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Intravenous Therapy – the administration / introduction of fluids directly into the vein
a. Maintain & replace body stores of water, electrolytes, vitamins, proteins, fate & calories
when patient or client cannot maintain an adequate intake by mouth
b. Restore acid-base balance
c. Restore volume of blood components
d. Provide avenue for the administration of medication
e. Provide nutrition while resting the GI Tract
Equipment Needed:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Functions of Fluid:
Kinds of IV Solutions:
1. Isotonic solution – has the same osmolarity as serum and other body fluids, hence, it
stays where it is infused (intravascular space). It expands this
compartment without pulling the fluid from other compartments
(intracellular & interstitial). Example: LR, NSS (0.9 NS). Indication:
Blood loss or hypovolemia
2. Hypertonic solution – osmolarity is higher than the serum. When infused, it initially
increases osmolarity causing the fluid to be pulled from the interstitial
& intracellular compartments into the blood vessel (intravascular
space). Example: D50.5NS, D5LR, D5NS. Indication: Regulate urine
output; stabilize blood pressure; reduce risk of edema; Post-op
Patients
3. Hypotonic solution – osmolarity is lower than the serum. When infused, fluid shifts out of
the blood vessels (intravascular space) into the cells while reducing
the fluid in circulatory system. Example: D0.45NS; 0.33NS; Dextrose
2.5% in Water. Indications: Dehydration; DKA; HHNK
- Hypertonic
- Isotonic
Parts of IV Tubing:
a. Piercing spike
b. Drop orifice
c. Drip chamber
d. Roller clamp
e. Y-injection site / port – direct injection to the blood vessel
f. Luer-Lock site
Volume Control Set – patients at risk with circulatory overload (e.g. infants)
- controls the volume of solution that goes through / the amount of medication you
give to the patient
Location:
Adult
- Frontal
- Superficial temporal
- Occipital
Children
Infant
- Frontal
- Superficial Temporal
- Occipital
a. Some clamps may slip & loosen resulting in rapid or “runaway” infusion
b. Plastic tubing may distort causing “creep” or “cold flow”
c. Marked stretching of tubing may cause distortion of tubing & render clamp
ineffective (may occur when patient turns over & pull on the short tubing).
9. Manipulation of the clamp by the patient or significant others
- plaster
- bandage scissors
- waste receptacle