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|uT \T ss TT+#THsTT. m$T~
<X\ T> O+&&+ <s es{
neX\qT $d+ #dTe&+, |]$T
yTq | eqsT\qT d~j>+ #dT
e&+, Xg k+ |]CH |#T
e&+ k< |s# T e#T.
nu @sT $$< sD\
$Xwy T q ~> eTq+ #| e#T. nuqT
@sT #dT q <X\T y$ < yTq sjT
<< * O+&&y T n+<T
yTT<{ $Xw+. +<T u$j,
Lu, yE <X\ |uT\T eTT
kw*dT eed sD T& OHeT
$dw+> |{+#sTT. nsTTq|{
eT&T <X\ b+rjT dV s n_e~
k~+#< nu |+<+ u>k
eTT\T njsTT. nu |+<+
$T*q <X\T` &sY, s>Ty,
dsTT+{ $H+{, j+{>T y n+& usT
&, &=$T` |T&< |+<qT m+#T
, |T&< |j H\qT eTT+<T
rdTbe& T& OH | eT&T
kw*dT <X\ $T*q <X\ T{ sTT.
e] dT
n\u <X\ |C yD |+<+

s+&e ||+# jTT<+ sTy sb <X\T
eT eT <X ]e ed\ qT $<o | T&T\ us
sy \ nyT] qT+& reyTq & >Tsj sTT.
H|<+H j <X\T sb #*+|\
d+|T+ (jTs|jTH |yT+{ jTjTH)qT
@sT #dT HsTT. nu |+< <X\T >+
qT+& kqTL\ >TDbs\T rdTy*.
|T&< $<H m+#Tq

|uT\T L& reyTq &<T&T\
qsTTq d+<s + O<VsD 1930
@s&q eTVe+<+ d+<s + >,
1940\ #T #dTq s+&e ||+#
jTT< d+<s+>`|uT ej
$|+> |+#XsTT. |T&<
eed >TD\H _qeTsTTq` +
ny< |uT\T nqTd]+# $<H\T
ne\+_+#sTT. Ob~ *+#+<T
$Xw+> w #XsTT.
n> s+&e ||+# jTT<+ sT
y sb <X\T eT eT <X ]e
ed\ qT $<o |T&T\ us sy \
nyT] qT+& reyTq & >Tsj sTT.
H|<+H j <X\T sb
#*+ |\ d+|T + (jTs|jT H |yT+{
jTjTH)qT @sT #dTHsTT.
nu |+< <X\T >+ qT+&
kqTL\ >TDbs\T rdTy*.
sb #*+|\ d+|T+
$se| H|<+
H&T rjT ||+# <X\T m+{
dyqT m<Ts=+THj, d+w
#] sD\ sb <X\T L&
s+&e ||+# jTT<+ sTy n+{
dyH m<Ts=HsTT. nyT]H |uT
eT, ybs XwesZ\ *d d#
yD+, d# <e $<H\ ks+
# n+srjT ]eedqT
b<T=\ & rdTe#sTT. sb
<X\ = deTd\T |{sTT.
n|{ jTT<+ e\ sb <X\
]eed\T u> \Vq|& OHsTT.
m>TeTT\ keTs+H |~+\ ~>T
eT neds\ \& \ T OHsTT.
H|<+ nyT] & yTs ybs
yDC\qT ds ]d u yD TqT
\Ty* edT+~. e+ $<o

s =s, s+&| ~>TeT ned
s\d+ u $<o s KsT #j *
sy*e# n&s+{ |]dT
nys+> b<T| #s\T #|{*
edT+~. b<T| #s\ e\ O
Ob~ neX\T s+& ~>CsTsTT.
n+srjT ]eed u>k
eTT\T y\ s+s+ & >Tse
Tq rjT ||+ # <X\ nqTue +
=><T, y[~ <T. nsTT rjT
||+#<X\ e~]> jTs|t <X\T
\VqyTq $ e. n{ $T+ nyT]
$<q s\ #]+ n+ +
ydT\TuT sf X Oq <X.
n> |T&< eed eTqT>&
d+ sb <X\T L& eedH
$T& O+&&+ , =qk>&+ \yT q ne
ds+ L&. n+<T sb nqTd]+#
ujT ] $<H\ e\ sjT
|+|q\qT L& nyT] b\\T
<w |Ty*q neds+, n>+
O+~. sb <X b\\T ds sD
$<H\qT \T b<T| #s\T
#|& nys+> sb ]esZ+
qT+& re ||TqqT m<Tsy*
edT+~. bs{\T, |{ sbqT
>DjT+> |u$+ #dTq eTdT
X\qT eT]+ |+ #kjTH
ujT+ nT nyT]H key<,
T sb b\esZ\L O+~.
nB>+& sb <X b{
u jT+D\T neT OHsTT.
nyT] & s~+#\ ssTT+#T
+f n+<T q k<q d+|
<X\ n+<TuT O+~. nyT]qT
1930e <X+ eTVe+<+ e]+
q sE\H sb <X\T ~>TeTT\
MT< |]eD +\ T $~+# #{\T

#dTHsTT. O<VsD 1937 H{
s, <X\ ~>TeTT\MT<
|P]>, bH, ds+&, dj\
d>+ e+Tq u*j
T +, H<s +& <X\
bee+Tq |]eD +\T OH
sTT. s +&e ||+ #jT T<+ yTT<\T e+
H jT+D\T eT]+ ]qs+
njsTT. s e]& <<| +<T
nsTT+~.
|]dT yD sVD
 <<| 200 |+<\T
<TsTHsTT. <<| 60 X+ sb
<X\ yD+ |++
nsTT+~.
sb <X\T VQ <e ||+#
|T&< eedqT @H& es+#
<T. m+<T+f >+ +{ VQ
<e eed e\ n$ n+ nqTL\
\_b+<sTT. y Oq |]d T VQ
<e ||+# |T&< eedqT s>
<&&+ , |q]]+#Te&+ eT n+
jT <y qq< <X\ d+<V eT,
ujTeTqT. ]eedqT >& |T
e{ jT+D\qT O|j >|T +f
ybs $Xd+ (_Hdt &H ) m&
<bT+<, |T&< n+X\qT,
d++<\qT |Ck$T]+#\H yeT
| X \ &e+&T m& \|&b T+<
n sb <X\ b\esZ +
O+&H O+~.
|+> #b\+f sb <X\
b\esZ\ nyT] b{ Te
&, sD d+ qq ePV+ nedse T
sTT+~. VQ| |T&< eed
bZH+ <T Oq n&+ \qT n~>$ T+#
& k<q+ y*e+~. nyT
]H key<+ L& djT sD\T,
|j H\ n+{ ePV eT< T
e& d<|&+~.
sb #*+|\ d+|T+ (.|.jTT)
sb ] dVs d+d (..
.d)> @s&q sb <X\T 1940e
<X+ e] b<+ yD dssD,
n+s sb s e]& dV
es bH y<eTT< yXsTT. nsTT
|]$T neX\ e\ |*\ |]
20
e] dT
$T+>H O+&&+ nyT]H dssT
HsT > s+>+ ~+~. 1949 nsY
nyT]H f $u>+ nu+s\qT
VA+eT+XK | q |{q H|< +
es bH &ssY> Oq b V|teTH
z...d. <X\ @ sb es{
|\T|#&T. eTs s+&T H\\ sTy
n dVjT&T +<T d++~+q
s#sD |D[qT jT|{&T.
sb #*+|\ d+|T+ @sT
|D[jT |H~> *+~. m\
1950 p 7q z...d. <X\T sb
#*+|\ d+|T+ @sT d+
|+<+ MT< d+\T #XsTT.
B e\ n|{< neT\T Oq
]w
jT+D\ L&q VQ| #*+ |\
$<q+ neT\T e+~. yD+ MT<
m|{>H jT+D\T =qk>sTT.
nsTT ...d. <X\ n+^s+
nsTT $<o es<e+, <e \\
d++<+ +& jT<#> yD+
sT|H+<T neX\T @s&sTT.
m>+f, O<VsD >+ @ &#Y
~>TeT<sT& s {sqT ~>TeT
#dT y\qT+f ~>TeTT\ ej
d]|& sH <e+ (esY\T) &#Y
d+ u+ \ O+f eyT
~>TeTT\T k<|&$. s+> $<o
< e # * + | \T ] e y T
~>TeT`m>TeT y<M #T #dT
H~. nsTT sb #*+|\ d+|T+
@sT #dT H &#Y d+ u+
{s ~>TeTT\ nedsyTq sH
esY\T \ b sTTH OqT> u$+
&#Y u+ U KsTsd, sH
d+u+ U eTsd ~>TeT
T\ y<M sT|e&+ k<eT
sTT+~. n+f e\+ T m+{\ <s
m>TeT`~>TeTT\T k<|&sTT.
yTT+ y<M\ H ]>$.
H\ esT y<M\T +|
#d @ <X+ @ <X m+ $<o es
<e+ #*+ #*, @ <X @ <X+ qT+&
m+ sy* nH~ ysT. sb
#*+|\ d+| |HH @C+T>
|#d u+ |t +swq d{ +{
eT\qT d]#d dt (sb
s) jT e] me]+
21
n\u <X\ |C yD |+<+
|+> #b\+f sb <X\ b\esZ\

nyT] b{ Te&, sDd+ qq
ePV+ nedseTsTT+~. VQ| |T&< eed
bZH+<T Oq n&+\qT n~>$T+#&
k<q+ y*e+~. nyT]H key<+ L&
djT sD\T, |jH\ n+{ ePV
eT<T e& d<|&+~.
n\u <X\ OeT& s dT
sy dsTuT #d~. m>TeTT\T`

~>TeTT\ U HKsT s +&T U
\ d] d] #dTy* se&+ e\ @
<XsTT T O+< yTs n|>
#~. # n| L& |]$T
& O+&~. jT <X\ yD
yTT+ 15 X+ n| &
U dsTuT #d~ u+ |t
+swq d{ +{.
@<H sTD>d <X+ sb #*+ |\
d+| 20 X+ H me sTT
|& O+f 20 X $T+q sTT
nyT]H &\s (< +>s+ s|+
) #*+#*.
nsTT yD $T>T\T *q <X\~
+ _qyTq |]d. H\d] yD
$T>T\T 20 X+ H me> O+f
yTT sb #*+ |\ d+| d+|P
s+ > eT #j *. 20 X+ sT >T>,
$T>T\T> {> |]>Dk sT { 20
X $T+q $T>T\T yDU
>qT d>+ &\s s|+ eT #ksT.
$T>T\T yD U Oq <X\ d++
~+ #*+ |\T m #j \H~ yTH+>
usT m|{|&T sj\T rdTH
y\TdTuT O+~.
.|.jTT. yTH+> usT sb #*+
|\ d+|T+ sVD @sT #dTq
yTH+> usT $wjTyT nyT], sb
] dV s eT+&* <X\ eT< reyTq
$u<\T sTT. usTqT sb
jTs <X\ |~ \ u<\T
n|#| q&|+#\H~ nyT] y<q.
du <X\T nqTd]+# ] $<H\T s
e]&`yD dssD $<H\
u+ >+ *+# +& #dTe& d
X \ u<\T O+&\H |]
|>Z\T qT #+#Ty\ #d+~.
sb <X\T B re+> es+
#sTT. e] sb <X\ ef HZ+~.
yTH+> usT e\+ $$<jT\qT
dbsT #d d+d> eyT O+&\,
dbsT\T neT\T y\+f du<X\
eT< @_bjT+ neds+ n rs+
#sTT.
n> yTH+> usT b
<+ >T]+ L& |qT>T k+~.
n+srjT <e~ d+d (.m+.m|t)
~ qT+& bC q T esd e+~.
b+rjTy<+ m& \|&bT+<
nH~ < ujT+. .m+.m|t. |e+#
||+ NsD , yD, ds sD \ +{
b+rjT ] dVseT+& #T<T
sT> \TksTT. n> .|.jTT. yTH+>
usT .m+.m|t. d+k> XTe>
esTT+<y nH uj
T + |T +~. n+<T
yTH+> usT qL b<+
y\ yT* |{+ ~. sb <X\T
|b<qqT es+#sTT. eT e
H+Z #THsTT. nsTT 1953 d |T
d&* + .m+.m|.t |~ .|.jTT. yTH
+> usT deyX\ |]o\& VA<
VsTy& n+^]+#sTT.
n\u <X\ |C yD |+<+

sb <X\T djT |jH\ sD d+ +>
nyT] key< |jH\ m<TsT \&>\eH
ydy |]De\ *jTCdTHsTT. nsTT eTq+
>eT+#*+~ @++f n&T>TC]bTq ||+# |T
&< ] eedqT \uT H+<TL, |q]]+#T
H+<TL nyT]H ke y<T\ sb <X\ |uT
\T uwsT> $TKsTT |#jT& d<|&sTT.
n+<T sb <X\ + \ nyT] Z+~.
|]De\ eTq @+ *jT

#dT H jT+f`sb <X\T djT |j
H\ |]sDd+ +> nyT]
key< |j H\ m<TsT \&
>\eH ydy |{ dTHsTT. nsTT
eTq+ eTTK+> >eT+#*+~ @++f
n&T>TC]bTq ||+# |T&<
] eedqT \uTH+<TL, |q]
]+#TH+<TL nyT]H key<T
\ sb <X\ |uT\T uwsT>
$TKsTT |#jT& d<|&sTT.
n+<T sb <X\ +\ nyT]
Z+~.
sb #*+|\ d+|T+ ||&
eT+> sb K+&<X \T \<=
n_e~u |&sTT. <s
.|.jTT. yTH+> usT | HeT
e+> $T>T\TT+< =\T n+#H
yXsT. nsTT #sD n+#H\T
\+<T\jsTT. $<o yD U
re ndeq\T #T #dT ]
eeVs\ d+u\T sTT. M{
.|.jTT. q k<sD sb\ <s
n<T| |>*> |]d +&b
sTT+~. <+ .|.jTT. yTH+> usT,
sb <X\ ] dVs eT+&* *d
OeT&> d+u |]cs esZ\T
y ||&sTT.
sb <X\ |uT\T |jTT
@sTqT nysyTq ~> u$+q|{
B eT<+s @sT>H |]>D+
#sTT. <+< yK] Xs|&*q
|<T. m+<T+f _H q |Ps
buy d+b~+#Ty\, _{wt s
b+& q T eT n+ s r j T s >
\uTy\H #q e+~. u*j
T +,
ds+&, H<s +&, s <X\T yD
d e Td \T n~ > $ T+q H | < +
|{< |jTT sTD>d <X\T>

=qkq+<Tq @<$<+> |jTTqT
#|#Tfd eT+<H #q e#sTT.
1955 H{ <X\T zd
eT e H+Z #T>*>sTT. sb <e
|+<+ (jT+m) |] = |+<
s+>+MT< rdTeq <]$T |jT TqT
s<T #j\ & |+#sTT. C
jT+m @ s+ > #dH |jT T k{
e#~ <T. s es+ (qs_ *{)
+<T\T m<Ts &T n+~+#+<T
eyT m+m |]$T+.
=+\+ |qT>T k> m
\ 1958 &d+sY 27q bH, ,
s, u*j
T +, \>+ sY,Z H<s +&, +>+
& <X\T d deyX+
|jTTqT s<T #j\ rs+#sTT.
eTsTd{s C ^H, dt+&, <X\T
$TqV $T*q n<X\ ms
qs_ *{ essTT. 1958 &d+sY
30q .jT+.m sb\ n~]
+> y< eTT<|&+~. 1959 qe]
15e Bq |jTT q sb\
dd |*+~.
$j\T
|jTT <s @sT #dTq
VQ| jT]+> eed e\ b+rjT
yD+ |]+~. $$< <X\T Crj
_e~ >DjT+> |+#THsTT. sb
<X\T sT e eq $<o es <y
<#d $<+ > yD+ HsT |HsTT.
dTesT m$T<bT |jTT s
b\T =qk>sTT. m$T< 70
X+ $<o yD ndeq\qT |jT T
<s |]w]+#T>*>sTT.
yDT U\qT |jT T |s y
d m|{|&T yDT, yD
$T>T\T Oq <X\ eT< deTT\+
e] dT
k~+# #s \T #|{ q +<Te\ du <X\
b<T| #s\ |] |\ Hq us\T
yjT+& >V+#TH ydT\TuT
< +~. m$T< \+ du <X\T
k~+q ] |> >DjTyTq ksTT
e+~.
sb ] dVseT+&* |]~
d\ Crj 48 X+, b]X$T
65 X+ |]>sTT. kH e~
sT b*d 5 qT+& 9 X+ &|
k~+#sTT. es{ ] $<H\
n+q \+ >+ mq&
<X\T + ue~ s TqT k~+#< T .
KsT nyT] dsj
T T>+> ud+q
1940`49 eT<\+ L& +
e~sT qy<T <T.
n+srjT yD+ @{&~
ds sD |u y qeTq H|< +
|jT T @sT e\ k~+q e~s T
| sb b\esZ\T d+| #+<yT
<T. n+srjT $|D k|+ > eT
~| \uTH+<T |jTT
nse++> &&+<H n_bj
e#sTT. &\s \\ =s e\ n+s
rjT ] sb\qT jT++#T
y*q > H &q <X\ +>
~ >=|> n+~eq neXyT.
sb<X\T e~uq |&+
<X\ &\sY ]sT\T, &\sY m>TeTT\T
L& e~ #+<sTT. sb<X\ &\sY
\\T 1945 H{ 10.5 _*jTH &\sT,
1951 H{ 10.1 _*jTH &\sT>
1957 H{ 17.7 _*jTH &\s
#sTHsTT. <Xu+ |eT
sb <X\T y{ nedsyTq &\sT
d+b~+#TH dqT deTLsTHsTT.
n+<T +>s u<T\T> &\sT
eT]+#k>sTT. |s ekq+> 1958
=*k]> nyT] +>s+ \\T >D
jT+> |&bjsTT. &\sT ` +>s+
es+ s TqT nyT] dssT d+u[+#
>\<T nq+ +<qs <X |&b
jsTT <X +>s| \\T. n+<T
nyT] sb <X\T |jT TqT e~*|{
b n+srjT ] eed #+
sy\ & #d+~.
|jTT ` yD dssD
sb ] dV s eT+&* @sT
22
e] dT
#dq sb #*+|\ d+|T+ (|jTT)
=* b<q @++f eT+&*
du<X\ eT< s e]& k~+#
>*, n+ b<q yD ds sD
k~+#+ L& |jT T mC+& e+~.
n+f sb<X\T k, s yD
b+ @sT ss TT+#THsTT. n+<T
|jT T @sT bf j <X\ eT<
eq |]eD yD +\qT
d&* +#sTT.
|jTT yTH+> usT ksTTH
1957 yD eeVs\ d] +> usTq T
@sT #dTHsTT. B |q eT]+
O<sy< yD $<H\qT sb+~+
#&+ , n+f |]eD +\ T dT+\T
e+{ n+X\qT eT~+| #d @ yTs
y{ d&* +# db sT #jT &+. 1956
e] H{ 89 X+ sb |yT
yD+ ds]+#&+~. 1949 H{
| j T T d u < X \ yD + 100
bsTT+T nqT+f 1950 H{ n~
141, 51 H{ 151, 56 H{ 226
bsTT+ m>u+~.
nsTT yD dssD sb
<X\ eyT |]$T+. 1953 H{
nyT], q& <X\ qT+& |eT sb
<X\ njT ~>TeTT\ 11 X+
eyT |]eD +\ |]~
$. 1954 H{ d+K 32 X,
55 H{ 47 X, 56 H{ 59
X |]>sTT. 1957 H{ <<|
H\T+ eT&Te+T\ ~>TeTT\ MT<
|]eD +\T d&*+#sT.
zd <X\T yD dssD
\ #TsT>Z #|{ H , 1958 e]H{
n+f s+&e ||+#jTT<+ eTTdq 13
@ nyT], q& <X\ sb
<X\ yD+ 30 X+ MT< |]e
D +\ T =qk>sTT. nH n+sY
sb <X\ yD+ 10 X+ |]
eD +\T eHsTT. n> u
dT+\T =qk>sTT. 1961 s
eyT &\sY yD+ dssD
$<H\T |P]> neT\T e#sTT.
>TDbs\T
|jTT nqTuy\T n_e~ k~+#
& VV&TTq rjT ||+#
<X\ eTTK+> n\u <X\ nH
23
n\u <X\ |C yD |+<+

b+rjT dVs n_e~ eT+& @sT e\
<X\T OeT& |jH\T |+b+~+#TH <sD
n\esTe&+ eTq+ >eT+#e#T. d+u+ m<Tsq
|]d T |e T sb <X\T b +rjT ] dV s+
d+ @sT #dT q eed e\ \yTq <X\T \V
qyTq <X\ #jT #+ <T nedsy T eT $<
H\T de]+#Tq <K eTq q&TT+~.
n\u <X\ m+yT
$\Tyq >TDbs\T n+~dTH sTT. yTT<{

>TDbs+ @++f n+srjT ] s
b\| s+ XjTT+> jT+
D\T $~+# M\T+~. #*+|\ d+u+
(u\H |t |yT+{ d d )t m<Ts q |&
rjT ||+# <X\T |]eD
+\ T $~+#& d+|<jT ] y\ T
|T> $eT]dT+{sT. sb
|uT \T es{ b{ nqTeT+#&
eT ] eed\qT us se&
<T\T> s jT+D\T $~+q nqT
ue+ eTq eTT+<T q&TT+~.
b+rjT dVs n_e~ eT+&
@sT e\ <X\T OeT& |jH\T
|+b+~+#TH <sD n\esTe&+
eTq+ >eT+#e#T. d+u+ m<Tsq
|]d T |eT sb <X\T b+rjT
] dVs+ d+ @sT #dTq
eed e\ \yTq <X\T \VqyTq
<X\ #jT #+<T nedsyT
eT $<H\T de]+#Tq <K
eTq q&TT+~.
e]> |jTT eTq n+~+# >{
>TDbs+ @++f ` ]_e~ e\+
<X d++~+q |D[, bC
nH~ bsbT n+#H n *jT
#dT+~. s+&e ||+#jTT<+ eTTd

H{ sb <X\T ` ||+#+H X
e+yTq ] eed\T nsTTq|{ `
reyTq d+u m<Ts=HsTT.
d+u @ <X <X+ $&> n~>
$T+# <T\T OeT& w, b+rjT
dV s+ Bs * \ + |#jT &+
u<jTyTq eeVs+> sTEy+~.
+ $yTq $wjT+ @++f
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RNI Reg. No. APTEL/2006/17554
Postal Regd. No H/SD/407/07-10-12
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Marxistu, monthly organ of Communist Party of India (Marxist) A.P . State Committee.
Printer & Publisher B.V. Raghavulu. RNI Reg.No. APTEL/2006/17554. Vol.5, No.9, January 2011
36

Marxist January 2011

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Marxist January 2011

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