1

f(x1,x2,x3,..,xn) f ( x )

x , f ( x )
( ).

f ( x ) x ,

x f ( x ) > f ( x )

, f ( x ) < f ( x ) .

. f ( x )

, x
.
.
,
.
:

1) f ( x ) ;
2) [a1;b1], [a2;b2],..,[an;bn] ,
,
x1( 0)

( 0)
x
x ( 0) = 2 ;
.....
x ( 0)
n
3) .

.
,
.

, .

.

f ( x ) = x12 + x 22 ,

.

x1 ,
x1 x2.

x2
.
.
. ,
.

.
y1 = x12 + x 22 = 1 y 2 = x12 + x 22 = 2
y3 = x12 + x 22 = 3
f(x1,x2)

x1 = 1 x 22

x1 = 2 x 22

x1 = 3 x 22

R1=1=1

R2=2=1.4 R3=3=1.73

x2

x1

:
1)

2)

.
1
0

, . e 1 =
.

0
0
0
1
0

f f
f
e 2 = .. e n = grad(f ( x )) =
e 1+
e 2 + ......... +
en
.
.
x1
x 2
x n


0
1
f

f 1 f 0 x1

grad(f ( x )) =
+
=
x1 0 x 2 1 f
x
2
:
1)

.
2)

, ..
.
,
.
:

1
f ( x ) = x12 + x 22 . x =
2
f

x 2 x 2
grad(f ( x )) = 1 = 1 =
f 2 x 2 4
x 2

1. n f ( x ) . ,
(0)

h x
.
2.

( 0)

x = x

FX= f ( x )

f
x
1
f

f
3. G = = x 2
x ...
f

x n

V =

|| G ||

4. z = x h V

z FZ= f ( z )
5. FZ < FX. ,

z , x = z , FX=FZ 3.
6. , h < , ,

x FX.
7. , h=h/3
3.

( 0)

x , h,
x=x

G=

(0)

f ( x)

; FX = f ( x )

f
1
;V=
G
x
G

z = x h V; FZ = f (z)

h:=h/3

FZ<FX

x; FX

x = z; FX = FZ

n-
n+1 .
n=2

n=3

(n=2)

1. f( x ) ,
h

x , eps

2.

0
1
0
2
0 h
3
x =x
x =x
x = x0 +
0
h

3. F1 = f ( x ) F2 = f ( x ) F3 = f ( x )
4. F

5. .

.

= 0.5 * ( x

+x

) V=x x

=x

+ 2 V ,

= f (x

6. F < F ,

7. h<eps

, x ,

h=h/3 2.

8. .
.
:

2.5
f(x1,x2)=15-4*x1-13*x2+x1 +3*x2 +x1*x2 , h=1, eps=0.2, x =
0
x2
f(x1,x2)
h

x1
1
2.5
0.0
11.25
1
.1,2,3 .1

2
1.5
0.0
11.25
3
2.5
1.0
3.75
4
1.5
1.0
2.75
2,3,4 .2

5
2.5
2.0
2.25
3,4,5 .3

6
1.5
2.0
0.25
4,5,6 .4

7
2.5
3
6.75
1>0.4 h=h/3 = 0.33
1
1.5
2.0
0.25
0.3 .1,2,3, .3
3

2
1.17 2.0
0.0289
3
1.5
2.33 0.742
4
1.17 1.67 0.299
1,2,4 . 4
1
1.17 2.0
0.0289 0.1 .1,2,3 . 3
1

2
1.06 2.0
0.0036
3
1.17 2.11 0.0839
4
1.17 1.67 0.2995
0.11<0.2 . 2
2