Combinatorial Poalysis (from Ross chapter 1) Combinatorial analysis is the mothematical theory of counting, cxomle A communication system consists of 4 identical antennas that lie along a line. The system will be functional as long as no tw consecutive antennas are defective . If 20F the 4 antennos are defective, what is the probability thot the system is Functional ? solution: There are six possible conf iqurat ions o1lo not functional ool functional Lolo functional o off not funetional loo functionol | loo not functional 1 means defective O means not defective voongs 97 te2. Generalize unting Pring le @ If rexperiments thot are to be performed such that the first one may result in ony of 1, possible outcomes, and if for each of these n, possible outeomes there ore nz possible outcomes of the second experiment and if for each of the possitle. outcomes of the First tuo experiments there are n3 possible outcome of the third experiment ant, Fe. + then there is a tol of Menge possible outcomes of he experiments , example Hous mong different T-ploce license plotes ore e possible if the First 3 oces are to be occupied by letters and the Final 4 by fumbers. Sclution: 26X26 26x to x10 Alo £10 = 175, 760, 000 Pe rrautations eg SAL Ory) Hew many different ordered Arrangements of the letters a, band c are possible solution : By direct enumeration the answer is 6. abe jacb, bac , bea ,cab, cba a C|sctoF 3 objcats , Eoch of the six above arrangements 1s Known as a permuto 4 ion. Thus There are six possible permutationsThis result can be cbloined from the gene ta\ized basic princes ple of counting, since the First object in the permutotion can be am of the 3, the second obje ctin the permutot ion con then be ees from ony of the cemaini 2, and fhe third 0 aject | in the pmutetion From a remaining I (oe.) ans= Bxani=6), By © Same reasoning: The number of pet mulctions of n » dishindt obyeets is mxtnet)x(n-2)-- =n! example Hows 4 different leter arrangements can be formed using the letlers PEPPER? solution: There ave bl permutations of the letters P£, P Pa ER when the 3 P's and 2's are Ae From cock other. However | consider on of these permulations - for instance PY LULL permule the P's amo eats and the &'s orrong themselves then the resultant onenge ement would still be PPEPER . That is all dish ngu is) x2 permu tations PPE, Pz ER P,P, E, Py ER FP, E, Pa ER ot