Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(ref;a&mbwf bZef)
u&ifhvufeufuikd fwyfaygif;pHkrS rsdK;cspfol&Jaumif;taygif;wkd=
u&ifwrsdK;om;vHk;[m u&iftrsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;/ 'Drkdua&;pDa&;/ wef;wla&;/
uk,
d -fh urRmukd,fzefwD;ykdifcGifh&SdwhJ au:ol;avu&ifjynfwnfaqmufa&;eJjynfe,faygif;pkz,f'
&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf jrwfw&m;wJh vufeufuikd fckcHawmfvSefppf qifeJGcJh
wm &mpkeSpf w0ufausmfvGefcJhjyD; urBmrSmt&Snf-umqHk;ppfyJGwckqifeJGcJhwo
Jh l&Jaumif;yDowJh
vlrsdK;wrsdK;jzpfw,fqkdwm az:jyaeygw,f?
u&ifwrsdK;om;vHk;[m trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif-uD;apmbOD;-uD;&Jh awmfvSefwo
Jh pPmw
&m; (4) yg; (0g) rlav;csufukd ckdifjrJpGmqkwfukdifxm;jcif;/ u&ifhvGwfvyfa&;twGuft&m&mukd
pGef@vGwftepfemcHekdifjcif;/ vGwfvyfwJhvlrsdK;tjzpfvJvloduQm
eJvlwefzkd;&SdpGmtouf&Sifvjkd cif;/
ppf&SHK;wJhvlrsdK;tjzpf oduQmrJhpGmtoufr&Sifvjkd cif;awGa-umifh &mpkeSpfw0ufausmfatmif ckcHppf
ukd qifeJGekdifwmjzpfw,f? u&ifhvGwfvyfa&;r&rcsif;/ uk,
d f-urRmuk,
d fzefwD;ykdifcGifh&SdwhJ tzu
&ifjynf r&rcsif;/ wef;wla&;eJJukd,fyidk fjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&SdwJh jynfe,faygif;pkz,f'&,fjynf
axmifpkrwnfaqmufeikd frcsif; aeSmifeSpfaygif;(&m=axmif)ru -umonfhwikd f jrwfw&m;wJh ckcH
awmfvSefppfukd qifeJGoGm;rSmjzpfw,f? txufygtcsufawG[m u&ifwrsdK;om;vH;k ucH,lxm;
wJh ckdifrmwJhcH,lcsufeJopPmw&m;awGjzpfw,f?
u&ifhckcHawmfveS fppfeSpfaygif;(60)ausmfumvrsm;twGif;tuJt
G jyJawG&cSd Jhw,f?tuJt
G
jyJawGjzpf&wJh tajccHta-umif;&if;uawmh=&efolJ (r[mAsL[mavhvma&;Xme)awGu/ u&ifh
awmfvSefa&;&Jh tm;enf;wJt
h ykdif;ukd cJGjcm;pdwfjzmjyD;enf;rsdK;pHkeJaoG;aqmif/zsm;a&mif;/ oyfvsdK/
jzdKcJGvkd pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrSKjydKuJGjyD; tuJGtjyJawG jzpfcJh&wmjzpfw,f? aemufwcsufuawmh=t
zJGtpnf;twGif; tawG;tac:/ cH,lcsufrwlwm&,f/ tcGifhxl;cH/ukd,fusdK;&SdrSKawG/ bmoma&;
*kd%f;*eawG/ a'opJG/ yk*d~KvfpaJG wGa-umifh tuJt
G jyJawGjzpf&w,f? uJjG yD;qkdwmeJvufeufuikd f
wku
d fyJGtqifha&muf&w,f? ppfjzpfjyDqkdwmeJ bufeSpfbufu u&ifhol&JaumifawG usqHk;-u
w,f/ 'kudQwawGtrsm;-uD;&Sdcw
Jh ,f? toufaygif;rsm;pGmqHk;&SHK;cJhw,f?
yXrqH;k tuJt
G jyJuawmh=1948ckeSpf (KNU)zJGjyD;r-umrSD apmpHzkd;oifOD;aqmifwJh
(KYO)tzJG (KNU)ucJGxGufjyD; (zqyv)eJyl;aygif;vkdufw,f? zqyvuay;wJh tcGifh
ta&;awGeJ@om,mae-ujyD; u&ifhckcHawmfvSefppfukdqefusif-uw,f? olwkd eJvufeufudik f
ydyuQawmh rjzpfcJhbl;?
1963 ckeSpfrSmwcg (KRC)(Karen Revolutionary Council) eJ@ (KNUP)
uJjG yefw,f? 'DtuJGtjyJrSm vufeufuikd fwu
kd fyJGawGtqifhxda&mufcJhw,f? eSpfbufxdckdufus
qHk;rSKawGrsm;pGm &SdcJhw,f? bufeSpfbufuu&ifhol&Jaumif;awGusqHk;&w,f? u&ifwrsdK;om;
vHk;twGuf-uD;rm;wJhqHk;&SHK;rSKawGjzpfw,f?
TuJo
h kdvSnpfh m;rSKjzifh&mZm"d&mZf eSifh rif;&JausmfpGmppfyJGwGif ol&Jaumif; tJrGef1&m
onf rdrdwkdwyfom;ukdyifckwfowfvSsuf rif;&JausmfpGmukdt,Ho
k Gif;I vSnyfh wfatmifjrifcJh
a-umif;awGekdifygonf? 4if;jyif yk*Hacwfuvnf; i&rmefuef;onfatmifajrukdodonfjzpfjyD;
toH;k csum vnfph m;rSK,lvsuf aqmif&GufatmifjrifcJha-umif;ukd wGif;oif;jrefrm&mZ0ifopf
pmrsufeSm (98/99)wGif atmufygtwkdif;vm&Sdygonf?
i&rmefppfcsDvma-umif;uk-d um;vSsif/ usefppfom;tm; pm;jrJaomaus;&Gmpnf;pdrfukd
eSif;I/ usefppfom;wyfzsm;/ apmvl;rif;wyfrjyKIcsdav.usefppfom;vnf;ppfcif;aumif;&mrSmrS
wku
d frnf/ qefvSmap [kwyfcsIae.?usefppfom;onfppfa&;edSKufusGrf;usifvo
S nf?cufcJ&mrS
cHrSoifrh nf[k jynfawmfomusGef;&GSHap;xlxyf&mwGif qif&kyfjyKjyD;aomfaygif;0ef;-udK;uqifI n
va&mif0kd;0g;wGif ppfa&;iifvSmonfukd rif;apmvl;um; usefppfom;pum;ukdrem,lbJ ppft*gF
usif;yjyD;vsSifojrifpGmqifawmfukdpD;I tjyif;wku
d favonf?qifawmf&SGHap;xlxyfonfeSifh ppf
-uD;ysufavonf
4if;jyif usefppfom;onfvnf; i&rmeftay:wGifvnf; rkqkd; ipOfhtm;vSnfhpm;apI
atmifekdifcJha-umif;ukd wGif;oif;jrefrm&mZ0ifopf pmrsufeSm (101)wGif atmufygtwkid f;awG@
&onf?
awmtkyfopfyif om,mpGmiSufojH rnfeSifhonfukd i&rmefvnf;rsufpdaumif;onf
qufeSifh azgifywif;0u-unfv
h sSif ipOfhav;eSifhypfIaoav.?
4if;jyif (Ogy,fav;yg;)ukd toH;k jyKa-umif;vnf;awG@&ygonf?
Oyg,f av;yg;
(u)? ab' Oyg,f?zsufqD;ekdifjcif;? (olnDnGwfrSKukduHkatmifzsufqD;jcif;)
( c)? ' Oyg,f? '%fxm;jcif;? (vufeuftiftm;/vltiftm;eSifhzdIatmifapjcif;)
( *)? Omrs Oyg,f? jidrf0yfatmifjyKjcif;? (ta&;qkdI atmifjrifjcif;)
(C)? 'ge Oyg,f? ay;urf;csD;jrifhjcif;? (ay;urf;csD;jrifh vufaqmifjzifh atmifjrifjcif;)
pOf;vJjcif; oH;k yg;
ppfwdu
k fonf[lonfum; rdrdwkd@ekdif&efomt"dujzpf&m pOf;vJaumufuspfrSKonf rw
&m;[k rqkdekdifyg? w&m;aomppf rw&m;aomppf (0g) ppf.&nf&G,fcsufom t"dujzpfjyD; ppf
atmifEkdif&eftwGufum; &efou
l kdvSnfhpm;ekdif&ef vSnphf m;&onfomjzpfygonf? pOf;vJtyf&m
aomta=umif;oH;k csufukd atmufygtwkid f;awG@&ygonf?
(u)? ZD0dw rm,m? touf.ysufpD;bG,f&meku
dSf f pOf;vJ&jcif;wyg; (ppfonftoufeSifh
&if;&onfjzpfI pOf;vJ&rnfomjzpfonf)
( c)? a,m* rm,m? ol.ppfudak tmifbG,f&mY pOf;vJ&jcif;wyg;?
( *)? r[m0dem, rm,m?owW0gwkdysufpD;bG,f&mtrSKY pOf;vJ&jcif;vnf;wyg;?
ysuf&monf ajcmufyg;
atmufygudpP&yfwkdwGif uwdysuf&monfjzpfygonf?
(u)? b, rkom? ab;a&mufbG,f&mapmtrSKekdsuf ysuf&jcif;wyg;?
( c)? ZD0dw rkom? touf.ysufpD;jcif;okda&mufrnft
h &meSkdKufvnf; ysuf&m.?
( *)? r[m0demo rkom? ysufpD;jcif;-uD;okd@a&muftHhaomt&meSdKufvnf; ysuf&m.?
(C)? Z,ywd rkom? &efolukdekdifatmif pD&ifrnft
h &meSdKufvnf; ysuf&m.?
( i)? tvd*F0pe rkom? rod&maomt&medSKufvnf; ysuf&m.?
( p)? ,\&mZ8k,S rkom? t&Sifrsm; vsdK0Suftyfaomt&meSKufvnf; ysuf&m.?
rSwfcsuf? &efoltqufqufonft-uyftwnf;awGvmwkid f;xsGufayguf&&ef txufyg
(Oyg,f av;yg;)/ (pOf;vJjcif; oH;k yg;) eSifh(ysuf&monf ajcmufyg;)wkd ukd tpOfojzifhusifhoHk;
a-umif; u&ifhawmfveS fa&; &mpkeSpfxuf0ufausmfumvrsm;u awG@-uHKcJhbl;jyD;jzpfonf?
(4)? wd AsL[m? (rdef;r rm,mppf)
olaumif;orD;/ &SKrjiD;atmif/ vsSyfppfrD;toGif/ wef;qmqifvSsuf/ &kyfoGif=uefnD/
uvsm%DvsSif/ em&DAsL[m/ wwfvrd RmI/ om,mcsdKjym;/ olaumif;om;tm;/ pum;wHk@acs/
oabmajyjzifh/ aje Nrlv/ rysuf&atmif/ csdKjroHviG f/ aoG;aqmifiifokd@/ jidKjiifxGufjyL/ &ef
zufolu/kd xkdwlodrfarG@/ waphaphvsSif/ csrf;ajrhzefzef/ twefwefwnfh/ wrefwefwm;/ vSnf
vSnfyg;I/ a=umif;vsm;oG,fiif/ &efrsdK;pifaomf/ &efyifr&Sd/ rpGef;ndonf/ wd AsL[m/ usrf;
xGufrSm.