Definition

1. Infiltration
Infiltration occurs when an IV fluid or medication accidentally enters the surrounding tissue rather than the vein. When an IV needle becomes dislodged from the vein, fluid flows into interstitial tissue, causing swelling. The deposition of a solution directly into tissue.

2. Phlebitis
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein. The inflammation is accompanied by formation of a clot which includes the blow flow through the vein. Phlebitis can occurs as a result of injury to a vein, that because of mechanical trauma or chemical irritation. Chemical injury to a vein can occur from intravenous electrolytes and medications.

3. Extravasation
If the infiltration involves a vesicant drug example chemo, it is call extravasation and other measures may be indicated. Extravasation vesicant drugs can cause severe tissues injury or destruction. The extravasation of a vesicant drug should be considered an emergency.

The different of infiltration, extravasation and phlebitis

Infiltration
Manifested by localized swelling, coolness, pallor and discomfort at the IV site. Restart the infusion at another site. Apply a warm compress to the site of the infiltration

Extravasation
The extravasation of a vesicant drug should be considered on emergency. Disconnect the tubing as close as possible as attempt to aspirate any drug remaining in the hub. If an injectable antidote is available, the catheter should remain in place.

Phlebitis
Phlebitis can cause redness, warmth and swelling at the intravenous site and burning pain along the cause of a vein. If phlebitis is detected, discontinue the infusion and apply warm compress to the venipuncture site. Do not use this injured vein for further infusions.

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