f~wgi cwgwZ wek-lb (Morphometric Analysis) mK Professor of Geography, Cambridge University Richard J.

Chorley Gi ee nQ- The need

for the precise description of the geometry of landforms, particularly those of domnantly fluvial erosive origin, has been a recurring theme in geomorphology.This topogrphic, hydraulic and hydrological unity of the basin provieded the basis for the Morphometric system of R.J. Horton(1954), as elaborated by Strahler(1964), and it is now employed as a basic erosional landscape element. -Introduction to fluvial processes, 1977.

b`xgvjv AeevwnKvi Aaqbi KviYK) b`x wbq bi Rb; L) cvwb mieivn AevnZ ivLvi Rb I M) cvwb Pi Aev Rvbvi Rb|

AeevwnKvi ewk wek-lbwewfb b`x we vbx AeevwnKvi ewkK wewfb fve wek-lb KiQb| Horton,(1932) Ges jvseb(1947) AeewnKvMZ w`K _K b`xK wek-lb KiQb| Djgvb (1967) b`x Ges DcZKvi w`K _K b`xK wek-lb KiQb| Rbb, m Ges M b`xgvjv AeevwnKvi cwqv MMix I Iqvwjs b`xR f~wgi c mg~ni wek-lb KiQb| LvZ wek-lb AeevwnKv mviYx b`x Lvsk c jvi Ges Pvwj AeevwnKvi cwqvLvski AvqZb AeevwnKv b`x LvZ b`x I AvKwZK cQ` wek-lb KiQb| GjvKv msjM AvqZb AvqZb AvqZb
`N AvKwZ AeevwnKv `N AeevwnKv AvKwZ AeevwnKv eziZv ev AeevwnKv Xvj b`x LvZ `N, b`xgvjv NbZ RvwjKv AvKwZ, b`x AvKwZ b`x Lvski `N eZv b`x LvZ AvKwZ c i `N ci AvKwZ eziZvi cQ` MfxiZv

eziZv|

RvwjKv b`x LvZ eziZv ev eziZv, b`x RvwjKv Xvj ev LvZ Xvj

b`xR f~wgi c wek-lb1964 mvj jvi b`xR f~wgi cK mvavibZ wbg wjwLZ wZb fve wek-lb Kib 1| b`x AeevwnKvi mij iwLK c KwZ, 2| b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZwbK cKwZ I 3| b`x gvjv AeevwnKv Ges b`x LvZ RvwjKv eziZv| 1| b`x AeevwnKvi mij iwLK cKwZt A) UcvjwRKj `wKvY-b`x chvq g (Order) wfvRb AbycvZ (bifurcation ratio) Av) RvwgwZK `wKvY b`xi `N (Stream Length) b`xi Mo `N( Average Stream Length) b`xi `N AbycvZ (Stream -Length Ratio) AeevwnKvi AwfKl K` _K `yiZ (The Distance to the centre of Gravity
of the Drainage Basin)

`xNZg AeevwnKvi evmi `N b`xi `N I DcZKv `Ni AbycvZ

b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZwbK wek-lb (Areal aspects

of the Basin)

K) b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZb (Area of the Basin) L) AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ (Drainage Density of the Basin) M) AeevwnKv I AvqZbi cvivwiK cv_K (Basin
Area Ratio)

N) AeevwnKvi AvKwZ (Shape of the Basin) b`x gvjv AeevwnKv Ges b`x LvZ RvwjKv eziZv (Relief
aspects of the Basin)

K) b`x LvZi Xvj L) AeevwnKvi Xvj M) AeevwnKv eziZv

N) b`x `N I Xvji mK

K) b`x chvq g (Order)

nUbi b`x chvq g

mvs b ` x e v` i e vb c g c h _ vq 2 q c h vq 3 qc h vq 4 _ h c vq

mvs b ` x e v` i e vb

Strahler Gi b`x chvq g

c g c h vq _ 2 q c h vq 3 q c h vq 4 _ c h vq

mvs b ` x 1 1 1 1 1 9 19 2 1 18 2 1 1 1 14 1 2 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 e v` i e vb 28

1 2 5 2 1 1

kfi b`x chvq g

wfvRb AbycvZ (bifurcation

ratio)

b=

Nu Nu+1

GLvb, b= w-fvRb AbycvZ, Nu= Kvb chvqi b`x LvZi gvU msLv, Nu+1= cieZx chvqi b`x LvZi Kvb chvqi b`x LvZi gvU msLv (Nu) wbYqi Rb wbg v m gvU msLv|

(k-u) Nu= Rb
GLvb, k= AeevwnKvi DPZg chvq msL u = b`x avc ev chvq

K
Dc ` Kv Zv s c vn vo R Z vw b W
b` xi

b` x e Zv= i

b` x ` i DcZKv ` i

ev e
K e v R v i R j v

n w

Kv

C
g n k L vj x Pb j

v
C` vI

I
b` x

` x

K e vR vi D c R j v

L) AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ (Drainage Density of the Basin) t Kvb GjvKvi b`x jvi gvU `NK H GjvKvi AvqZb viv fvM Kij AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ cvIqv hvq|

Lk D!
Ak

GLvb, D =AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ, Lk=Kvb GjvKvi b`x jvi gvU `N, Ak =AeevwnKvi AvqZb| Dcii wP I mviYx _K KevRvi Rjvi 35 wKwg `N wewk C`MvI b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZb 142 eM wKwg I b`x jvi gvU `N 516.2 wKwg|

b`x LvZi Xvj t b`xi Drm nZ gvnbv ch DPZv I Abyf~wgK `~iZi AbycvZK b`x LvZi Xvj ejv nq| b`x LvZi Xvj K wgUvi/wKjvwgUvi cKvk Kiv nq| f~`k Xvj Dj-L hvM f~wgKv cvjb Ki _vK| Xvj wbvkb aiY wbavib Ki Ges f~-ci cwieZb NUvq| Xvj AeevwnKvi Dw`, cvYx, emwZ , mP, cwienb, Abycek, cvwb aviY, cvwb cevn BZvw` wbq Y Ki _vK| wewfb chvq b`xi Xvj H mgvb _vK bv| mvavibZt 1g chvq b`xi Xvj ekx _vK Ges b`xi chvq I Xvj wecixZ fve mKhy| wP C`MvI AeevwnKvi b`x LvZi Mo Xvj 5.65wg/ wKwg| L Xvj (S) =
K H = gvnbv nZ Drm ch DPZv(198 wg) n w g v L = b`x LvZi Abyf~wgK `~iZ(38 wKwg)|Kw C`MvI b`x AeevwnKv,KevRvi e 8w v

198w g
2

e v R v i R j v

C
g n k L vj x Pb j

Mv
C ` MvI

I
b` x

` x

K e vR vi D c R j v

Kvwjdvwbqv wekwe`vjqi f~Mvji mnhvMx AavcK Leal A. K. Mertes b`xLvZ mK ejbRiver, any body of fresh water flowing from an upland source to a large lake or to the sea, fed by such sources as springs and tributary streams. The main parts of a river include a channel, in which the water flows, and a floodplain a flat region of a valley on either side of the channel . - Microsoft Encarta 2008.

jvi(1964) Gi gZ b`xLvZ nj cevwnZ cvwbi kwi dj MwVZ GKwU mi ev PIov, Mfxi ev AMfxi, mvRv ev evuKv, Lvov mylg Xvj wewk GB c_ hvi gaw`q axi ev cej eM KLbv mweivg ev KLbv Aweivg fve cvwb cevwnZ nq| Bnv KLbv Ggb mi nq h GK jvdB cvi nIqv hvq Avevi KqK gvBj ch ck nq _vK|

the River Severn

Meanders on the Severn (middle course)

mvaviY fve b`xi h vbw`q cvwb cevwnZ nq ZvK b`x LvZ ej| AvKwZ I ewki Dci wfw Ki b`x LvZ K KqK fve fvM Kiv hvq| George Harry Dury Introduction to Fluvial Processes cyK GK AvU kbxZ fvM KiQb| hgbmwcj (Meandering) webywb (Braided) mij (Straight)
Straight- simulating Deltaic- distributary Anabranching Reticulate Irregular.

Channel Length (ft.) SINUOSITY = -----------------------------Valley Length (ft.)

mwcj b`xLvZ (Meandering channel) t b`x LvZ Pjvi c_ h mvg m c~Y eZvi m w Ki ZvK mwcj b`xLvZ (Meandering channel) ej| Dbwesk kZvxi gafvM _K mwcj b`xLvZ(Meandering) Gi msLvZvwK w`K wbq cPzi MelYv nqQ| 1954 mvj cvwbwe vbx ivgj b`xi mvg m c~Y eZvi Meander kwU c_g eenvi Kib

A Braided channel is one that have development into sevsral channels which successively meet and redivided. - Leopold Wolman & Miller.