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013J Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall 2005

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.013 Electromagnetics and Applications Quiz 1, October 20, 2005 6.013 Formula Sheet attached. Problem 1 (35 Points)

J=J z ( r ) i z = J 0

r iz R1

amperes/meter 2 z

0 < r < R1

R1 R2

A coaxial cable of very long length carries a z directed current density that varies with radial position on the inner cylinder as:

r i z amperes/meter 2 0 < r < R1 R1 A perfectly conducting outer cylinder of radius R 2 carries all the return current so that J=J z ( r ) i z = J 0
H = 0 for r > R 2 .

a) Find the H field for 0 < r < R1 . b) What are the magnitude and direction of the surface current density (amperes/meter) on the r = R 2 surface?

Problem 2 (35 Points)

V0

,
Depth d
r

R1

R2

Two flat electrodes at angle extend from radius R1 to R2 and have a depth d in the z direction (out of the paper). The electrodes enclose a lossy dielectric medium with permittivity and conductivity . There is no free volume charge within the lossy dielectric. The electric potentials on the electrodes are ( = 0 ) = 0 and ( = ) = V0 . a) The scalar electric potential is of the form ( ) = A + B . What values of A and B satisfy the boundary conditions? b) Find the electric field E(r, ) within the lossy dielectric. c) What is the free surface charge density, sf , on the electrode at = ?

d) What is the capacitance of this device? You may neglect fringing fields.

Problem 3 (30 Points)

i
Ei

Hi

An electromagnetic wave is traveling at an angle i with respect to the z axis within a medium with dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability . The magnetic field is given as:
j 2 108 t ( x+ H i = H 0 Re e
3z

iy

amperes/meter .

a) Find the frequency in Hertz. b) Find the wavelength in meters. c) Find the numerical value of the speed of light in the medium in meters/second. d) Find the angle i .

6.013 Quiz 1 Formula Sheet October 20, 2005 Cartesian Coordinates (x,y,z): = x + y + z x y z A x A y A z iA = + + x y z A y A A x A z A y A x A = x z + y z x + z x y z y
2 2 2 2 = + +
x 2 y 2 z 2
Cylindrical coordinates (r,,z): = r + 1 + z r z
r ( rA r ) 1 A A z
iA = 1 + + z r r r

r r z 1 A z A A r A z 1 ( rA ) A r = 1 det r z A = r + + z r r z r r z r A r rA A z
2 2 2 = 1 r + 1 + r r r r 2 2 z 2 Spherical coordinates (r,,): = r + 1 + 1 r r r sin

( )
(

2
1 r A r + 1 ( sin A ) + 1 A iA = r r sin r sin r2 ( sin A ) A 1 A 1 ( rA ) rA r 1 ( ) A r A = r 1 + + r sin r r r sin r r r r r sin 1 det r = 2 r sin A r rA r sin A

sin + 1 2 2 = 1 r 2 + 1 r r 2 r r 2 sin r 2 sin 2 2

Gauss Divergence Theorem: Vector Algebra: = x x + y y + z z A B = A x Bx + A y By + Az Bz
( A ) = 0

V iG dv = A Gin da
Stokes Theorem: ( G )in da =
A

C G id

( A ) = ( A ) 2 A

Basic Equations for Electromagnetics and Applications Fundamentals

f = q ( E + v o H ) [ N ]
E1// E 2 // = 0 H1// H 2 // = J s n

E = B t d c E ds = dt A
B da H = J + D t

B1 B2 = 0 D1 D 2 = s

1 2

0 = if =

c H ds = A J da + dt A
D da
D =

Electromagnetic Quasistatics

E = (r), (r) = V ' ( ( r ) 4 r ' r ) dv '

A D da = V dv

B = 0

A B da = 0
-1

2 =

- f

J = t

E = electric field (Vm )

H = magnetic field (Am-1)
D = electric displacement (Cm-2)
B = magnetic flux density (T)
Tesla (T) = Weber m-2 = 10,000 gauss
= charge density (Cm-3) J = current density (Am )
-2

C = Q/V = A/d [F] L = /I

i(t) = C dv(t)/dt
v(t) = L di(t)/dt = d/dt
we = Cv2(t)/2; wm = Li2(t)/2
Lsolenoid = N2A/W
= RC, = L/R
= B
da (per turn)

F = I o H [ Nm -1 ]

= conductivity (Siemens m-1)

J s = surface current density (Am-1)
s = surface charge density (Cm-2)
o 8.854 10-12 Fm-1
o = 4 10-7 Hm-1
c = (oo)-0.5 3 108 ms-1

Electromagnetic Waves

e = -1.60 10

-19

( 2 2

t 2 ) E = 0 [Wave Eqn.]

o 377 ohms = (o/o)0.5

( 2 2

t 2 ) E = 0 [Wave Eqn.]
j t

( 2 + k 2 ) E = 0, E = E o e
jk i r
k = ()0.5 = /c = 2/

Ey(z,t) = E+(z-ct) + E-(z+ct) = Re{E y (z)e

2 2

kx2 + ky2 + kz2 = ko2 = 2

vp = /k, vg = (k/)-1

r = i
sin t sin i = k i k t = n i n t c = sin 1 ( n t n i ) B = tan 1 ( t
i )
0.5

Hx(z,t) = o-1[E+(z-ct)-E-(z+ct)] [or(t-kz) or (t-z/c)]

A ( E H ) da + ( d dt ) V ( E 2 + H 2 ) dv = V E J dv (Poynting Theorem)
D = o E + P

Media and Boundaries

D = f , =
o E = f + p P = p , J = E B = H = o ( H + M )

for TM

> c E t = E i Te +x jk z z

k = k ' jk ''
= T 1

T TE = 2 (1 + [ i cos t t cos i ])
0.5

= o 1 p 2 , p = ( Ne 2 mo )
2

(Plasma)

T TM = 2 (1 + [ t cos t i cos i ])

eff = (1 j )

skin depth = (2/)0.5 [m]