TEXTILES

AUXILIARIES AND
CHEMICALS
WITH PROCESSES & FORMULATIONS
Copy Reserved by Sudhir Gupta, Delhi

ISBN : 978-81-86732-93-9
At present, Textile Auxiliaries and Chemicals have got
tremendous demand in India as well as in overseas countries.
Considering to this, EIRI have recently published a unique book
on this subject. The book almost covers all the Textile Auxiliaries
and Chemicals with their formulae to provide detailed knowledge.
Apart from these, we have also included many project profiles
related with the same industry which will be helpful for the new
entrepreneurs to set-up their own unit.
The book Textile Auxiliaries and Chemicals with Processes
and Formulations covers almost all the basic and advanced
details to setup own industry/unit. The new edition of the book
is covering latest technology of textile auxiliaries chemical
processes including: Classifications and Chemistry, Manufacturing
Processes of Textile Auxiliaries, Commercial Textile Auxiliaries,
Formulations of Textile Auxiliaries, Classification of Surfactants,
Details of Raw Materials, Anionic Surfactants, Cationic Surfactants,
Nonionic Surfactants, and Miscellaneous Important Compounds.
The book has been compiled for the benefit and to prove an
asset and a handy reference guide in the hands of new
entrepreneurs and well established industrialists.

Preface
Director
Nai Sarak, New Delhi (INDIA)
E-Mail: eiribooks@yahoo.com
CHAPTER 1
CLASSIFICATIONS AND
CHEMISTRY .........................1-87
Classification ............................ 1
Spinning Assistants ................. 3
Sizing Agents ............................ 3
Desizing Agents ....................... 3
Scouring and Bleaching Aids .. 3
Dyeing Assistants .................... 3
Printing Aids ............................. 3
Finishing Agents ...................... 4
Detergents and Surfactants .... 5
Inorganic Compounds ............. 5
Hydrophilic and
hydrophobic groups ................. 8
Molecular weight ...................... 8
Solubility and surface activity ... 8
Nomenclature and chemical
composition ........................ 9

Wetting and detergent

structures ............................ 9
Anionic Surfactants ................ 10
Carboxylates ........................... 10
Sulphonates ........................... 11
Alkylbenzenesulphonates ...... 11
Petroleum sulphonates ......... 12
Naphthalene-sulphonates ..... 12
Olefin sulphonates ................. 13
Sulphates ............................... 13
Alkyl sulphates (Sulphated
alcohols) ........................... 13
Sulphated natural fats
and oils ............................. 14
Sulphated alkanolamides ..... 14
Sulphated esters .................... 14
Alkyphenols, ethoxylated and
sulphated .......................... 15
Nonionic Surfactants .............. 15
Polyoxyethylene Surfactants .. 16
Ethoxylated Aliphatic Alcohols .. 18
Carboxylic Esters ................... 18
Polyethylene glycol esters ..... 19
Anhydrosorbitol ester ............. 21
Glycol esters of fatty acids ..... 22
Natural fats, oils, and waxes,
ethoxylated ........................ 22
Carboxylic Amides ................. 23
Monoalkanolamine
condensates ..................... 23
Polyoxyethylene Fatty Acid
Amides .............................. 23
Cationic Surfactants ............... 24
Polyoxyethylene alkyl and
alicyclic amines ................ 24

Contents-cum-Index
2 Alkyl 1 (hydroxyethyl) 2
imidazolines ...................... 25
N,N.N,N Tetrakis substituted
ethylenediamines ............. 25
Amines Having Amide
Linkages ........................... 26
Quaternary Ammonium Salts .. 26
Amphoteric Surfactants .......... 27
Sizing ...................................... 29
Starch ...................................... 29
Modified Starch ....................... 32
Industrial Gums ..................... 36
Gum Arabic ............................. 36
Guar gum ............................... 36
Locust bean gum ................... 37
Tamarind kernel powder........ 37
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
Sodium Salt ...................... 37
Usages ................................... 38
Sizing of Blended Yarn ........... 40
Acrylic Size .............................. 42
Desizing .................................. 42
Bleaching AND Scouring
Operation .......................... 45
Scouring of Wool .................... 46

Carbonising ............................ 46
Scouring of Silk ...................... 47
Scouring of Rayon ................. 47
Scouring of Synthetic Fibres .. 47
Mercerising ............................. 47
Dyeing ..................................... 49
Wetting agents ....................... 50
Dispersing agents ................. 50
Levelling agents ..................... 50
Sulphated Castor Oil ............. 51
Sequestering agents ............. 53
Antifoaming agents ................ 53
Carriers ................................... 53
Migration inhibitor ................... 53
Dye fixing agents .................... 53
Stripping agents ..................... 53
Thickeners .............................. 54
Wetting agents ....................... 54
Dispersing agents ................. 54
Antifoaming agents ................ 55
Oxidising and reducing agents .. 55
Carriers ................................... 55
Binders ................................... 55
After washing .......................... 55
Finishing of textiles ................ 55
Acetals .................................... 61
Epoxides and epichlorohydrin
................................. 61
Optical Brightening Agents .... 62
Pyrazoline Derivatives ............ 66
Derivatives of Naphthalimide ... 68
Softeners ................................ 68
Bis (benzoxazol 2 yl)
derivatives ......................... 76
Bis (benzimidazol 2 yl)
derivatives ......................... 76
Coumarins ............................. 76
Pyrazolins ............................... 76
Naphtalimides ........................ 76
Triazinyl pyrenes .................... 77
2 Styryl benoxazoles and
naphthoxazoles ................. 77
Nonionic softeners ................. 77
Cationic softeners .................. 78
Reactive softeners ................. 79
Emulsion softeners ............... 80
Silicone softeners .................. 80
Biopolishing ........................... 80
Stone Washing ....................... 82
Water Repellents ................... 83
Aluminium acetate ................. 84
Wax dispersions .................... 84
Pyridinium Type of
Repellents ......................... 85
Fluorochemicals .................... 86
CHAPTER 2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES OF TEXTILE
AUXILIARIES ................... 88-131
Starch ...................................... 88
Dextrin/British Gum ................ 89
Starch Hydroxy Ethyl Ether ..... 90

Methyl Cellulose ..................... 90

Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose ......... 90
Ethyl Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose ... 90
Sodium Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose ........................... 90
Gum Arabic ............................. 91
Gum Karya ............................. 92
Gum Tragacanth .................... 92
Locust Beam Gum ................. 93
Guar Gum ............................... 93
Tamarind Kernel Powder ....... 94
Turkey Red Oil ....................... 94
Sodium Lab Sulphonate ........ 95
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate ........ 95
Dibutyl Napthalene
Sulphonate ........................ 96
Ethylene Oxide Condensate of
Lauryl Alcohol .................... 96
Octadecenoyl N Methyl
Taurate (Igepon T) ............ 96
Sodium Beta Sulphoethyl
Esters of Fatty Acids ......... 97
Oleyl Chloride ......................... 97
Hydroxyethane Sodium
Sulphate ............................ 98
Sodium beta sulphothyl
ester of oleic acid ............. 98
Lauric Diethanol Amide ......... 99
Superamide .......................... 100
Sulphated Alkanolamides ... 100
Urea Formaldehyde
Precondensate ............... 101
Bismethoxy Methyl Urea ...... 101
Melamine Formaldehyde
Precondensate ............... 102
Poly Vinyl Acetate ................. 102
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ................. 103
Preparation of Octadecyl
Chloromethyl Ether ......... 104
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ........... 105
Cetyl Pyridinium Bromide
(Fabric Softener) ............. 105
Dimethyl Phenyl Benzyl
Ammonium Chloride
(Dye Discharging
Agent) .............................. 105
M Nitrobenzene Sulphonic
acid Sodium Salt (Mild
Oxidizer) ........................... 105
Stearamide Methyl
Pyridinium Chloride ........ 105
Sodium Oleyl Para Anisidine
Sulphonate ...................... 106
Polyethylene Glycol Esters .. 106
Fatty Acid Esters of
Anhydrosorbitol ............... 106
Higher Alcohol Esters of
Methacrylic Acid
(Polymerized) .................. 106
High Molecular Weight Fatty
Amide (Stearyl/Cetyl
Stearamide) .................... 106

Dioctyl Ester of Sulphosuccinic

Acid ................... 106
Optical Brightening
Agents ............................. 106
Sodium, 5,5 Dichloro 4,4
dinitrostilbene 2,2
disulphonate ................... 106
5,5 Dichloro 4,4
diaminostilbene 2,2
disulphonic acid ............. 107
Acylation of 5,5 dichloro
4,4 diaminostilbene
2,2 disulphonic acid ...... 107
Sodium 4,4 Bis
(phenylcarbamylamino)
5,5 dichlorostilbene
2,2 disulphonate ............ 108
Cyclohexylammonium 6,6
Dichloro 4,4 dinitrostibene
2,2 disulphonate .... 108
Glycerol Phthalic Anhydride
(PAN) Condensate .......... 109
o Methyl Cyclohexanol
Stearate ........................... 109
Tetrahydronaphthalene ........ 109
Polyvinyl Butyral .................... 109
Dinaphthalene Methyl
Disulphonic Acid ............. 109
Polystyrene Suspension ...... 109
THPC Thiourea
Condensation Product ... 109
Quaternary Aryl Aminoalkyl
Phosphonium Salt .......... 110
THPC Ammonia Condensation
Product ................. 111
Poly Condensation Product . 111
1,3,2 Diazaphospholidine
Compounds .................... 112
Alkyl And Aryl
Sulphonamidomethyl
Phosphonates ................ 113
Phosphorus Containing
Acrylic Monomers ............ 114
Halogenated
Polyphosphonates .......... 116
Dimethyl a, ac Bis (Diethyl
Phosphono) Adipate (D) 118
2,4,6 Tris
(Carbamoylmethylamino)
1,3,5, S Triazine .............. 118
Anionic Polyurethane Resin
Emulsion ......................... 119
Perfluoro Tertiary Alkyl
Ethers .............................. 120
Polyfluoroalkyl Hydroxypropyl
Phosphates..................... 122
Hybrid Tetracopolymers
Based on Fluoroacrylates
.......................... 123
Vinyl Ether Reactive
Organopolysiloxane
Addition Products ............ 124

Alkylene Oxide Modified

Aminoplast
Compounds .................... 125
Fatty, Methylolated
Polyoxyalkylene
Carbamates .................... 128
Polyethylene Glycol
Modified Triazine
Compounds .................... 129
Diester amine Adducts ........ 130
CHAPTER 3
COMMERCIAL TEXTILE
AUXILIARIES ................. 132-163
Foreign ................................. 132
Shirlan .................................. 132
Mercerol ................................ 132
Reference ............................. 132
Teepol ................................... 133
Amoa Solo-Prufe .................. 134
Metabol O ............................. 134
Mitin FF ................................. 135
Aquasols .............................. 136
References ........................... 136
Aerosol OT ........................... 136
Formerly ALPHASOLS ......... 136
Ammonyx BC ........................ 137
Cation active alkyldimethylbenzylammonium
chloride. ........................... 137
Lissolamine A and V ........... 137
Nervanase and Gelatase .... 138
Tergitols 08, 4 and 7 ............ 139
Avi-Meral L24 ........................ 140
Velan PF ............................... 140
Nilo (Various Brands) .......... 141
Celanol A .............................. 142
Nonic 218 ............................. 142
Resloom M-75 and HP ........ 143
Lenka .................................... 144
Rhonite 609 (and Various
Brands) ........................... 144
Lubrol Mo .............................. 145
Gardinol WS and CS Paste 146
Glydote A .............................. 147
Igepal (Various Brands) ....... 147
Lissapol C (Paste and
Powder) ........................... 148
Lissatan AC .......................... 148
Textol Wax ............................. 148
Formaset (Various Brands) . 149
Norane R .............................. 149
Igepon T Powder, T Gel, TFS
Conc. ............................... 150
Triton NE and N 100 ............ 150
Rhozyme PF ......................... 151
Triton K 60 ............................ 151
Triton 770 Conc. and X-301 151
Rhozyme BB and C ............. 152
Calatac MMN and MMP ........ 152
Calatac VA ............................ 153
Igepon AP Extra Conc. ......... 153
Lanoc CN ............................. 154
Alkylene B and IP ................. 154

Zelan AP Paste .................... 155

Aridex L Conc. and Aridex
WP Water Repellents ..... 156
Resist Salt L ........................ 157
Merid T .................................. 158
Glycol Fatty Acid Esters
(Including Diglycol
Oleate S, Diglycol
Stearate S, S147, S151,
S152, S137, S1003, and
Aldo 25) ........................... 158
Doittau 32 Huile
Universol R ..................... 160
Perminal BX, WA & EML ...... 161
Lissapol LS paste and
powder ............................ 161
Leucaphor O ........................ 162
Cellofas C ............................ 163
CHAPTER 4
FORMULATIONS OF
TEXTILE AUXILIARIES .. 164-203
Scour Formulations ............. 164
Solvent Formulations ........... 165
Activated Bleach ................... 165
Starch Size ........................... 168
Starch Sizing ........................ 169
Durable Finish for Cotton
& Rayon........................... 169
Wash and Wear Cotton
Finish .............................. 169
Crease Resistant Finish for
Cotton .............................. 169
Crease Resistant Rayon
Finish .............................. 170
Rainproofing Polyester
Cotton Finish .................. 170
Flame Proof Crease
Resistant Finish ............. 170
Flame Proof, Softening And
Anticrease Finish ............ 171
Flame Proof Finish (Cotton) 172
Crush Resistant Finish ....... 172
Textile Softener & Water
Repellent ......................... 173
Textile Bleach ....................... 173
Textile Size ............................ 174
Textile Warp Sizing ............... 174
Waterproofing Finish ............ 175
Textile Sizings ....................... 176
Crease Proofing Cellulose
Acetate ............................. 178
Crease Resisting Viscose
Crepe .............................. 178
Fabric Sizing (Aerosol) ......... 178
Textile Fabric Finish
(Anti-crease Waterproof) ... 179
Vat Colour Printing Paste .... 180
Textile Delusterant ............... 180
Textile Softener ..................... 180
Kapok Softener ..................... 181
Nylon Yarn Coning Oil ......... 181
Textile Printing Paste

Thickener ........................ 181

Semistiff Collar ..................... 182
Flameproof, Waterproof And
Mildewproof Coating For
Textiles Pigment
Composition ................... 182
Printing Paste ....................... 183
Textile Dullers (Delusterants)
for Hosiery ............. 183
Textile Softening Cream ...... 184
Textile Scouring Agents ....... 185
Textile Printing Paste ........... 185
Silk Printing Discharge ........ 185
Textile Printing Resist .......... 186
Stripping Dye From Wool .... 186
Stripping Dyed Cotton .......... 186
Flameproof, Waterproof and
Mildwproof Textile
Coating ............................ 187
Waterproofing Agent ............ 187
Aniline Black Printing paste 188
Vat Printing Colour ............... 188
Textile Printing Pastes ......... 189
Textile Waterproofing ............ 189
Delusterant For Textiles ....... 190
Cotton Filling Compositions 190
Sizing Rayon And Silk .......... 191
Tallow Emulsion For Textile
Softing ............................. 191
Lubrications For Synthetic
Textile Fibres ................... 192
Thread And Yarn Lubricant .. 192
Hoechst Composition of
Printing Paste ................. 192
Blotch Printing Formulation . 195
Vat Printing Paste ................. 196
Manufacture of Soromins ... 196
Soromin WF ......................... 197
Soromin F .......................... 197
Soromin DM ....................... 198
Waterproofing Agent ............ 198
Antistatic Agents ................... 198
Synthetic Textile Fibre
Lubricant ......................... 199
Rayon Lubricants ................. 200
Cotton Spraying Oil .............. 200
Textile Softeners ................... 200
CHAPTER 5
CLASSIFICATION OF
SURFACTANTS ........ 204-228
Surface Active Agents .......... 206
Amphoteric surfactants ........ 207
Anionic Surfactants .............. 212
Sulphated vegetable oils ..... 212
Sulphated fatty acid esters .. 212
Sulphated esters of low
molecular weight
aliphatic acids ................. 212
Fatty acid esters of
sulphonated alcohols ..... 212
Sulphonated substituted
fatty acid amides ............ 212

Alkyl aryl sulphonates .......... 213

Aliphatic alcohol sulphates . 213
Secondary alcohol
sulphates ........................ 213
Sulphated alkyl phenolethylene
oxide
condensates ................... 214
Phosphate esters ................ 214
Cationic Surfactants ............. 214
Fatty acid amides and
their derivatives ............... 214
Quaternary ammonium
salts ................................. 214
Fatty amine salts: ................. 215
Pyridinium and substituted
pyridinium salts .............. 215
Cyclic (imidazolinium)
derivatives ....................... 216
Alkylol amide salts ............... 216
Dicyandiamideformaldehyde condensate.... 216
Nonionic surfactants ............ 217
Alkyl phenol condensates ... 217
Fatty alcohol condensates ... 218
Fatty acid condensates ........ 218
Fatty amine condensates .... 218
Fatty amide condensates .... 218
Non-Surface Active
Compounds .................... 219
Non-surface active agent
formulations containing
small amounts of
surface active agents ..... 219
Spinning assistants ............. 220
Sizing agents ........................ 220
Desizing agents ................... 220
Scouring & bleaching aids .. 220
Dyeing assistants ................ 220
Printing aids ......................... 221
Finishing agents .................. 221
Hybrid Surfactants ................ 221
Surfactants ........................... 222
Hybrid surfactants ................ 223
Nonionic-anionic hybrids ..... 225
Nonionic-cationic hybrids .... 227
Cationic-nonionic-anionic
hybrids ............................. 227
CHAPTER 6
DETAILS OF RAW
MATERIALS ............. 229-258
Fatty Acids ............................ 229
Aliphatic hydroxy
compounds and their
derivatives ....................... 232
Octyl alcohol ......................... 232
Lauryl alcohol ....................... 233
Cetyl alcohol ......................... 233
Oleyl alcohol ......................... 233
Ethylene glycol ..................... 233
Diethylene glycol .................. 234
Thiodiethylene glycol ............ 235
Glycerine (Glycerol) .............. 235

Diethanolamine .................... 236

Triethanolamine ................... 237
Hydrocarbons ....................... 237
Diphenyl ................................ 237
Dodecyl benzene, DDB ........ 238
Paraffin wax .......................... 238
Polyethylene (low molecular
weight) ............................. 238
Phenolic compounds ........... 239
Phenol .................................. 239
Human toxicity ...................... 239
Cresols ................................. 240
Human toxicity ...................... 240
Nonyl phenol ........................ 240
o-Phenyl phenol ................... 241
p-Phenyl Phenol ................... 241
Aromatic chloro compounds 242
o-Dichlorobenzene (ODCB) . 242
Trichlorobenzene .................. 242
Pentachlorophenol ............... 243
Sodium salt .......................... 243
Human toxicity ...................... 243
Sulphonic acids ................... 244
Sulphanilic acid .................... 244
-Naphthalene sulphonic
acid .................................. 244
Aldehyde ............................... 245
Formaldehyde ...................... 245
Glyoxal .................................. 245
Acids and their derivatives ... 246
Acetic acid ............................ 246
Citric acid .............................. 247
Acrylic acid ............................ 247
Maleic anhydride .................. 248
Methyl acrylate ...................... 248
Ethyl acrylate ........................ 249
Butyl acrylate ........................ 249
Acrylamide ............................ 249
Stearamide ........................... 250
Amines and proteins ........... 250
Aniline ................................... 250
Human toxicity ...................... 251
Casein .................................. 251
Glue ...................................... 252
Animal & vegetable waxes .. 253
Starch .................................... 253
Dextrins/British gums .......... 254
Guar gum ............................. 254
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 ...... 255
Chloroform CHCl3 .......................... 255
Dicyandiamide ..................... 256
Ethylene oxide ...................... 256
Ethylene diamine ................. 257
Nitrobenzene ........................ 257
Urea ...................................... 258
CHAPTER 7
ANIONIC
SURFACTANTS ............. 259-308
Soap ..................................... 259
Turkey Red Oil (TRO) .......... 262
Sulphated derivatives of
fatty acid esters of

monovalent alcohols ...... 266

Sizing softeners ................... 267
Fatty alcohol sulphates ........ 269
History ................................... 269
Fatty alcohols ....................... 271
Suphation of alcohols .......... 272
Choice of sulphation
processes and of
sulphating agents ........... 272
Batch process ...................... 273
Process of continuous
sulphation ....................... 274
Precautions to be taken
during processing .......... 275
Neutralisation ....................... 275
Raw material storage .......... 276
Recovery of alcohols ............ 277
Sulphation of unsaturated
alcohols ........................... 277
Formation of sulphated
alcohols from olefines ... 277
Mercerizing wetting agents .. 279
Synthesis of 2-ethyl hexyl
sulphate .......................... 282
Synthesis of n-butyl
sulphate .......................... 283
Alkyl naphthalene
sulphonates .................... 283
Fatty acid ester and amide
sulphonates .................... 284
Dodecyl benzene
sulphonate ...................... 285
Dodecyl benzene
sulphonate (Na) .............. 287
Sulphonation ........................ 288
Spend acid separation ........ 288
Neutralisation ....................... 289
Bleaching .............................. 289
Batch sulphonation with
20% oleum ..................... 289
Sulphonation with sulphuric
acid-oleum mixture ......... 290
Commercial anionic
detergents ....................... 291
Dialkyl sulphosuccinate ....... 293
Nylon dyeing assistants ...... 298
Sulphated ethers .................. 304
Alkyl sulphonates ................. 305
Phosphate esters and alkyl
phosphates ..................... 306
CHAPTER 8
CATIONIC
SURFACTANTS ............. 309-339
Quaternary ammonium
salts ................................. 309
Quaternary ammonium
compound with two
quarternary atoms .......... 312
Softeners .............................. 315
Origin of cationic softeners . 316
Interesting advantages ........ 316
Hydrophilicity and

hydrophobicity ................. 318

Chemistry of cationic
softeners ......................... 319
Mode of action ...................... 321
Advantages ........................... 322
Disadvantages ..................... 323
Application ............................ 323
Some products ..................... 323
Zwitterion .............................. 326
Dyeing assistants ................ 328
Germicides ........................... 329
Product of the general
formula ............................ 329
Water-repellent finishes ...... 332
CHAPTER 9
NONIONIC
SURFACTANTS ............. 340-365
Vat levelling agents .............. 349
Azoic fastness improvers .... 350
Fatty acid-ethylene oxide
condensates ................... 351
Synthesis and properties .... 355
CHAPTER 10
MISCELLANEOUS
IMPORTANT
COMPOUNDS ............... 366-414
Silicones ............................... 366
Chain extension of low
molecular weight polyorgano
siloxanes ............ 372
Reaction with cellulosic
hydroxyl under acidic
conditions ........................ 373
Reaction with alkaline
solutions ......................... 373
Reaction with cellulose
under mildly alkaline
solutions ......................... 373
Self-crosslinking reaction .... 374
Chemically modified
polyorgano-siloxanes ..... 374
Application of silicone
emulsions ....................... 377
Carriers ................................. 382
Polyvinyl acetate emulsion .. 387
Manufacture of polyvinyl
acetate dispersion .......... 387
Polyvinyl alcohol ................... 388
Formic acid ........................... 388
Vinyl acetate ......................... 389
Material of construction ........ 389
Temperature control ............. 389
Agitation ................................ 389
Cleaning of the kettle ........... 389
Identification of polyvinyl
alcohol ............................. 396
Polyvinyl alcohol in sizing .... 396
Wax emulsions .................... 397
Carbohydrates ...................... 401
Methyl cellulose .................... 403
Guar gum ............................. 406
Printing thickeners ............... 406

Solution aids ........................ 412

CHAPTER 11
DETERGENT PASTE
(TEXTILE GRADE) ......... 415-417
CHAPTER 12
DISPERSANT FOR
TEXTILES ...................... 418-422
CHAPTER 13
LEVELLING AND
DISPERSING AGENT ..... 423-427
CHAPTER 14
NON-IONIC
SURFACTANTS
WETTING AGENTS ....... 428-430
CHAPTER 15
PIGMENT EMULSION
FOR TEXTILES .............. 431-433
CHAPTER 16
PIGMENTS BINDERS
FOR TEXTILE
PRINTING ...................... 434-438
CHAPTER 17
POLY VINYL ACETATE
EMULSION .................... 439-442
CHAPTER 18
ROSIN SIZING AGENT.... 443-446
CHAPTER 19
SILICONE EMULSION ... 447-449
CHAPTER 20
SILK SIZING LIQUID
(WATER SOLUBLE) ...... 450-453
CHAPTER 21
SOFTENERS (CATIONIC,
AN-IONIC AND
NON-IONIC) ................... 454-458
CHAPTER 22
TEXTILE AND FINISHING
AGENTS ................. 459-465
CHAPTER 23
TEXTILE
AUXILLIARIES ............... 466-474
CHAPTER 24
TEXTILE
CHEMICALS .................. 475-481
CHAPTER 25
TEXTILE PRINTING
PASTE ........................... 482-484