HYDROGEN SULFDE (H

2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Hydrogen
SulIide Training
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
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S) TRANNG COURSE
ompany Philosophy
It is the policy oI GUP to
operate all locations such that no
person is exposed to Hydrogen
SulIide concentrations which
may put liIe or health at risk.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
It is your responsibility to be aware
oI the properties and toxicity oI H2S
gas.
You must be able to recognize its
presence and know how to protect
yourselI Irom its lethal eIIects.
You are responsible Ior you own
saIety.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Training and ompetency
ALL personnel, whether regularly assigned
or employed on an unscheduled basis shall
be inIormed oI the hazards oI H
2
S.
All staII who will be required to enter a H
2
S
area as part oI their normal work will be
trained to a level oI competence in line with
the risks involved.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Hydrogen SulIide
H2S gas is commonly measured in
parts per million (ppm)
How much is a ppm?
1 drop oI water in a bathtub.
1 meter or 1 step in 1000 kms
1 H2S gas is equal to 10.000 ppm
In the Ras Shukheir area. concentrations
of over 3000 ppm have been recorded.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
H2S is a Poisonous Gas
The eIIects oI exposure can range Irom minor
discomIort to death.
It is not enough to be able to recognize the gas and
know where it is likely to occur.
You need to know how much it takes to harm you
and to know speciIic locations where a release
may occur.
our first response is to get out of the area.
upwind or cross wind from the release.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
lassiIication oI H2S Areas
There are 2 lassiIications oI H2S areas in the Ras
Shukheir Iacility.
Sweet or non-sour: Areas where concentrations oI
H2S in the process stream and equipment are
below 10 ppm.
H2S areas or sour: Areas where the concentration
oI the process stream and equipment are over 10
ppm.
The II Shore entral Production area is
considered a H2S area. Sweet platIorms are
ctober , July, Ramadon.

HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Physical Properties oI H2S
olor H2S is colorless, it is invisible. You cannot rely on your eyes
to detect its presence. This is another hazard oI working around areas
that contain H2S gas.
dor H2S has a distinctive, oIIensive smell, similar to 'rotten eggs.
This is why is it sometimes called 'Sour gas. At concentrations oI 100
ppm it will paralyze your sense oI smell which can make it Iatal to rely
on your nose as a detection device.
Vapor Density Hydrogen SulIide gas is HEAVIER THAN AIR. In
highly concentrated mixtures it will tend to settle in low lying areas
like pits, cellars, or tanks. In lower concentrations it will be mixed with
other gases and move with the gas.
H2S can travel in any direction, depending on pressure, temperature or
swirling winds.

HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Explosive Limits Flammable Range
H2S gas when mixed with air will explode. It has a wide
explosive range (4.3 44) which is very wide when
compared with other gases.
Flammability H2S burns with a distinctive blue Ilame
which produces Sulphur Dioxide (S2). This hazardous
gas irritates the eyes and lungs, and can be potentially
Iatal. ANY EXPSURE T S2 SHULD BE
AVIDED.
Solubility H2S gas dissolves in liquids. which means
that it can be present in any container or vessel used
to carry or hold well fluids including oil. water.
emulsion and sludge. H2S will be released when this
liquid is agitated. depressured. or heated.
Physical Properties oI H2S Gas
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Liquid and Gas
rude oil being discharged into a storage tank may contain only 70
ppm H2S in liquid. The concentration in the vapor space could
exceed 7000 ppm
700 ppm H2S
7000 ppm H2S
H2S gas
dissolves in
liquid and
will break out
oI the liquid
when heated,
agitated, or
depressured
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Attacks most metals, especially in the presence
oI water, Iorming sulIides which are usually
insoluble precipitates.
Dissolves in water Iorming a weak acid
(hydrosulIuric acid).
These 6 physical properties oI H2S gas help
provide a good picture oI it`s characteristics. This
inIormation will help you avoid being exposed.
Physical Properties oI H2S Gas
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
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S) TRANNG COURSE
20 ppm CeiIing Iimit
The maximum
concentration to which a
worker can be exposed to
even instantaneousIy.
15 ppm 15 min Short term Exposure
Limit
It is irritating to the eyes
and the mucous
membranes of the nose,
throat and Iungs.
10 ppm 8
hours
TWA - time weighted
average. The average
exposure based on an
eight hour exposure
period.
Breathing air must be
worn over 10 ppm
0.2 ppm instant Rotten eggs odor
detectabIe by most
peopIe
Concentration Time Effect Action to be Taken
0.02 ppm instant ThreshoId of smeII
(sensitive nose)
PHY8OLOGCAL EFFECT8
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
500 ppm Disturbance of baIance
centre. DifficuIty in
breathing, possibIe
breathing stop,
unconsciousness,
potentiaIIy IethaI
PIace person
exposed in fresh air.
Stay with the person
and monitor the
person
CaII a doctor (or
arrange medivac).
200 ppm Immediate paraIysis of
oIfactory nerve. It is
severeIy stinging to the
eyes and throat, and
extended exposure wiII
cause chemicaI
pneumonitis (puImonary
edema). Affects eyes and
respiratory organs
severeIy.
PIace person
exposed in fresh air,
stay with the person
and monitor.
CaII a doctor.
100 ppm OIfactory paraIysis
It tends to paraIyze the
oIfactory nerve when
affected for 3 to 15
minutes, so the abiIity to
smeII it is Iost in a few
minutes. Stings eyes and
throat.
PIace person
exposed in fresh air.
CaII a doctor
50 ppm Irritation to respiratory
tract
As above.
PIace person
exposed in fresh air.
CaII a doctor
Concentration Time Effect Action to be Taken
PHY8OLOGCAL EFFECT8
00 ppm Death may occur in minutes.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
H2S High Risk Areas
H2S can accumulate in enclosed areas such
as:
1. ompressor enclosures
2. Instrumentation cabinets with H2S supply
3. Drain systems
4. Sump aissons
Make sure that these areas are checked with a
H2S portable monitor beIore doing work or
opening these enclosures.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
ommon H2S Leak Areas
Vent lines
RelieI valves
Sample points
Drains
Flanges
Seals
Packings
Fittings
Valves
Turbines
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
How H2S AIIects You
When H2S is inhaled, it passes directly through
the lungs into the bloodstream. To protect itselI
the body breaks down the gases into a harmless
compound.
II you breath in more than the body can break
down, it builds up in the blood and you will go
unconscious.
The areas oI the brain which control breathing
become paralyzed, the lungs stop working and the
person is asphyxiated
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Fixed Gas Detection not used at R/S
Portable Gas Detection Industrial ScientiIic
and Triple plus - measure 2, LEL, and H2S.
Area Gas Detectors rowcom detectors
Personal Gas Monitors Gasman 11, alarms at
5 ppm and 10 ppm. nly monitors Ior H2S
hemical Detector Tubes used by the Lab
technicians
Testing Ior H2S Gas
Detection Systems
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Pre-Use Gas Detector hecks
Select the correct gas detector Ior the iob
heck that the detector is within the calibration
date
Ensure that it is in good shape, no damage
heck that the battery liIe is suIIicient
heck that the sensor head membranes are clean
and not blocked
heck the detector zeros in a clean environment
LEL0, H2S0, xygen20.9
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
LEL UEL
AT the LEL point, 100 will show on the gas monitor.
This tells you that you are in the explosive range oI the
gas. The range oI methane gas is Irom 5 to 15. H2S
gas has a range oI 4.3 to 44. If the concentration is
below the LEL the mixture is to lean to burn. if it is
above the UEL it is to rich to burn.
H2S
Methane
UEL
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
THE EXPLO8VE RANGE
0%
20%
30%
40%
50%
10%
Methane/Air H
2
S/Air
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Fire Triangle
Fuel
xygen
Heat or Ignition
source
Fuel and xygen have to exist in the right combination
to explode when a heat source is available.
II there is too much Iuel, what`s missing that you need to breath?
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Respiratory Protective Equipment
SBA - 30 minute, SelI ontained Breathing
Apparatus
SABA Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
10 Minute Escape Packs
ompressed Airline Breathing Apparatus
cascade system used with wireline and well
servicing operations.
ote: It is your responsibility to familiarize
yourself with the SCBA at your location.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
omponents oI SBA
Air Supply air cylinder, cylinder valve, cylinder
pressure gauge.
Regulator Assembly high pressure system,
pressure regulator, bypass/purge valve, pressure
gauge, low pressure alarm.
Face piece Assembly Iace piece, low pressure
hose, nose cup, exhalation valve, head harness.
Harness Assembly
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Instructions Ior Donning SBA
Prepare Equipment check cylinder pressure, Iace
piece, and harness.
Put on ylinder adiust and tighten straps.
Put on Face piece Tighten straps starting at the
chin Iirst.
Negative Pressure Test Block Iace piece opening
and breath in to check Ior seal and breath out to
check exhalation valve.
onnect Air pen cylinder, connect regulator,
and breath.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
leaning and Maintenance
Immediately aIter use, Breathing Air equipment must be
cleaned and properly stored. The Iace piece must be
sanitized with a commercial disinIectant that is approved
Ior use by the manuIacturer.
Inspections should be done at a minimum once per week
and cover:
1. hecking the pressure oI the cylinder
2. ondition oI breathing hose
3. ondition oI mask, straps Iully extended and pulled over
the Iront oI the mask
4. Mask protected in a plastic bag
5. All parts are clean and in good condition.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Procedures
Step 1 Evacuate Immediately iI there is an release oI
H2S you must evacuate the areas immediately, moving upwind or
crosswind and to a higher location.
Step 2 Sound the Alarm notiIy the control room that
there is a H2S release and where. Ask Ior help.
Step 3 Assess the Situation quickly assess iI there are
other hazards that could put you at risk. (explosive mixture)
Step 4 Protect yourselI by putting on SBA
Always don breathing air beIore attempting a rescue. Use SBA packs
and never escape packs Ior perIorming a rescue.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Procedure
Step 5 Rescue the victim You may rescue by
yourselI iI you know help is coming. Move victim upwind
to Iresh air.
Step 6 Revive the Victim assess the victim
Ior vital signs. II not breathing artiIicial respiration must be
started.
Step 7 Get Medical Aid All H2S victims
require medical attention. Never leave the victim alone.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Techniques
ollar Drag 1 person rescue
1. Place victim on their back.
2. Unzip victim`s coveralls 15-20 cm.
3. Roll up the collar oI the victim`s coveralls so
you can get a Iirm grip.
4. LiIt victim to semi-sitting position.
5. Support the victim`s head on your Iorearms.
6. Drag victim to a saIe area.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Techniques
Two-Arm Drag
1. Place the victim on their back.
2. Squat behind the victim.
3. LiIt the victim to a semi-sitting position, while
supporting the head and neck.
4. Use your thigh or knee to support the victim`s back.
5. Put your arms under the victim`s armpits.
6. ross the victim`s arms and get a Iirm hold on the
victims wrists.
7. LiIt victim up against your chest as you stand using your
legs to liIt.
8. Drag the victim to a saIe area.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Techniques
Two-Rescuer Drag
1. Place the victim on their back and unzip their coveralls
15-20 cm.
2. LiIt and prop the victim into a semi-sitting position.
3. Rescuers stand on each side oI the victim, Iacing away
Irom the victim`s Ieet.
4. Rescuers place their closest hand inside the victim`s
collar getting a Iirm grip oI the coveralls.
5. Working together, drag the victim to saIety, supporting
the victim`s neck with your Iorearms and the collar oI
the victim`s coveralls.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Techniques
Two-Rescuer arry or LiIt
1. Place the victim on their back.
2. ne rescuer goes to the victim`s head and supports the head and
neck.
3. The other rescuer squats at the victim`s Ieet, grips the victim`s
wrist(s) and slowly pulls the victim into a sitting position.
4. The rescuer at the head then squats behind the victim, reaches under
the armpits and grasps the victims wrist(s).
5. The rescuer at the Ieet crosses the victim`s legs at the ankles and
prepares to liIt.
6. Together, the rescuers liIt the victim evenly.
7. Facing Iorward, they carry the victim to a saIe area.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Rescue Breathing
1. Determine unresponsiveness
2. pen the airway.
3. Give 2 slow breaths
4. heck Ior a pulse
5. II no pulse, begin chest compressions. 15
compressions and 2 slow breaths.
6. AIter 4 cycles or 1 minute, check pulse again.
Note: you should be trained in PR beIore
administering.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Breaking ontainment
Examples oI breaking containment:
1. Launching and receiving pigs.
2. De-pressuring equipment to atmosphere
3. Wireline lubricator rig up
4. riIice plate changes
5. Pipe repairs
6. Gas/liquid sampling
7. ompressor maintenance (replacing valves)
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Breaking ontainment
The Iollowing conditions must exist beIore
breaking containment in a sour or H2S area
classiIication.
1. H2S concentration must be known
2. PTW, risk assessment, pre-iob must be held
3. Personal H2S monitors must be worn
4. Wind direction must be known
5. No other workers in the vicinity
6. Equipment must be isolated, drained, depressured
7. SBA is to be kept on hand.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Breaking ontainment
II H2S concentration is over 100 ppm.
1. Workers must wear breathing air beIore
breaking containment and until the atmosphere
is proved to be below 10 ppm.
2. SaIety standby positioned in case oI emergency
3. At no time are workers allowed to work in
atmospheres over 10 ppm.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Boarding PlatIorms and Satellites
When concentrations oI H2S in the gas
stream are between 10 500 ppm.
1. H2S Procedure must be Iollowed as well as Breaking ontainment
Guidelines.
2. Satellites will be equipped with 4 emergency escape packs and 1
SBA.
3. Boats to approach Irom downwind side with portable H2S detector
turned on.
4. II any levels detected then no boarding will take place until the IM
is contacted.
5. Boats to be equipped with with 2 30 minute SBA, 1 portable
detector, and personal H2S monitors Ior each worker boarding the
platIorm.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Boarding PlatIorms and Satellites
1. By Helicopter, observe the platIorm Ior any
abnormal conditions.
2. Workers to wear personal H2S monitors making
note oI wind direction and any abnormal
conditions.
3. II H2S detected, move upwind or crosswind
Irom the leak. The R/S emergency # must be
contacted 2800.
4. A SaIety Standby Man is required Ior work done
under breathing air in atmospheres over 100
ppm.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Boarding PlatIorms and Satellites
Additional requirements Ior platIorms over 500
ppm H2S. (EdIu, M20).
1. Minimum 3 personnel to board the satellite platIorm.
ne person to serve as saIety stand-by.
2. 4 escape packs, and 3 SBA`s and 2 spare bottles stored
on platIorm.
3. Boat equipped with 3-SBA`s, portable gas detector and
personal H2S monitors Ior all workers. Spare air bottles
should also be available.
4. Area must be checked with a portable H2S detector by
the saIety man beIore work is to begin.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
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S) TRANNG COURSE
SaIety Standby
To be used as an observer and back-up during
speciIic work procedures. Not part oI the work
crew, only concerned with saIety oI workers.
Must have knowledge oI:
1. Site speciIic iob procedures
2. perating procedures Ior the saIety equipment.
3. How to communicate to the supervisor
4. Trained in First Aid, PR, H2S, and Rescue
procedures.
5. Mandatory when workers are under mask in
atmospheres greater than 100 ppm.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
SaIety Standby
Duties to include
1. Rescue
2. Fire watch
3. Atmosphere monitoring
4. Ensure air supply is workers using SABA
5. Provide communication
6. Attend the pre-iob meeting
7. In the event oI an emergency will activate the 7 step
rescue plan
Give examples oI where you would require a saIety standby.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Emergency Evacuation
The normal muster point Ior an uncontrolled
release oI H2S gas will be the Helideck.
Remember that there may be a greater risk oI
explosion iI there is an uncontrolled release oI gas.
Never walk through a gas cloud to get to the
muster point as YU may be the source oI
ignition.
II a hazard such as a gas leak is blocking the
access to the muster point, an alternate muster
location must be communicated by the IM or
lead operator.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
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S) TRANNG COURSE
Examples oI Breaking ontainment
Pigging as a class, discuss what the
procedure should be to pig the 12 line Irom
EdIu to Morgan 36. List the steps to do this
iob. The line contains 800 ppm H2S.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
Example
Follow pigging procedure Ior launching pig.
PTW and a pre-iob meeting.
2 men working under mask with a saIety standby.
Assure valves are swung to receive pig at Morgan 36.
Personal H2S monitors, portable gas monitor, 3 SBA,
radio with extra battery.
3 operators, all clean shaven.
Depressure the pig trap, purge with sea water, drain, open
vents. Trap should still be opened under mask with
workers staying up wind or crosswind.
How about receiving the pig at Morgan 36. What would be
diIIerent?
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
2
S) TRANNG COURSE
"uestions and Exam
Any questions?
losed book exam. The exam should take
no longer than 30 minutes.
A H2S training certiIicate will be issued
aIter receiving a mark oI 80 or more.
Please print your name on the exam clearly.
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HYDROGEN SULFDE (H
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S) TRANNG COURSE
Training Agenda
lass size should be limited to 16.
2 diIIerent styles oI SBA, 2 portable gas detectors,
sample gas, 2 personal H2S monitors. Students should
demonstrate use.
LEL and UEL should be explained in detail using
drawings.
All student should demonstrate donning SBA, masks
should be wiped clean aIter every use.
The rescue techniques should be demonstrated and the 7
step rescue plan should be demonstrated.
Test can be corrected in class.
Estimated time oI course 4-5 hours.
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