were (;,on:lYOO 'NiH I It I~ 5~f1'10 $tre ~9!h 01 color as th€! r!'i~~ o:r 'J1e (;1:\1. 'Nt'len completArl, rhA ',,"'IrooW3 WOlril cV!'lr'~rJr,g'i!'ld '.16 "10 l qJaQ~~ 'Mllt;:;, :11 IT kF.eping the density Iii.JFrtffi 1'h1'!effoc: f.1 sorni tF;JnSp~ffinl This M6 had ' 0' effl.i'~l

o· k'Nf'l':KlN(;

B.M)K.

whO! is $10~n

I'hrcugn the" ',','Irdow$,

~pp~~". even, :i'Jllt ~h,ade ['jf eolor an by ~L~m.l"1:I:~u~hpt<l~,;tLIX b r:I~ces&l1y before t11~ r",slJhs, <lre
[l)IT'f'Ptllb.li~and wUhmlt l!:HeJl1hh" I;:spe~uaUy \... ·hen us.l.ng ~~~ler,wlor . (lrl gf:luacl'l!~, Th,B .!I:lrlm.L~h slrnplt-

While ~~h p.ed~Uy pO~:l.~bh::O l

'r:i~ tJ:ti~ pr~~~, ~lthm.lxb, it ~tm teq!Jires p'r<.lctice when ~pplf1n,~

f]!;!tsoadeol Q~ cf),IClrwh ~eb. need to hi.-.: ~r'UL~"p,u!.:'i1ll,;lr U~"ushl,c\.'riL Wh,(/'til,a,lllpl}'lng tfan~p<'l:reL<lt

""~t~f.~oJ(m. Hh Hw iliibnJj~h, it w

~J"!J ~m~\:l!J l

ti'lt~"gh fine ,~!jrbriJ~,11"!'11 a~f! n:mh ~tu,[.t, toO r~~~''Pm sttripe:~trom ~W~~J:j~~g,he dlstance the 1I11~1 h1l,i..~hi~ hl'l,d ,~w~y fmorr'l the ~~t'~lQrk HLUlit ,~bolJ ,~Wal.[l~(.I<n~ L.~i~t
fill ~VtJi,f,1",~ ~r~~iot!~~n t(ln~~,~ v,~hl1'_

I~t'i:.~~i1~bl! t'h.rlt th1! ~~rII i:t':I<~iU~ of ])~ LB l <!nuw~~

H.1J .... 'U'ii~[, th~~d ~tfl~' n\'f'r~~ray tn

V~ nt~!!ic ~,I'I

y impr;>tf~c-

u~ b~~ug

~ju'llS'l.h)~::; giv~ the ~Ld)r~"~hlh~ ~.&P ,nVii,'f hi!nl~i -Pi'! hlliti n1) A~,"'I 1i:!l:h!Ji{Il1~, th~ ~'Pplt:mtuun of .nat WLie lSL1j_~eHly ,1,e]lIled to .Gll.'o:I)AT~n ,!,fI".." ~n(!A ~ ill'! e-)1erf:iSE'~hOL11(1 romE b~fm~ ~t"

l !lIe 1lJ~.i:.! lo be ~prlil'l!i;\d 'Ni:i I OJ :I!:ll tons hag tJ~er' rrlask.'i:d and Hili: spraying prcceedsfrorrt ths tap to thlil h::lttom, passing thA il.!rI:'o'l.mh 'rmm !'.V:lA ,t(l ~rll'l rNAr "hA m;l~kM .ve.:., ~t!~)ai'""",.\!f acf.}!$Gtble to .sf"",.. !irclfinisn tllC'$I";;iying 01' M~. m85!~ingfilm. a~ thl~ ensures t~o.~ tho Dolor b laizl b'!enty at the c~lges of iho masked SI1<r~C:,

2 Q"llnr.lS 1'l[.'Jcl.,allv 01 JI~ up fClII['i'j~· Inq 1'hFl SarnFl I:lmc.A~S url1 thfl ~ulFArl MFi~,'ly hAA l~Al¥'i.'lr:hll'lv~c. .. A LI~ II mE'!:noo fir Mflll"ltfllFllrq an eVAn, 'II"'!I' c.'Cllor .,!'; tr: 'h.m ~hA :'lr!..... 0i'k 9V' ,afi:er e;;O-I", lajl$r or ooff;tr hOts been 8WNed, This a.so nelPs to ~t~")i(l or Gi::~~ Lip CIrri s:ripes ~~11!ab f"1al' appocr due \0 ,1l'ClgUI31:~DltJy

ing

:3 Or
t'le

CClTr,Jlfition 1'11",>;tI~in.CI film

o...~t'llIliv

,~

..",

rOUND OR] hC~ MASKI N(i

Th.e ft~llctinf'!·of !In tt>.t~hniglle-~in iiLi.rbrUliI~ln~ js ~(J' .mi ..s: ~t~~;iv~. t

re.~!)~t. he lechn'L(al mesne of T b1~iti.evi:ng I~;s~. H ]'eS1iln~:~~urilm· pon.ulJ'L if ~he !UuS U';:IW,rm ul~~lf1~
S11CX'JP.~~flJ.L Tltm.a .... th"'~~f()W

.::O'mp

OL~.~, 5urptl~e to sQme~o :t'lnd. tr.ltU[~ifanr;1lnd~d ma;ru'tt~d~ n!bi~t~ h~j't'Jgll:«,(j ,~.~ U,}<1sk1i,lor SpB~}'irL!I:. 'rh~y Upo;;'U up
an ~'I:lt,:mtliM!' ·~ri~~yC1f 1~;l:1~ ¥ I rP:';

mw I.trl,ag~ whid.~ i.H,; l,ul: to ~oqd me lin I !111~tr~tinn. Thr~ ro!lowing dl;,';l:llumh<J:tiom ill~ j't.IJ~t <I
~!mlll~.~!:l'1pl~,

~""! ~

Wh~n oolle-:::rJng :'.,!lmp[e o'l*c~~, e~pL~.l~Uy HdWr~lun.c~, al...... iJly~ ma[.;l' $!'111' n~i'YdQ 1101 hold d ~rt 'Or tiLl~t i!f;'(Sitl:~~d~Jn~ll::irt!!: amt m~.r~· 'i ng t'hf' 5~Htace of the ~H\~ork, :,nm!l;" (lift [IJ ~!!iln!!~tLri~mfncd, wh!chWr.ltukld(!l\ld~n II;,~ f~~",h ness aud qt~.lity ~A~h~ t.ir~j;stle~l artwork,

Twigs Tru:: 1I51~ of th~s tW1Q 85 ':'1 rnoc:l..;: 1"\:.lG. PIl;)OJ.lCQO on Qff'Xt ~irnil'Jr lCl :.J!cJ ~aH ier Of. f_;001~ili<y, ITilift::le '~~infr\g, I~ W()ukJ bi-l irnpos~iblf.l to sihlulatfl thi~ eJIT.,r;t ~( more ~twer,tbiW
l"'lAAn;";,

Stalfl!lS A Q;)1I8r-tlfll"l :)f 8T()r~£ ~.'I1'. h~f'I lald on tr~ art'.I~nr~and '1";~n (1'.<p.rf'..flF.'lyA:1. ThE:l m(")1'{"Jcw.'ld"i <.h:,w5 ''''~ .,t{1nE".a ~,fl:~'110'; h[\vc, ooen , l'5IT0"\0IC0. \i'~i:1l t-o ortcct on t-c orl'NorK l::cing 81~Po.'Ylt it li1elwp of me Qlotun... V'fi:t1 Plu:)[i~, tlnO 1.:l0~$ oV ~y IntJ.,(irJ\,l a tea. ~I'\€€t 'Ilrst, 'i()~If IJ;.YII: '~jH'lat :110::stores can b.!;J uli:;.ced "8~t positions to a-:::hi8V;:;.'l L'I:;n:icular oattsm ()' t(lXi'.m>..

leaves
In t:'lis phmc:q~r.h ;OJ IFlafhas b~WI IJSA:1 as a maSk. It<; jqJod outline rrOOuC$6 a. f;;'1clorn repeat panom

50 -----

-_

--

8r.:lllches A pi= of P!['!lJ'brand1 is shown "...iU', til,;.: repeat patte-n aG'~€-",eo try ! r !(wing Il *roo$ tt1ebooJd and 'over ~f.X~!! 1;,;1o I,)I.ul:j up U..;.LG..:luI.Q_, t

Fcathef$ A G!.Jb(h';: O)nj (J .. licate ,"ilCG~ hOlQP09n 1;Ih!!i~v~ 'Ni(tl O! IWc[J:~r. 1:11i1';)~USI;';I of lI' 11:1 If~!lllW~! 1 u It I\:;! I:I,lllir u:J!1 ~f.~Uf, it is pu::;slollii ttl repuuuoe even ~u~i! al '1;:: ~ollX.tUn:l quite accuralely

Bark A I".trlr 011rAf'! hf'lrk hi'lR L~~f'!f'IaSflcJ hflrl;t, "r.j bv I'.lighUv rTr:)\lli~!1lr ()"l a P~l0t 'rom tM ~fl, ,,. 1'~(Joot I'l;';ll'ten is [l.chiC'JQ':l ,..... hich [;.PPQ(lIT', to i&"" oul g,~,ji,Jo.ry, The ~pr;lying has beer. r~'3tIIO~'iJU ;r I tllI$ 'i!.:':Q!'1P'O VJ 'the top ~UIJ'" ul l' ',~U;J.r I~,\'Illl'.OIl 9 'i'S'~ il. ·[lOm inler~~tin\J ~iIIl~lJ.~ll~
5j

Th h is'~ ~edm1que requ:h'Lllg much practice :before' It om be used dfc,Lu ... y OH [ini~h~'d d
arU·\inrk, h€l'aILL~~j~:~the Hrr~ S4g,g'(.:Sg,.WJ m<!~lo;.:; M~' uM'iJI to ~id

Hl~ illustrator and all corurol lies I."" the hand .• It t~a skiHt'lh ich ~huIJ1~ be ~(;~~u~n;d b';)l;;'I.U~l: thurc are veT}' few occasions in rllusnation when some lIppac~tLon of rreeh~nd ~pr~ylng J:~ llul needed.
Some iHmtmtors have de",e~oped fl'~~h~nfl spray,ng [C.' such a h.igb 1<I~:>ln:lehat all (If thetr W{)~I.: Is t hm~d ~p'ra)'ifi,~ will ~:lw,fysgive <I sett ed:l/le wh.ich .L~ not neressatlly cCiInpaU~te ~vHh all ~ub,""~b, ~~iJd i.t l.~fflf)r(l _gQt1J1?'taI rtattit':& N"l lAiMk w ltlL w,,~lo;~whkh ~1~fiH~LwJi".iu" i.:J.1I1~hares, lm,~ to UI ~(~ ~rpE'1n m:1·d ~p'f8yh~g' [,0 develep hmn ,,[I,Ll dcw:u 'wJthJnl:l~e mask~d ,~r{'~ ~.

prod uced thls

W<t

y. Nuwcv~r, Eri.;\:·

Freehand SprQlliny Witt1!rl

2 lhe de~h at com is graduali'r' l:uilt up ~",,~"Iy H)r'l ''Op to hnt'DTI, a Mtv;;liIe~ Stlep"" 1 A nsat iiiln::1c::1~n ~nc::il dra~\~nl1 ~ri'fl::;Flr.tln~ fabric i~.P!Bpar&::J .<~ing the detail tc a rninimum. Tr<s oocld C~ drlil0i1l uri velblil paper firs\, \!/Iw;h al!ow::! kH curre-:.; LVi::; to OS' ''nfW:''i:Kl';tl::ll [f'i:: st~ looxs Qomlr I(;ini,l. cr, I:;~ he:I1i, st'r.a~~ oota -rt
!ill\! t;low·:';! f~r SfJfhlY ';g, VVI·'.i<::tl!ilV<:ir I;IfJPUl;i.Ctll:.l~SI?J blnd~ller the \.Jr .<1.\'111'0;;1 i::; con If.i~bu, HIe.llu~rd i~ 1J:J~!ilrl:l:J 'Nlll' Irlli'.iikir Ig. IiIn~,

1 I~ 1'rc6 llh i~l:rOitC¥ is. ~r" ~1~~tir.q ~,",;>,v~· ",ffeCt by fl13'5hand :".!f)F.'Iyirt,'1 ThA initial 5pri>';in-g is !iQht :'lnd it i;; %s8i"JtiaJ that the cootrol cf lhe alrtvush flows easil'. in too }-eC)Jiri3Qi general e,roctix, in this Case ho-izontnlly.

:J T"'~ c.(lmr~t8i ~~T1DIA ~hn~\'~. hew 'l'h9 nt&"i\iG',<en lines h~V'E'Dui~

up .;I. corrotex tonal effect

lorrrec

wlih 1lRfk :O;hi=ldf..F,.'

CJ'i thffi: deep innsr '·old. 6' tn~ I!it:ric: l'~iii:Sn1\'/0 shi1lp~ ;:;;r:;:l ~rr""vAd
.

S~~U!.lI!'C~ Ii> to r~rlIG\l<: 'ilfll ~rurTI Hie ['NU t !8IrtH,ugoo st'ladcw amas

2 The first ~[<lgo in the Spflyll i9

t
\

9 ThE! m:<IF:kln~ J~ 'lhFlI"I F1:<!I"!V ,&111' flIm

.'i'd ~m('Ml·;i In rr~( to !';Dr~v too!,;A M~~ m 'I'M f,",hrl~, wr,f;h 1\";<11 JrtA r'JM I¥Ird-M~d S~diOW5, 01:11'/~hic.rl {:If) IT/, ~;o;jer(j tn rhA 11_JIId6tl)"h of 1'M dr.;!:-'!ir(l 11'ehau!d also be noticed t!1<lt in these areas 8,olc! olJ,pD$i;;o 1I1e

<1 The. 1'A1'r'I~,irrlArnf f'f~ m!'ls~lnr.:l fJlm (;>.')I.'i;lrinn t',~f.."brf:", ~ n:"iW !'P.no~'t'lc1, 8nC! tt'$ fra:;htin(:l ~;Pl'i'l'r'_ ina. OOg!118 by M~ling up V€ 0CIft :Orc8! arees (\5 this p"Dg!BS&\s, Ihc impro:::S'oo 0"- h::t~·lf"lg1C""!olic'i.~1
dQ"',j~! .ncrGeJ~~.

fuIlf8CI~~, ·tN:" $txLOO,!,~ g)"fld"l~ ql.iclt~i to lhe wllile or H'!e b(XlfU,

BeQ~~~~or

U-I!il

vC!ty I'.QlJ'~ 01 1f!f;:ltuulil.liJ)y !;;"oJ c::mlro't,pg !in <lirbrJstl, it rna}' '..... ~.;:II prm\['! €Ia~!~1r t.hll! artwork is turnec ~ 90". This ~,s nl!lf'..illJffi !'I Q. "P.c,~'00~;ll ~r(1'!'y rl.lnnlnn lrom 1M! ro rl;:lht ;'lllmt"s fJ1..'lrA n~'I'1 Jf'!'il mtNFltnAr'it of

h..;'lF'ld :'If'ld

SI!,r"f'I 1'hi'J:"l f!\jl'!'l

tCifl

t(1

r:.:YI'-

rom WhElt, fobJinD thi~, x-$':i~~, e o oro~cere should be taken to ensure t~8.tthe tono,! ;J1"ld8tions soncn at tlw -Of'proPli8i,C po qs, otl1~,V>!f$e, tl'le CQwol~loW il'1"'9~ wil! Iw;k ~lJull~ly, 6 ~".Jt1~·' ~e-;1Ljr~ depth or stla,-;:e Hie 3!ld strenqm of cctcr ha\t;~b€~ raach ..d, iT ~stll.,'n neJ'(:p.<ss~r{I! m" Tn FAmCl'jA thA 8L1I'ffiIJr ..::Iinq m~,~klnrl flim ro ~v~~llhA 'fl""'!';~ <'I(tw(]r~

5 The tones find ~har:iows to aGC8~'tusts t.hl!< ''f~I' of thll· .fahric- ,~rl§lb;.J...!t I Jj:'Iln l'l. ft'fl.,r".''lnt:, gtvl~-

--

--

\\'h e'!~ 1,1: l.~1m p<lft MlJl tn ~I~ ()w !' hf' sha p~ ot ~I I [ oh jf'tt, '['JW' a [50 selected lnrern a I ah ~pe8wit.h.l n It or be-h.lncl ~t, gho6tjng t~ ~~~q, U!~ p~.r~.i~·i,.il~.rty LJ.~i'( I. rr'l t['ch n~~,a'iill'u~1 r.~t'ion W.tKifL descriptive t.hr~eo.dim.en· ~~ona I. urawrn gs are b!'?~ng pl~p~ red, For 1?xainpl{'!, a: ~'tr~{'f :lgn t m n;'!.jl,.!jr~ <! ~·~.mwJd'.:' 'I.l~"w<!y vl~w crf i~ ~\tl:rnI.~ t1f'W -r(];~lr-~unlkp k:~
W~i'IP~""~~ (;1\t~rtur

!l!'~Ji'i~H~', but l)t~~ !J~~

]}l'I'l

of the (;um· m~-~ form of the ryli nder he~(I,.

';;lfijm:I;t."l1)IClc'k.iulc1~tlmp ,~asin~, 1·11p. en!!jl~'e w(.u1Gl be Lin~~{,Qgnil':~,tl~: !;:! [].I:~s. emmgh 11"1 FMl'I1Ijtion ....... lHd~,JjI~u the c~t,~tju,.r;it il~, uf would tltl e rt:'fo!'e be pr actica I a In d thsi I:~b~~w.I nclude gho~tjng, Th i 5 ""Qu.Lelenabl e the engine ~ 5 a 'whGh:~ eo be understond, as we:~1 .~~the wmklngs <lad d~sig~lor th~ lnter!mj n.r '~h.oseareas !'lot nn!'rn~11yvi~lbl(!'. I n appHca~i(:)n, ghmt Inll 1'('] i~~ un ~tll1 L.I ~ ~oJ,!Jr .~wJ ~hO!A.l.i Hill ch;!nW'~ wil'lkh wll ~ !'i,{rt 'a(l n'!'sdy
~{f~~·t the

Gh05tuI'Igi O\rera Secti:on CiJtaw.;.y 1 The form of '" p$1:on, i16 gudgecnpin aM part Of the oonrecting (eel is d:rawn on detail paper, with me location arK! shape oi the cut::l,.,.o.y ",reo.cleafly IndtCi;l~ed.

:3 Thtt ms.skng '~m (hl.eling

~he intide 5IJrface of the piston, made 'Ji~ibk; O'} the ~r9k: and position of the section C~l["'i"'V, IS owl <lind hing~d ;0 aJIC'c.... for 1.' I~Get!r-eli.~lu ~ ~'iJra~'e~ 'ir'.;ll, as 'U' ley are representetJ Ir! t leli'yi stll:l::Jmv, ~."d theretore u::mlain the darkr;;;;t ~,a(j!l&,

~x~~Ilurin preference 10
~Ji'

<t PoJrer Utting the mask to expose C areas 0: the rncdiurrt sraccs. treso 8i'Q ~prJ'iG<j, allo~\'ing fCl' a f~flG:C1ied t ligt'!!iglll to r~r n<:!ir kN/,arlj It Ie inlier I €U\i€, n lis represents the l~lHiarr:j faDS of tM GLJ~.'lW.'l1. v\'hAn ~P!'80ny \o\@rtl[);al ,<;;;;ctnl'\~, Ir rroa.'{ n~ >%l8iAF I'~ 11, -n ;hA ~rI\'.'{lr..: rlrY' ~i) thfl ~irbn,i5h Gl'lr, ['I""S~ "()ri7,on't.'1liy .'i(,:I'0<"": the
~~ Irr,~t:A.

~he in terror.

h,idd~n 'L)b~~ii.:l,

~ l'I.tl

'111'(, VL'r.~~,el! n~f~! j11~!"ii1iltTI~ I

i f'i !I[1;;. '~(;_~l~I~'TK~ ~vmyin~ ts ut ,~k'>f)a m'rf' ..~Hy, hn'! h 't f1 p~vf'n~' U.BH~'i,:~~~il ry ~~t:ril wu..r.li. l nd tu t avn ii I ("rt',:!~i!1:tl a!l i,m,~g_~"'b at i~ I ~JHw~t II IqJ:ibk nn ·wmpletion.

;'

i
5 Ille same p!OD!l~ is completed fnr tt'A {i!1h!·h.'lnd f.<J~, Wli:nnow Ih~ t'ArlA(:,~d htahlight i:s to~'!!alfj tM ouW Arlge r:l ~h8~istcn

2 Ille ::Jra'.~ing os lrar IslertB:;j tc illLJstr3:ltln boom !me cov~r¥.ic;,with m·~sk.1£ f rn,

6 V1her ereas of the drawing ar~ sprarcil ir msdlum £ff..'l('1f;, to bLlile! 'Jp ltli'lfcrrn aoo sh;:;p .. I)f tha rl:o;;tnn. Thll arsas, c0.nc.Al"ttr!l~ed O!'l t:ere are Ill! r;,oa'">.~to thfl Ulr'l c:f me' reston, Ih~ ~I"o¥.!.c""i'11'l!:i 1brm '.'.ffithln the . !fi1flvP.$'f.(;c' 1'fIe PIStO!'l rings, (which ~ft1I' hrll.,(1erl!n 1fl.,s exan1ple:', ffld lre ~om on tl1ChQIO D1W'Nlli~!' "Ie gudg31)1'\ Din i~ 'jt1~tl.

7 TI";;:; rmcFl..";:'; f'.taiTer! '1"1 .stane {1 is c:r:ntinL ied, VOiFying ,he deptr, of tone Ciooording to the directiC<l f"lf tt-~ h0t 8QUrDe and the; ocaton of tho W"e~ b$i:lO spraved. Here ti'c' f8clrg $i(J'<I of the ccnnecting rod. lh(;l 'JGlri.'Cb!1 S~J!~'ICC to U'!iOIlOP roce~5 EI.f IU lI1~ hOi i~(;nJ;;lI :0].)'11 !:f,;e~ V" [1'1::; ruo'feS g !o-: n iG! ~18l0fl Fl'"'gs are sp.!:;!.yoo,

9-

ReplS!C71g an orevioue InasKS, t~ body of tr-~ pistoo G $I;:''-~/OO ~Ising acctctc to I1)O(;K lhl;! ~'l;I!tcal l'<!II!J:ij of colcr. This pflir, (A II~ wurk nvO!'N<8 ~fJrOl'iiflg the d1ilr'~e6t $1~iltJ~s li!nd 11l>rth1dg~c areas first, lIl~" J::;veloping th~ fnediurr !1nd Ir;Jtll ~hadi'ls !1ncqradPltAIi ,'Ir1'l"'~

1 t The :::enval section of lrl~ el\lerit,~ :')1 the piston is t"'e last ~tl;;lye to ccrT"!)I~lJ;> tbe Dod:.- On~-"l piston, Alsc d\Own [;Ompl8t8d Is tl";;:;· Gylindr'c;;)1 hM.a ':"if thA qi 1"igAnn-pln wich !1 fylnr.:ipfll 11~Jhli!1hl' flc."n55 t~", r.1¥I11;';rvd ref!SC~6 "'gf"'gnt at the ;

t:,,"fe

A il"~ ~t.;lgeSflO",.. ,he ~hiC!-;,1e5S or .~ r-;epth ofth" oonr\Ec~iI1Q rQd sprayed I,!P. w~h sufficki1t contrast W1C fOIi"fi tD indicate the "ll"P'" C'(,,;O!rti,Holloe Sh;:)UIc! tG t;)ke') of tM >J3~ ol ", Igeu n-..ask SE::~li0n:ol, wtli~h ilat only allow lcr liccurai.o: reposii.io"l 18 but pffUffi'lt accidental or ~JarliK.l1'l bsl';..

'H) Th .. qrac.!'It.,rl ..<;hi'lriAb h~'.!\S- 'oOOr) Nlra'i>";('j <'It :this ~,l'a$ to !llOC'€1 tre (;-,.iiMric.:'l1 'brfii of the oi~~rT

1 2 Tho :0.0 of tlw piQ:l~J!"!"!~ U'Ol~I' I spfCftjocl ~~ith onQugn "'o!l!~ly lu U! 1fCfcnt:atc t;:." [,,-mn :tH:;!rE::~~ i;ln~ lIl~ lJuuy ol 1I1~ ~i~~.vn,Atlt18 same lin Ie, It I~ ~"d of It te gudg~on p 11 os UI"T)tI3ke::i ard ~;:;,ra~r'lld ~"it~ qr.'lrJ:"It" ~jtom~,

ttl;:: peton

1:): The 50,d, rumway i"8nd(;ling of ia eomplG1l~ an.CI U'II<l rcm~ning i"fI"'~i~rlg 'i!n! r~n loved pt!DI to det~1I1wvrk Lieir~ ,l;I,!!Jplie:J l'Y ha'lQ \"/rth pencil Q.~CIL:lru:.h Highlghts o.<c ~ril1.Gll~ ill u~ill\,l a sMrp art blo.,j~.

" 5 NlOIx~ li16 f!"liiUII)1 n ~111:H.lI:l~ I U yl'll,)~ll!:rJ I:;r~ ~prl:l.y~(J., V.'I·ii~t·1include It IIii! ~'!.)nlif1ualiun Df the gr,:xy..~for H!e piston ri"gs_ H TIII:l I r I"~k.·' LI,) I 'n Il:I.rd on lor ih~ ',;!IKlsting is ~mc~\~d, fll'iI\,'inf,lflr, irn~El whk:h si"r;)\!.'S ii:'lA complete eldeMm of tha pi;;tnn ~s \i.AII a~ tho (:[Je.'l'N.'l'r' AActim, rt'yw!fng Ole mnnAt~'in!1 rod il'1d QUd.Qeoilpin

14 Tre Mwor'r; i~ CQi"ni:,JI'3t'il!l r~CO'JQIW WIl!1 new nluskll '!iI l'llf I in Pt"l3Po.r.alrc.'n fur ['Ie ytmslirlg to be ~pr<l'r'OCl, H I~ ~rel:l.S whi:;h are :0 t.J~ tne ligI1l,::;sl sre cut and r~m()VeiC:' rir~t. 10'"1jl1i3 exarnpla thssa <'1'1',."11'\ irt:::lud1t!he! top of li'lE>, p~I'('jn, Ugh:sharlA;i ;:J~ting is NlrOi'~'8d us '19'
0p..'IqUA '..,Yiit<!.

16 I t Ie dark~~l sI"Ii:!fJ'aS sre t-e last to ~. r,)pplied, ;Ji~'ing('lmrkla~i'; to. f.1A depths of thfl tor: r~AAs, tt'A ;;JFCOV.;lS f0f thA rA!'.ton r ~0lS ard the thlcknA% ()r tha OiSiQ'" oase,

18 Tc imprcvo me ocpth of CO!'lI",;)S[ arxl d~t;;lil. i~~ noc~~3;J.ry \u hf ie-in th .. gl-!Q$kd tJ(~ vi lh~ lluslraton u~illg p;:;Ilcil aid b-ush-paint ..d uf:,'ilque ~\otlitJ;:. This ;;Bfl Il"I1pr.'lWlF: ltle quality and finlsh. Grfl.."It <:A~ rnusr alw."lY£ hI"! t;o,kAn WhAt, -Jh~)5~Irq, hACA'.Ii¥.l II' i~ ~~ e,~f,Yto !O<B rlfitail c.rd oontrast, whioh 'would defe:l< tte exorcise and IT,;ih~ fQ;' a ~CI:. ~8tl';l1O~, i~i'i> Q.o;::!'"'i~~t:;{E: [Q

Practice with a b18ld<: ;:;'00 Wl1itQ piece fii"~L. ,1$ 1.he f,OI1<lJ vEl!uSG ,ure r.elOlhe!y cur 1~:JlIl:ltJ.·.IIii!' .. tJelore.rr1U';pg or I lo I' icre ccrT'pl~x :.."Obr work,

C las!'>·Nj··2

SmJtri1;1m Rallwa;y M&f'(.:I'I~nt Navy locomotive Ellemmn" Lin,f.05 (det<lj!) Mark Fr4lnkliilfl

ili::f IS Oi -.aI cuta\"".!~"i IIIUslrar.i(YJ ,1 full colcr I'l~51::;'its ddtiwltiflil 'Nh~n it is ~l.Jltfi;i :0. st·iOV~1iIS much datall aA p0~~lh"" wth0."t mf'if.:illf'l;l tha "IAV.'!';.r. Ir, 'l'his. ",xalo!iliA, ~ de'I'a il 1Oikan iro!i" ,~ la!\;>€ ,~irbr;j~:,h8d illLls:--;:;tion GOr1mission.::-..::J 0'/ tho 3GtJ(1cO MWQCWI'l, Lend.en, C:v'CiV 9.SPOOl Q[ tllG' V<'urIti!!\J f.'<Jf L~.U Ii; p.o1lIQI"JI;;" :H",.)J!' ;;.:..:.;(.>' I 'f.:lli'~eh~tl to ce OI~iJiI: :OJ iGVP, II·Je part allhl'l illu;:;tra· ~(Jfl 1'ep-cx::Lcoci ir..::::\.J·:p.,~ 11~Flof:'~ ;);)~, ::;'flOke O<!'IK,t3r:,:., tlcllElr-'::!!I~inr1, 'ur,nin~·~a"'::'l,oo;ll~~ ~_Prl DAr! 01 thet -Cl-1',ln(1 '.'h~AI5 'N th i"lotii:J'l jJ~8r. 1\3 w'!'r most stesrn locomotvcs, Ui~ f"Go IXlx inolujes 8 btast pi~G 'II~\.!I i O!~I 1I!1Br. as ...,011 [-,3 SK.:l!'"1P ues 1,.,......!iJ10 \ " from tho tront cfl:'e ·WII~' dC">·~'·1rto r n~ 'iOJI~'G Ulll:;':ll~, «e exhaust steam S8.:~u 'e~ ,llrough pip€i~ w...t.h h'lfld · "Lo the fil'€ bcx. On thls flfli1'IC:l . .'i!' ':}cO'Tl::ltl'iOi ~,Tr;1kA r!ArIAC1".-s '''18m fit t@d ir1r.ledlarAly aICr"lq;;. d", and pro 100M.lnQ \"1hl'l... 'rent of thcdir'~ 1:·);(_ s. 'N, rr0i It rhA ne.~"',;81 5!T('»\8 ~Icf OG{Gr. tl¥:r;:; ~\!Cil iki h""'~-e i;J"",r- no :;I'Q:Q or) In Ahmv ~('l 'th~ ar~~ de5Cribo~1'.\'i~l a ll::;'~~\';'Jve

CCf !~,l!~;<;,.Ilf,:;e-oJ:.'

in

r;:-lf'IY",~'I'il'l~~ CI.I7a'NcW .-JOWC~Ci', With

thA Cieiie>::;tor, an intogr<ll and in' :;.n;II'" tAnt part 0':l1i5 b3jm8~1\''3, in cos,iC,1, the orob en' arose ,:l;~lu tie'.'! Lo ~hc,,·; iJmn I: '<': c<,:lleclor anc the 'Iteri· Or A 1I1~ I ":0 i:J[J~, - '.'i:: solution as ~t !C">'!" "i::r~, '.vas to rsndar r~~ ~re to.'l( I>rd irs C:Q~t'&lts as ~(', "(j ~hIA,:I'~, '.',.tJile Sf.>.'~ying th(o) dilrlec.T0f as i~m.'l(1A tJ' tinted Q as-so that is, qh:'l~·,nr.I'5 \)1"'-, with :h<'l 8XCi'l3tlr:n (',1 1 ~6 rim ar j . ~anr:.'~_jl 'NI'Ir:~ (",m~ ~ eO!id t8 ~nh!li"l~A 1~6 6 ··ape and iocaticn cf 1'"10 dF'!f€ocr . "l'J a ~,:;SDG( oxen: ll); UI~I' "'; OOCIID ha$ JI~J 11~"...':;:;i KN,ln gll::J~:~(j, n:'~,';JIIII'd L;,Ii lhrnuah it, (J;:;
I I

(~IV\nA.T 1'.1) 'I ()N E

(] r.. d~.wtitn111' ITH~,Ir] ~ t~ <> appl k,i[Inn of culm whten (!l<tn.!\t'sKmd· u~Hy h~w diid~. tu [JghL, etther fll(tiJn g i~toflttl~ ~"'hlne n:I' thE bc)ard,

Or 'bl~ntlj n~ iIltu OIuul:h~r c(,lur_ When rhe '(]f1trC!~T is (fmtrdlk-d, a :!oI:;rilcl~t€'tJ tUll~ can ~1imlJ],!t~ th~
HE-eLi [Of ovetsprayed If .\,~r~j·~fJwll'h

b:igb tigbts.

~r~mp~n:nlw'IV.:r~!Jlvr VV~J <L pr~vi(U!sJy "ppli,~tI (0im, ~ tr~n~lucent ettect is pO;S~.ibl~ whkh in

lhe fh~l co~m appeaLs to sh i n e lhwugh. the second, Tonal :;.!;HlQilr lJon b the pii nclpal means o.f
modellng threl'-dlmen~'ona! form i,1L~ H H~u~l un. ur LiJ,.bl(j~d <lLj~~I~ r~ti ,pf J:lt1)rl~t('>;1t()TI~~ Oifld 1.llll()i'~ 111 ke a ntrnos phclk b'I(;~Wtllltl s. ~:; ad ated tones ;IT~ p~rl'l r I ~brtly r ~tl~crl veln {:f~ti n1l: skres, It, tor example, iI In lcl.day ~~:'f5 cleslred, 1

Backijml~nd Grad~.tl.on 11 !~wst8d rene ip.10 hA ill'lrJf;('; CIS o baokdror-: tJ the'I1Q, Tt'$ ccrrpt::tc wo;hl~g ~'-:;>Zl is CC'oi'cr,x: ','.'ith r !'XI:.:;~ing 'lIm, and t-o baclQ?fDlInd
OIr~1;i rs
(J'

a T~e pmC5S is cur !l,r ~~t; <Jilt; U i~ (';cl(',' ~Iow'( ir"::·\"NiseG ," iJepUI as i l !'; ~!!':nh"::llqht :IJrtr~r rJcw~ tOI".'tlm tM 0-,'.'",'- ArlgA r:' 'hA ;'lr.'~.. tk n

4 n·liO)l'n,;l1 stD.QC In spraying it. to ~\r~II\d.' I~!! ',hl;J :;.h<:Ji;ling of no o::)cr, aga.r i w0rkn.1 I'~n! ,():J lv t..'OUQr'1

(;ul

UI i~ rCITG"GQ,

1:'8..,.1119

~y lI1I:~! o.g ',)r~;~vl~~ sprtl.Y'lg,

V l:,.IrL:J -

the. t~:rSl 1(:radllt~o.tI 'lOne~,Ij,(juJd ~ 11

son base of ~'enOlo\' ochre or !\@pl,e~ yr.H0W .rl.ltm,ng h'fH!1 the b~)l 1.<'.011 up, ;!w,l UL!;Hd i H1; H! wi [Ii rI,e wh1t~ "'f ~ll,1i> ,~rrwnT k ,;i.li'i{l~Ir ~ ti:lln:i. ut the war: into ttl~ sl.y aml. Ii. ~c~ufl~1~;(m:!'llecl Lone Is Lhen {)~·(·r~]~rffiyt'rl, w] r~l a weaker ~u'l nux {l ( ~·'LU j uH·1 ['II r~J, uLn blend~ng hl ar ~"(lHt 11,{'; ~i!I'tl L' 'pCI,1nt. l'i nalty, a f.\r~d,'L~<"5U tUlilt ~o:,;r~LL~<l11 Qr (Obn It Ill, If' ··i ~ "praY"(1 11;(1'1'1'1 rhc

or

top ol lhe aIt'A'mk te bl~[jLlwith Lhe prev~O·llS l,V(l co '''T~,Ir!lIt fUTther down tn\~'llI.f'dsth" hmi.wr~, J Ire f~~'i.lily ....hk:h LJl~ airbru sh gj~·e'S in lJ''('ld IKi ~lg gril dM~rJ tones, whether ~)[J ~ turH:~' H ',.1:.11..11.1 ( seale. i 5 OL~ e G' ~tw oi ~T i n rr ;1('lv;-mrages ot thh tool. \ ..... hilc it b pos-

~ Th", r,:"\lflf' ~;'lPVE'!(,; ::l~' 8r(;;J,'ln;;! frcr't eswin lir;h', rtl iilr!inr:l _,;1thfl

cooper ::,h).d;;<:1 :;,,~~ fir'ir, ",',.r:ldlr J (he Gpr[l,lng 0'·an exoes.3i·;fj ::;.(:1 wn;;:CIT;.'c-:tod ~:. c~<;th 8f wl8r too qUI<..:I~ 'l

:5 rin:<lti, the r"lasfv'9 I irr is

i'At'1r:Wlr! fr0m thAfl?!,; anc 8:Jl'(j€rl, 1""A~.,lt',! 'thl'! qr.'ld.'ltAd b@ckdmp r relation 10 'l'hall~rA;'l-;iII"1""[)~I::ln~1 irr ago 0: :Ile 'If(j TM O'.'Elf<l1l ~'9;';1:

~ib le to

.1(illeFt' t 11~ ~anl e 1'1"$1)·1 r

ty hand, it becomes Increasingly diffrcult to mautpulate to.'ilhln i1f~~~ wh lch I.'es~rlc~: the nee flow uf u !Jnl~l] ~II~ I,Ii,;~p wHi.liJI p.l~'cl"'~PT m i !,l(>rll~(111,l'iI(1 ~ h,·~. r 1'\ ~~h" t11€ co ntrnl provi ded uv ma skin ~ t echnlques .1no:i the (I'I!j(i~·le·;lU'Jli. icy [11' the alrlnml1 ~PIilV enable tt It.' iJ I\ h1.Jdl u r tu p.l ud lK l: riJJ L~·~e5s
~[LldLHL(Nl,~ .

:;;to : ~(O ..!~ tho flo.g even

U't& Iv·~.

!llQr<5'

to

pr~arOd

";;ut'l wr,,(il'S.
7

~ l.H:,)~ J on iIIuSl. S:li;:!I"! l.!~J;J t.!iI'cd ,It ,,,,,hole'~!ll"'vl ~0v~r!Ou with k I'ratil.'ril;! Jill' L All ui 'J I€: lines rTiakll'g ~p Ul>il rbJXl" <IF.;! man cut lnte tt',;;. -tf:\a11'lJ!J -IHm, including_ thea,*, '."t~h w..ke lne trar3~IQn~ fn!fnlnn~ ~o

'lol'l'llg

o.~~,;:Ia.ti(>fl W~mi!li~n Objeot 1 ,~dr$IWno -of :3 nobon t""f'a1~1r.~.. .

8 'Sh~DJrv8

'1! 1;' 111'll~uv;::riflY n Ie tu;J part of 1I >::; ritJoon is rerncvec .gmj ];1~gP.d

bii\ck with B p:I,!,!CI$ of rn~.. kmt::l t;a;)fj. s Trus ssctlen Is tr>,:;n :".;l'lrOl,~·€trl wrti,,,';1l1y w, ttl h;;;nd~ of (:j:rfl:1~r,Fld (';0101' follo'N" Inri t"E'; :c,.. ~~ of '!'~ CL!!"Y-5',

.4 The final st~9~1:!'; ~~nVir>J is thE! 'ry,;;~' p.'Ir!' ~I 'thB rtobQll, error 'i'l[)la(.~n~ f~ Or8'.'iO~15 rr')'sf(, and ~ ~(ji~'8 bGl8k :hc last O!'~.

3,The 11:1[100mMk from StagG

Q 1(;

IEfIl'Ir.~l"l. Th~ 8000nd r.nask, ... ..t1l(~h ~ R'm hngM, is pllllc~II.:;~I~ to 8':iXt8ethe Gentral QI/\l9 01 It Ie $ The grl:ldaljml3. 0" this ~a~tor! d'';: 10HlIe::J in ~h(>.~1lmEi ~vP,'r' Io.'l l!1I "It'"" liro,1.

~w~,

.') All m$5k'g f '11 bC2"1 r,;,TCOP:D, ~110W1l1g U·~ dbW"

roJB

;jJr-

brushed ~"'tI11111'1i;1e""Ji!'!~mim lal "orrn i\;)I~'in\!ur !!y V! \,lra:::lalet11_o",~s 01 cclur, Nv d!;Jrk shades or ••'hitB I II6Illligt'I:S have oo(ln "rld~(1.

HALOING
~ 10'1 l(:Wng, ~.~ name lJILp.n~~, is th~ i!JPl'il~~tiuf.l u,r <l cucle of 1lght ,~n.d ~'tl()ldlcl ~ppe<lr as II soft, .~,e:n·

't~

Utt 1':tu'W, fadiug ~wilY Oll~ward

{rGllri U'te crrcum feTe~l N- "[I'M'

t~dm'qtLe can beused to tnmt~ lIn ett~n of (Ii~~~~n ~Ld:l'i:n.i,;e, a's hi L]~e«g,l~axy~ tiX<lmplt> Soh nwn h ("1'1', nr ~n :~()f1:e:n and dlrfu~
Hij!Hli!!lib i II dm",~ objects 1 Vf;;riuuG ~iz(;.'Clsto!~ have b88<" p::iinleU uS ...~ t~ dots ano' ow:"c, ~praied tu Jilfu~ U".e14dgcs: others heve bF;l~" ~pri:\J<:u w!ll,e; ~pl<;l'.K"" ~;:!f1 ""~ cots 01 varl:)ui:; :';1<';;;:;: to yi\'~ ",1'"1 illi .ll':im 0f ,'"nmlO~.il~ depttl,

>:! A o!! 01 cut from mGsl~lrgl ':"rJ ..s .. ~Iac~j over li:.;:; center Of '" :;o~.ol'ours~ an:! gently sprii:!.;r<i!u 0II0J'I0 ll w ec;J~ ~\~tr, opaque whife_ It is irrp::Jrl<JJll ncr In ,jPP y toe rr ~c:h wt lit;:: wt I~! !'.pr.'l',lng t~'!lhalo to rrlli,,·'t~11 l'!o;;! Aff~~t tof dlffLJ~lng 'grit

.~ St.IlIO,s'~l sh~03 h~v.,.h~n Inl~ ! n,",~king tilrrr (~!.':;ct8t8 ooulrl 1·1!:I.','eJ;:;~I \ u~,",~J1:Jl"Cl CYJ8i! cnecl ' ; o;;:rt<lir\ sk!r\:;, I ~I~ ""C ol:n:wccl cp!':!q~~ ,.,/~,,~~, wild! I:;; ~piicd
A~rl G!l-.""~

c.ut ":'ll!';c; ov~r L!~ino 'In

to

1I1!;;

ocnl:;r u l"~ I nask.

~ Wh",r, the m~..;;kinglilrTi

n"!r"1(WAi"!

Oil

5I1bt!fi.

,thi'l ~ff,;¥:: G1lf'1 b(l quite ~', rlfOil'';'1cnRtr::ltI'l2J hf'ln;.

I
1

u U'" II Llll

IITI NG

l
~

Th~'fl;" ,11"1' v~Ti (j'll,~~l'd"ll1'!jq~ I('~ fnr

!)!:.li.lJ II,~ li.~,b.L, hJJ:'J:n ~,nu \;uutrOl~t ;0 ~~half~' 1'-'rl'~wrl1 'fhf;' ;!;Lll'lji>C1' f1mtl lookfiIl!i: tJ<!t. Hi.lO!,hliJ.!h~~
;!;[~W ~ilJl

the viewer's attenrion and b!.l m~ to '~X{)~J lent ~'t"fe.ct to e"lpha~ize t11,1:~ po.i.nlS uf vlsual forns ln an ~I nHg~,

Usln,~ an, Art Kn,lfe 91<ld~

1 AI1"'io.,~~ thfJ :.38~esatcnh6wn

here 'Ni~h 5Jtloi011t Cl-j"tr;;lffi: eno rorm thO', 1[1[;\ tho Si"JrI,oQ(lI L~l\J!1;;! ~Jndhighli\)l_' [8 WllilJll 'Nould ~nhl:lIle5 II '"'::Ir!'i;~r::eli;rOin:.e,

U:stingthe White of the Soard This is an oxamp c of 18::wing :118 while of tho ~Q;;ll~ l~) 'Qr' n 0. "JJ~';;;. 1'91'lf;;)hl in 0111 'ol:~'(;.! (;lJlc~, It !~ w;! !iev:;.:J lW carel u!ly wnlr(_,~1 r!g 1I)~ W"T'vl,."'t 'JI gri:lci::!.km and s:rengt~ 01 ~tllidi!1iJ wtlen sp'1l}'ing th(~ color,

2 ~: U::ilf IIi' an an kIli"e blade tc ::,v,,·:;;:l~'·' .'1:) ttl(~ ~pr<i:t'Bd 00131 Jr, ~1~ hiQhl'G~t~ in 11.. Ifl8Nffi -'I~ d",fln~rl .'I~ '"riA ~\,hi'1'I lin,;iR_

61

LI sing Op::!Iqu~ 'Whit(C: , The m1~\'ork 118s l:JOCn 00'.'8'!K1 wi1l1 nlOlski!.'.g !'Ilrn e"d tho (;'Omplc~c

'I"'Q axr,C$;¥:IfnF !':pra.,.lng, as 't Is inrence<i '1'0 Inc;rA'l!';;:l ti)!:;. r:CnT'ast by a... eH;IY~'tiI'10 niahlighr~.

2 (Jp.D.Qj::! ',';lite ';5 n':i'iJ 5p'5~ Irs~n1! II;) .. !I'.~ ap8IDIYio,tC places. t::eblrir I!J Ir I r! , "(;1 lil!i;l c...... s~~ dirscticn O ::J'ltle'li\;;lI.!(I;>:,Ji.,JII,;;;!'.

a 'W~<!n tee re(1~;~·rlA["I~h of CCIYr,c:::t ·!las t€B!1 ~,~hiA·..Arl rhFl '1i<lS~ing fJlrn IS reITlO\!I;I:'j, !'>'I',A~ rq ~ 1'1'0'"8 prCnCU!1CO::! iMagEl,

Gr.eatW!!S'farl"l IRa~lw!1ly ~~!r1g CI~5S

q0!5·0 i.oOoom(l,tlllo; I<ifl~ Edward It

, Id~.all) J~me5 'Weston
',1,' irolll n gl'!igil:WJ9, f 1't.lSl iUU5lrat. &.8

'If.IJ:O bc'k bar~ arlo \.Jrlllnl~hi'ld. h~' w':::L1dlack that fir"]!'!1 ChlOlliW lkir.h enl"JlflCAA, f;o:"nplama"'15 and , ;tinlkol'; orA' "fi8Q9 JClOi1rayccl

11

IS, ~h~rel ure, ::llull!,l '...... 1l·' u~II'-'<3I-'I\,an irr oortant EJ!"ICi ir I l~g'lil part 01 !:III air:)rJi!~~[;' illuslra!.lo" , Ths ~X;'lr1rJ~ S!'()V.'I"I h",'~ ,0; S, am;;]il of t~ cc:mCiIMA iIlLJ~tr5.ti8n r,;:,p'oduoE'tj on page - C'2. .'\ I tech nioues dD8G'iI~ee ~ the 8101G~iQO.l dCI"C<lstr<l:'o~ s Qr nig!"!!i\!t I\!r I~ t !tl','~ 1~<38i1 use:;! (,.'·nI." ~ i!lu~ ['I>liull wit·'
R"A.I~(, i),r I(J

Higl1ligh;Jng

the !lXCilptiol"l or ~cr!'l'c:hin;J ou' ·<... ~h an art knifA r:1~C!'e,~CaLJ~e this rs r,:)t suited to ~ e $,;<iar::e QUclli,y of ... the paper o~ wt- ,:11t~c ilh~(Ol!J',I0' , wo;:; dr<J.\·_'<>. TI1;;. ~ ~(j",' IY!!!\J '.~i· b 01 II the caper IS :,'V ·;11,;,," on It!~ Ili\,jt,liyt·,: l lo \11t;J ~r I~.. t;u;<; Ii"J bciier, !l[1(~ k' [I.." ~Juli~t !~d slee- 01 th~ 8i~:o~.;;; a~d Valve r0QS, OOF"qUl'i ",_1,'r,it8 tH,~ I~Afl~ \j~d on tha ~lJS,')::l.~1';1;,)1"1Rr-dnn~ t~

_*~

th8 oogie c;~IG. the h£l!W3!'1!ll;,;1!Iul~~ :If th(;< lJl)gl~ ~'~I'le:o<s, ~CfT;:: 01 tf'-E plf..'~,,"v~kcl.mJ U';::rurv "9 bcarcs. lu 1i8pr~ci~J.j;! fully tl""'" t~hnir;'.I.e;R of t"{ltili;:1r,tin::l rA;fl'i'l~C:A ~hCll.ll("j~ ··'f.l be m~dB to tha ,'~rl[il.ll'i- efl~IF, to '8<,s~n in m;:)I"I,'1"1' rhA n~her fillisr'jd
.• ,o;tr!'l:,0.r1:c..

63
--------

Wtleni

t i5 not

pt'K5Siihl ~ to txk~ .~
;l 5'U

photograph

e;>;:;),ct ({Jll~H1on1Srequired to show It cvff W a.dv.!ll'lt!l,g~, It Is usual tl:l

r~~rL·l>Q lbll;; techulque of knoc I;:: i!'lg b.fl(':krh" '~Ii1~~ ~p[lmpl"I8te <lrc~s (It tb.~. iIWI~~ JJ}' ()\f~l"~PW~'-

ut

b~t.;(t iu Uu.:

lng with either dark

Oil"

Hg!'H

eliminate rhese ,ll'i1';;t~ (flm rl.t't'e~yThis ~~cimiO]lIe is used cx;t(JrL~l~'ely.in pholt.o -rerouching ,~r1rI
tlO

~h~tI~s.To m ~In'ta~n~nterest and \'i:;;Uil~ tmp~,i,;t ,l~1::;not W;!C(:~~~~y

ean also be applIed w~.irtJruslu;,~ '1!'L!j.I/orl-': to;h:eL1, rore'hlm~pl~. the h.!l.r.i~grou1'ldde:t.!l,' I. o,r antltusnatlun ~~JP,~llH ~·L)llJV~~~L-CJO tu ~ITO~1-llywith t'hf' ~ilb~~'H_

O<'tl'k".. n'lng :;!InObtrn:Gl""a 8ac!~,ground

1 In ~.I1isphotog':;,pn the prirn~rl subjects ere the teacetonos in t'le fOI'l~gI"Dund. ,.lo~~D\'Ci',the Irt;:,,,s~y 0' .rl", Ii!:!! It i,., ,.;l.JCrl L:"OL [!"if;< 1"og~19Ilts en Ih:,! tree (;UrTI[...'el~wHt I 1ID::tt; u! ! lI'~ gro~rlc SIlO or the ""i::ad:3lof1e~ 10 (MWCOrl~ :his. rt :3necess~;y to kn1)r;~hil;:',~tha tronal contrast In th~ °rM PriO"' to :c.f"'IrA\~nq, rl)::; rI1i"!tr.. iJrap~ c p-int if,· rlrv- mrll.W\!Arl f'nr() board,

II);' wl'>Ol~ punt IS covered '",iIn 'nOl.'.>!~nQW!", .J.no;; the area 0: 'ilm cc:n.o;::ring Hie uee tr ~,. ,( i~ cu; CJ l ~~d removed. 4 '~Vf";i!ln ;hg r-:::cu'"oo depth cl st;;;;oJ. rlR ~!<IS {',~n applii'.d, th8 mp_"lkirg 'IIII"!" I~ rAI"tl(lv~b, P.;'I~1nn !hi'! 'I:lra(lrDUnd lIn~O";ChEKI and oM r~i'l tt.r~ ;(i\'o' :;.ppearino 1Q M SAt bAr,~, hil' without Icein;J i,6 ~otJrs., GQnir~f.t

KNOCKING IIACK

I
\

Weakening ,lEIaok;grQUil'ldl 'il"b;nas: !>lldi'Col'"Itrast l Hli;;, photograph 8I1ct....~ '" racing ' ~. '.vi:h liguffisllr.d dAtO'lIi:; in tr<$ i;!;g~lJ'ld" ThO! I;;mflr <lPl'loor. af ~hF'ilr;lo~ p~~jrT.iJty, to l ta 1m ,,,,",,, ~ru!"!a piane as tina car ano 1i1ertfote IT is no~aw.ollJtelyc~as wreOCl' (l1~ ~f)j~ I;1lniJ Ilk: ulher ~lns" To teulily this, tilOl, back~urt:l rr'!Js,t 00 !<:flOc:kAd bac:k. ihl'l 1llIt;SL~g9is to dry-rnnLmt ~IM ~If'!r \I'Tlo txfarcl.

2: Mr;,skjF'!QIfilm is pttoecl ever the ....,!;o1e pn!lt areaend ~c eootions

I

ecveri~ the b8i~-{Qround ~'\d trac!~ ale Cut and rDIT.ov~ for spra_;0ng,

te:~H:~

4 Onol'-o thB ~"k~&.cj shading c:IOOi'ty SE!n1iimtE~, tM h.acl-;gmund frcm the pro1l.C:ip,a1 \ubj8ct, the !T1atSkingfilm .s ~ removed, The dlficrc~ in o'.aJi~!and Wi'\.Ol"la$i$ W~w~ I 8t~ 1 ;In!J ,~.~ Ow, nf)'"~led ,ilrlli!.,ge is ob~~O;.I:'il" iIl'!(j il t la~ irTipru~'ed 1l'"1<: 1

in IfJiiilll olll'lE:: p.crure,

:3 The exposed areas are CNBf::;prayoo wiih ',ojl--i)te,This is not so opaque GIS to dQsU"O' Uw d'3fil)ilion. v but it w.u~$ iii. sUI'fEf~ fj!r~t.:l (;1 ligt'lt ".... flili~' CWr U~ pl;;·l~ 81'Un~ r"f':"l;;Jg,

Th~ .~~ or an i1!rbrnsh iT'llE'ttPnng h hel:p¥lli~ ..... en fLat Or lIi::rmlOitlt.:u h .Lolpr b ~~~ I,l~fed as <l ooc1>:.d:rop, or whe:n .~eharaceers or WO.Bas .<lW tJ[J be tnmt~d ,~~~,b~~~ l:;,~.nd.~pfi'l;Fed L0 gi",e Mun. TI'I]$ ls (lft~'t:i~eel1lll'1 ~flvt'Ui ~~ a ryr.~C'.ilJe;{ilmpl~ n:g,
I)~.tni'!

th~ [!;::l!.I;]A;tl.ng

thf words

and

le'n;;,[~to creat~ tllj' imp'r€!>:lI1.oTl that they are I11~c1~. ~:brw~l~, 'WI (If some ol.l:i:er highly tt'f1~tiv1.'!
m;ilt~rill~.

Lli~;ing'Selr,~!Jhe$I'lJe M~5.Kiing Fil~~'! 1 Ttl<=: iotrl:J. ~!;lril ).;1-.aroc".er "E' has t€en "d'I>~'mon dell!:lil p~p~r ·;)I!U transferred [(I lx.)O.riJ. A ~t I~el 1:.1' l"1i5.skcg f"rn is 1lpp.,1ed" :i!!:d the {;i"lar· :;x;tllf c~t :lLJL

$ Trr,., 'TIOI1';klngfllm ls n:;m9';~, e(i ...nC! a ~ll"tIi"lfl hiMl1-",dg<ld iir sh, j

~ rn~ fllm GC'."O:r '1~ the character io il,~d th,;; ,Et;.;:pcse'Ji shape I~ tl"€n "'fira'~ad In r~~ r09C.J '00 eolar ano 8t:.~e c;" 'Inish; hAi'!l thA paint has 000"1 QlLldatc[! let·.itg a ":e'Aec:tAd ! 1fgl ihghLGr'glow. to flo IC'N€!' parr
"""n"()1;.;::d,

:JI lh~

D~[jr".o.ct(jr.

llISi ng F.lStMoil
1 T~ ~r;.;; ;1',1','18 Of letter fen", is f"!C~'ldrOlwn U!'I' ;stiff cardbo;:.rd and E,Mf}€ 'out ~t. III ~le OX:;linplc srown. theci'!araG~l" is cornparat~.y C!;l$Y 10 'NCtkwll!l, 11Mli"g.0i'1~j :.Jlrolgtn lll~~ and rigt!l angle:::!, Olhef8 wi'lk:tl'ir It::UI'DmB.;,e CUr...OiSand acutsa ",gieS' m!>:i'~pp!l:l.r nsat a~d ~c,~",~i'ltl'l at th .. Al,enr:1I At-OlgA, hw i'lny slight Irr.petfl¥::tk'lnA In 01Jltlng W be trJt:li't"i 'than nritlc",~l:)le on the f"""heel OI*"'al"k, Proc1ite in Gut'lJ;.')Qi .sthereforB !'ttOOrnrtlei'decl,

me

Hel'luvillg ll'o~ Cl:lfUUQli;Q::;·I0\'/S lI11>l U'IEl ~t ISldder ~"a;;; <slightly soft edgll@ as :0 result 01 ro(;l'Sk:lu~1to'0r .s€lSping under t'.~\!l edg1'ls of the :;o;ter,clio

2111~ (A;lrdbt,'8Fd at@rr::11 <~hl'lt! "j;~~ tha bosrd on 'whlch the to

~i1~

IRhed i'!iT,·.'Ork i~ to aopear. It is t~cn 5VfYw as required,

4 1'~lIIIS ,",X!ilI"If.!le ~lle ()f;,r::JL::;"'dl s 'N1i19 !'Iel:;! 'urll',;;;r J;.w·Ii\Y I ':Jr·1 :~18

coord, g~~infl F.lVfF .!':f'jflAr. ,~nc"more t::lurre.;i I¥.:Iqas [(") 'l'I"ta cMr,~Gter,

Using Dry-transfer Lettering '~ AIl ikIJio oh¥",-cter "E' nas fJE!>er! rl.mbeGi tfJWn on board

:1 Tha dr1-tr<l1I;l.Jer character Is rem[)\14'!(j by u~in~, low t<lCk drafllflq tap", tn pick ;t up, AJlI-IOlJgh nor shown In ihls Qxample, 'Il la obI,"ouSIy p.:t3si~ Ir.'l spray a ~t:U! ,eI wor I.;\'er oath;)'le cr.!'Il'll.ct@r B.! It! ~;;;i~(in;J ~ color, Ful'thAFch1lra~'l!;"~ ItWYaiso be laiiJ on fnp of the ~ cof;:l'; \.~ len i;h8 area 18 ra"~p;t]3.1y'ed ,ElII!JU'~ du:u<JJ.il,.,rs wm:::ro.'t¥!, thl1f:,l woul:J aopea- un \118 anwork In thl!! mf;jim;J basel color, HC'.~I3'Jer, e\l1'ii"Iml'l care Is nOl€lded TfI l~n'ovlr:9 the dl'!"'lr!ny ftir l!'frteflng ~u f.!S rot to aamOJ!"fi 1h!i spr.;I~¥ldcalor umJ..r 'ii2rth or, indeoo, tha surmufluing ooloi·. 2: \/o.o'i'la.t will haeorne ttl!;; ued<:glwno or ~ cotoe I~lhm s~ray~J 0\'81" the charact8r and
~LJrroIJFldll

','<9

EJ:w..

'BHat::k Ca.:lllll!a.r:: Da:!la IBulli Tf 3 is trc ttlo h)l1'1 Oil PO$W illuWalion ","1110hI~ D~I t1~nu-drl:\w{ I m a Slyl~ tJeliltif!U I"e period oj ttle car, 1t-e remjering has b~1!o.1 ~xflcd,ed to ,TiSkl'! ths ~ttl'lf1nQ appf!i'lr h1ac:k;mfl S" "w Agarl, as v..~hth~ heal( 0f 'tl"A car, r;.lN! bl~c.k hi;[s I"I0t hAt'l1'l I ,ROO y'l'l[l r~:i'l~/ see ~ ~wl'o ale.cl-.: with no ""olor .I:\ias - but b"1.,e ano b ~e--bC!Ck !4svcbcOl c:1105<31l. 1l1CtOQ luJf of t-o lettering. de ... fl l¢' lhf;;! I i&'df (lGgGOI! I;).~I~ r~~r)o'~~dllr.l ltlEl rel'1ecuon :;II 1:\" IIflI:l.QI'·'Ofi horizon ~Oi, 1:Ilarls. 0,'iil'l an opacus t:l\J~·t~ac~ gradati'ld Into r:lFli'l<"l hll.!1'1'! hiM 1f'1 .. tLW} r.t'i'ld~rl'l!'; into:::.~.'.<eIY p.:;,~blue II&o::t :'lh(l'd" il"l"" h(1I'it.on Frcrl1 he ,.",rizcn line down. gl:ay' b ;1C1~ h'1S (';J5'en ~,:;)raycd in GIGrl'\[),(\T:.J T'.)~C: to\'.'.8m me [i,_"9:: of each cl1:;\'act:::r. To guaran:e@ at] eO·JGI antl CNQ~ number Qf gradsted toros, all tos:;l'~ ing ...,O~ .::IIHI,~ oeen i"n[l$I<eo::i .;;I[lQ S'OiBycd at 1I1Q s;;lmQ lll~lQThe 08r'1~I.. to;; !llu~·l' Oill!;.!l' ITUn I I ~~tIol'! \~!I$ lill~ 'Na~ llil~1I 1;;1:111be l IWo;,tnwll ptly~~~oeand 1('9,

JlI'das IPriics,t Mafk 1MIMnsQn refJro::Ju~IHlO~e is 1;1 UilBSm exl:l!T\[)I~ Cif ra.tJ two W0rd~ tb',t: 008fl rwn:i8f);d ~"itrl an I"Ilr!'lt1):".)", ',~riO"i;;I~t make,. 1t'$.'!! 8('1 l~J;'ahm on tha;r O~"'fI,It is. ~eoresem8h~ ;'I riBnn '.v11iGhe;Wrt@d in tho l~r.Je .:trod shO-I,!\,'sl ttlo sign of ~b;l~ ~g. tIS a sW~, t i~ I!~f'i pop'.)l<i!f Ii'

Tll.l- "'l~ring

or

1i.d~'ert1Sing GIrd the music wo-ld: th~ exarnple aDQIf€: i~ the nam('l c::r 11 ;Jroup a!'tn~shl'lrl !:'lr tl"8 tnl Jr pcstl'lm. 'ThA 80r:I'(:odCh has t€en to create ~r' Imp~~,8iiJnof L; hi~II1~1 pOIist-.::d G.r<1 srrcotll 9urfocr;;1 rnGit;;tlliQ I~HiJ, A~ ::I tQOlY'oqU;:l, Il r ~!!OW:.l (; o~~'y wi~1 lhiL U!;j~:,;:ri~u 10f ,,1'I~U,ll: ~FF~C'S, ~xuepr l'~al!:lll irl~~fl']O"l.ill'l' :"xliyg::;"aled ctl:li~ of colors has .

t~l'lf'l 1.~~l'lrl I larr.l-Arlq~r: =11 t.~,iJ';,~I\·C t,~ IHI': hAAn used rhlQGg~Qut 'lI'it1 an A.xtensi'.'e lise OT !e-leoto:! 00!8IS. The whole itl3JO relics solely Cf1 1"," 00101'ano ;:;11;Kjing l(..' rlod ill0',.l~lhQI.,. nc i '-'Ing-~. I·<lli U~ I 'J~J, If! ~~ Ii IbI~k~',g lellericrrns '.~tl!c:tl are shewn wth bev~l[Kj @.odgl'l~ ,aD.~lIrgti'l lO."d neat mask cutr ~q Is I'lA~n':!'lI, for ;;)Sl qnt irnpArf~r;tlfin W(),. :1!';(:O'" "II Jmr. ' t;d Aryj :':r:<l'1 'I'hl"! illl Js·r~tion

UNECONTROL
Llllie ~r.t'I'l:lrQlte.~h:r.t~q ues [jt~vX1L(I'P, w.i~h:p[h:cUce, th~'skiH~ nf-ed~d !n mn~mUJn~ arid i:lan:dJi:rlJ!the.

a~:t'bws..h_ l,l1.a'ppllcaliofl,<Iuy 01 ~tl.1' '~~'h'nJqLH.>.~, ~hflWn~a n. be m~t1 as p~:rt uf tne :o!~.n~mJ.IJWcess 'Qr t'I.rri""ll~g ;'I UI f11.~ishE'c'J I~I~ of ;nt'!)\,'mik,a n.d, more otten, in addin!! the hHj,~hiH& t()Llll.:hes wh~{"henhance tnp ~~c:ail of .. t
~milIlI~tr~t1UD,

US~i'ln'0'1 Fi'LII-er , " <l pt II;.: lu:;"lft!pn ~["co,~'s~ Ilne.o'illng spr8.'I'€O wil'h chI? aid l}f."l r .. o$r. The ruler :T1t.~1t:;.a t leld a.':. an angle until

tile lini3 is competed w~h:lle Gorr~cr. llir pres~\.."e, \N~!m usi'lQ. this ~GhniCjJJ5o~ ft],Sh6C1 ,art~\'G'I~ aile with;:; mask to protect the sncs ~f the liflEF, it i~ Qj',Il1;lYSactvio;)blo to ~0Jt and fin'· ISh th .. 1If11:'! flnthA mRRknn fl TI rattler tnan ~l ~tIe eUge~ ul ~I~ ~lJSlo.:od Sb<1/X:, to ",void inol(!Qihg any I:'rAgul1lMW caused by ~tartir'lg
,;,If

1J:;l~~OQplny lhO

-low

OfrTlJO'

J'lI

1'h1'{':~ H:A alri::m.Ji'.~. i~1

Fl'Mi'ltaOid Spr.ayllng TrliS pnOlog' aon cJernon~tr.W;)$' "' ~1ta!element it1the Slbili~y to oorlti'0 an airt<'ush, It show'S the treel' lamj I.,J~ of on OIitbQisll to prooLr..iCiino, str.!llghI ~oBS, T~ Wtig problern \,";,"~11 ~r"$L OJt~nlpting !his i~ tho tendflfcGY to sV~ linss whicrl ,:tJ"'I§ l,o~~oriJl!)e end::>; lhis IS b~OQ,'"SD of 'l'hA fl'ltl.J:=!i, 'fli'lwlnn rt"I()I/~t of thfl hl:!:'Kj li'IU Ii GOI'ISQ:UU~ ellOl'l is !Bq~!irec)to l:l<Fo-em ~

Us,ing Ma~kJing film This illustration srOW8 a rn&J<'IZ."M :'/.}\,I&:"", on which the initials ST tliO.~ ~~r;.'" drawn :hrce C'TICIlsiDrall~' on ::I ha.O:;fl rflpr~AAntlng a l.\'lOrpoint pef',;fJ'ilOll~f;l ·gn.cl. The lochniquo iniioh<ed covering tht'l a,1wark' ~"11h rr:aE!xing film and culfJfl\,j aimlg eaUl of trc g'id 'rtes: these lirie5 '''lere (:Iff ~cwm~c,whll~ t~ l::la-<)I'I. color of dark blue Wl>~ ~wrbl1e-'J, V~i!'!!i1'1 lIoa colo' ~J:JEi tile F'grt density, thE; fi!tYl Wa5 mm(]\i\'ld. and I'l paler t~lue was 0\'8"~Pi""'l'o:;lto tirit tho gl"d lines.

71i

Wh1.Le t~ e m~jfl Frau of an nh.!:Stt<!t~(')11w<!y ~ WlLlpkt~d! iilihh an. ;'!W:1<n_l~h. it is tTI1 kely tQ b~ 1~fi:wHh0ut ~my dtll\'i'[1 or hand ptl.~ntecllfirflnC"in, The IfasDIl i~~,,} e~tlIbli$hand de-

I !lJu;¢r~t~{)[1 d Sh()it:L~db~ applied an

\~hh the sause cMe as lh;ll g1\o',elfi to tne ai:rbrm.h:lng_ Sn On~'I'I, begl[lB~f~l~ ·O!t[lJrq:j~~hiBg ,t~~h· nfqu~~S~~ hning.iLl as a bo][iI1g

'lID~<lled,e(~H whichcocu1u1 not m.cr.es:;;fuHy be ~ppll'l'!d \.,~th t:h~ ~ilbW~l]~ .rr.>!i:Oili[di~~s, uJ th~ ~,k~H uJ th~ illl1s;rl'~t'O[, lintng-in becomes. tll~ref0rej a ¥~1Yhl'lpmtant pa~t fi1( the j1wceS6 D.feemple lillg all

(;lmI!;l-th~ final ~t:llj.'iestn cornpletallJil"o~k--wlLh. the CQj15e1 qlilell~e th.~t 11good. pteee of <ilfbru~!ling ~an ea~:Uybe; l'u.lned hy ~rLlshed
illg their

'TIW i;.i:l>$Ic:d~lOlIIS Olnd rON!

[ql

a ffir""· rmlilFl hav>'; kAf"j ~prayad In

\l'1;II'"!;.J 'i8lrjO\J~ II" II:I'ilki I:I.f Ie ~lel"1::;;.1i:I s a

<\p(:"IrQpriate

"md pQo(lidy ~pp~!ed h~.~.td-'!,.wd(_ Unir~!I:-in mtl.y be mmpl.etedl ulii:rJg pen!C1~, paun, CJ;ayon (~~Ink,
or ill!cQm.b~l':i,~Hnn ,nf rn~i!'Nia ~f'lr'I wj'lh ,~nyof l~)~ w,h.l;t,:iIH!i:": u! f

,~:r:l!W]n.g lids a"'ail~ble to mus tra< tal'i'i, men. a.~EI~I.p'.~~ t:emplilt~s m

flCl1!.:h
l,;i:.Il"¥~~,

J Fin.~I!)!,u~ing
r.AI"I~,

OJ ~ lOll ~~J'<:;d 'wl'"lile

, hhJhli~hti'; 1''101'.'8 b~t;n :;!r<'!~"'l4 in

lu (JlJfI'wl!:;l~ the ;:Ji~'lure,

l I-re:;ollt<J 10 l<ru::;IWiQrki6 flUW arplierl'(') ~I'iI'IO,,! ,It 'the fire' ch3tail~ 'oji.!iJ'1 01.5til::; <:y~I~~tl~a. \lIe iris. and tl"is. E?','ebf'O\fJs

7] - - ---

UQtJtD MASK[NG
TJquM n"l(1';k~'t'I,g ~ar~h IjW~·d by ~ I,!j~illg <I rubl;l!;I"1;!I,,,~~Ll~.vhl~jQU

w!'iid" i5 ,1l?pliedl !l) tl'i<! ~Hff1ilC~ 'wi.th ,Uecluiicil1!)I.m, The WHI' lu;erclaHy. ava~4I1bIe~'M!~tie'5.o~ [Iqll!d m ~,~k~TIig, ~() known all al

tC1~sld:n1!:fh~id" art uSlmlly un l!,;u ro assjSL1n ~he:~I .1ptJUc.'!tjOiln. V\ihf!.nd~v, they leave awater-

",wll~,i!li~:!,q1l:;<n~t1~ .. Color HIm (".lift 00 ~pnY'~d ~T and. aro'llnd Uli~ .r!J:btoery Sck(nfom).t!d by the dried. mll~kil"lg, and. ~hf mas ~ .I ~

Dm Pa!:'Mrn Sample 1 In 1hi~ $X."mpiG!. liqUi.;,;,m"-$i~ny

Ii:; I lAad

s.!.1]j~~u~nUy
;jlIW~'Y, f;..

p~~'L~u'l)I .rub1.:.!.!tl

to

,~.M.'IIE'l

;'l

I:'!V;'l1'l"!(j dC:1' p;o/I'-

kjl"lgc~ 1'1:' 1lI(11 tn (blfi'~g)I'

the surtace mJm. M~~k~niil fluid ~s jJilrL.i~ulo.l·ly !J ~MLi1 ~)r ('l:Wi?ring sm ~II: an rl
i.n:ui{~~.tccldilib,· w.tH:,:n m~r~' con"'~n1'i<)rI~ I IITI.Pth(\(ii5 f 1lt1.",'~ing o lJ~wmt: ~u!lnll1~r~UlIL(! anu dim~l.!lt r:o .,.ut ~('lL~llt.i!~~ 1r. It ra n h~ laid CHi (I .cl~,l.tl, !,lIn~(.m~ y~d ~l.ld~iI,;~ or [lve'r.l ~1dl ('l1F! 'lw.iiJ~,rn'Vi(Hgly .sV."ywJ. !i~wc~"~r"(linu~[~~in sur-

l~IT! ir! $o;!~t,:l!ilu t;U!UI~. Ir! II i<:: lir~t .stage, twelve rCl!Ohly eG...C!! <1<)Ot6 i of fi);Jia are laid down In th&.3 . hQ.Jlzon:;;t1 to .....8.

4 A ROC£(1d fll::!2'e of cum i~ spr'""r'e(l OWl :Yle I !r'ill- The lrtle oQl~~ is am:~rem w~ere iT CCio'erS the ~\'hire ~pau~ lelt by h:: 'Iirsl applK;a~0:" 01 masKJ1Q f'\_lid .

5 Tha !'i"'Ii:'£)~d 11IYf!!of m:;.~king fr,Jid is ren ,o.",(l <J.!'!Ua tl~"d upplled. T!~ v..hite ::lreM of the board· w'Iioh are ...iaj~.)I~ ere fm~ re8J:t ul the SG{;ord l$rje' of ma~hingfluia o~'Jj!1appttlgt'io , first

P 1

I~

~ I

, \t~ \~1:
~
~\

t)!~

tJ/'
~;

6 A bo'm gt?lZ~ of mbr ls snra;~€';'j (..'\ier U'!1ol wl):J!1;) 0IJ'<!!:l.

~,

,,<~ ~

(ltlvl~i;I1~ '~Q' L~~L the Iluid OH ,L 'aimpJ~ of the p!llpe! m hoard to 10.;> used. () n EOjnpn~Hnn ·of each sta;ge' Hl UI~~Hg m~::'''~ll!l f!yllfJ, l.h~ lJll,l~J::! ~md tn a[lipnY'i r ~h(llj ~diff ... tn.~f!J!.lgt I.ly d~~,r~~d tl'i;)~ll ~~ter" in

F,'!.(~~such as wll~h-tlni:shed beaeds lind pa,pers, extreme care i~ JL~{I(j~l.l wh~1 :[l,:n~ovdl!! t!a: masking to avuid slwiacoe fjbe~ bel,l1:g ,cjm:n~ged. [:t In doubt, U ts

,~~J I

..I "f ..JL,

_J'

::1 1·1~F9 first Olla;;~ of transparent the ~VGtercolorho.s bC8~ 3pm~'cd CNS and srcuno the m?.sking fluic~,

Tliev~r the 5<11111~ water wbich L~used to In lx the cotours fm ~JiJI'ayi i Lg ur d~"",~-Ij \b\ Uw <Ii rbrush, ~ n~~r'lr"]"ItM,'""li rig ""'it" ;';jj<'C<"s;"vC'~t~,~~~ ~p[,~yl[1 iti~ ~~;s~nti:Ol~ uf g, t'h~'t 1"~d, ~PP'liitMio!'l ff)f m~~krJ'ig
Uuid l~ HUow~d to uryt:hmm~ii!hJy,

3 ihtl

;')rig1'",~1t~.'~'i~

N_lf)t~, f o

m~Sk,-

ing fluid 1'la'lEi be::i'l·er.,lv::;.j by carEful rubbing wth a finger. b3.'_ing th('l whi: .. Q: ,he! co.;]rd shrw"i(lQ i1 1;1113il' OI(l,CG A ~eoCJnd P<ltl~ n Q' rf(:'lSkit't;1fh.Jir:i rt~l'~ i:,:,'I'~n ~r:rli~ 81!lu I:lII::Jv~eiJlv ury,

7 I t I~ 'illli.l r~~ull i::l vi~it;le or I l'l~ removal of 0e Mirj !$rier of !!'8<Ying tluid. \latur81ly t is p::la~ibe to :s.dd several 18ycrs of m~l~ng fl'~lci end ;:on 2011]a r. ,;Tlher ("if nl.'l?A~ !'Ii'; t:~~ ":;-J, Il i~ ::ll~t,< WQ~~ QI~ to ::lpfiy

:lIe

rlla~kirYJ Iluiu

\i.,.jt~ IiI I

clearly

ce;lned pararreters on occasions

se:lr"adhfj,.~i'.·f> rn~sking film ar Oln~' l~!hii)rl:'PI3 Q' !"I10sk 1$ inappro~.'I'A. Its up"e ('i€penrlr, W': mi_it;:!'1or \,/,,:011 ~3 to be achievec.
',\tlE:11

--

---

P~Ii'Uai Fl~ovalf ,of bfquid Masking 1 Fh'li)lnor=J'lwst~of m;;lsk.;,;tg Huh; ~I'A ""pp!iM co the: board, ..

:2

ThAfif'i>t

r,lISli':8 t.Jf t!"8.nSP~fBr1

'N8Ileruuluf

IIBE be~;1 sprayao.

3 In t~\S st:1QC ~10 first ICfl'ei. c I masking fluid 1"\,1:". rot b'lAh C:o:?moletoly l"QmQvl3(j. T"\!j i~ ddib8"litr:o ,1nd! 'os ochi.A'iAn hy ft!bhing a fir~r ul1€'...'Gnly 0\0;[ 1I1~ surlaee, \i\otll;:n I tr.e fI'lqlJlrarl i'lmCoi.lnt of white sur f;;l};)e i~ VIi3lule, I> 'ileGor:d glazl'l of ectOr i8 ~prJy'Cci.

USing a Fluli rig Pen Lql.Jid m!'l:<;i~lnn app~1 with ::I luling pG(', <U10w~ fur I~ie linear CI'l-f.!l1lto hA rlra'N!1 wherethe '",l1i,8 o-f ;l1e ert..... ,.Yk. or 1l [l1rev"Qi1.~I~'~prno,'Arl r-,,'11'P. color ShO'A% throuuh OrllOll ~.Or~:irI!J·, In all C:;SflS )hA ma!';klr.q 'til Ji:;i muM he OiIlQ'i~"8d to C1rVlnOr<''!J\:!lllyll~I\.)'r:; SP';;'ilfifl, ,ILJ~1@!\ 1'h~ ~PI"i;lWd coer must <lI~ b~ ,,!lo't,'eu I,~ ury 'i)::;I>;y~ rAl'"Irl',1nn 1'f~ fll II.::, llli~~lit;ulB;' ted".' qLJ.9 i¥.qIJiffi~ extreme· Q&!;. "th:::. "0'"10:)'/8.· ,~ tl")S' r~l::;sklfi\; 11 b~:'";1u&'l t1E'1· ~{lr.'l~,o;r:[ Jid coor is caslly dc,rn;>.g;d, Vt/11i!~Il i~ posslbla te dr;livJ I':.tralght lirles ';'i tri mo::;l~ny !!\.-!i() or a 1';")1 ~lh-AI .iFf('lr.:l?d bC'-'I"<:I.o. t-ffid (.:!"lInl.!-CkJ.v surlace is prilffOrabll'l. as U·,;,; IiWI~ ulll·~ wl:I.'uare less lI~err '1'0 ber:,;ln",'oed by "fun·ir.;( .I:I! Id~rrl:J\'al Dr roll of ther-iesk ~~

.1' n thl~ AX!lFflpt;, a St.:!ri~ 'of! "()ri20m61 hr !~~ t lave been nJIA{j USing m::!~klt8flvd 1110$"" ""l:lll~i:i'I'·i over~pr:I;I,V;;U,

4 Tt;~ remaining ma:<;klnofil jirl if, rJ1Ci1liren)O\,li3c] , Wilil tl Ie l~r~llJllt<Ze smw1rr;; (;11'lOIr.V the"&lr .oes ard On Of;f}.:!i;JJ1[ Ig ~'i~ualti at ths fmnt. '.vnIlA th9 second gtJ.zc ;;:PPQ;;Ii"~as a

b;;l.Ch(lrOp. AgiJ.ir, ).$ il ! l!"!~ ! Ir~l o:xampl>"i, !'Irirlltlr:n:'ll layers o1'Mth lieuid O1a"'l~ngtJJ IU yh:ILi::5 cwld be :'lrld€d if desired.

2 \1"Ihl'Ol1 ,~prav~q with ~v"m~tt)o!cil" or Jouc:ChO. i. ~ w~'i~~l~e (!;;rrK)V~ to ths dr'E=;(i il~:kino ~uiOiWitll ,llOtip m o! i:IJ! art kr lile blf!ldOl. as sl1ov.'~"E=;~. V,/itil waterproof :)(;,)'liO$, It 18 fJoo~ible to r~rnc-v.;:! ilA m.'l& .~I~h fin~ g<:'!1il~, <:ilmQJg 1 C!;Jr'i:j i~ ~~[)ire!J w~~n %,)r.<l"lng ~('). .ire~errt a build 'Jp ( of ,O;.I."·'l[lll;;l bincs theflukl psrrnanAntl,' to the a<twul~.
7J.

-----

---------

LOOSE MASKING Th~s H".fe,si:O the LIs.€ ofp.:llPe'1' 1Il11li1 GII[d,tmllITi! mll~ks wh.L~h. d.'B[l8'nd-

111.& Oil use, give .. ¢~~,,;tbul ~Jt

d~llneE!tl(l111lto tl::ie ,~praTf!(t i."rlg.~, Be~det'lglv!.ng ~p~'ifi~ ~ff',.'1,;t~, Iaose 'n1.a~'kji1'1,gl,~~ 1']} ri rk method or~l~myirlJi1:areas withDut b.a·vtng
to .'! ~

(,olre is t.lken wLth the direction of ):'€fll,dLlat s;prlly11'1l" l1ef1m~'nC€ ~bu~Jl~~J:.ub~ m~J!; to 1\~vL"'1)
SF~,WJ~n, lCi~N ~ ...nn~(lA~1"I 'M,\~lI:rN'(: <In

[~!iel¥l'til m<li~!tl!lg fJlm, as ~on~

2 111 tN~ e..:a;rnpIA mA r.'lPE'lr

'!1~~

P;"i',~1l. MI\S';I N~.

neia a (.1i9\OJJ!OO <.!WOl,y lWI1 tlB C!!iw-orX, whio" alIQwt:' tor 'IIOrE: .cOlD:' 1 ~ to spreed under lhl'l mask, This q'to.'fi, a much sofiei: flr1;l.)1) luH!~ ~Jg~: thiq ~nf:nA!';;I\ rraTd1";<i;lty ini."ooses ;he !ur II !~ aWIi:Y lile jJlOljJerrna5k is rrcrn t~.'lr1vJor:.:.

.,,1 (;l

U$ir19 Paper Ma~k.~

1 Paper m.')&ks out accurOi.rel~' to ~ pre-u~l!O!rn\ l"e0 .<ltllil.:Ie ere laid rll~orl'if 0-' tr.e 8rPtJOfX a!">!:1sPral;cd O~er w,lh 1:1. vari~ly of di1f&llnt

Be~alJ8i3 lila p,lJpP.I' ls Ci,~t" Y in ocntact '.·.dh tho .o.lh'lOI'l<;, me . !lagl*'; aM rnlrJ:r' well df'lfii'lOO, wi~h cmty "" "lnOlII ~W!OU! II 1;;1rl::~idulil.l PS.I"'t ,~I'¥.':p!~q ~rlamA9th, ;,
8t\B.~,

4 rti~ ~OIrT1'i: (o·n paper masks am iJsM h8rE1. lJu~ polO' ClW[JY' :FQffi too :1;1;'[ w~.vk;,gi·..irliJ HIE: sof..;lr eff,eet.

3 Here papsr rr asks

;!It'Q

IJs~d

""G.PIf, oul on ;hI':> occasion l"E: rl3per Is ,on ra,her th;.m cur. This
'ii!.~I:wlfJle ~t ICWS ltn~ e·lf&:.::t v,'t):ffi t~!l mask is laid dlrec:t,y on the D.1WC+. Tha in;!,;; ,liar te..xtLJre. (l: thA tnrn I'lrlgA i(;. ilCQUrOl~11 l'I;,iprWl.lcerJ,

I.;Isi!lfg 'CIm:I board ~Cl.lt ea!Doo..'!I'QJ, asshown 1181'8. gr.'8~ very rnueh the sa/T,o!j sffact as D-I~' p:ap6!", &tnOlJ'1fI1 is p:J~:;lbi!il ~~~ [;If the tncr€lasBcI;hlckn~S1> to '[mit til£' amount of ~du~ ~Jur &¥lPlng Liflr';fjr t~ {NlSk,

CLot r'..ardboora J~ LJ&lIG <"lipln, hut 'nGI~ .;:lW;ly from the ~(_',~'O"k, gi,t

:2 Tha

Inn g.;;)ft"" adgAl'i,

:J;I,cp~ Bri~r1 Rr,;ItJ~Qrn

,to)l

,iii. "t::rustled

iIiUstf"'.;tion '.I.rl~()ft,i'l.'1

show t"<J usc: Df "iOJ~y ()I11'f!;1[\,lI'll~,e(;llniqLJf>,~.AI~h()l.J~"trA e'lKoI ,... aft",,., hw~il~ dw;J~'~ci~'il :)11 FliJo.!Mto.:i!l;IN(cl,it tg unllk"Aly t~<011 1I1\I;o;tr;'lllcn will be .'In O(;fl'pl!;lh:Kl willlc'Jl r~QJ"3e t(,' lll:Jre tl'iOin 00,;) masking OJ :sP"ll.y"g tech f'liqiJ;:;, 1 !'e 1lUU'IIe II'Jslr<li;OJ~ fa'~ ease in pCfflt ~ ~,hD', ...s ':198 Lise 0; eose r"laSKI"'g to a~;"'.zl:.'oa a partkular ~niSr" V,/hila the TlDjo"it~, of tr¢ COIG" ,. ail> 3~n ilpra':i~d '0\1 th had-A:irJArl ~lo.sl<.S.l!W jOlI'I~~· ~11.:lu~~ (,,:(1 [I'';; east-lmn :';."Ii.ir:i'lfl~~ SIJrpo'ie. r"':We l.)~n!.>pt<J.y.:iJ .... 1[11 1:\ ~.:l:J~e 1 mask,

held slightly: iJ'.v:;lY 'IVll the '$UI~o;J~'e of tt"iE!,~rtwmk, Thl!'; ;JI~AA 'hA ImF')raAsion of r~WOO~i1[11 lIw ';;!Iu~sy y "'~<'ifTIeled finish c~ trc rC\1l1 ~ling, 'Ni~tloot appeating VX) sg.,~, as halder corrrasts \""ould rnf)l~ lfl~11i IDok chrornsd. Vo,Ircn assessing ·,\}11IQI1 l~0i1r II~~~ Stl0lJlrI 00 LJS<'l.i, film mill~kl~q: 0r oosc m8sk"'Q,' cor $h:ler,Y~(/ir 1~~:jS to he! gl .... to thi=l a;'.o.!Z;lrA:i~nlRh ,m:i, '€In [)$ inlporlar;l. \he l1l~l!;)n~h> <II Id: ~j;..ff!'lo~ fil';;:;r,~s Jeri ~ ~n~""~C! Ir, M!h:;." f,!<:!r':(; ~I l!!1:l Illu~lrlilliun, \(1H ,Iil\jain, I'lI'A-planninQ i& ~IOC;flll

~:o:Jn",.Ab~o:rbelilt
Bll~i> 10

GoUtm

sp~

o~~r tm'l Ta~ as w€1Ias l'he

T~rntre even more hazy, obstract

be; spraY>'ld, cotton Is QI~ UW artwo.:!~ OJf!!:.! C~F.'(SPf~)'&:'!, his (;;:In be I;jx~r~y T ~OO'J...e \"t!!ili1. f(.'f ~X"I nple, s'lylizoo ~e$ .,..jlh soft C;Quj~ arc nor:cbd, ~r.l);)Ui;~1 Uiil1l 1.il ~qLJirnd not to
13.pCD, in place

couen. 0' to Oil!(..\w r~~iiJual ~f.lrOl,/ lu elY:t'OOch S!r'td oru..l5€' tl1€~i!t IC'lIelte 01 ttl": tap;: to h~r::oml'!
'~i5!':j!e,

75

---

--

--

---_.

OV'ERSP.RAY rNG
of lhe r~l1ge o:f in ~"Qlur} n~~nnd ~hllde a '!.'l'iII make ttapparent ll'l~tthe Ims~ Qo:l{)rot an obleet: ts rar~lv seen by l'Ld61f.TI~~·fefl~cuv·c .
'Y;i!JLJ~

K~W'I nl'\serV,ltiOfl

'niltur~,nf

'Iight m~8,i'I~~I'I~t other

u~LI.!IH'l.

ooJ.m:swHl tiJ.E l:nUUdecl,

:rTOHI ubi,eeLs or m].of~ irnmedi:iiLl.<!-

Iy Uiff\flil 11di:ngc ttw pri i'lJri pal O~j ~~l •.,H..dditiAJII<lHy! thw UJml}IJ~i· HM. (1£ ~D'rn~ SUj1;lJ_~ct:5 rnN rl5, rh ar Lh~ oj;;[.llrus <lml ~hi!d~s COOIl.Qt- b~ ~I!I'IMa~,Pd ~r"9_yed \111 isolation arln hum eucn oti],er:, '1'ht~~h~n [e"lI.~re' the <l!ppHc,1Il1on Ov~l':~[lrf!Yi;~gto f!(l(lc,I·p'l~h;iorp, ~,nd

or

3; Ti"8 dl"!'i~'iiinn I:r;,~CM'!iB~ '....ith

furm,

wh~n ,1 r:rbms..hll1g' ls similar Hl'

'l'h~'lIiili

of o\'er~pIilyi:n~

,tl"'''i:rp~lml:ngami ~Ives deptn and hq..;ly to Q S,UbjlOCL

ri~r·:c;I:\.:lp;;()f th;7~:';t ard th""rr.oer !ti:'·ls I:lre i;;lJL in ttl~ film, Sl1lrjng wi~1 me trfJIl!IJ,Clw rfo~!,is !O"!"ovQJ oriel ~ nQ~a: t!'Fl !':rray,ro !s @rtier.l·Ci.U~
wilt I a m~ljiLJI'TIl'r..l'lf'ALJ~nq an i .appropri;;t!m QQIQr !n :;I::JU!i.Ctle,

n'~lng

11m<;InC] (;~I~lf,Mte!~le l~

11nlC p-e 'IIinar'j dro.wl~g of 0-

clerched iisttas b8E;:'ldrawn in porcil on d:J,(;;'Iip:ipc'" Wilh tl'!f.l '~C!l

$.hacloo in.T!wse wi!! b.; a u~elrul r~f,¥;!¥I(;F't "~her, spr~Viro

~ClllG)$ 'll;~

Irnj;(Id~,

4 Darker e.."laG05 am adcecii ewer lhJ rnediurn Pl)(~ll. ;Mus ~cr!laslng th~ ®.pOO;f!xt dcpth of th2 $Looj~t

:1: On($ the ~Jr:;!ving has been G()r.. f::.:::tW, the outlines ,,115 tr!'ln~.f€lrr1'id to illu.strati8n bC8iD.

$.f! ThI"ls;pr;:!yin(1 ~I @'ICA rdt,' Pll.lOO~ctll will'i oor;:I1inJJI\~~u;;JJ. finger I.;ntl ali nave boon moda'ed with TlA .sirt:H:usr, Ur:Htg He rned~\lrrlatl.~Qe~, ,At all tirn~ tho scpaFijtc m~k piece:; eire Q;lt ,8n(,!1IWiq.er!l tn:'lll:::lw fcr aC[;lJrats rep(i~liQf1ing. In ~ IWi.:l~t such (is this, gOOd oontrol of the '~itll1.JRt\ is £€:sRr.tl!!ll dUB to sa.me .~iOO$ r~!rir.g 0. n<;lrdQ>jgQ;jfinish, ~'ot\§r'ijOrrll ~inger ls touc:ln~.,g its ne'gnbor, out where a finger pins Ule back 01 title tl~.d, !l5ub'lfoll freehand lccnniquo is required, The depth of crmirast must Itll~o Ol'l ci"lraftJlt~l OOflIrUW, !;() ~r!a1 ,,;()rnplal~! ul ~!H on

tf!cdelii(l of the .form, there

S no §\i1d!lnoe of

fdru...... , cd

tt:13

3'eQuencB

9·12

nw

prOCi3(>$

1(0

tJ3PGOIMJ 1i!1ii1~: i~

~-ll!'.i!'>q thFl nravlC:l.is:¥ hirq;¥j

rr a;,,"it:~,uul It'!i~ UnII,,' ,~t!

()\j~-I;f)r;jl','Ad

'.v 1'hthA

d:'lrkFl! ~h:'lfle.

1 <1 -\'Vhi}r, hO!h tor.;'!1values tli>W been spr:li.yev' onte tho 1IrrOl&"S, all 5ep.1ir.atelv nin[.l!ld masks are comple<li;!y fli1lrKJVi;l;j rrorn ~ GlW~or..:, ThFl m;;(jILifrl shad'Ol is nen 3f-irb-y~ I reS'·I.J{JdlO rnodol r,}-Job0Ck of tre hAr.d il'n.d thA 'wnsrt.

b;;Lok'(jf tr~, hCtnd,

1 6 The ciarkem sh~,d€l is ad'JB'J, ~~'Imart"'''' O'v'e' ttl!~ :;t l!;l~l!~',' area on thi}

17

Thi:;, am.'Dr;'; is t:tJ['IIFJ6'leo (;f1

pie(~ cl rr )ll';kln;; fi1111, i"ll('lf"lAndlng 00 t~.z:sze am:l pw pose gj ~tI~ i1iu$1l';.'ltion. ;;dditiQn~1 .::Jet,a11COe, d hA ~'irJed '.'i ttl pEo'! I(.:il and brusb, '

r,.r PQlj,;l! of

too final

te

1 4 1\ I"fIedl~lrr'Hiark shad@ is r IU~'I o'... e~prii)fed Ii.) inol~ comrast and 10 lr-.diO<lfe n.'llurID shadow.

1. 6 Finally, $I 1Ii;t1',"Ur,'1t Rh;;;de, which Ii'. almost p'Jre W" I!;;, IS O\'~I'\:ipr'(iod l'.) add highligllt8 to M~ 'In(1Affi snd kni_ir:kla~, '

--

--

-_

----

_
I

Rl1UNG
UN~fI.,11;-iN, c1r11w.~llg waigh tllncs \,>'Itll~ l'il:ll~'t Is iiln essenna I tech-

'l'bJlictfler wHh Uf>:~(Xl'1'<,ROt. and

l!1ied Work.

r:CI~U~ ,~ddlIl~ d(t"'~~l1 ftl'.r ilnOJ tin:l§h tt'l ~,I'l~l!"b[l.l~ned, nltIos:Llm'1"iol1. It I'DIlI~t never be rushed; as U Q[lukl 50 e[lslh' lI1KiKoe o.r milt th~ .fht-

..

._-

Usi,ng tl'le Allrcru:!;n A line is ti~:.ng spra~"ijiJ U~I '9 OJ. ruler, h1'lld at an ;:mgll'l, !'If'. "'1'1' aid, Thi$ ~"ie~ OJ, olel;!.1: Ilrli51'~with 'il:lr;inQ Ci~nf~o. df gradated5l18de extend ing from th88dgElS .of tha liml, ctlp;;lnotf!g on II !St strer !y1t I 01 H\ii:t!'urrr and 1rEO air pressure a!llY;ved
~r"UjjI!'l

ttulllJrt::ru;;h, cWiih 1!l8SpMSgr;;uny,

wr'e,

th$ I ne ~V0JIChlppC~f

iJ!;lng a FlI.!i!n'j!i I?en Th9'1rnd~~!.!1 OIn~ il"dispen~I:ro rul It;: QO~! 'G srUJWI'l l:J~ingua.ed agains[ it t;sqcl~ffi. \I!.'h~ lIe<tI(l a r.uling pen. 1l;jI'll ml,J~l' tie. l<.J.I<&rI to rnJ1!;'J~tEln 'th~ s~mB;.'!:n~.::!rhroughout1fle IQng~h of U~"'lh'~,l ilJ also irnp::ori'antttl halo I Itw., ~~nat d 5ligh~angle tQol!1'; T· ~~ar", or nJiBr t,,,) pra'o1~rit p<1lm Or inK ~f)f':y:nOQdPlg urd~rrleatt~,th[') edg!l.

ILJsJlrngl a Paintbrush T"k$ .pI1!(1~OJrl:llJt·1 ::J1U\'1Stt'l~ iliuslI'a· tm'rlr.'lv~iF'i!1a r:e:tn, even liri8 ~ntr. a OilJs I, U1.:lIPi;I i:\ ruler to e!liSl,:1i'! strO!ightr'®ss,1l1is tGcl1!'liqul;j rl;lquirea <lle~dvprsssurate Frl<lln'.'lln 1'io.'t('i thiCkncss olQng l! I~ remJlr€d ~'lg1'f1 ofth~ ,"!et,

A ~'i!Ir-"Qt:I!-,:~ei~l~ 1'I1;t:ltle~~tearrl power p1arn

Potter Jarvis This fJ1Ji'l;!':N""li:arte:r ~19W parspectl\'!~ iIIuWation ~'>!<;J~ comrressicned ~ Arr,,'; is [lr:ok~ I.. ,rj fm 1ihE'!· h;)nk as Grfuil~ Sf'!'IOiir J; 1/1~ MOO!i;!," &'IIfJ, ."inrl i; clearly ~l"t$tr<'l.1:ei::, the <Wpiicalion t::! K"L •..,\3. andl ~Ni':(i" N wiltl a tl.\!ing pot1 and a fin;;.$:1010br~h. Tha t!'lchniqLlA adnpti'lrd f()lh"l:WAfJ c:nnv'AnLr.JI\OIJ rI~,l~lW~ 'Iur Hie pr~f>'Qli:;(lk.)!1 ,ul full-color, ~JrbriJ5hoo i'l1'lW(ltk: lor ~rududiol"l, u5'ng rf'lask.l.l'lglilfn. H(Wiever, the subject is made up of many sm;;J.~ C:~l"ip(lnEmts '..nlch CO\.Ji(J rot be <iirt>H.Jsh~;iI!~d wh!cl-!

re4uir~ti l::i:>::l::;O:':;;;P/i:lI~ IU" PIi.U·i~,,",J wOrk. !,'l 8r'JditiOl'l, it waS deoided to prl'l~<'lnt jT,.g S'~bjgc,t ir a n€:w, ur.>l.s~ . stBI.Q 'Nhich ....... enhance me val~ oulo ous c(lmpor.ent~ i.lnd tha matE>.nals. fiorn. ~,,\t!4htifley ·'""ere made. but ,.IkII"h wc:uld all>(l a11"":l oontrast l>!ttw::;€n IJ Ie di 1I.s'!:<nt sur hi100s ar!(J tre way tJ"ey had teen machinecl or fi'Ilist\lKl, To creal€: ~0IT1'i:i 01 tInE con-

liUt I~~r If lix ol1tl~ ~ (JulCi', Ihe detC'!il. H!OHUOHra Ma ooi"rl:r@6.t on the M~'€ts tla'.'B b€:ffiapplied with 8. brusll, os havc the coges of the cum These llre JIflnd~FI'ld in two shades ·of red, to $ho'!N thk:I<YIQs~ of !ho aluminum. w~h l'I".R ~:ill'(l AIi(1Ar:-GkfI:i \"lilt In a ~ef{ Iig! It gr~~', !ile tt Ie '.:I!.$IJ.:k:w ,~ ' has been piCk-ed out with 8. furh gl"""~y ThI1l FEl:l c~.stings fO!'ming part

tro

,w

All air'tJrus'leu muslraltm ~U~'fl ~ tt~, oompoo'OCi 8.$ it i~, of 80 m~n}' 8"[lg, d~lE<ils, requires an e)o!:tefl~i\'e U[,(:) 0f hand-rendereo ruling ar..d lr,ing·in, /J.::l rr]uch, if not mere, oatcnco is needed at this stLtgC of an Illustration to MSI..1'I'l that thl'l finis! liG (;OrHfj<),LllJlewilt I tn~ qualily ~ the airbr,LJshihg, Ine;.:,p.::ri&loed artists shadd ha w.:;,ri of rl.Jshln;:gIts
(P,'Qr1!( ..

trast

{!.

n,Jiing PG.ii1'No,:;o used.

Cirlh~ boi!erf,wngs

\!,,$"'i)

flr$l '$pra~QI;

Tha alumlnnm c.~F;lrrg whlar. (;(:('1[I:'Iil\';:IIt Ie bciler, j)UIHP~ ~niJ lwil1t-yMd8t steam e.r.,ine has 5ti'$igh! lir'ieS on ttlOS€ edges which would show ashadow. Ec'gGs facing '!he Iqht W.J«':e! ;:INOl h ~nhl[lhllghtM wllrl IiJ Slnl..gI'il !in~\'iJ' en i~ a :11l.1Ct""i

~..;::.paQUB whiM highllgh[\g <Inri sl'l!:l.oow lines were applied a1Ler .. ve ards by h.'lflO, The '0"358 ""'uts also have a sprayed base G-:obr, with Sh.o.ct:r>NS and high!igms subsoquoit Iy aii:iI'l;1 .. This anrm ... ,achhas hAfl"'1 OJ~(,~pl!;!rJ li"'''!Ju:.lIKJu[ li'"le il!!J~lrE!~b!,

...

SCRATCHING BACK
'Ih~pol!'U i),[ ,<1 nl?~1/ anart DB khLt"~iJ18ue Is all ef:l'er.tl'!.'e and l;ndwpe~~s.JJbIel.Ool fU.l··~.d)diIlglllt: f h'lghillg:ln~ ami te)lt1Ir~~!'I1 n~l ~tf/I.Ct[D'Jl~~ti~~~ wJ, af {k.>t~iI h,i U ~ tpuns

Ll\efll:l'i:m of an ~~~~at~on and ·Md.~ ,cr~spn~Es' '00 lor"Tn ,~c.h.~~'ilf' th~ clL~I,;'l, lllFlo:~I.!j;f<!(.~ uf tl..L~ arti'l8lik [5 ~J;~tttlro 1J,~ck wexpose
l~ l'j,tJ:lte Q~~h,~ bQ,llrd.

iI'h in H ighllights TIle L ,uiSlraton of part of a paL<;j:t~ 3i10WS oro use of 01 on ~I~ Oio,d~ lQ scratch back 1"1'<1, \NhitElhk:lhll;:Jhtl'; A~hmjgh nr:t \i"'''~ ~\.~rleor p!{lIlUUIl(;~d, II 1:ry1:lJ'::; .::m::ugtl to !ld:::l :.0 tre t]ll"liity.ry' the finencd IluGtIDton.
on the [;Y8,lgllt

,in:;l QUiVf3Q e(.:)2#:';,

Spray&dl"H9iI'ilI'I~h,ts. m l'k'l; ~'twQlh ,;A an <J~tl!;'!iU ~lit::ir'tJ tht'('l,)gi1 '"i'\;l,;fiSj, SOrmChir>g bCiGr( .. is IJ~C to @r~ancf; thEl m!l.Gl~infl SIJfrace finish of:hG bti,;1J;!e "'!'!~~,() cr~~l,"" ;'l. spr~v~('j hqhlight ~\'hiOhe,'!rl.1haSl"~~ li'<:; (Jut ~'I\,)' i::d;,.!5 01 the blaoe,

ihif;K Highlights: h lhtl f.I:<:<Irr(pk;i, highlights 111 thFl ~W, Gyilbi'QwS a..-!o !i!0ge ~urruUI d1 i'q' [h~1;Io,1A.~ f"j,Y"i'l r::.een Sl!btl~

:ot:'fMrJ"~dout, gi~~no.er!1p..~as<; to
lh<:3elealure~ ,

61

S.PA'rI'PRINC
s.p,~.tti>rLng~n be achIeved either c tI-y lU..... i;hflill' Un:! ah' Pl~s,~ll,[e ,iJlnwed th~rltlgh the 111~nllsh, or r by titt~H!il iI :51jJ l~t:~!:!:t: cap in place or the :U~U<ll Ilome', Adiclit1(ma~ (onU!)1 i~ ach teved hy Vm'liIl~ th~ d:i~t~I:lce th~ ilirbrL!~~~l!:; held away
flOfJ,1f U:1:~ anwO'.uk a ~djH:;.dt'lg f'nQ {"fimb:ln~d amoum of <lii:r u w,] m~h.HH \<;'hiCh b allowed ~l]rn\L@:1'i tM~a,it1~ri:~sh. The etrcct

no

b w'!ll..~ il );~~pvled. gratneQ OL' fin i;'I;, ",it'll. \'a,,,,1.ng d-emltl.€~and

.~lli~~~ut~. uf

ll!?C;ltI5e a 5pJI~n~fr~['I' C~n ere' ~t.e quite, 11 cmde tunbl!, p'f<!(.;~i~<;! is n,,'qllil'cd bclCl!1;! auempring W use Ihi5 t~1iJ1'iIiqu~nn senous

i t.l~ tll:i~~<;! ,:_.""n'o'<stra';Cs tr,~ bi;l3l!.; ~'!eO', OOluinw if~hcn ,-,sing CI splatter <';~fJ IIlli!lJ l(; airbrush. -'~C V,!!Ififiity in d~mi ly I:!:!J ~ii.~ l;uols !$ .achi<.!voo lI:y cGfltr~lIing :h~ U ".:;Ill;l! 1(,;" '!'haAid...1 "sn I~ hald ilwaj! :fUlT\ ttl::.' r Jrtwrfk N(,:~A m;:t'~fl~cf airorusn inc'JJcK; the epistler ~':;;'1r.'IS an acces-

.,n

lllustratlon
U~

'NOlL

!iu ..... ever, the n d and

s()r)!

(lC" ~pl ~ttm ~.<'Ip dnes have practlcal illl'pHCini.Qn~" H (.;<!nb~

lise<:! to [E'11re5erlt thi' espechllly

gTOLl

th~[~,byilU~ int~rc~t ~[W ~VJl'lr,1~~,

2 This ",~Oimr:~ :;;'~G!!NS afif'€ SlJi:l.il€f efoct 'Nhiot. ~ as bt>Sn ,.o~'ocI frnrn bI :::lill'!~'!1 j liOZZlQ b'oj u~ih;j .-J~crea;oJ'i:l air ure~~lJri;,

when th~ pTincip~l sub-

i;e.c~ of iI. pul:~:;h~t~ Imtml:li ut ~~Il js <.!~u b,,; (;J~~JilQ ~e.p1~5ent unmil· thl~ed q s+ln g~()~.he <;;L1.r~aoe or.a t ~rc:L'~Cln1:'! a c~:tllwa:y iH'tl~t:mtj:LJil~l, ~ lu iQW(;! b uJil lhle~exarn.p].~$., ThiP,

use

f'j~

~pm~tl ~ g

t.fIo

create te,,;;tu:r~,

~mJth.~· ii:t:Li~h~d~k'l'~cl.rm,r:n lr, does nor rrr~hJ.d{l,: !u me In mklHl~, ~iI ·~-OHtrt)n~J i! manner, .rQ~U~and tnnf! tfl as'hia[1'f .or on'iect, 1\",0 p~a:c LiiC,~lCI€mOTl;5:~ri':!t'il1I'l ~ ( ~re Included 1;ler~Wh.ti:ll LJl~U,l~~ hu ..... 1);lHc~m:g can ID1? II sed W ~ Si!'n u 1" ~@ :~.[i'@.r'IH[" tIP.x'l:ur:es.,

U~a;r;yEnEH,::~
Lsif1;;J a ~cl1u l;h:~:,)'l ur blu", tJ12-0{ ha&"l to the ~d'Nu'k, viJl:;qu~ W111lr;:s i r:1,~r~p:'l.V·:>.d thrclJgt·! ~ ~[)IOI.lle' UOI:J

to gi',~:"iFi imp-sssicn 01 a gala;.;y 01 5;_~r5 Thi~, (':{lulr:l Dr;; fl Jr.hilr V,K)r:~!;O{j on I}li app!yinO hanrl-ralnt.,rl or ~8r;:)yOj "5ta'bLlrgt~,.'· Tha i'l:'l!':A

(,;OI'l,"J,'in~J nd ;:ho initial stars ovukl a alS':! I,)c; ~P'~(;lj \.... [, 'iOliclV c' th ~"la:::l~ ar Ie CG():8,

$lit;l!lEl'Fini:o.n
, 1l't'~ ~t IIJ'i'I~ 0I1f.: method of 8pi'~V!~ eo ~tQI"!~, I he shape th('l I';:Mrre I~nl~l dr'a~·moil t::Oflrd mld th., '1!!lol~I;IHl!;l. 'S. oovff'oowlth rroil~,"~ino IJIII,~ll1hth~ SMp;! aI the stone Cut r wt,G:JLJac:hF! I.,~ Sr;-.""ay.ad throogh OL 1~;)\3:!1'fCi<lP,

0'

III~ lorrn 01 tt-e stens I~ rf()c:lAI¥'! ~Sh@rl;'H~ ·0~e U::lI"g !l. standarc ~0.27.1;'l.

uy [J~'~r3pr!:lyinQ trw.,

2. t\ :I>xCfld QO~r. ~t'Jl·lI~' ligh~\2rIn ~~a.::I~,s 11(..""" ~prori~, ~;;::)a.i1 lJ~11"Iq i ills $~!~J~~r ap, c

4 ThE; m~~klnn filrr· is remcvec fiol""l tt'll'l .'lrt'.I~r.r~,1'6'.'8alin'l :;. simpt; QUI. ('I:t~c:ri~'e I'€noer'~g of 0. "tl)n~. '.'\iIli· 'fIIF!'~ prac:tCc it I" pl.,.l~Il.!I\:,1 I.u

inolS-~ tile variEl1)' of Rhf'lrlAS and the nurnbsr 0f r.cl(l1's, f'i~B() to inc pain: of ~,,~irq thA ~rci.:rtercap

Rubber '!f-e)(tlJ~e '~ The sscond L ~<slraWi\ d6'HllJ!l s;tr';:)JnQ thfl .;)p"li[,~'ltl:)n of 1:\ sp!al~~r ('):'lr, Is; it t~tinnul;'lr ~iDX ""hldl It, 5DCfN""d I Isinn ·...'A1<Cf~r;l()ct0 ",,~er<'!61E! ,~ nio<!o,,,C"ir tl.ihh;;r. Thl~ @"'arnp!e agalf <,t,aobn~"l tr~ ;!';t;l ~. C!0l!'d rczzlo D.t1d the spl2!tler cap I" \11@ rll~l lnstonco, 11-.;:-,,~ I::, O');IWII .,nO UIO artwork covered wi:!' II l!:t~!~r!1:! !i!n'., Tre oasc $hi:l.oJ;;;S~l;:; spr <Jy'iiJ.:! u~l'1g '"'<;!r~ 100:.; air pr~8SIJ.f~, L:l~II\I"I\,l \'i!I!! lr!!il f,I3.C8 rJeeFeSl lo ltle ·ub::r.::r>p.;',

2 Tl"1e t~de or 'I'ha i"\n:>; 'I'; .;'l)(r,r.&=;d and sprayed. C!gain IJ5inn Wlh rhA l;l¥ :i2.rd nOZZT and r'1';; :;)pl",tter cap [0 uU'.'Qh:.lP 'Lf'Q texture.

sOFayed,

3 tl,~ top ls Ii -,;,; r !~I ~ur !J.(;I,;! lo bs h 13V I'ullu'king li·~ ~(.lLJ;:;rlce illuMrmad, there I,~no flBi::d to p;::OMer tl'\~ Pffilll;")1 J~ star,;';;il with 1!1C1shir'J filr"l· & 1~(,;AAslvA :o;rra,'ing~ incroaco the ton:;!! :"1F'1rrh.Nr:; 0f'1tor' 00>2B thiG GPc~! up ~he pr·jt~:;p;, hur Il P!(,i\'QiltS errors \i"Jhicr-' Gar) ICe "1~;, ~)I n.;:p~iticning t-c 'ilm ·n,:,(::..:ur i:;l.l~"./I !_.i1.'I"II!.;,~I~ to.... :D I': rcero ds uld!J!' !',Iy J~\.JL~I<".,()dgoG (Yj tro finist·le):! ar twor ,(,

Bi rthday csk.e John 8reit!:oner T ~ s iIlLJs:'~tion d~rT'or I:;;lrd.ie~ <JJ I ~x~aIl81"1t :::lpp catiOl'l 01 Hie 'J8,:; ol ;::I'A'TFR \(', "';thol.qr, :: C@~ s:uoy will rA\I",~J 'tr.,:i1' it :'ll!'ln Inc.lut!9~ rranv o:Mr '1I';t:';hnlc'.I~:;1'. r:I~<:~.rlr.f:C ,r,1'his

.,"i(;'C;
.,'JOE;

o.dclecl by ony:,~._q:"'ii'i11'1.ring

then Cf'o'ef1';,Or,'lo,r:! en l'4A h.'l~~ ... , CQkJr I.,lS~';J a T1t>:tl;re of ~'lhi,ef', gla~'(; .p.nd bI8C'{S. Next the H!QH-

L\3H -8 l.) lI'!S ChiPPj#::I QC]gcs '..«ere a[Jp,i!;(j I">'illl ~'f)OI.q~ '."ihtlfl, ,,·,',tli J~ I~I~-IN tJy uru~t I cu!nO!&l!!'19li1C> ~e1aditQns~, book, IntcreStirlg CO"i1';;!';t~ r .'IvA T~ CllkoB bass fcllo .... rrux:tl ;tl~ lllC' been rnodo IJCcw,oen thi3 ~ ;i<:F'l, .. sP,ml'l ~1'l~UI'l:"C:8 :h€ heaostones, as wtw;:h i1~,~been q~~j:X! ~','i:h()J1" ;I with ~-d~';:; r:ol1'";( a ~d form oong ~[J!ali,~t (;<JP, ,J! 10 11"1;:: ncadstonee C\.opliecl1irst ,w'rl~(lilt ~ Rr.la:t~r :;ap <11K! 1I\;; !U,I-i5.Ni;;Ho!'..,I l.J~$~, 'Nhicr,;)fC The $patrerir~l w~ 5 thei"l rl~l'lr" spettered, '1·' 'S 111:I;"~ rei).k;a OJ. "'LtQ.~9 ~ SIYD.yOO ubing a r'li;<l,,'tl of 0i'".l8'li """ v sua Irn;:!.'Je, hdl efllfJ"<J."'~<; .;Ii' w 'NhilQ .::o.r,::! blue l:;lack. the l,'Itrer If fArAn~ lrrthe surlac,:; t::;;;.lur~~ <Jl'iu ~~I )/ilig di;l{l~iI;i08 dq:::cnding. Q'i t~6" '11'1;:;. \;.'I"h:lLJ~ tn.'I.t-aria'3. iM ~~PlrlstJnl?;sW®I'@ ;;orr0~ 111Dn- 1j11;:;(J\1(.i:' of I,M gm source, Handpajrl~~dcr",~~e n;m~~ end hiyhligrJB 13 5j;(;;,V;7(1 'Nlrh ."I h-'lAA color to "V - Welr-::l. sdeeo, wittl ::iIlaU()\'t'3 un 1Iis cstCiblis, the '::Is~er,~1 ,r-.~~ i'I''1Q thl'l ~ ~ffi;'l~B marks boling 8[:Plied ...... 'iltl color vo.'iLl!iori~ l1'JtJtJo€r1 1"e c'..ffAr'I'r,~n~p.'f'€mwm~r:Jm, ::;1I;)winrl tt'lf l;Inl L'iP~ 0: store, Fc"C!... . ~ing t!4ifi, ,~pGtttereG .;flac1 1'0 sho.'! thml qh. l,·;:; :;$:.<J,~,' ~jg~$ 1.0 tho <.:hif:.opcd anc d::;_;flli\j.;:;U i:I.I';;.:J~ vf lIw \OlQnt;:$

r'~

4 W! lei 1111:; roquircd :C,~<l.I voluos Ii'K~ ~Ief..!'" ol Cvf It' .. ~\ 11,;1'.'8[)Cl[;~ achieved, t,,~ rl·O!~·lil!g 'i!!" IQ f ·'<llly 11>:lr10' ...i:::d .

----

SIARBURSTS
TllU~h <! ll'~l:th... 'lll<Lrly dl~t:t~\'~ ~:lmfil~h.N){f'lI~iqtl'" whtch can be u~~d.nmany {ll.tfere'tl I: way,~. i BesJ.d·es Ill!!! ,otwk}l;l~ u~'.: it]rl;"tJ'd~rhlgilL~~1 ~~ti.Ci i'fll~~~~Si6!:1f'lf ~ sl~r~in ,].ni!-lht.~.b:yor descriptrve

d1't~jl1 n €J'n h~s}' (OIl ~cIem:e~rlc !.io~ IJlm'lJ~tlt)i~~, tilrbl]r~t~ are also ~ ~!JlP~k.;Jhlei,l'I showing dm~tsed
n..fll:~t~(J[1j;~ (H' {lllnling h.ughlightS, ~t In the b'~II.dll:s~buf~"{lhi.Jlj,l~ ~ ~~n. pl:1{)~ng'tflf1'h ~d wit'l, i:! 1011 g
e:rposijl~~

Th.'E ~OI.M1(!ii'''-i :wqll\?aKe fl.g d'e'nlOI:!ls;tr,!fL(,:'~ L1J~ mm;t ~U~ctive 1Ilf'I:hm1 ("f ,'I pp]yh~g'Sla~IDLJl~b,

end 'l:tiflJl: a t·"'i"t';.Ii 1'1~ IT! ount I) r .r~stdlJJ~~ ~)Iur will.~~~:p under tbe 1T13~~ i'XIft'1!ln i ng th~ ~ct~5 511gh!Lly_

.a,ceblte m.as.~.Thersa%!rtls LwtJf.uj.d, in 'l b<!t tne mt· 'i'ior~ ts al~f.mj'~r.h'~dy v~~iltJ,le, allo......~ fur ~nl!mt~ pmi~lcming, ~~ I
!oISiJ'l:)l;lII1

"Hli$

5eH,~dhe:;i VI; .~H~.:;king flJ:m ClIl] be' !Jml, but th i~ '}\'iIll gi ,,:;, a very
~i'I!\I-(;!J~~d ~.liUi~hwJ1.lch, l1t1le~~ n~~Nflr.'I~d color toJ. ~h~ ~'l,Lrbum i;;; iLl'Drll' .lIppll~, w!!'1 be Il';lS ~'{Jn viw;;ii:l!!,

0 ~InIpl~ CU l illv it. ! ~I~h:n.ll!l~ c I I_i'~ W"ns u' ;t'le cruss ~r~ ~lJl I clut~h !ul1ger man r..::quired to ::lvuit:l even ~Jle~ngrt6St hinl of an edge [,lppearwg attsr sV?\r'lrq. oi)l:!.qU~ wt'iile i~spril':ilild t~';)1qh the rr'k'L."'~,con()i'lntmtlnn m tr,; OArl~ ti?,r of tha fA'Cl~:c. <'lflri <'I Qwinn the r~k';Il ];11 srr~v to f1M t!; c,,,{, '-n~s.
l'flOi$h .... ith

~Wg(J ~hc; v r-:; l!!~ i.ltel<ll!;l

"'<J~~.

:!ThA fll"il~hAd A~¥np:.g If renuired. lr.a· PI:'I',f}Ar e;.f ~m!'; tn~'{ hA 'n"'r~5~' , fro.'Iny ,'lrr:P')~i(l: _,'<;iI"kJ the Mne m(l:c.k, Or n,oi,.'.' rilOisk5 Mu!ci te Gut ,:":II'li.ii'o~.jin(J n ~ne oeslie::! effect o

:2 The rn<l~k; i~ e.r.Q),'.'1"i bOing removed, f'Ove:lIino trlC g,'~B~rdGI'I ~iWof 'NhitQ :.t tho W1~ Q' [Ill;! ~~>iJrburst, f8chng C'A lc;'o',OJru 1I1~ "nu~ l:

U 1101"'!I!~, "

4 In i!l;S OXo:11ple. the S[lI'-18 nK~I, ~o~ DDCn ~O tof,'i~, b~ll !i! W !·er~"1 P(J~II.:,)118 O!!id wil" dillerent (j;;;\,l'~~ 01 u 'l~~!sit}' at OC'lil the Derlt~r ~JK:jif' ill!;; -Bf'lglr s of th@ arms, mi'l~infl 'hA 1;:]f;:J8r(",f f1~ t~lfl i'lj'lr.A~·r ty'i!1h~""r ,;ir);:! ri';.'I[fIr'I',,", rhA {)t:.~c;t~'Elr Nti'iO:. ·<::0, lI'\i'1t l'hey <I '"' Drl~h <lnoleo in rolation
'I",

the

l' (t'.'iQn,

:'!fn1NCILS ¥V'h.~U l L ts ncoo~ary to pwd~()C excessive me ol ,1p'l'p~r ~te'l~dl win ~mmR~vli d:l!>t'Ortedim~:!i:e~ beeause 01[ the effect. thepamt wm !'Ian hil Vln:i.n~Hng t:ne paper, ThKk ~<lf:tlbU~llUIs ~. LWJ;£!C ~~~bk: 1ll.a:l~fi.fL1for, ~~elicHs,bus n rlln ~ d~mcIJH:went lnU]cat'e ~hapes, I ~ lhl~"],m~~~ u:: uf~h~t:~.~ihi;J<ltd "l:1n ~-Y ~l~{) C<tJ!H(! ·~.nJ.rmw; UL~~P~HV'~lilr./l.l~t: ~:r<J!.!H(.\ ~. ~llap~, tf the i1ltbJ.u~h b hdd ,!~~n~J:J,~,l~ wl:lH~ spraylllg •.Natpnl o.r mal'lm"die ~bl'ect~ ,;:amab~ b~ u~.~'Ij ali ~t:em::nE, glv.~ng i'li'I li~fin i,t~
~·I'!'!ltlbt.:t Q[ p~tfcUi~"

U~J?P.'iilp.'IttP.:rn .iif\worli:, rli'l ~ ,~t~i!'1.r.ll: becomes ~ 1.i:whl,~ ai~, a!tl1U<Y[ol1l

_Aslmpls .';fr~lrTletri~'aJ patlertl {lht"llnArJ [',hi ,"",vHn;;,:/ing ';hOi I2IrTI'!: ~~enl~IL

.2 Hsre

l'1e oj.irHii!ng JS restr f;;'l~~ to, ll~ ~d\l:".H)1 tile ~\en:;;ll, wilt I no cclur. t:eing app!i5U to 1I1~ !J~" [€I,

(i

I J1';ir,glhl'l ~"'ml'l M8nr.,! ai'. in st~p Si. ;;; IT!u!tlpe C-'vwl;'!,1niFl!l p'l8'n bees a.ohia,;o:J.

rR~

SI10'.~$, Qf, the lelt, :lIe ell~~1l when lhe ·~l~norlls held ilat en tie sJ'race, 'Mlile tt lal cr I t~!l ri;;Jtrt BhO\.'/S the effect wher the i'J1'l~dl is ha!d ;;':lO'.'@ ths ~;twork, \101 C,A rh;;t '.\t1~n If 1,0;:.;:.!d awa~! fm[11 t tr~ c.ri:'iK:r", ~ha ~1>'rllJa' e:do·' oncroacres cr;t<' a wioer C'lJ~, both OL tsioo and ins do tho stone '3(:1 sl 19,1.)1;:1.

~ The flnlS!1iOldt'eiWlt

5 This ~xampo!l is the lo;VE{{l~, in that thf> s'elncil mw eonslsts of t'~Oi sh~_fll'l ilrlq ~all'i Gll, from tha (,)lYd· bC$lro. This has Nan 1::Il:ian t~E'; boord .8J~d th8 wlar P\pra.)~d OIrO,_,(](j it. V'l/hcn lIsing 0. mrrsi 5JJnCii woh .1$ ~~r. it iG possible to hod it in f.)-<.lce, bu'. CI:U~ is '·;;qLJIIaj :0 ;)r~'l~ilt ["'1:': spray 'Irum prvJu~ "\,) tI Ji~~()r(~\J silbouette 6tl~pe :)1 0.'tll:llev~' is ~I(),:ji'l~ tt-i~ ,;;t(~n:' down,

- _-

--

----_.-

----

TAPE. MASKlNG
'['''-''"''V!i,; ..dw UQ dmftiH!!Work me ~ ti'"l.lfL~:[::i~n;.Jit. self.~'dh{'~l\ie ~'mskin~tilfi!~,Ctl.l!~J j nH~~b[~[;TIS skli,1~ l~!J<;, hi~h b m~~~dtl!l~h.l:d. ..... l~ 1ssui t~hl.1 f0t dt~wi'n ~ Cl~1nking

iJIL, n (i. ttu~Ietme ideal tm repaiea

mg. d~~wh!g~,~sp(:dally when ,tlt~l! are prf!:rxrQd. ri'n drMt·j iT'! g film. l'his tnp~ Is a l~{)useful in ~i~j;Tu..~hjg ~';lwl;, iiI~ in the 11 ~~<!lJLr.l!~ LIJ,USH<Lt;~d I~~r~,mUlll . ~,[t\,l.~ hav·{,h~r'.nP~p~)~~d ! II' O!' O ~~'<"jo:.!~HQ~, l'l tH~}' .Ix, qf:t nndused II! ib e 5~n@ way Il~ nl<lscldllJg .rum ~ml~imiiariy has a ~uw·ta(k adne-

1lJ~~~'1l~1ch o!L",s t) d~nJ.~!:g~~u U ~'o; d n

~i'ti?roT~_

h@)adlnq AI )A ', .... ~KlN:::,IT¥. :;r",0"1". L~ m~ liAo'i of r,~~ 1't.;W.~jt~n iln:, ShG~'-'11 hAiti. In 1'1'';' pmOOO5 01 t.LJt+flO and rernO\,. -g f~n1 f8r cHfferont ClID::B o~ the 11..,'S0,,), p~co 0: fill'') WO~WJ18~ off (J1'ei'1;1lUi1.Ol!;.', H'.1.;l~ll'<lnsp(Jrel !I, ll:lfJ~ 'Nbi~ JJ~elJ lu t~-l]lWlilr l';~ 'i:i;<;pG'Xid petal, '..:oitlich was: \t len :~t to S"8PS,

:aj::!2 in place. tho pGl,,1 SI~ro.}o'xJ :::Q1~$oondjng .0 1I);; c(y'I,.,Cl !.Jr(j;' i!! UIe ~!f.!q~lell~~,
\"/'Of:;

2: WiUl "1Q

3 '''''0'118'' <.;(Ynplel~, the trensparsnt tape was lrted of ..rd ,118 ~rrailrq seqU(')nc:~ crlrotimJfK:I 91
----- - -- ---

rs M PI,,1\,' I'I',S
U~"'fli,~i'ltd~ it'! ilirb1:l~~hi.ng,m~

~be m~rrv tmdi v,l[iom die-cut wmri,we's used .in dil'1l,",clng Illus~1~1:'I·r.1I ., Th·@ ~x,q mp]e~wb i rh ~ Lun~..... hew ~irnple !LrpHcllti{)l'I~ s fOil,' elHp~~,. 'CH'de·~.nd .Fr>e;m;:h 'i,lr\!~
Cllt

tr,~UIJ'L~~. TI'I~.se!are med. ill '11::l1K11.he'5.;1n1t W11}'~ ,b l

h'UIU-

tet;l.plm(':~_

1 h(.lr~ m;!:'two thiLl¥:.:S which pa Hlnll~ [' atren Lton if }'!:Jll .~re !.Ising p~mtk templates 1n air!l~ed

hri l~l1.jr'!g, One is ~h,ll the SP[.I~ed

·~V~(.I'J; ri~'s d
~Q

slowly on the p~ast:iJc, YOll should il.taJe ~tl~e Lht: . U:rliQers lde M ~he~fmpl<'lt~ I~ d~~Ji ~ [liJI jill excess ·wlC!·r has h'-"'P.I'I""lpe-a aJw~y .if YOIj .1Ie llSiL'l.g ~t mm:e. H~ll,nJ once. A~:;.o, If ~l1e
template conqst~

shapes, I:.u~t~P(: ttl T.l'I ~:~k{}~F~hr o nes ~!J.rt()W.~H,!I.i! th~~c ~ini!i ~g ~pmyecl; ml'lerw~w.,[€~lchjal t'CI,1j'r [ lilay r~ lhwLlgh und (,;1~'<l t~ ~11i.Ict," I.l
o,w.". sll hUIJ~f~r.!!. \,,11~r.(' ('"flinT ,'S n 01"
W.~]lLi,!Ij,

t.~r.tl·I,!.!~Upk

2 A f;irr;I;'l gllkje tElr"nplate h~ been I ,~I¥.i h~, b(~ti'I.nok:1ing i; awayfJDm ana: Lay",g it on !he <li1WO~~. as il~1U'I;o: orevious 0l<.8I11pl$,

1 -r-, ~ example domcrrstrarcs trc lise of CI ty'pk.<ll ellipse template. Tho sv,r.,.ing i$ directed lhro..Jgn 11'$ i'Qql.,Jlr~Cl$iz~ 0!11C1 O!I,g!e 'Orln~ S!I {:IS~, ~iU~t:lr OIG lI~l (;(;!Ul' Or. rJ.S 1"<",-1'<;', grliulil:;.Jwl::Jr. 11\1:: uppermost ellir~'6e hes DE>lln gpr<lyv::d hddirq the TfcllTlpl!atE;at a diR~n()i'l a'N<Jy'from :h~ ;'lrtVo'flr~, ~\.niIA r:n ,he ICi.~'erone ,he MIT Cllst~ r~~.,., bes;l I<"ieon the &" 15.CC of tho artevork,

3 This 8h;J~"s 8 Fi'oncr- Cl.)t'~ o;lI"I'~ i.J:ood in ~h~G<lrn~ ~W() W8.j~, I tl~ I.lS"" Q! !-r~!d! curves, .1:13 wiltl 1;1.1: Iy l~; nplate, needs special G"'Bn'l to prevent reslduai colo: fmrr> bl'ling spray-gd ~r;:)I.mrl :hool'l ~~_1s of tr.e
f", ..... Fl

!"lilt

~c:..: .;6<:1.

-1'0 Rl\ PAPER MASKING

n the ~.Ver~er sillci.ollette bel ng :SVWY(:lci. not confined b h,y prederermiued ~1I.me.n~lQrJ~, l.Utn p~IV~' I;~:n IJ.e: :11'1 e.ffeethrf' fn·mt masklng. To
Ini.J~Lrrl tc,! O!l~

<I~,~p'li~~Hun,

0'

It m'lght h~ r~q~jiTOOto tr~'lt~

a~~! !,~pr~~Siun u! th.!i1 sea, ami ~

~fifn p~per prep<lI~Q In -<:I varlc Ly of wave ~h_a:pe:~ oo~ll d hf' L;!S(>oi1 to dltH;le thC' \11'4v~~ ovur il pre'lp"l:;'~t1 I'I,;L~(,t~lnt, f'iy sligh Ll}' ij(Q\'lllg th~ 'wrn p~"p~rhcnzon~ .t~!~'to the ~eft {l,r right after the 1 (Lm.'~pr~y, W~.\f~~ wH.1 ta~~ on ~h~ II qult'l': fXlI'loVln tlT'1g ~ppe~ ranee, ~l).i~Lr ~.~tyli~ed manner, in ~er~Iel1:[e d10llkI8.b.O be !Il~d,.. ~Ti, ,lliGUil) ~1'RAf!'I\I", ':A~ICII!d:'J'Mrri M A~K

(,',1; and L~)uM MI!.S~).Ili,

3 A nElV,' shi:! pA Is tC'{fI'I ,i"It('l r:;'l~', i'1(l:'O~b"8'l on the artwork ~nd $['lr6-}'M "a 51 .ghllv IQ~.S' irn3f1s13 color .

me

Speciall EffM~ 1 In this c~II!~lo of $P~:':;~ ~ Ile(J!,~, a simple lilU'$lr;;ttIO! ! u! r~~0i! \\,1 icm ~¥' ur thin ::ardt'OarCi !n~~k i~ prep:;;r8d, Tho hcrd~r '.;'1~r~ il!u5lralioQ -,;; protoct,.Kl with r I t'<lli<:irlY1ilrn ~r.fch~\~L fO'l<n'lin m
5tD!~C, 0).

mGi,li~tall'l$ !s st-!C."WJ', ll 10 I:~ lt1::;1"3~ i

pace until ,he ',,,tlat has been p.;lpef mask is mamtain, and

am",

rinal stag!'!. t'iJteth;o,I' r!lmov~d tram ~hE'l the! £h~Pl r:f 'hA '1ot thA .~llrfOimdino

D8L'<u.I~' ln~rir:<.t

shapE<

In T1E;! fr:r.<;gr{luri! ~!'leITK'!~I~ posi is 10rW "'lt1the lower oO~1. of l~L. tirtwork.,

~vi!!oe

.:1 'FhA precess

t ~\~II i'p'£i}'8d

~ continued

m['lr8F~if_m of depm ,.:s in:::.:~(r

,,-$ U"!I;;I

=oted that ~?l<:I!~:> ;,;JlMIU~' not protected ;.;oj <;J IYI;;J;.;k" TIllS ;;fl5~ '8S that the tcnOiI "'OJ!u~vi :MOGel 'Sh~~s !'I3fJre~rl'dlg I nour;;;Iin~ ': [r';Jlll Ul U Ie une c"Jl'F€lnlly l~illg :;l~ri:lyed retain t~,";Iir 8troP.llilt~.
,['-"8

ne

2 The +rst aoplicction Q1Cr;!lur !8 .;:prn~;cd 'ir, tr<ln~p"_'l;Kll, 'N~ll;!rlP.)I::J[, g"od;;l~lnQ !rQIr I It!e lqJ to frF~ eottcm Q! I! 1!:? 'Illlunlain, As ~I'iISr"lountain I~ 11~~re~( the obaerver, the s:"'Imr;th C'I cole, ;:;n::i ~hadlll(:r~S tha nr::c.'I' irl1~n&. - tha ~LJr~~~1 J::;.nl~r"'!lAS ~'A! &101.'; ~ (If.'lr:ii i.'ll ~_,()r1~int: of tona' '.'!'ili i",~ 0.'5 :ne}' appe..'!!· to-l~cC(le 'fer!' the ob:s8r·~!.["'·

- --

--

--

, !i .l>{.i.'lln r~~ &lapo: is dl~miJ~J ~;['Ir.'l'i~rI ,TlOt:fl IIghtl~'. It rx.. Elriny less H t'lt€O'I than hAf0h'l. .

7 ...... 'hAI"I th;'l

V'i!(('j

pal€ shapes in Hie

'fa.' rliBt~.r(:A hi'!\i;'l D~n cornpe'ed,

thetern p",~p~rm"!,o;ks!'lr~ G iscardsc and :he sky ie. ~rr,;i~~c1.'1'"".0; IR ;'! lighW grad.3Jzo 8hn~ (:If C:0iCl~tunning from the top ,err thOl .'Irl\l"m ~ It: i'I I~v"'! ji.,J(;t 0.bO'/c the rnounte .r t1'lF'lA.

6 Anothl'lF DaGkgf:Jurd ·~tlafJei~ ~r.r~V~(l, MP.ll"lh ~ .~'; ths I \;'·,t~·, 5h~dAS As~ab ,~hRd nrel'.'iQlI~Jy.

OLJ:Br bO!'da'5 of t~E>. 1II1Istr;Oitlr:ns now '!3:"try}e~! $,td the 'fir.al ~I'iLJ~

Th~ m!l:4::ll"Iqfllr1

dlllin~m.tirg the

9"JCG- an illusion of dep'h, cllBtai"lc"" '~nu !':;Pf;lce.

~II

TRANSPARf:,NCY
Th~~f[!clm iq;Lle ~erers tC.1ob j ec~s Iiohidl, ;lH': tmm~~I{!m to 11greater' (;irless~rG::;:t~n!. It requues it far 8H~a~\:f Ul:~tml. Inc the appH.C'lItlon c .of sp~'ayed colQlr liua!l ·d~jc~ U1C' '[~Drf.'!ien1:'a:t~o!f'l f1if SCI] kll ot)jetts. b~~~~!C H j1ie1:l~y W oversi~r.!IY and 11150 d100ng (0 knock I;)~ck tile u.an~:pa~~nt tlfUlH, if!whh,'h t~seth~ P'!;()",t;;3~ IL~~~ ~,tlm to 1l.!li"!11, Til @. t>.)o:~rmfI~e lJ~edi here to
lilllShil;~(: u:a,H~I)~:~~'Ucy i;s
it

stmple

are ~1a.d~ HJ lni.:h,u;lilo: rdl~[ecl rnlors ~r hlghH;ght~ wlli:rh might be ~pIl:111~m tmm surmtl ncH rig oblects. hi ndver lisjn.g'HU,.:;l!· .. tjox~,
fI fl

cube, and

'!11 (>w,,[!ces

II
I

ttlCru! ar~ mal'lY ~~1I't'frI0~ of l)hl~1;t~ 'l,jlbrLi'S!1~'I.I j,11 UH~ WillY

wliJJ;;ta

~'1().'

uJ[j

Tll.O~'.

:1n m._~1 it}"

~,

1 111::l drawing of a CLJh~ shc::'"" 1(1 1111S!lJ: f!:!.c~~, f'l~ ~n h r!::l;')w~)diV'IC! CO'il'lrArJ w'th mi%k\4C'l 'f'im. The fI:'ltl Jrally Vl(';ible !eft-h;-df,aco in tho loregro:Jf1d it: exposed and q;;,r;;IjiW ""'it'! '" QI'&lsI;od shade of OQ!ClrI U! 1ning from the; £0dJnQl ';;iJ';I!>' tv U !lill
furtllest 'lfo.'lD.y

S TM top, ho-izorral p<In~ i~ :.:ipr<J. .y cd next, tho shOiding r~..."I:r!~ lrorn

5 The '.'.. riLc@1A:in"' t'<'Irrt:AA~tir'J

C0'l18r of ti"A c,LJhf; furl'h',l.OiI' ~iJ~V from tha t'l[;"Fl;'lM'Ir 11'; M",~k;d And

tM

too tc

'=!Qll.OIH

~~nr,~~,",[] w~l~ ;'! qr.'l('l<'l11;0' ha.dt! runs ninn ft~i"r! lel't to riOlli,

W!:Ll!PNl'n.t, M~l1,Y of Lbii!* inY~" (r,l\n,J[l~ WIU~ trom tilt':

Il1'Iagl t;mti()11 o~
il~

fr:of'C1 Ill'"

(;t;!:I~f'~er.

I ~~.ch fl1.!~
'Ibedftlrl~

er1t·n~ncl

iJjJJL~ ~~,

the mtl~l['iLlm~;~H] ilch.teve ~. r,:uticL~~~'

'It)
S,lltIl,

oftll':f.I, [9il' iUlpilt:t

.~t~J'I !I,~j:(1H~CJ'LIjfe'S. r

.~[il~tia~:tIl1C21. an u:nders,tllndh''1g of
W mIllIS ~~ .~~[>.fItl'W''1Hgh 3 1tiillq~[(!llt.l::lbj;t1ct. (;Hml1N u

IlglJ:l

~:nd r~Hj,lt-..

Is
4 ThA lnnar 1~..e of j,"I€ cube I}'ing on :h<'l (11'01. ~d plene ,,~soraycd no~:, ~\,i11': t~ depth or SKID' ~g gl<:l(Jotlng trem the furthest corns, ~v".'1ron I ! the OI::08 or t~'i.'.!1 I:',:; I~~uir I\] ...... o o~lgo or~or.

;;~' TYii.lrlii u~:I.~tecl W Lhts ~edl.lIiqU,~.~ni[J the two m~y be u~oo IIIWthf.'ri n order W !la.ma beL~~r lU!Ael~t~ntHnJ.!. of the appJ IC"lItl(ln of tf~'r1J5pa:r.e[lt ef.fec'l~. :2 I tie r,~·'1t·h!ffi1d tlc,I'lIR r'Wr.'/ '::1.1: Brld llpr~~, ~q.;;lIn'.~'~:h grMated a sh@c:ii'l, hilt 'i'C'''tJtne extreme ng -rt n,m:i edge to...... ard"hc: 10m n'g~_

6i 11l~lel~-':ilno ~.1~rfac.1'l 'It I'hA < :lack :)f tha [;"l~~ I~ I'{lr.'i~t;d wit~ a qmd8tAr1 ~~.'IM,

"( F nul!y, .JJ! I' 1I,3kin;;! I irr isr<"lrlG'i&;i.

Finger

Sr;ilc

Bri;;in AGb$.Q~
Sam.:· cunsi~ Hie tiirbrusn to lJ~ a toul unly fer te:;'~LI"Iit:alilliJ~tr~liun, Which h.8E!. no ploce in any or ,(:![ l~'fJe ot Hraphlc ir'TlgQOIry, SUlch v;ewDoif1l~ mls!lm::W,~~:"inrJ U'lA r+!'.'lWrl fo1 Llsing 1l.1ly ajd in the pr'OOur,tian nf (l1'1 1111 JS' tmfior'l. If ". dcsiW£! ,effector 1\nii',1"1 IS b~~~ 'OwlaJ!lf;ld WIth ,;]£j airbl;Jsw" or ~U1Y Q~~lerlowl, men .,;,~ it not De. OIPP!up' ii.ll~ O1!loj~~n~ib'e 1.0 use IT? n:e illuSlr~li0:'1 .t;<i:mxi!J.C!l;,;] !~"'i~i~ :;:I caseln J:.'01.:t, fur ~l I' ligt It OI~!!r~~ ·1:l.pp~ttl1~t 3prayiny wvl;llj !lOll€ 'th~bElst· ffi0'3anS of arriving at ;tIe 'firtl!;!hf¥j raRLJI~.N"M.rm€llois~. an aire br·ij.5i'1 1'1<11; tfi'l;;ri U!'M, shflwlnn t1\'3 ilillstrr;;,tor to Ila.-e comp~ c.Cii:Jlm! over ti',;:!, ailiOflJ5n C'lnd t~ da1~rly of color aj2ipliO::Ito mch pari of tte IllUstration. ft relies ·vCr,,..rnut.k1tlfl tM technique ,uf r£!lJdQling, TronBp.m-etJ0' ',...,lJrl r"'[]FIc r.JJ;.SI<lNti a~ r:he n::;p left ami bottom light cOntrastirg. ~vell v ,flll tre rt.,..'(T TOta of, t!1I;J 1\"0\0 cirGl~ SGgn'lQiM

5i.il'fo'if.,1'l,i;. .fir ()hIA~;t!':

i'lFAtranSpi'lffil"1t.

A~ ruenucr leu !n l '~ein1'{JduoUon to this technique, fa' yr<:aler con: ...~1 i~ rElquir€ld in t-e spraying 01 lramfXlIi'ln~ aqac:ts than &~Ii(j cnes, MI'1;¥;Ii'lt~! f mw ot:lacts arOl to be MCi.'l1 'f);¥)'nd. C.·::mtrcll~ required ooth al thi"t .;l'tY.)i)r:t c' color ,;jr[lli~d and t1e o:€nt:, ty 01 the sharlss, A;'!t,~.h 00"'9 doporcler-t on the CiegreEl at 1.100n~po.rQncy o~~ho obcot. CarefG fJ!I:lI~I'"'Y IS ~I~.., reqlJ" W to. cncure ltlal ~ny ::J"'l;m.pr~,'J:l:J t.:l1lur !~ 1;pr::li~d 'I tre ccrrec L ~equ~!o,z;e, ~v that ih<'irOi is ~o douct !':IS b wtlicil

a ~cl "ienic;h a;·tl ~ f<lrll' nr hAhll"lrl. 1110 te01ilique ap;)lift~ 'C, t;pr,~yno tr.o.nspc-.rcr1 olxeots cannot 00 ,dMll~l;1cJ iro-n a singlo 3Xo.~lplo or 8J ! i! 118rl~d ilhJ$'lI'miOn. Soc-aliso 0' ,Ilis, p;;,;fJili bllury (":C"OI 110:.0:;;should rJC made l;wme ~l;,l,'lirlg 0'" <l p~:<CGof 'ini~tled art0.'urk I:llld l"e ~Q~enQe of spF"d~.in(J .... l0rk.oeU ::Jut ~Iur<:t 11011 j:J, Tr.i'l ·a;(;';rlpiE! r8j:: roc ~:ce.j here ,5hc'.\!!'; ;'i ~'~F~' sil"'1pl;;;, hut hiQ ~ t; i5'fieGti·..··~,renM'lnr; flr Aln~l' nlCli'.~
balls certerec

(:Iroup ng . ThE; q~'8lir1 :;.1 l·ar·l~f-'€Ir~II(,:'1 has ~n a::t sved by OV"';~I'l-~,.,y.t; 'I'~ rl.i'I IminFl;ilm~ty h\'3hil'1~Jth,;, one , from" wim a S()ft sh;:o.;j~ of trifl laltS-/5 booM (':01(:;".Thi~ is pi'lr.icLJIIlr1y· obvious w~h 'thF) hICii,,~-ClFd·wh~9· oa '~iing behind :M gc:ICi-cd(:;"fId 8A1:::S bell It ....ill be not8d ~hdtthA ' ball at tho back has a H CI~l c.-I~ 1>'1'!!0:'~a::,b~n spravcd ~vit>1 a lower-key ~'·<.I.iJE:: cl JrII.:J 9'~Ij, -arhor ttl:;;"' ttn~whit<:; apfJlil;;'oj lu ii'3 !\eig'1
bot'S,

W:i'jing tho EP'D~ logo, Ci8ct Wdi.!.·"~l ~" Qp",ql.K~ 008Kgr6LI~,j ..... ~i:h a ~ul; Ii;:; ';.;II~Vl!UnI.,; 1[.)W~' c:f ;!'19

·~rol.lnd :'l 1",i\,F;lr 01"1",

-----

--

VIG!\]E.TT1NG
A \'~nctt{· U~ dr~wjll$, wh~(.;tl b iI Tint "(mt~ined l7t, ~I.W cll";'I rly Fading In a Backgroundl i An ifI\..Ii>ll;;JU~'f1ol <'In ow~
~e~r~ ,:jr"a"",,'1 <JJIU,lu t II;J~

e~lg-e~1 ut b dlh~.l bd",'~1 nto the b:1lckgT<J<[lnd. Dr st~nds on Its m"rn. In airbrus,h ~tlti~tr~ w~~ l!.. 'Y j,~HelUri!l H UOIl
~I'

dct.lnoo.bmd.er~

WQl~_:-l it 'rU!' 11

I
\

IIl~ed tn 'ach leve ttl ~ .~~.rn~·rr~lj I:t· lry ~{~U~:t:.i.rl~' t~9m~ tilt: JIlIl~ make ~I~ the b'ltkgro~i.M, 5nmf'tlmes ~ am be u~d. to ffad.p. t Qut; ttl": (jb'~'1i,:l Uy.;;IL ~~V~~i<ll.l.y it nn~' slde orarea t~ CrltlJ~~d.~1",pd

Un~tJ1!t;l<{lwun::J ~prOififlg, t la~ been ()8'Irsmo 'Nit"1 rn~<jking film. The l'lrlg<l~ Qf tt,~ S,lU~ffi y.'hlr-,.t,will eont:<lin rnA ;'lrw~'"Pind i1';:';h!!lc;k('l"(ll mel

.. l

hSo'.''' $)00 beer maskec,

....,f ~lH'ill

u.llimpuItOlJIl. to the u:l,tfMi(\l'I.

~~ntml theme ~ The s.pra','ing beg ~s Wit!l a gradual !:;-" 'd· Lip of CI gr<J.Ci8.tcci
shaclo, rrorn tho outsico edges of box '1\~'Dfj

tr.c

3n1C shade I~ IncroOl$~d \..In\11tn~

i ~q\..litG(J

Ci;)IJl! 1 i~ 'OO,o:;ll~.J.

4 '~'lit·.ent'i~ '.lQ 1~;te 13 :.-ompl01@;::i. t:'~ rnas« p'ot(');:1ing ths f.lC"Igr;;!'i tha Q' box is i1'!1'1rh'Eld

'F~dllng Ollt ,1<1 B.Ilit::kgrol.!t1d lin ~hls;;]§mDr13:Y::<UtJ[l ~ la()$u f'ji"c.kqrQl.lm:: IS requreo, [Jut yp:l.J~loct from Tf'E'I r;hp:-;t nulwar:::l, Here tile 5;1ple h~£ hAI'lf' rm::t.;;ctild 'N til
!l1::1ffilw·g

t-rn

( ,

:1 The J::;f)lt

IU I OulQr is incn:'iJzCd to '~-ardl}~tbe CCnLUl!f ~ I J!~ I Qrm.

2: $prayino

has i';1<lrtA:i 'ran

]:.&1

\N~hin the eclgft~ (j' rhA m;JIsk -'lnd an Q'JGnS1QOC is built up al! arcl.lnc! 'I'h~
!;;1.!h)11;j

... Wr.~n (lnollgt1 color t la::; ~ell I5praV€ri, rh;'l rnask m tin~~1:lp~le is 'remo\!l'ld, ~,f'OV'ir.,JthA vli1n~ttFld bCickgrountl outlining the shape Aril f;}.'.;iing gr MLJD.I 'v outward.

9A

lr\11NDOW HIGHliGHTS
1\'I1t5, 't,re.l,;.n,,:~.l.tle",lb.i,S' Lt!,.~(h~li(jj.'U.~' :mre~sto' t.he r,efiff.tlm'l, 'U!';l,lillly lin ~ t!,ll1tt:!ll ~urr~~-e. d ~ wim..lJlilw. 1 H ls '\'l1iihh' TI!iJd~[ ,t 'I,uige of H1)ht 1 In this ch:mlO1'ls1l1'1tion tr~ W;'lOO"., ~h~nl'l has t:Ol~m c:arelrulty 1':" t ni Jf Of a~ro;'lrA :=;hAl'lt ::;ft.':! rl.'lr;;:;.:i lr.lhA raquii'e.:1 oflsitbr. {'Ner :'l pre"50!'8ye!j bt!~e 0016,·,(lpaque 'Nhite is t'1en spf;:;:yed thrC<Jg <1 the TI3B~.

tljmJmon~, but as II h 19l'lllg'ht. Is

• I' mba.n'l'i~;u:th.,.e,appear'~,nc~ o.,h higl.lr~ PQ1tsh~O'Ii bu~ Iijp~I.,lI.l'!:

more prell] ounced 1,.~'h~'!the llght L S0= coI1:Ilng r(ll Igh the wi nth d~\I l~"'~~~~~!.lJ<iIa:~~' .~t:mn;l',', A5 n~(h'i'1iI];L~e,rhi$ is useful ffjJ)~
cbjl'{t tn a styllzad m:.'ll'ln€~, ~,~r~l'i"l1y wil,en ne oU H;r l:ch':fl.:1 L~l,; mpr:cl;l ~sava,Uollbl~_ hi ~ ,anE';~Hl1mel}'p~p!.!~O![ u~vi.~>.:~n(.t fllJl'be ~Ben .I:n ~iThni~h~d illtliMnfHm i.~IiY pecrim:l.vVhe!ilJ I1Il~J:fflllthttr bv [be j:ncluISi[m of :rnu'Ql1llclll1g· QI~~nihoth Of'! a 111 d ~~ilJ UU~ I.nd,~rw,tbe I::ff'!i:.t:'l i,;,m ~'i ti!l oliJi[!.()f· snp~r-tf'~li:~m, .'I $t~ll1!' 4~\f,:!1}[.K.'9 .;;<;. 'Hli ~ rj,,:~t~xp~rU:s[;'b,Y rrt3.l1Ir iJ!f d10E J'i!P,t'lItU'~(f P~tl~i'lf'I~!~ or;I1~~· .~,lL1m~~h.. . Tl1ol!lgh e'I'l'ecth.f., wind~)w 1I:~ltlighlSsbouJd b~w.;/~1. wi ttl

~;;;.!~

"

t
~

II

(1!lJl1(~"',1.1H'I,h "t

1'Y ;HI:' 'iI1(!~ appllca-

hill 'W aU SUI1li.C~~.or suhJ:f!cr"~.Mr ~lllpt~, j l. Wl)'uIJ b~ jll~ppIuprj,· ~It'til ll~ il Whl,jO"W lIighlight on tii\n!J:tlclIp& of ,~modem :lfl·7jh"el<1l, regardle~~ (ilf Ihuw ~!)jl~htdand glos~y th~ ml'M: I~.~ duJtQC'~ uf ,~U;dl ~.~·~hl~J~
~d!l.!l,n0Lls@d ~fLid.nc)r~ ~CIth~11 i~

l
I

1 nfllSI:'It·
~flW

wD'!l.1d ,,00;:i,J.r;,rLitlyt~n~\':~ p~t~'h~~

p~ssii -rhr(lHgh ng
<I

~ Illi~ uhulugra::Jtl der-tcnstn .... tss the ffl~Bl::t with ;hI:] mask pulli'ld back. NQti~'Z: li"l<l.: tNt .~h..-"lpeof tI-,;:; ;:;t"II~Ad wir"dow is cl.Jr.'·§('J Wh~r. i.,91'ld nna CUF'.!{iId :lbI8r.:t, the r:111'VA8 of l'~A'dn00'1.' !,;houlfl ~~yf0.-'m th::lG~ n' 'nA to o.tll~L I' i-.";, ::'11 r~'jUi'l''''', 1'I(';~Dt#oltt tc. rotH t~~ rr .'IS::.: ~\~1~.'IlId~I<ln(,;A5'nr 1'r.,: r:l1<;t('o1ioo ~"""',oh ~ome.tir~""s oe.:::Otn;.s J!8pmDrrt':l1rough pCI~,~Jt>:::

1I""i 11

tive, but

!"B 'Nil! '':CJLlII\;.l

CDS",

~'iOul(!Of: \'~{y ~hm,

(,.olJ(;l;.!r·"al~11 :)!

~, r~i:I. ~Xi:II I' LJI:'1, 01

li~iriiJ an !:!.cet1:lte mask, tha r8~LlI~nr:l 51'ect will bil ,:0. q~~1'la ~~nrf ArigEi [0 ttl!;! ~ g~li;:lht.ThA rlAn~A r:l ~d1"!,,#, will hs d.nArl1lrG.<i hy r~~ riii';tCir1i..E'! tt->EI Tl1lsk Is ~~Id flwav 1\'()1! rnA ;'If'i'\'!Xlr'o<:.

Or

f.>.,)1JrAA,

;'l

h:'lF(l

~~(p.

('("il II"

Di'l obt"llnFl:i bv ·.;.!':1n21 AICMhA~i"fil R 'TIao:kinn filrr .,

---------

--