Shape of a Distribution

Shape of a Distribution
Describes how data is distributed Measures of shape
Symmetric or skewed

Left-Skewed

Symmetric

Right-Skewed
Mode < Median < Mean

Mean < Median < Mode Mean = Median =Mode

Pearson Method

3 ( Med SK = S

)
If: 1. SK = 0, Symmetric 2. SK < 0, Left Skewed 3. SK > 0, Right Skewed

Mod SK = S

Bowley Method
SK

(Q 3 Q 2 ) (Q 2 Q 1 ) = (Q 3 Q 2 ) + (Q 2 Q 1 ) (Q 3 Q 2 ) (Q 2 Q1 ) = (Q 3 Q1 )
If: 1. SK = 0, Symmetric 2. SK < 0, Left Skewed 3. SK > 0, Right Skewed

(Q3 + Q1 2Q2 ) = (Q3 Q1 )

Aplha (3)
Ungrouped Data

1 = n.S

Group Data

If: 1. SK = 0, Symmetric 2. SK < 0, Left Skewed 3. SK > 0, Right Skewed

1 3 3 = 3 Fi (i ) n.S

Kurtosis (4)
Ungrouped Data

1 4 = 4 n.S

If:
1. 4 = 3, Mesokurtis 2. 4 < 3, Platykurtis 3. 4 > 3, Leptokurtis

Group Data

1 4 = 4 n.S

F (
i

Exploratory Data Analysis

Box-and-whisker plot
Graphical display of data using 5-number summary

X smallest Q 1

Median( Q2)

Q3

Xlargest

10

12

Distribution Shape and Box-and-Whisker Plot

Left-Skewed Symmetric Right-Skewed

Q1

Q2 Q3

Q1Q2Q3

Q1 Q2 Q3