Zond ST2 D

.
(, )
ZONDST2D
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Zond geophysical software

Saint-Petersburg 2001-2010
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Cell summarization ............................................................................................................ 69

ZONDST2D
.

.
.
.
.
,
.

.

(Shortest paths method).
.

.
()
.
.
AT W T WA
C T RC m
AT W T f
C T RCm
A
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ZONDST2D ,


, ()
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,
.

..
.
S
diag( AT A)

.
ZONDST2D
.
,
, .
ZONDST2D
, .

.
ZONDST2D
,
IBM PC- Windows.

ZONDST2D
Windows 98 . : P IV-2 ,
512 . , 1024 X 768, -True color. (
).


ZONDST2D - .
.
: www.kaminae.narod.ru.

( Zond). ,
.

SenseLock.
SenseLock (
, ) InstWiz3.exe.
. ,
.
.

Registration file. ,
.
,
, Registration.
- SenseLock.
, USB.

ZONDST2D
Windows 98 . : P IV-2 ,
512 . , 1024 X 768, -True color. (
).


, Windows XP,
( ).

( , ) .
.
.

.
SEG-Y.
, Create
survey .
.


(),
.
SEG-Y
. ,
,
( ).
:

/
).
, ,
, .
, ,
.
.
. SHIFT
.
, (

) .
Table ,
.
Sx Sz
.
.
.
Fix
()
.
V / .
, .
Rx
.
.
Rz .

.
Gear .

. , (
) .
.
Fix .
Dead .
.
Ft
( ).
Array .
, .
.
.
Hodographs
.
.
.

. SHIFT.

SHIFT.
. .
( )
. .
- :
Laccolite god file

.
Laccolite god directory
.
.
XTomo file XTomo.
.
Coordinates .
(:
1 0, 2 0, 3 0 ..),
Coordinates. : X Z X
Z.
- :
Laccolite god file

.
Laccolite god directory
.
.
XTomo XTomo.
FirstTomo - FirstTomo.

, .
. / ,
.
.
- .
- .
Multi .
, ,
.
.
.
Type . One
. Source -

(,
).
, . All -
.
, . Reciprocity
( ).
Source All
.
).
( ).
.

. ( - ):
10
SEG-Y
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
( )
. ,
.. .
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
SHIFT
.
.
, ,
. , ,
.
11
( ).
, .
.

.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
File/Open SEG-Y/Project

SEG-Y .
File/Save project
File/Close project
File/Print preview
File/Include topography

ZondST2D (
).
File/Project information
Settings/Image options
Settings/Image visible
12
.
Settings/Graphics options
Settings/File options
Settings/Scaling options
Settings/mSec units
.
Tools/Set working area
Fix
.
Tools/Select all
Tools/Rotate plot
.
Tools/Picking mode
.
.

. SHIFT

.
Tools/Display cross
,
.
Tools/Edit source pos
Options/Delete current shot
Options/Delete empty shots
Options/Seismogram
summarization
Multi Shot.
Options/Trace
summarization
Multi Shot.

13
Options/Sort shots by name

Options/Sort
shots
by .
position
Options/Sort trace by offset
Options/Copy trace
Options/Paste trace
.
Options/Reciprocity error
.
Options/Start times error
.

SEG-Y .
SEG-Y ,
.
Automatic .
- .
Forward byte order - .
. Samples number
. Samples interval
( ).
IEEE/IBM PC/UNIX.
IEEE/IBM Forward byte order.

14
Sort by name/data
.
Processing .
- (
).

. to null
, to maximum .

Trace , .
First Second
( Multi) .
Negative Positive
(Fill color , Transparent ).

15
Line color . Active line color

. Display line - ,
.
Trace
. Current, Previous, Next, Reciprocity, Calculated
.
( ).

,
. Norm style .
Common maximum .
Trace maximum -
. Average maximum -

16
Clipping
, . Maximum Minimum
, .
By start data ,
() .
Autoscaling .
, .
Pixel for trace (
) Pixel for sample ( ).
Start time (
) . /
, .
.

. ,
.
( ).

17
.
, .
(All traces - ,
Active trace - ) .
.
Spectrum of ,
. All traces .
Trace .
Apply to ,
. All traces .
Active trace .


18
ZONDST2D
(Create survey)

, ,
,
. ZONDST2D :
XTOMO.
.
, ZONDST2D,
*.ST. .
Zond data file
Zond.
Program configuration
:
, ( TAB
SPACE)
(,
)
,
10000, /
500.

ZONDST2D ( *.ST). ,
. ,
, .
,
. ,
, (Observed) (Calculated)
, , (Model,
WorkSheet) *.BMP (Output settings).
Zond project data
.
19
Zond calculated data
Zond observed data
Worksheet
BMP.
Model
BMP.
Output settings.
.
Program configuration
Zond
model
with .
calculated
Grid file
-.
Section file
section.
/,
.
ZONDST2D data files ( *.ST).
, ,
.
ZONDST2D ()
:
Tz Ty Tz ( . Transmitter)
Rx Ry Rz ( . Receiver)
Y Z . ,
,
(-)
sample_with_z_source,
sample_with_chdata. Z / ,
/
.

20

( ).
:
() ft
, Weight,
.
. (..
Weight) 1 .
,
, ,
.
(
).
***.
sample_with_ext_nodes.

, topo,
.
.

21
topo ,
topo1.
topo~ .
,
. ,

topo2a/topo2b.
topo#
().
, X
. -
. ,
/ P .
( ), X
topo3.
topo^ ,
topo4.
22
, , topo~#.
topow ,
( ).

( ).
(
( )),
(2-4). ,
water1.
water3,
.
.
topo* ,
water2.
,
, Real topo coordinates, ,
, . Grid file
Real topo coordinates .

. txt ,
.
:
( ),
. .
23
0.5
118.3035394 0
126.9002384 0
1.5
123.4170888 0
116.1519574 0
2.5
117.240884
111.9424174 0
3.5
142.0405875 0
125.3686538 0
4.5
521.0730567 0
735.5232592 0
5.5
707.7315998 0
706.3561614 0
6.5
725.9945623 0
722.433627
7.5
717.0991126 0
716.9836552 0
8.5
725.5024012 0
722.3551713 0
9.5
731.5717173 0
10
723.5097884 0
10.5
726.8844987 0
11
725.962034
11.5
743.2485878 0
12
726.4061156 0
12.5
734.399887
13
727.9166309 0
13.5
116.1921851 0
14
517.9613065 0
14.5
125.3706264 0
15
111.2952478 0
15.5
131.911879
16
107.9217309 0

24
16.5
114.9327361 0
17
134.0939196 0
17.5
138.4457143 0
18
129.1165104 0
:
( )
. .
. .
23 , ,
.
.
0 1 0 13 1
25
4 1 0 13 1
4 1 0 19 2
11 1 0 19 2
11 1 0 27 3
16 1 0 27 3
( *.crt) ,
. CRT
.
2280.txt
2280
- ( )
18 2 2 1 0 1 0 0
18 .
2 - ( , 1 - 20).
2 - 0 - 3.
0 - ( ); carot1.crt
1 - ( )
; carot2.crt
2 - ; strati.crt
3
,
;
1 - 0 - 2.
0,1 ;
1,2 - ;
0 - (
, ) 0 n-1, n
.
1 - .
0 - 0, 1.
0 .
3246.txt

26
3246
102 2 2 1 0 1 0 0

BHEeditor.

,
.

File/Import/Export
, , ,
, , .

ZOND, .

Import/Export/Carotage data.

27
.
-sample_with_bhdata.
Import/Export/Importmodel/data
ZOND .

.
,
, .

28

*.dat, ( graphics-plot)
, . - sample_with_exported_graphic.
*.dat
, .
SHIFT

.
Save/Load selection
. ,
(Blocks section), Selection
Save selection.
:
. ,
.
Load selection
. ,
.
Extract 1d log / Load 1d log.

X .
X.
29
, ,
.
(
) Import/export/ Section file.
, , , ,
.
half-space transparency.
*.sec .
-sample_with_sectfile.
*.sec :
1- ;
2-
X1 Y1 X2 Y2.
sect.emf
0 0 152.4 53.3
Blocks section ,
. ,
.
Smooth section ,
.

30
Output settings Vertical scale (

), Horizontal scale ( ),
Print resolution ( DPI) Font
size.
BMP (Model)
Automatic.
.

. ( - ):
.
.
31
.
/.
.
( ).
.
.

(
).
) .
File/Open file
File/Save file
File/Edit data
Notepad.
File/Syntetic survey
File/Create survey
File/Project information
File/Print preview
File/Recent
File/Reg file
File/Register
File/Exit
Options/Mesh constructor
Options/Program setup
Options/Data editor
Options/Observed graphics

32
.
Options/Calculated graphics
.
Data/First times
Data/ Apparent velocity
Data/Hodographs
Data/IsoOffset
Data/Ray paths/Direct
( ).
Data/Ray paths/Calculated

, .
Model/Block section
Model/Smooth section
Model/Contour section
Model/Velocity
Model/Sensitivity
Model/dVelocity
Model/Extend bottom
Model/Cut by rays
Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Length
step
optimize
,
.
Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Display process
(
, , ,
).
Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Underwater
33
options/ Velocity

Advanced/Inverse
options/ Invert
Advanced/Inverse
options/ Sublayers number 3
m0
Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Average window
8x4
( Occam)
Advanced/Cells
summarization
).
Advanced/Velocity-Offset
plot
.
Advanced/Reverse
Advanced/Shift

.
in .
Advanced/Open
modeling mode
Advanced/Real
topo .
coordinates
Advanced/Extended nodes
Advanced/Set weight
Advanced/Offset as weight
Advanced/Receiver RMS

/.
Advanced/Orientation
(auto),
(vertical, horizontal).
Import/Export/Carotage data
34
.
Import/Export
/Import
. ^
model/data
Import/Export /Remove data
/Save .
Import/Export
selection
/Load
Import/Export
selection
Import/Export /Extract 1d
log
Import/Export /Load 1d log
Import/Export/Section file
SectionCor (*.sec).
Import/Export/Remove
Import/Export/Output
setting
^ : ,
. .
Zond 2D,
, , .
, .

/ .
Delete
Insert
.
F
magic wand

35
.
/
/ /
Space

,
:
.
.
.
.
.
SHIFT

.
*.ST,
. ,
,
.
.

36
Z nodes
.
.

16.
1.05 .
Start Z / Minimum .
. X
.
Maximum . ,
, ..
.
Nodes number . 1518 . X
.
Incremental number / Intermediate nodes
. 1
2. X (
).
37
X .
.
Regular mesh ,
.
/ (
).
X nodes
.
Minimum .
Maximum - .
Nodes number .
(.. x
)
.
Intermediate nodes
/ (0 - 4).
Regular mesh ,
.
/.
Start velocity .
End velocity .

.

Apply,
.
,
,
.

38
,
: File/Syntetic survey.
.

: /
(), / ( )
( ), .
/
. ( )
. ,
.

/, .

.

, .
.

39

. ( - ):
/.
/.
, .
( ) /.
.
.
.
.
.
SHIFT,
(/ ),
.
.
.
.
.

40
.
/ ( ).
/ .
,
.
.
,
.
.

.
Select all positions ,
.
Deselect all positions .
Create full array ,
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
.

,
, .

41
,
File/Project information,
:
- /;
- / ;
- ;
- ( ):
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;

,
.
Default .
Inversion .

42
Inversion ,
.
,
.
.
Smoothness constrained
.
( ) .

43

:
ATW TWA
CT C m
ATW T f
.
.
, .
Occam
[Constable,
1987].

:
AT W T WA
CT C m
AT W T f
C T Cm

Smoothness factor. ,
.
Marquardt
(Ridge regression) [Marquardt, 1963].
,
.

:
44
AT W T WA
AT W T f
I m
, .

Marquardt, (
), Smoothness constrained
Occam.
Focused
[Portniaguine,
2000].
, ,
.

:
AT W T WA
C T RC m
AT W T f
C T RCm

Threshhold.
,
( , ).
( ) Ri
e ri :
Ri
e2
e2
ri
Blocks .
.
,
Marquardt:
AT W T WA
I m

AT W T f
45

( Focused),
Cell summarization.
, .
.
Smoothing factor
( ).
,
: 0.5 - 2;
: 0.005 - 0.01.

Occam Focused.
smoothing factor:
0.01 1. 4.5 %, 6 %.
Robust weighting scheme

,
.
.
Stop criteria .
46
Iterations ,
.
RMS error ,
.
Reduction ,
%)
.
Focusing parameters
Threshold
(
).
(0.001-1).
( ).
.

Threshold: 0.01 0.1.
Sharpness
(0), -
(1). (0.7).
Sharpness: 0.8 0.2.

47
Use reference model , .

. Occam
Focused.
,
. ,
.
( )
( ) ( ).

48
Options
.
Model
Min velocity, Max velocity
.
Smoothness
ratio
. -
<1, - >1. ,
, 0.2 1.

Smoothness ratio: 1 0.3.

49
Topo coefficient (0-5).

0 . 1 -
, .
:
z * x, z
Topo x
z 1
max(Topo) Topo x
Tcoeff ,
max( z )
Topo , z - .
Precision .
Number of surface layers (0-2) ,
. 1-2 ,
.
.
Cell grouping .
,
.
,
. ,
.
: (Layer)
; (ID) ; (Width)
( ),
, .
.
Width
, -

50
ID
, -
.
: ,
, , ,
, , ,
.

/
.
. 8 :
ID
Sx
Sz
Rx
Rz
ft
Weight

51
Pr
, ,
.
. 0 1.
,
.

, .
Options/Data
Hodographs, IsoOffset.

52
:
.
, , ,
. ,
, .
).

.

SHIFT.
. .
( )
. .

.
Options/Observed(Calculated)
graphics.

53

, 0.
Alt ,
Alt ,
0.

.
Style .
Interpolate ,
: min color, 1/3 color, 2/3 color
max color. const ( color)
. random
Line
. ,
Line .
Pointer
. ,
Pointer .
Border
. ,
Border .
Options .
Default .
54
.
SHIFT .
Format .
Border
.
Color .
Pattern .
Outline
.
Shadow
.
Point .
Visible / .
Style .
Width .
Height .

55
Inflate margins ,
.
Pattern .
Border
.
Gradient .
Marks .
Style.
Visible / .
Draw every , ..
.
Angle .
Clipped , ,
.
Arrows
.
Border .
Pointer (
Point).
Length .
Distance
.
Arrow head .
None
Pointer. Line
. Solid .
Size , .
Format
.
Color .
Frame .
Pattern .
Bevel : , .
56
Size .
Size .
Transparent Transparency .
Text:
Font .
Outline .
Inter-char spacing
.
Gradient
.
Outline gradient , :
.
Shadow
.
Gradient
.
Shadow
.

.
SHIFT
.
.

57
Style ,
, ..
Position
.
Symbols .
Title .
Text .
Format, Gradient Shadow ,
.

, .

.

:
Log data scale
.
Display grid point
Display ColorBar
Setup
Print preview
Save picture
Save XYZ file

Surfer.
Default

58
.
Box margins
Left margin ( ) .
Right margin ( ) .
Top margin ( ) .
Bottom margin ( ) .
Fill&Line colors
Min contour , 1/3 contour, 2/3 contour Max contour
Min contour Max contour 1/3 contour 2/3 contour.

.
Num levels .
, .
Min isoline Max isoline
Min isoline Max isoline.
.
Isolines , .
User data limits

59
User limits - ,
Minimum Maximum
.
Minimum .
Maximum .

. SHIFT
. : options
default. ,
.
Scales
.
Auto , .
, ,
Minimum Maximum.
Visible / .
Inverted .
Increment change .
Logarithmic - .
LinLog
options.
Base .
60
LinLog options ,
.
.
Dec Shift
( )
. ()
, .
Min dec () ,
.
Rounded limits ,
.
Minimum Maximum .
Auto , -
Change.
Offset
.
Title .
Style:
Title .
Angle .
Size . 0
.
Visible / .
Text:
Font .
Outline .
Inter-char spacing
.
Gradient
.
.
Shadow
.
61
Labels .
Style:
Visible / .
Multiline .
Round first .
Label on axis .
Alternate .
Size . 0
.
Angle .
Min separation % .
Text:
Font .
Outline .
Inter-char spacing
.
Gradient
.
.
Shadow
.
Ticks .
Axis .
Grid .
Ticks . Len
.
Inner .
Len .
Centered .
At labels only
.
62
Minor
.
Grid .
Ticks .
Length .
Minor .
Len .
Count .
Position .
Position %
( ,
Units).
Start %
( ).
End %
( ).

( block-section).
, .
,
.
, ,
.

. ,

, .
.
.
63
Display model mesh
Display
, .
objects ,
border
Display color bar
,
.
Setup
Zoom&Scroll
Print preview
Set minimum
Set maximum
Set incremental factor
.
Automatic
Log scale
Set halfspace value
Set cursor value
Log scale
Set maximum
Redivide

64
( ).
Thick mesh
Thin mesh
.
Redivide
/.
Thick mesh

(
/).
Thin mesh
.

:
Display cell setup
Cell to cursor value

.
.
Edit mode
Selection\Free
form
selection
. .
Selection\Rectangular
selection
. .
Selection\Elleptical
selection
. .
Selection\Magic wand

.
.
.
Selection\Remove
selection

65
Mesh
options\add .
.
column /row
Mesh options\remove .
column /row
Mesh
options\resize .
column /row
.
Clear model

:
.

Zoom&Scroll .
, , .
, ,
.
SHIFT
. SHIFT
.
.
CTRL
.

.
.

Options

66
Box margins
Left ( ) .
Right ( ) .
Top ( ) .
Bottom ( ) .
Object difference -
, .
Selection admissibility -
, ,
( Magic Wand).
Parameter alteration
( ), Edit,
Shift.
Font .
Colors
Color bar
Min color, 1/3 color, 2/3 color Max color
,
.
Others
Body border ,
Parameter alteration .
67
Grid .
Selection - .
Fixed - .
Transparency halfspace ,
.

.
Value .
Fixed .
Min value, Max value .
Apply to selected ,
.

68

Cell summarization
Cell summarization ( )
. Blocks.
.
.
Blocks,
(Contrast factor),
.
Start layers ,

69
Smooth,
(Smooth factor),
. End layers ,
.

70

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Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Laccolite god file

Laccolite god file

Zond geophysical software

Tools/Edit source pos

Options/Delete current shot

Options/Delete empty shots

Zond geophysical software

Options/Sort shots by name

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Line color . Active line color

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond calculated data

Zond observed data

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Extract 1d log / Load 1d log.

Zond geophysical software

Output settings Vertical scale (

Zond geophysical software

Data/ Apparent velocity

Import/Export /Remove data

Import/Export /Load 1d log

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Robust weighting scheme

Zond geophysical software

Use reference model , .

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Topo coefficient (0-5).

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Save XYZ file

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Display model mesh

Display color bar