Analysis of Industrial Slabs-On-ground

ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FLOOR SLABS-ON-GROUND FOR DESIGN PURPOSES by KANCHEEPURAM N. 6UNALAN, B.E., M.E.
A DISSERTATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
December,
1986
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses his deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Warren K. Wray for his encouragement and guidance throughout the course of this work. He also thanks Dr. C.V.G. Vallabhan, Dr. James R. Thanks
McDonald, and Dr. Necip Guven for their valuable guidance.
are also due to Dr. K.C. Mehta for willing to be an examiner and to Dr. D. Chou for all his help. The author is indebted to Dr. E.W.
Kiesling, Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering, for the financial assistance throughout the course of his study at Texas Tech University. The author thanks his parents for their constant encouragement, guidance and moral support. He also thanks his wonderful wife,
Duru, for her unselfish support, patience and encouragement. The author wishes to thank everyone at Terra Testing, Inc. for their encouragement and assistance. Finally, thanks are also due to
Mrs. Sherry Smith for the wonderful job of typing this manuscript.
ABSTRACT Slab-on-ground foundations refer to ground supported floor slabs used to transfer loads safely to the subgrade without undergoing distress themselves. These foundations have been used in
residential, light commercial and industrial buildings for many years. Since the loading conditions and magnitudes in industrial
buildings are wery different from those in residential and light commercial buildings, their design must be approached differently. Various design procedures have evolved for the thickness design of industrial floor slabs, but most of them have been developed for a specific use or have certain limitations. Therefore, there is still
a need for a rational design procedure which will eliminate some of these limitations. In order to develop a rational design or analysis procedure, a parametric study involving slab length, slab width, slab thickness, modulus of elasticity of soil, aisle width between stacks, stack loading, and forklift loading was conducted to study their influence on deflections, bending stresses, bending moments, and shear forces occurring in the slab. The study was conducted by considering the
influence of stack and forklift loadings, both separately and together. The values used in the study were over a realistic range.
Regression analysis was performed on the results of 618 individual problems and equations for the thickness design of industrial floor ii i
slabs were developed.
Correlation coefficients for these equations
ranged from 0.78 to 0.99. As the modulus of elasticity of the soil is an important parameter in the design of industrial floor slabs, a survey of eight practicing engineers and commercial testing laboratories was conducted to determine the most practical and economical means of evaluating the modulus of elasticity of soil. Equations rather than nomographs have been developed for maximum bending stresses, maximum shear forces and maximum differential deflection for each loading condition. These equations permit
solving for the required slab thickness to resist the imposed loads.
TV
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Concrete Floor Slabs ii ii i viii x 1 1 2 4 22 24 24
1.2 Winkler Foundation 1.3 1.4 2. Previous Work Scope of Research
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO APPLICABLE THEORY 2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Brief Review of the Theory of Plates 2.3 2.4 Finite Element Method Finite Element Computer Program, SLAB4 3. EVALUATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF SOIL 3.1 3.2 Introduction 27 32 32 33 37 ^4 25 26
Characteristics of the Modulus of Elasticity of Soil 3.3 Testing Procedures for Determining Modulus of Elasticity of Soil 3.4 Evaluation of the Most Practical and Economical Testina Procedure
4.
PARAMETRIC STUDY 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Introduction Material Parameters Structural Parameters Utility Parameters Accomplishment of Parametric Study ". .
49 49 50 53 55 66 74 74 74 75 81 83 86
5.
DEVELOPMENT OF REGRESSION EQUATIONS 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Introduction Regression Analysis Development of Regression Equations Discussion on Regression Equations Limitations of Using the Regression Equations Analysis of the Regression Equations
6.
DESIGN PROCEDURE USING THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Introduction Soils Investigation Safety Factor Design Procedure 92 92 92 93 94 98 98 98 101
VI
7.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 7.2 7.3 Introduction Conclusions Recommendations
LIST OF REFERENCES APPENDICES A. B. C. D. USER' S GUIDE FOR COMPUTER PROGRAM SLAB4 LISTING OF PROGRAM SLAB4 WITH SAMPLE OUTPUT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SURVEY VALUES OF DESIGN PARAMETERS DUE TO FORKLIFT LOADING AT 15 LOCATIONS USED IN QUASI-STATIC ANALYSIS COMPARISON OF RESULTS FOR DIFFERENT ASPECT RATIOS OF FINITE ELEMENT STRESS, MOMENT, SHEAR, AND DIFFERENTIAL DEFLECTION RESULTS FROM PARAMETRIC STUDY MOMENT EQUATIONS DESIGN EXAMPLE USING EXISTING PROCEDURES DESIGN EXAMPLE USING THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PCA METHOD AND THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS
103
108 122 184
188 205
E. F.
207 237 238 243 252
G. H. I. J.
vn
LIST OF TABLES 1.1 1.2 3.1 Vehicle Categories Traffic Categories for Design Index Means of Weights of Relative Importance Assigned to Variables 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3a Computed Weights and Their Sums Variation in Values of Design Parameters Due to Variation in E Maximum Deflection Values Correspondi ng to E Val ues Comparison of Values of Design Parameters with Stacks Oriented Along the Long and Short Directions of a Slab with an Aspect Ratio of 1.33 Comparison of Values of Design Parameters with Stacks Oriented Along the Long and Short Directions of a Slab with an Aspect Ration of 4.0 Details of Forklifts Used in the Analysis Ratios of Values of Design Parameters for Forklift Loading Alone at Locations Where Maximum Values Occurred with Respect to Values at Position 1 Ratios of Values of Design Parameters for Stack and Forklift Loadings at Locations Where Maximum Values Occurred with Respect to Values at Position 1 Ratios of Values of Design Parameters with Forklift Truck Oriented Perpendicular to the Aisle with Respect to Values with Forklift Truck Oriented Along the Aisle Values of Parameters Used in the Parametric Study viii 46 47 52 54 17 18
57
4.3b
58 60
4.4 4.5
63
4.6
64
4.7
67 70
4.8
5.1 5.2 6.1
R-Squared Values from Regression Analysis for Principal Equations Increase in Design Parameters Due to Increase in Slab Thickness Comparison Between Regression Equations and Existing Procedures
84 91 97
IX
LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 1.2 Subgrade and Slab Stiffness Relationship Uniform Load Design and Slab Tensile Stress Graphs 1.3 1.4 1.5 Wheel Loading Design Design Graph for Axles with Single Wheels Design Graph for Axles wi th Dual Wheel s 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Design Graph for Post Loads Effective Load Contact Area Depends on Slab Thickness Design Curves for Concrete Slabs: Warehouse Fl oors and Open Storage Areas Design Curves for Concrete Slabs: Warehouse Floors and Open Storage Areas (Category VI, Forkl i fts) Design Curves for Slabon-Grade - Central Loadi ng Design Curves for Slabon-Grade - Edge Loading 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Def 1 ecti ons Due to Loadi ng Stresses Due to Loading Gibson Soil Model Mixed Stratigraphy Model Load-settlement Curve from Plate Bearing Tests Variation of f. with Plasticity Index x 20 29 30 35 36 39 42 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 5
16 19
1.10 1.11
3.5 4.1
Impact Value versus Elastic Modulus from Theory and Tests Locations of Forklift for Quasi-Static Analysis
43
62 65
4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1
Forklift Along and Perpendicular to Aisle Combination of Parameters for Stack Loading Condition Combination of Parameters for Forklift Loading Condition Combination of Parameters for Stack Plus Forklift Loading Condition Comparison Between Computer Analysis and Regression Equations
71 72 73 87
XI
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Concrete Floor Slabs
A need for an economical foundation for residential and light commercial buildings following World War II led to the use of ground supported slabs, usually referred to as slab-on-ground, or slab-ongrade if the subgrade has been prepared. The term "slab-on-ground" These
is applied to both unreinforced and reinforced floor slabs.
slabs have been grouped (7)* into four categories based on the amount of reinforcement provided. 1. 2. 3. 4. Plain concrete slabs. Plain, nonstructurally reinforced slabs. Structurally reinforced slabs. Post-tensioned slabs. The four categories are:
Although plain concrete slabs have the advantages of economy and ease of construction, it has become a practice to provide a minimal percentage of reinforcement in all plain concrete slabs to compensate for shrinking effects. Thus, in practice the first two
categories complement one another and therefore when plain concrete floor slabs are referred to both here and elsewhere, it implies concrete slabs with shrinkage reinforcement. Plain, nonstructurally
*Numbers in parentheses refer to entries in the List of References 1
2 reinforced slabs have also been found to be economical and have been successfully used for a wide variety of loading and site conditions. Structurally reinforced and post-tensioned slabs have been used where unusual loading or very poor site conditions were anticipated. In general, a concrete floor is expected to give good service for many years without deteriorating. In particular, large area
concrete floors for industrial buildings must be designed and constructed with the greatest possible economy to give trouble free service. However, in spite of these requirements and in spite of
being in use for many years, their design has been more of an art than a science. Various design procedures have evolved in recent
years for slab-on-ground foundations in residential and light commercial buildings (7,15,25,46,53). On the contrary, less atten-
tion has been paid to the development of a design procedure for these foundations in industrial buildings. The few procedures
available to assist in the thickness design of industrial floor slabs have a shortcoming in common, i.e., the inappropriate modeling of the soil. All of them model the soil as a Winkler foundation.
Why modeling the soil as a Winkler foundation is inappropriate is explained in the following section. 1.2 Winkler Foundation
Winkler, in 1867 (52), proposed that the deflection of the soil surface can be modeled by a simple equation: p = kw where p = pressure acting on the soil surface, psi (1.1)
k = proportionality constant called modulus of subgrade reaction, pci w = deflection of loaded region, in. Over the years engineers have made use of Winkler's model because of its simplicity in representing the soil in soil-structure interaction analyses. Many empirical formulae were proposed for k, even though there is no unique value of k for soil. The modulus of
subgrade reaction is not a property of the soil alone; it also depends on the rigidity of the structure, duration of loading, loading type and depth of soil medium. Other limitations of
modeling the soil as a Winkler foundation are discussed below. For instance, in the field when a load is applied on a semiinfinite elastic half space the surface deflects not only under the load but it also deflects in the neighborhood of the load with the magnitude of deflections diminishing with distance away from the load. With the Winkler model only the surface under the loaded region will deflect. The differential equation for slab on elastic foundation is: Dv w + kw = p(x,y) where D is the flexural rigidity of the plate. (1.2) Consider a uniform
slab carrying a constant uniform load, p , over the entire slab. The solution of the governing equation (1.2) for a free edge condition (zero bending moments and shear forces) is a constant displacement indicating that there is no bending moment or shear force in the slab. We know that this is not true because under any given
loading, the slab will experience some bending moment and shear
4 force. Therefore, the design of slabs on ground with the Winkler
assumption will yield unsafe results if the slab carries fairly large and uniformly distributed loads. 1.3 Previous Work
Design procedures for industrial floor slabs-on-ground were primarily based on experience or they were accomplished using one of the following: 1. 2. 3. The Corps of Engineers method (12). The American Concrete Institute method (2). The Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute method (10).
These methods were found to be more empirical (based on performance experience) than rational by researchers in this area (29,30) and that there was a need for a rational design procedure. As a result, a number of attempts have been made and there are a few procedures available today to assist in the thickness design of industrial floor slabs. here. 1.3.1 Panak's Method (29,30) These procedures are briefly discussed
The first reported rational design procedure was that of Panak. He studied deflections, stresses, and moments in large area concrete slabs using the discrete element slab theory (21) over a range of practical variables. From the analysis, he developed graphs shown The graph shown in Figure 1.1 provides
in Figures 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.
a ratio of the slab stiffness to the modulus of subgrade reaction D/k, required in subsequent graphs. It is based on assumed
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LOADED DIAMETER -
Wheel Loading Design (after [29])
8 thickness of the slab and known values of concrete modulus and effective subgrade modulus. The graph shown in Figure 1.2 provides
design bending moments in terms of aisle width, D/k ratio, and magnitude of uniform loading. The graph shown in Figure 1.3 pro-
vides design bending moments for a loaded forklift on the slab in terms of single wheel load, distance between load wheels, effective tire footprint diameter and D/k ratio. The work of Panak was the
first step towards developing a rational design procedure for industrial floor slabs-on-ground and has been incorporated into the Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI) methods. Though still considered to be the most rational design procedure available, Panak's method has shortcomings. The primary
shortcoming is that the soil has been modeled as a Winkler foundation. The other limitation of this method is that short term values
of m.odulus of subgrade reaction have been used in the analysis and even if long term value (needed in the case of clayey soils) can be determined, the design graphs do not permit their use in design. Also, it has been reported by Wray (53) that the length and width of the slab influence the values of design parameters such as moments which have not been considered by this and other procedures discussed in the following sections. 1.3.2 Portland Cement Association (PCA) Method (28)
The design graphs included in Figures 1.4 and 1.5 are based on computerized solutions by Packard (27) and on Pickett's formulae
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concrete modulus of elasticity of 4000 ksi.
trated wheel loads were developed considering the flexural strength, factor of safety, wheel spacing, effective wheel contact area and modulus of subgrade reaction. Post load graphs, such as the one
shown in Figure 1.6, were developed for other modulus of subgrade reaction values of 100 pci and 200 pci, based on Hetenyi's method (17). Figure 1.7 provides effective contact area which is based on When analyzing
load contact area and assumed thickness of the slab.
for dual wheels. Figure 1.5 is used to obtain an equivalent load factor which is based on dual wheel spacing, effective contact area, and assumed thickness of the slab. The equivalent load factor is
multiplied with the dual-wheel axle load to obtain the equivalent single-wheel axle load, which is then used with other values in Figure 1.4 to arrive at the required thickness of the slab. In this procedure, the soil beneath the slab is modeled as a Winkler foundation and also, long term values for the modulus of subgrade reaction have not been included. Panak (30) reports in his
work that the negative moments in the middle of the aisle for a uniform loading condition with aisleways approximately 10 ft or less in width were found to control the design, indicating that the aisle width and uniform loading are important parameters that need to be considered. But these parameters have not been considered in
developing this procedure.
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13
LOAD CONTACT AREA, sq in.

Figure 1.7: Effective Load Contact Area Depends on Slab Thickness (after [28])
14 1.3.3 Corps of Engineers Design Curves (4,13,14)
The design curves shown in Figures 1.8 and 1.9 were produced from computer solutions based on Westergaard's formula (48) for free edge stress with some joint transfer ability. The curves were based
on a transfer coefficient of 0.75, an impact factor of 25 percent, a concrete modulus of elasticity of 4000 ksi and a Poisson's ratio of 0.20. The variables considered are: modulus of rupture at 28 days,
wheel spacing, axle loading, wheel contact area and modulus of subgrade reaction. To account for different types of vehicles and
traffic volumes. Category I, II, III, IV, V and VI have been expressed in terms of equivalent operation of a basic axle loading. The basic loading was assumed to be a 25,000 lb single-axle load with two sets of dual wheels spaced 52 inches apart with 11 inches between dual wheels. These categories are included in Table 1.1.
Also, a parameter called "design index" has been included to express various axle loads and traffic volume in terms of relative severity. Table 1.2 contains these design index values. In developing the curves, the soil beneath the slab has been modeled, as a Winkler foundation and, therefore, requires a modulus of subgrade reaction value. The procedure considers only the wheel
loading condition and even for this, the categories used are based on some arbitrarily selected loading. 1.3.4 Corps of Engineers Curves (34,35)
The curves shown in Figures 1.10 and 1.11 were developed by Ringo using Westergaard's formula (48). These curves were plotted
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S A F E T Y FACTOR A N D M O D U L U S O F
RUPTURE NOT INCLUDED WITHIN THE GRAPH CONTACT AREA 25 sq in. SHRINKAGE COMPESATING CEMENT CONCRETE SOLID TIRES; TWO PER AXLE
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20
THE GRAPH
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r.irvps for Slab-on-
21 for specific use and were based on a transfer coefficient of 0.25, Poisson's ratio of 0.20, wheel area of 25 sq in. and a concrete modulus of elasticity of 4000 ksi. The variables that were con-
sidered are allowable concrete tensile stress per 1000 lbs of axle load, wheel spacing, and modulus of subgrade reaction. The curves have been developed by modeling the soil as a Winkler foundation and do not include the long term values. Also,
the curves consider only one contact area, namely, 25 sq. in., implying that they have been developed only for a specific use. The
curves further consider only the wheel loading condition and do not include uniform (stack) loading condition. 1.3.5 Interactive Computer Solution (36)
The program has been developed by Ringo and Steenken on a soft disk for a microcomputer. Westergaard's six loading cases (48,49) The
based on the classical Hertz solution have been programmed.
variables that were considered are modulus of rupture, factor of safety, joint transfer coefficient, Poisson's ratio, axle load, wheel spacing, wheel area, aspect ratio of wheel area, and modulus of subgrade reaction. The program provides the thickness required
for the concrete slab based on the above variables. The solution is based on modeling the soil as a Winkler foundation and requires a value for the modulus of subgrade reaction. also considers only the wheel loading condition. It
22 1.4 Scope of Research
Although there are a number of design procedures already available to assist in the thickness design of large area or industrial type floor slabs, most of these procedures have been developed for a specific application or by considering only a limited number of variables over a limited range of values. Therefore, the purpose
of this dissertation is to analyze the slab-on-ground used for industrial appilcations and to develop a more rational design or analysis procedure which will overcome the shortcomings of the existing design procedures. Based on extensive literature review, it was found that slab length, slab width, slab thickness, modulus of elasticity of soil, aisle width between stacks, stack loading and forklift loading are considered to be important in the design of an industrial floor slab. So, in order to develop a rational design or analysis
procedure, it was proposed to conduct a parametric study involving the above parameters to study their influence on deflections, bending stresses, bending moments, and shear forces occurring in the slab. The study would be conducted over a realistic range of values for the parameters mentioned above. The soil was modeled as an elastic
continuum and a finite element FORTRAN program called SLAB4 was used for the analyses. The theory and structure of this program is
discussed in Chapter 2. In order to model the soil as an elastic continuum, the values of Poisson's ratio and the modulus of elasticity of the soil are
23 used in the analysis. To enable the design engineer to decide on a
method of evaluating the modulus of elasticity of the soil to be used for the analyses, a survey was conducted on some of the commonly available testing procedures. Based on the survey, the most
practical and economical means of evaluating this property is recommended. Details of the testing procedures considered, the
survey, the analysis, and the recommendation are presented in Chapter 3. Details of the parametric study, such as parameters considered, combinations of these parameters, and range of values used for these parameters are presented in Chapter 4. Discussion on the regression
analysis used to develop the regression equations and the equations themselves are presented in Chapter 5. A different design procedure
based on regression equations rather than nomographs is presented in Chapter 6. Finally, conclusions regarding the results of this study
and how well the principle objectives were achieved, along with some recommendations, are presented in Chapter 7.
CHAPTER 2 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO APPLICABLE THEORY 2.1 Introduction
Application of the principles of soil mechanics to the behavior of structures in practice has explained the behavior of structures supported on soil reasonably well. The reason for this is that the behavior of a structure and the underlying soil are interdependent and, therefore, they need to be analyzed together. This understand-
ing has changed the approach to solving soil-structure interaction problems. For instance, slab-on-ground foundations are being
analyzed by representing the problem as a plate resting on an elastic foundation (8,19,20,47,53). The problem of bending of a
plate resting on an elastic foundation can be solved in closed form only for a relatively small number of boundary conditions and, therefore, approximate numerical methods have to be used. A finite element program (a numerical method) was developed (8,19,20,47,53) to analyze concrete slabs-on-ground by representing the problem as a plate on an elastic continuum. As the objective of
the study reported herein was to develop a rational design procedure for thickness design of industrial floor slabs and not to develop a numerical procedure to conduct the parametric study, the existing finite element program, with suitable modifications and now called SLAB4, was used. The structure of the program is explained in 24
25 Section 2.4. Also, a brief introduction to the theory of plates and
the finite element method are given in the following sections. 2.2 A Brief Review of the Theory of Plates
To a large extent, bending properties of a plate depend on its thickness. plates. There are two types of plates: thin plates and thick
A plate is said to be thin if its ratio of thickness to the
smaller span length is less than 1/20; otherwise it is said to be a thick plate. Associated with these two types of plates are three
types of problems, namely: 1. 2. 3. Thin plates with small deflections. Thin plates with large deflections. Thick plates.
By small deflections it is meant deflections that are smaller than or equal to the thickness of the plate. Analysis of thin plates subjected to lateral loads (loads applied perpendicularly to the plane of the plate) are commonly accomplished by using the linear theory which assumes that the lateral displacements due to loads are small in comparison to its thickness. This theory has been found to apply very well to rein-
forced concrete slabs (43,55). The linear theory, sometimes referred to as the classical Kirchoff's theory of plates, is based on the following assumptions: 1. 2. The middle plane is free from deformation. Forces normal to the middle plane of the plate before
deformation remain normal after deformation.
26 3. The normal stresses in the direction perpendicular to the
plane of the plate can be disregarded. Based on the above assumption, Kirchoff developed a theory in which all stress components can be expressed by a single variable, w, the deflection of the middle surface of the plate. The develop-
ment and final equations for both isotropic and orthotropic plates can be found in any standard textbook, (e.g., 43). 2.3 Finite Element Method
The advent of high speed digital computers with the aid of approximate numerical methods have made it possible to solve problems which were once not possible to solve by hand. Of the various
numerical methods known, the finite difference and the finite element methods have been used extensively for plate bending problems. The philosophy of the finite element formulation is considIn
erably different from that of the finite difference formulation. the finite difference method, a numerical approximation is made to the exact mathematical differential equation governing the problem by concentrating on a number of selected values of the unknown function at specified mesh points. In the finite element method,
the plate is divided into a series of small elements and these elements are assumed to be joined only at specified nodal points. Continuity, together with equilibrium, are established at these points. Of the two methods, the finite element method is often found to be more adaptable because of such things as variations in material properties, geometry, etc., can be more conveniently handled. The
27 formulation of this method can be found in any standard textbook (e.g., 55). 2.4 Finite Element Program, SLAB4
After the development of the finite element method, it did not take yery long to find applications for this method in the field of civil engineering. The simplicity of formulation with capabilities
of handling odd geometric shapes and varying material properties has made this method quite popular. Also, the systematic way in which
the procedure reaches a solution makes it well suited for programming on a digital computer. The method of finite elements has been extended to the problems of bending of slabs and a computer program was developed by Zienkiewicz and Cheung (54) to analyze elastic, isotropic and orthotropic slabs. Later it was used by Cheung and Zienkiewicz (8) to
analyze plates and tanks on an elastic (semi-infinite half space) foundation. For their analyses, they assumed that the plates They demon-
remained in contact with the subgrade at all times.
strated that there was very little additional difficulty in modeling the subgrade as an elastic continuum. Boussinesq's equation (44) is
used to obtain the flexibility matrix of the subgrade, which is then inverted to obtain the stiffness matrix. The stiffness matrix of
the subgrade is added to the stiffness matrix of the plate and the unknown displacements are solved for, first and then the stresses obtained. The program was then used by Wang, Sargious, and Cheung The program was modified
(47) for the analyses of rigid pavements.
to analyze two slabs (simulating two lanes of pavement)
28 simultaneously which were assumed to be connected by dowels that were 100 percent efficient. Effects of temperature differentials This modified program
such as warping (cupping) were also included.
can handle loss of contact between slab and subgrade due to warping and pumping. However, a major difficulty in terms of large computer
storage (memory) was required because the overall stiffness matrix was not banded (due to the stiffness matrix of the subgrade). Huang
(19) developed an iterative scheme which makes the stiffness matrix banded and solves the excessive storage problem. Huang (20) also
incorporated a scheme which makes use of symmetry, thereby further reducing the storage required and also the time required to solve a problem. The reliability of the results of an analysis using this
program was compared by Huang (19) with analytical and experimental results. Based on the comparison, Huang reports that the deflec-
tions predicted by the program checked reasonably well with experimental measurements and that the edge stresses checked within 6% of analytical solution (Figs. 2.1 and 2.2). Wray (53) used the program for analyzing slab-on-ground foundations for residential and light commercial buildings supported on expansive soils. He modified the
program to be able to handle non-constant rectangular sections (slab-on-ground foundations with stiffening beams), and also included a subroutine to calculate bending moments and shear forces. The program with the above features was named SLAB2 by Wray (53). Although all of the features described above are not required for the analysis of an industrial floor slab, additional modifications were made by the writer to make this program more efficient
29
LOAD y-FREE EDGE LOAD
'I
UONGITUDINAL JOINT
^H4iW4^
7in.(l80mm)SLAB, 7,000 lb (31 kN) LOAD
'O
O
0.1 0.2
E E
Iui _i
bliJ O
0.3 o
04
0.5
UJ -J UJ
o
lO
8 in.(200mm) SLAB, 12,000 lb (53 kN) LOAD

0 5
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z o
-
o 10
UJ
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-I b. UJ
/ (51 cm)
kf
05
9 in.(230mm)SLAB, 15,000 lb (67 kN) LOAD FULL CONTACT -PARTIAL CONTACT o EXPERIMENTAL
Figure 2.1: Deflections Due to Loading (after [19])
30
UJ s CM
&> CO (/>
200
1
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200
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600
7 in. (180 mm) SLAB, 9,000 lb (40 kN) LOAD

200
Ui - s CO 2 UJ > ( O CO
> <o
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0
200
v"
/ f r
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1 i
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8 in. (200 mm) SLAB, 12,000 lb(53 kN) LOAD
UI
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9 in. (230mm) SLAB, 15,000 lb (67 kN) LOAD THEORETICAL - FULL CONTACT - PARTIAL CONTACT EXPERIMENTAL o TRANSVERSE '^ LONGITUDINAL
Figure 2.2: Stresses Due to Loading (after [19])
31 when used in a parametric study such as the one being reported herein. In order to study the behavior of a slab under both the
stack loadings representing the stored materials and the forklift loadings, the program was modified to permit two loading conditions of different intensities to be imposed simultaneously. Differential
deflections are an important aspect of the analysis and so an additional routine to calculate the twenty greatest differential deflection over distance ratios (A/1) has been added. These results
are now printed along with deflections, bending stresses, bending moments and shear forces. Deflections, bending moments and shear
forces are printed both in the order of the finite element nodes and also in ascending order of magnitudes. named SLAB4. This program has now been
A user's guide for program SLAB4 is included as
Appendix A and the program source listing with a sample output is included as Appendix B.
CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF SOIL 3.1 Introduction
Analysis of slab-on-ground foundations have been carried out in the past by representing the soil beneath the slab by a system of springs (a Winkler foundation) having a constant modulus of subgrade reaction, k^. Because of the simplicity of the model, it has been Even though the
quite popular and is still used by many engineers.
concepts of elasticity apply to soils only in a wery approximate range, it would be more appropriate to model the soil as an elastic continuum rather than modeling it as a Winkler foundation, for reasons discussed in Section 1.2. To represent the soil as an elastic continuum, the two basic elastic properties, modulus of elasticity of soil, E ratio of soil, v^ aJê required. and Poisson's
Despite trying to represent the
soil more realistically, the results of an analysis are only as meaningful as the values of E chosen. Unfortunately, tabulated Therefore,
values based on simple correlation are too often used.
in order for any analysis to be meaningful, the value of the modulus of elasticity of the foundation soil needs to be evaluated for the site rather than assumed. A number of testing procedures have evolved by which the value of E can be estimated. Thus, an engineer is faced with the task of 32
33 choosing the type of testing procedure to make this empirical evaluation. An attempt is made below to present the characteristics
of the modulus of elasticity of soil, some of the commonly available testing procedures and, in a general way, to recommend the most practical and economical way of evaluating E . 3.2 Characteristics of the Modulus of Elasticity of Soil
Although in many situations soil is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic, in reality it is far from being so. It is very difficult to represent the soil with all its complexities and even with the assumptions, the complexity of the material has its influence on E 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. in the form of (22):
Stress history. Stress level. Soil type. Time (thixotropic, aging and strain-rate effects). Type of loading. Soil disturbance.
Thus, it is clear that there can be no general value of E^ and, hence, the modulus needs to be evaluated on a site-by-site basis. The evaluation of E factors. is not an easy task because of the above
Associated with the complexity is its variability in both The variation of E^ with
the horizontal and vertical directions.
depth was first considered by Gibson (16). He considered the influence of variation of E with depth on the stresses and displacements in an isotropic elastic half-space subjected to loading
34 normal to its plane boundary. The model proposed by Gibson, now
called Gibson's model, is given by: E3 = E^ + n,.z where E = modulus of elasticity of soil (3.1)
E^ = modulus of elasticity of soil at the surface m z = slope = depth Recently a study of fifteen
The model is represented in Figure 3.1.
buildings in the Houston area for foundation settlements during construction showed that the Gibson model successfully provided elastic solutions for a soil (overconsolidated Beaumont clay) exhibiting increasing undrained modulus with depth (50,51). study, an equivalent constant modulus value was used. For the
The equiv-
alent constant modulus value will tend to increase with foundation size, which is supportive of the Gibson model. However, large mat
and combined footings impact deeper soil masses and, typically, require higher values of normalized modulus as a function of increasing footing size. This concept of equivalent Gibson model,
which has shown to be useful for cohesive foundation media in the Houston area, has subsequently been expanded to consider the presence of sand layers within the supporting layers (Fig. 3.2). At the present, variations in the horizontal directions cannot be handled in any way but to use judgment tempered with experience.
35
f f / ^ /
//?/y/////////
EQUIVALENT CONSTANT Eg MODEL
CLAY
GIBSON MODEL Ec= EQ+m-z
Figure 3.1:
Gibson Soil Model (after [16])
36
CLAY
wzm^
SAND Eg FOR CLAY MODEL
CLAY
Eg FOR MIXED MODEL-
GIBSON MODEL
Figure 3.2:
Mixed Stratigraphy Model (after [51])
37 3.3 Testing Procedures for Determining Modulus of Elasticity of Soil
Generally, sophisticated testing procedures are used for research purposes; on the other hand, simple and commonly available testing procedures are typically used for obtaining soil properties to be used for design purposes. Therefore, only the commonly These
available testing procedures have been considered here.
procedures include uniaxial compression test (triaxial test), unconfined compression test, plate bearing test, California bearing ratio test, pressuremeter test, static cone test, standard penetration test, and vane shear test. The results of these various tests
have been correlated by others in earlier work to the modulus of elasticity of soil. given below. 3.3.1 Uniaxial Compression Test The various correlations with references are
The modulus of elasticity of soil is obtained from the stressstrain relationship of the soil. The slope of the tangent drawn to
the initial point is called the initial tangent modulus and the slope of the line joining any two separate points is called the secant modulus. The initial tangent modulus is reported to be used
quite often, but it has been recommended (22) that the secant modulus value obtained by picking the initial point and a point corresponding to 1/2 or 1/3 of the peak deviator stress be used.
38 3.3.2 Unconfined Compression Test
The modulus of elasticity value from this test is said to correspond to one-half the ratio between the failure stress and its corresponding strain (38). 3.3.3 Plate Bearing Test
From a series of plate load tests using plates of the same shape but of different size, a curve is drawn between measured settlement and loading (Fig. 3.3). Then the slope of this line is related to E by (5): [(1 - v^s^/^s^ ^w = '/^^ where s = settlement, in. q = loading on footing, psi B = width of footing, in. E V s = modulus of elasticity of soil, psi (^^'
= Poisson's ratio of soil s I = influence factor which depends on shape of footing and w its rigidity (refer to Table 5.4 in Ref. 5) 3.3.4 California Bearing Ratio Test
In situ California bearing ratio value is approximately related to E^ by (11): E s where = modulus of elasticity of soil, psi s CBR = California Bearing Ratio E = 500 X CBR (3.3)
39
i
qB
^ Es >^ w
0 0
qB
Figure 3.3: Load-Settlement Curve from Plate Bearing Tests (after [5])
40 3.3.5 Pressuremeter Test
The modulus of elasticity of soil is obtained from the pressuremeter test using the following relationship (24):
h = ^^sp
where a = structural coefficient = 2/3 for clays = 1/2 for silts E^ = modulus of elasticity of soil, tsf E^ = spherical modulus of elasticity, tsf 3.3.6 Static Cone Test by (37):
(3.4)
The static cone results are related to E E3 = 2q^ where E q = modulus of elasticity of soil, Kg/crr , kg/cm' 2 = cone resistance value, kg/cm 3.3.7
(3.5)
Standard Penetration Test
The blow count values of the standard penetration test are specifically related to E E E where E = modulus of elasticity of soil,ksf N = field blow count/foot and is generally related to E by (41): (3.8) by (5): (3.6) (3.7)
= 10 (N + 15) for sands = 6 (N + 5) for clayey sands
E^ = 130 f. N
41 where E = modulus of elasticity of soil, kN/m 2
f. = constant value 2 The value of f. ranges from 4.0 to 6.0 kN/m , based on the plasticity of the soil. The relationship between f. and plasticity index is illustrated in Fig. 3.4. 3.3.8 Vane Shear Test
The relationship between the results of the vane shear test and E is given by (26): E, = (T/e I d^) where T = torque required to generate a rotation of e = angular rotation d = diameter of blades IQ = 2/N H/d ([S^]"^{r*})^r*} The undrained modulus of a saturated soil is said (26) to be easily obtained from T vs. e plot. 3.3.9 Clegg Impact Test (3.9)
The relationship between the results of the Clegg impact test and E s E L where E s = modulus of elasticity of soil, MPa = 0.07 (CIV)"^ u.u/ ^Liv; (3.10) is given by (9):
CIV = Clegg impact value The above relation is illustrated in Fig. 3.5.
42
8i
6
_.
4H
2-
o o D -I
LONDON CLAY BOULDER CLAY LAMINATED CLAY BRACKLESHAM BEDS KEUPER MARL FLINZ
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 PI(%)
^. 4 (kN/tn^)
A OXFORD CLAY AKIMMERIDGE CLAY WOOLWICH a READING SUPPER LIAS CLAY
lo
20
30
40
50
60
70 PI(%)
Figure 3.4: Variation of f| with Plasticity Index (after [41])
43
10^ psi
500
o CL
FROM VAN TIL et aL (45)

#
200 100
CO
-107/psi / /
50
O O
FROM U.C. TESTS ON CEMENT STAB, CRUSHED ROCK.
20
O
CO
<
FROM THEORY Es = .07(IV)'

E2'=1.66(IV)^-2.97
10 16* psi
-J Ld
(AVE. CONFINING STRESS 85kPa)
'
20
40 IMPACT
60
80
100
VALUE
Figure 3.5: Impact Value versus Elastic Modulus from Theory and Tests (after [9])
44 This procedure, which is relatively new in the United States, came to the attention of the writer much after the survey, explained in Section 3.4, was conducted. Therefore, this procedure will not be found in the survey but has been included here to enable the reader to be up to date on the procedures available to evaluate the modulus of elasticity of soil. 3.4 Evaluation of the Most Practical and Economical Testing Procedure The testing procedures described above have their advantages and disadvantages, but their relative merits are not apparent to most users when choosing one testing procedure over another. Therefore, to enable the design professional to choose an appropriate testing procedure, a survey was conducted among eight geotechnical testing laboratories located across the state of Texas and four competent individuals from universities. The survey included an evaluation procedure based on the following variables (a) availability, (b) reliability, (c) familiarity, (d) cost of equipment, (e) cost of test, (f) interpretation of results, and (7) ease of performance. The relative importance of each of these seven variables was weighted by three knowledgeable individuals according to the following scale: 1. Very important. 2. Important.
3. Neither important nor unimportant. 4. Unimportant.
5. ye.ry unimportant.
The means of these weights were computed and tabulated. are shown in Table 3.1.
45 The results
The individual variables considered in the evaluation procedure were weighted on a scale of 1 to 5 in relation to a testing procedure as shown in the sample questionnaire survey included in Appendix C. For example, this writer would weigh the availability
of unconfined compression test as "1", since it is very likely that most geotechnical testing laboratories will have the capability to conduct this test. On the other hand, this writer would weigh the
availability of the pressuremeter test as "5", since it is wery unlikely that everybody will have the facility to conduct this test. The results of the survey were compiled and the means of the weights of all the variables corresponding to each testing procedure were calculated. These means were then multiplied by the corres-
ponding means of weights of relative importance given in Table 3.1. For example, the mean of weights corresponding to availability of unconfined compression test was found to be 2.400. This was mul-
tiplied by 1.333, which is the mean of weights of relative importance of availability in the evaluation procedure, to give a value of 3.199 (which can be rounded off to 3.2). The values thus obtained were tabulated and are included in Table 3.2. The values obtained for each variable were numerically added for each testing procedure. The lowest sum obtained corresponded to the most practical and economical testing procedure.
46
Table 3.1:
Means of Weights of Relative Assigned to Variables
Importance
Variable Availability Reliability Familiarity Cost of Equipment Cost of Test Ease o f Interpretation Ease of Performance
Means of Weights of Relative Importance 1.333 1.333 2.667 3.667 2.333 2.333 2.667
47
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48 From this analysis, the unconfined compression test was found to be the most practical and economical testing procedure. The
standard penetration test and the uniaxial compression test ranked second and third, respectively. However, it should be understood
that the findings are based on the survey which reflects the common practices in this geographic region (southwestern U.S.). Therefore,
even though any one of these procedures could be used to evaluate the modulus of elasticity of soil, it is recommended that their respective applicabilities and reliabilities in relation to existing conditions be clearly understood. For instance, the unconfined
compression test can be performed only on samples with some cohesion. In addition, disturbance resulting from sampling
procedures in slightly cohesive soils can result in large errors in the value of E . s
CHAPTER 4 PARAMETRIC STUDY 4.1 Introduction
The parameters involved in designing an industrial floor slab' on-ground can be grouped into: (1) material parameters, (2) strucSpecifically, these
tural parameters, and (3) utility parameters. parameters include: 1. Material parameters a. b. c. d. 2.
Modulus of elasticity of concrete, E^ "c Poisson's ratio of concrete, V c Modulus of elasticity of soil, E^ Poisson's ratio of soil, v
Structural parameters a. b. c. Slab length, L Slab width, W Slab thickness, h
3.
Utility parameters a. b. c. Stack loading, p^ Forklift loading, p^ Aisle width between stacks, A^
In accomplishing this study, three of the material parameters were assumed to be constant throughout the analysis. These three
parameters were the modulus of elasticity of concrete, Poisson's 49
ratio of concrete, and Poisson's ratio of soil.
50 The values of these
three parameters, together with other assumptions made regarding the range values and the reasoning behind them, are explained below. 4.2 4.2.1 Material Parameters c A minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days is usually recommended for any type of industrial or commercial floors (40). Although lower strengths have been found to be adequate for
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, E
supporting the loads on these floors (40), the additional strength is required to provide satisfactory resistance to wear. But to
account for variations in weather conditions at time of placing, poor placing or finishing practices, variations in gradation of aggregates, etc., a low value of 2,770 psi for compressive strength was used in Eq. (4.1) to determine the modulus of concrete (3): E where f = compressive strength of concrete, psi = 57,000 VT (4.1)
This provided a modulus of elasticity value of 3,000,000 psi for the concrete used in the analysis model. The empirical formula given by
Eq. (4.1) can be used for general construction grade concrete, usually exhibiting a 28 day compressive strength of 2,500 psi or more (3). A study involving other modulus of elasticity values namely, 3,600,000 psi and 4,000,000 psi, indicate higher values of design parameters as compared to those obtained with a modulus of
51 elasticity of 3,000,000 psi. These values are normalized with = 3,000,000 psi and are reported
respect to values obtained with E in Table 4.1. E
The equations presented in Chapter 5 are based on an However, to enable the use of other
value of 3,000,000 psi.
values of E
in the range between 3,000,000 psi and 4,000,000 psi, a or E has been introduced in the equations for
modulus factor, E
maximum bending stresses, maximum bending moments and maximum shear forces. or E , can be calculated from Eqs. X y' ^ 4.2a and 4.2b for the range, 3000 psi ^ f' ; 5000 psi: ^ E X = 0.0167 W c + 0.1208 (4.2a) The modulus factor, E
E = 0.0141 ^ + 0.2565 (4.2b) y c However, it should be recognized that its application will be appropriate only within the range of E discussed. 4.2.2 Poisson's ratio of concrete.
V
c Poisson's ratio of concrete is known to range between 0.15 and 0.20 (32). A conservative value of 0.15 was used in this study. 4.2.3 Modulus of Elasticity of Soil, E^
A wide variation of this property is reported in the literature (5,22), ranging from 50 psi to 2,000,000 psi. In order to narrow
this range, a study of maximum slab deflection was conducted by varying only the value of the modulus of elasticity of soil while holding all other parameters constant. Percent change in maximum For example, percent
deflection due to changes in E^ were computed.
change in maximum deflection due to change in E^ from 2000 psi to 10,000 psi was calculated as (2.84 in. - 0.57 in.)/2.84 in. x 100 =
52
Table 4.1:
Variation in Values of Design Parameters Due to Variation in E
E^. psi 3,000,000 Maximum Differential Deflection Maxmum Stress in x-direction Maximum Stress in y-directi on Maximum Moment in x-directi on Maximum Moment in y-directi on Maximum Shear Force in x-direction Maximum Shear Force in y-Directi on NOTE: 3,600,000 4,000,000
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.18 1.15 1.18 1.15
1.00 1.29 1.24 1.29 1.24
1.00
1.18
1.29
1.00
1.14
1.22
Results were obtained using slab length, L = 150 ft slab width, W = 100 ft slab thickness, h = 6 in. modulus of elasticity, E = 7500 psi aisle width, A = 5 ft ^ stack loading,^p = 8.0 psi
53 80%. These results are given in Table 4.2. The values of other
parameters used in this study are noted at the end of the table. For values of E lower than 1,500 psi, the total deflections
were found to exceed 5 in. which were considered to be unreasonable. Although the percentage change in maximum deflection values appeared to be significant for values of E greater than 15,000 psi, there
really was no practical change in magnitudes of maximum deflection. Consequently, as a result of this study, values of 1,500 psi and 15,000 psi were selected as the lower and upper bounds, respectively. value. 4.2.4 Poisson's Ratio of Soil, v A value of 7,500 psi was also used as an intermediate
Poisson's ratio of soil is known to range typically (42) from 0.15 to 0.50, where a value of 0.50 corresponds to a compressible medium. For similar analysis, values of 0.35 or 0.4 have been used Because the magnitude of computed deflections are not
(5,22,53).
highly sensitive to changes in Poisson's ratio, a constant value of 0.40 was adopted in this study. 4.3 4.3.1 Structural Parameters
Slab Length, L, and Slab Width, W
Slab length and width are usually governed by the requirements of the user. For industrial warehouses, the width may sometimes These dimensions
exceed 300 ft and the length may exceed 1000 ft.
are much larger than those for slabs in residential and light commercial buildings. However, in this study, clear dimensions
54
Table 4.2:
Maximum Deflection Values Corresponding to E Values
Modulus of Elasticity of Soil, E (psi) ' 1,000 2,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 NOTE:
Maximum Deflection (in.) 5.00
Maximum Change in Deflection due to Change in E

(%)
'
43 2.84
1
80 51
0.57 0.28 32 0.19 42 0.11
Results were obtained using slab length, L = 150 ft slab width, W = 50 ft slab thickness, h = 10 in. aisle width, A = 5 ft stack loading,^p = 4 psi
n
''^-
I,
tm
55 ranging from 50 ft to 250 ft, which commonly occur in practice, are considered. The specific combinations of lengths and widths are
assumed to cover the range of aspect ratios (1 to 5) normally encountered. 4.3.2 Slab Thickness, h
Slab thickness contributes to the stiffness of the system and is therefore an important parameter in the design of floor slabs. Generally, the preliminary design involves determination of the optimum uniform thickness of the slab-on-ground for a specific loading condition. Based on this information, the decision is then
made as to whether the slab needs to be stiffened by grade beams to reduce the uniform thickness or to structurally reinforce it. Because a uniformly thick slab is usually the design objective., in this study only a constant thickness slab is considered. Even
though a minimum thickness of 6 in. has been recommended (3) for plain concrete floor slabs-on-ground in industrial warehouses, slab thicknesses of 4 in. have also been found in the literature (33). Therefore, in order to cover the ranges most likely to occur in practice, slab thicknesses of 4 in. and 10 in. were selected as the lower and upper bounds, respectively, for this study. Slab thick-
nesses of 6 in. and 8 in. were also used as intermediate values. 4.4 Utility Parameters Stack Loading Their magnitudes However, for this
4.4.1
Stack loadings are due to stored materials. and locations are usually determined by the user.
56 study, the following assumptions were made: 1. Stacks are 5 ft wide when access is from one side alone,
and/or 10 ft wide when access is from both sides. 2. Stacks are assumed to be continuous and parallel to the
long dimension of the slab. 3. Concentrated loads due to rack posts cause only a punching
shear problem (34), which can be readily analyzed using conventional reinforced concrete design procedures. The lower and upper bounds of the loading intensity due to stacks were computed based on information obtained from local warehouses. The values used were 2 psi and 8 psi, respectively. value of 4 psi was also used. In order to compute the difference in values obtained between having the stacks oriented parallel to the long dimension of the slab and parallel to the short dimension of the slab, a separate analysis was conducted. The values obtained for the various design An intermediate
parameters with stacks oriented along the long and short directions of the slab, respectively, are reported in Tables 4.3a and 4.3b. The analysis indicates that there will be a significant change (increase and decrease) to the order of about 500% in the values of design parameters between having the stacks oriented along the long side of the slab and along the short side of the slab. Therefore, if any layout other than having the stacks along the long direction of the slab is contemplated, care should be exercised in applying the results of this study.
57
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59 4.4.2 Forklift Loading
The types and rated capacities of forklifts used in this study are based on manufacturer's information obtained from local warehouses and forklift truck dealers and are given in Table 4.4. Forklifts with rated capacities of 2,000 lbs and 15,000 lbs are used as lower and upper bounds, respectively. To avoid the problem of
colinearity (which means that a nearly exact linear relation among the predictor variables exists, causing coefficient estimates to be inflated and to predict unreasonable values), a third type of forklift with an intermediate rated capacity of 4,000 lbs was used in sixteen cases, the details of which are also included in Table 4.4. It is recommended (28) that if information regarding wheel
contact area is not available, it can be roughly approximated for solid or cushion tires by using: contact area = tire width x 3 or 4 (4.3)
Therefore, the contact area of the rear tires of the forklift was calculated by multiplying the tire width by 4. The contact pressure
is then obtained by dividing the single wheel load by the contact area of the tire. In order to obtain uniform contact pressure under
all four wheels, the contact area of the front wheels was adjusted. Additionally, forklifts are assumed to operate only along the aisles between the stack locations, even when the slab is not loaded with stack loadings. 4.4.3 "Worst Case" Forklift Truck Location
A separate, quasi-static analysis was carried out by systematically placing the forklift loading at different points on one
60
Table 4.4: Details of Forklifts Used in the Analysis
Rated Capaci ty, lbs O.D., Front Cushion Tires in.
2,000 16 .25 11 .25

5
4,000 18 .00 12 .12 7.00 16 .00 10 .50 5.00 3, 350 4. 150

7,1 350
15.000 28 .00 22 .00 12 .00 22 .00 16 .00 8 .00 8, 500 11.-100 32, 500 100 11.' 91 .23 32 .00 54 .00 70 .00
I.D., in. Width, in. O.D., in.
.00
13 .00 8 .00 4 .50 2, 700 2, 700 4, 700 2, 700 31 .35 18 .00 34 .60 43 .00
Rear Cushion Tires
I.D., in. Width, in. Front Wheels Rear Wheels Front Wheels Rear Wheels Front Wheels
Loads, lbs: Empty Condition
Loads, lbs: Fully Loaded Condition
4, 150 35 .42 20 .00 39 .10 53 .50
Contact Area, sq. in.

1
Rear Wheels
Axle Width, in. Distance between Axles, in. Basic minimum aisle for right angle stacking, in.
119 .00
130 .00
164 .50
NOTE:
Details obtained from manufacturer's provided by local dealers.
specifications
61 quadrant of a slab and assuming it to be symmetrically loaded in order to determine the location of the loaded forklift truck that produced the most severe or "worst case" loading condition. locations studied are shown in Fig. 4.1. The
As the maximum values of
deflection, stress, bending moment and shear force are critical for the design, locations where maximum values of these design parameters occurred were identified. The values were then converted into
fractions with respect to values obtained at the first or "benchmark" location. Because of their relevance, only these
maximum values from the "benchmark" location were tabulated and are included in the text (Tables 4.5 and 4.6). However, the values of the design parameters obtained at all 15 locations shown in Fig. 4.1 are included in Appendix D for reference by the interested reader. These results were then carefully analyzed to arrive at the most critical location which will produce the largest combination of values for all the design parameters. Based on the analysis for
aisle width of 10 ft, location 12 was used for forklift loading alone, and location 14 was used for the combined (stack plus forklift) loading. Similarly, for aisle width of 15 ft, location 6 was
used for forklift loading alone, and location 5 for the combined (stack plus forklift) loading. A separate study was also accomplished with the forklift directed or oriented along the aisle, as well as oriented perpendicular to the aisle as in loading or unloading from the stack (Fig. 4.2). The results of this study were then normalized with respect
to values obtained with the forklift oriented along the aisle, and
62
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50 ft AISLE WIDTH = 10 ft
Figure 4 . 1 : Locations of Forklift for Quasi-static Analysis
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65
AISLE
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11
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AISLE
STACK LOADING 1 ALONG AISLE 2 PERPENDICULAR T O AISLE
Figure 4.2: F o r k l i f t Along and Perpendicular to Aisle
AISLE
|1
are included in Table 4.7.
66 As can be seen, the values obtained with
the forklift truck oriented perpendicular to the aisle (as if it were loading or unloading the stack) are greater than when the forklift is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the aisle. Therefore, the study was conducted with the forklift truck perpendicular to the aisle. It was also found that the values obtained
for forklift trucks facing the stack with both sides of the aisle loaded was lower than when there was no load behind the forklift due to stacks; however, analysis for forklift loadings was carried out with both sides of the aisle being loaded as it is wery difficult to generalize such a situation. 4.4.4 Aisle Width Between Stacks
An aisle is a passage between stacks, provided to permit movement of forklift trucks which are used to handle the material stored. The width of the aisle provided is governed by the turning
radius of the forklift in use and also by the storage requirements. Aisle widths of 5 ft, 10 ft, and 15 ft were used in the study because they are known to be commonly used in warehouses. Although
an aisle width of 5 ft does not permit passage of most forklifts, it was used in this study as a lower bound to understand the influence of aisle width on results for stack loading conditions alone. 4.5 Accomplishment of Parametric Study
The parametric study was accomplished with the aid of the finite element program SLAB4, described in Chapter 2. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) analysis with stack loading alone.
67
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68 (2) analysis with forklift loading alone, and (3) analysis with stack plus forklift loading. These assumptions were made for the study: 1. 2. 3. be used. 4. Since the slab will not be exposed to severe weather, there The slab is monolithic and of constant thickness. The slab is in full contact with the subgrade at all times. The slab is subjected to maximum loading and symmetry could
will be no significant temperature differential across the thickness of the slab. Also, perimeter (structural) loading was not conThe reason it was not considered because the
sidered in this study.
exterior wall loads are typically carried directly by continuous perimeter footings and generally the slab is isolated from these footings by isolation joints. Because of symmetry, only the top The longest (length)
right quadrant of the slab was analyzed.
dimension of the slab was always assumed to be along the y-axis. The slab was discretized into rectangular elements with aspect ratios less than three, as larger aspect ratios gave unreasonable values for the design parameters. Comparison of results for similar
problems with different aspect ratios of element is included in Appendix E. For more details on computer code, input information,
the reader is referred to the user's guide to SLAB4, given in Appendix A. With these basic assumptions, the parametric study was conducted in a systematic manner. Although the reasons for and
selected ranges of values of parameters have already been discussed,
69 they have been summarized for convenient reference in Table 4.8. The parametric study was conducted over the range of values for parameters indicated in Table 4.8. It was accomplished by varying
one parameter at a time in a specific manner for the three loading conditions, thereby including all possible combinations. indicated schematically in Figures 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5. The scope of the study used in the overall problem analysis and subsequent development of the equations was quite extensive. study included a total of 618 cases for all three loading conditions. The values of the several design parameters as calThe This is
culated by the computer code for each of the 618 cases studied are included in Appendix F. The results of this analysis included
values of deflections, bending stresses, bending moments and shear forces. Deflections, bending moments and shear forces were listed
both in the order of finite element nodes and in the ascending order of magnitude in the computer output for each problem. The results
also included the twenty greatest ratios of differential deflection over distance (distance between corresponding nodes). However, only
the absolute maximum values of these design parameters were used in the regression analysis described in Chapter 5.
70
Table 4.8:
Values of Parameters Used in the Parametric Study
Parameter Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Poisson's Ratio of Concrete Modlulus of Elasticity of Soil Poisson's Ratio of Soil Slab Length Slab Width Slab Thickness Aisle Width Wheel Spacing Stack Loading Forklift Loading
Symbol
Unit psi
Value 3,000,000 0.15
psi
V
1500, 7500 ,15000 0.40
s L W h
ft ft
50, 150, 50, 100,
250 200
in.
ft ft
4, 6, 8, 10 5, 10, 15
w S
2.5, 3.26,
2, 4, 8
3.5
Ps Pf
psi psi
75, 103,
178
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CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF REGRESSION EQUATIONS 5.1 Introduction
The results of the parametric study described in Chapter 4 included deflections, bending stresses, bending moments and shear forces. Having acquired all of this information, the next step was
to relate the design parameters as dependent variables to other parameters involved, such as slab length, slab width, slab thickness, etc., as independent variables. To do this, a regression
analysis, which is a statistical technique for modeling and investigating the relationship between two or more variables was used. The details of the regression analysis are described in the
following sections. 5.2 Regression Analysis
Regression analysis was accomplished using a select calling computer program (18,23). The program is designed for variable The selection proce-
selection in least squares regression models.
dure is the Hocking-LaMotte-Leslie method as implemented in LaMotte's select subroutine. Select subroutine is the core of this
program and the method used guarantees selection of the minimum mean square error (MSE) model. The program may read or generate a Variables may be
variable pool not to exceed 80 variables. 74
75 generated or ^read directly by a user written subroutine named "INPUT." Various output options are available to the user. The
result is either a linear equation of the form:
y = a^ + ^^1 ^ h \
By = a^x^ X2 Bp X3 B.-
^
B. x^. "
^ S-î
f^-^'
or a logarithmic equation of the form: (5.2)
For more information on the regression analysis, the reader is referred to References 18 and 23. 5.3 Development of Regression Equations
The regression analysis was carried out by representing the following parameters as independent variables: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Slab length, L, ft Slab width, W, ft Slab thickness, h, ft Modulus of elasticity of soil, E , ksf Aisle width between stacks, A , ft Stack loading, p , ksf Forklift loading, p., ksf Wheel spacing, S, ft
and the following design parameters, one by one, as dependent variables: 1. 2. 3. Maximum differential deflection, A Maximum bending stress in x-direction, a^ Maximum bending stress in y-directi on, o
76 4. 5. Maximum shear force in x-direction, V, Maximum shear force in y-directi on, V

X
The variables are read directly with the aid of an INPUT subroutine. study. The logarithmic regression, Eq. (5.2), was used in this 3 -3 to 10 .
The magnitude of variables ranged from about 10
If the linear regression (Eq. 5.1) was used, the importance of _3 variables with magnitudes of 10 would be very much suppressed by variables with larger magnitudes. In order to avoid this problem,
the logarithm of the variable value was used to bring the magnitude of each variable to within a unit, whereby the importance of one variable will not override the importance of another just because of magnitude. Correlation coefficients for a linear regression were in
the order of 0.55 compared to 0.98 for a logarithmic regression, indicating that the logarithmic regression is more suited for the data on hand. Therefore, in the INPUT subroutine, the variables
were first converted to a consistent system of units (kips and feet) and then converted in terms of their logarithms (base 10) before being used for the regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis include regression on the full model, along with optimal regression for a specified number of subset sizes. For this study, as an input parameter, the number This means after regression
of subset sizes was specified as four.
on the full model, the program will eliminate variables one by one in a specific manner up to four variables and regress on the remaining variables. These results, along with the corresponding corre-
lation coefficients are used in deciding on an appropriate model to
77 represent the data. Analysis of all these results for this study indicated a decrease in the value of correlation coefficient with fewer variables, reinforcing the fact that all variables considered are important in the thickness design of industrial floor slabs and need to be included. Therefore, the results of the regression on
the full model alone have been taken into account. Regression equations (stack loading condition alone) were developed by considering (1) ratio of loaded area to area of slab instead of aisle width, (2) ratio of loaded area to area of slab for cases with stacks back to back, (3) aisle width for cases with stacks back to back, (4) lesser data sets (deleting data sets with radical values of design parameters), (5) thickness h, in inches, (6) no thickness, etc. These equations were not superior (based on
correlation coefficient) to those reported in this section; on the contrary, in some cases they were found to be far less superior. Therefore, none of these equations have been included here. For the
design procedure, stress equations were found to be suitable and easy to compare directly with the allowable value. the stress equations have been included in the text. Therefore, only However,
equations for bending moments for all three loading conditions were developed and are included in Appendix G. Also, if a reinforced
floor slab is contemplated, the moment equations could be used to determine the design moments. The study was carried out for the three loading conditions and, therefore, there are three sets of equations involved. Equations
78 are listed by the loading condition and in turn by the dependent variables in the following sections. Stack Loading Condition (L)0.44 ()0.62 (^,0.20 ^^ ^0.78 A = (0.47) 5 (E ,0.99 ( )0.29 ^
^ s' ^ w'
(5.3)
(L)0.14 (y)O.Ol (^,0.30 ( )0.27 ( ,0.97 ^ a = (EJ(1026) !! ! 5 (5.4) (,^,0.74
()0.18 (^,0.59 ( o = (EJ(30,045)

y y (L}0-*s
(E/-^^
,0.91 5
(Ajo-18
(5.5)
(,)0.30 (,)1.82 ( ,0.02 ( ,0.98 V^ = (E J(15.14) ^ ^ 5
(5.6)
()0.09(,)1.83( )0.74 V = (E )(1467)^ y y (,)0.83 (,^)0.57 (,^,0.44
(5.7)
Forklift Loading Condition
(L)-21 (W)O-" (h)-^l A= (0.12)
(,,)''' (5-8)
(,^,0.98 (,y.21 (s)1.81
79
(L)-l^ {h)0-30 (pj2-04 a = (E )(22.25) 1 {W)0-OÊjO-72 (A )0-02 (s)2.04

J w
/ c QX ^^'^^
(W)-0^ (h)0-34 (pj2-39 a = (E ){347.71) 1 ^ {L)0-15 (EjO-72 (A )0-51 (s)3.48

w W
(5 J Q )
(,)0.28 (,^1.80 ( )0.52 ( ,2.80 V^ = (E )(13.33) "H 'J. (L)0-21 (E )0-57 (s)3.96
(5.11)
(L)C.03 (,)0.11 (,)1.90 ( .0.22 ( ,2.13 ^ \ = (EJ(0.19) i ^ f ' ' (E^)^-^^ (S)2-64 Stack Plus Forklift Loading Condition
(5.12)
(,^0.41 (,^0.62 (,)0.19 )0.15 ( 0 . 7 0 ( ^0.19 ^ (0.12) ^ 5 ^ ( )0.97 (3)0.26
(5.13)
(L)0.25(,)0.02(,)0.14()1.02()0.55 (3)1.81 a^ = (EJ(10.17) "^ ^ (,^)0.69 (p^)0.08
(5.14)
(,)0.06 (,)0.18 ( )0.70 ( ,0.50 (^0.68 (3^0.42 a = (E )(131.92) "^ ^ 'y y (L)-28 (E^)0-'2
(5.15) ^ ^
80
)0.39,0.23)1.77(,0.81(,0.66(
,0.21,5,1.29
V, = (EJ(C.03)
(5.16)
(,0.01 (,,1.79 (, ,0.84 ( ,0.59 , ,0.84 ,s,0.19
V = (EJ(3.09)
y y
! !
(5.17)
,,,0.48(^^,0.59
where L = length of slab, ft W = width of slab, ft h = thickness of slab, ft A = aisle width between stacks, ft w E = modulus of elasticity of soil, ksf s p = stack loading, ksf p^ = forklift loading, ksf S = wheel spacing, ft E = modulus factor in x-direction x E = modulus factor in y-directi on A = maximum differential deflection, ft a
X
= maximum bending stress in x-direction, kips/ft = maximum bending stress in y-direction, kips/ft
X
2 2
V = maximum shear force in x-direction, kips/ft V = maximum shear force in. y-direction, kips/ft y x-direction corresponds to short direction (width) of slab y-direction corresponds to long direction (length) of slab
81 5.4 Discussion on Regression Equations Regression equations in terms of independent parameters have been developed based on studies conducted. A brief discussion
relating to the importance of a parameter in an equation, its position in the equation, and the reasoning behind it, are included here. The relative significance of a parameter in an equation is measured by the magnitude of its regression coefficient or exponent in the equation. For example, in Eq. (5.3) the most significant
variable would be the modulus of elasticity of soil with an exponent of 0.99 and the least significant parameter would be the thickness of the slab with an exponent of 0.20. Although exponents of magnitude less than 0.1 can be considered to be insignificant and the corresponding parameters excluded from the equations, they have been included so that the user will feel that all the variables of significance have been considered and included. Therefore, the user
does not have to contemplate on the relative significance of a parameter, but could directly use it in the equation. The position
of the parameter (whether it is in the numerator or in the denominator) relates whether it would increase or decrease the magnitude of the design parameter, corresponding to an increase or decrease in its magnitude. In Eq. (5.3) slab length, slab width, slab thickness
and stack load are in the numerator, implying that an increase in their magnitude will cause the magnitude of maximum differential deflection to increase, whereas an increase in the magnitude of modulus of elasticity of soil and aisle width would tend to decrease
82 the maximum differential deflection. The reason for this is that larger slabs are more flexible, i.e., deflect more; thicker slabs contribute to greater deflection (due to different model responses involved), and stack loadings add to the deflection. On the other
hand, as the soil gets stiffer, i.e., greater modulus of elasticity, the magnitude of deflection decreases. Also, as the stacks are
placed further apart, i.e., greater aisle width, the magnitude of deflection midway of aisle width decreases. Equations for design parameters in the x and y directions exhibit a certain trend due to plate action. For design parameters
in the x-direction (short direction), an increase in slab length would increase the magnitude of the design parameters; whereas for parameters in the y-direction (long direction), an increase in the magnitude of slab length would decrease their magnitude. This
appears to be logical as the aspect ratio of the entire slab increases, magnitudes of design parameters in the x-direction would increase and those in the y-direction would decrease. However,
there appears to be exceptions to this general rule in Eqs. (5.4), (5.11), (5.12), (5.14) and (5.16). In Eqs. (5.4), (5.12) and
(5.14), the exponents of variables (W, L and W, respectively) are less than 0,1, indicating that they very well could be in the denominator. Also, an exponent less than 0.1 indicates that the
variable is of no great significance to the equation and that it would not change the magnitude of the design parameter significantly (in Eq. (5.4) when W = 100 ft, (W)-^ = 1.047 and when W = 300 ft, (H)O-Ol = 1.059), so as not to cause any serious error. However, in
83 Eqs. (5.11) and (5.16), this could be attributed to data used from the analysis of slabs with aspect ratio of 1. In Eq. (5.14) the forklift loading appears in the denominator instead of the numerator, implying that an increase in its magnitude would decrease the magnitude of the design parameter. This is due
to the reduction in deflections and bending moments in aisles as a result of forklift loading at the same location in certain cases. An identical finding is reported by Panak (30). The correlation coefficient, expressed as "R-squared," measures how well the regression model fits the data. R-squared values near
zero are expected for completely random data, whereas an R-squared value of 1.0 would imply all data to fall evenly about the curve of best fit. R-squared values for the regression equations resulting
from the analysis of the various SLAB4 data sets are listed in Table 5.1 and indicate equations provide a good to very good fit. 5.5 Limitations of Using the Regression Equations
The equations presented in Section 5.3 are for thickness design of industrial floor slabs subjected to normal loadings anticipated in a warehouse. These equations have been developed based on Therefore, it is essential
certain assumptions and considerations.
that the limitations on the validity of these equations be clearly understood before attempting to use them. developing these equations are: 1. Stacks are 5 ft wide when access is from one side alone, The assumptions made in
and/or 10 ft wide when access is from both sides.
1 m 'I
84
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ift Load ing
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85 2. Stacks are assumed to be continuous and parallel to the
long dimension of the slab. 3. Concentrated loads due to rack posts cause only a punching
shear problem which is not considered here. 4. Stresses caused at edges due to moving loads and high stack
loads are recognized but have not been considered here (as these could not be considered on an individual basis). 5. 6. Aisle width is considered to be uniform. Forklift truck is assumed to operate only in the aisles,
even when the slab is unloaded. Other features that need to be recognized are: 1. A unit analysis on these equations will not yield conven-
tional units for bending stress, shear force or differential deflection. This appears to be an inherent problem when using
regression analysis to develop equations, but the unit "problem" is accommodated in the coefficient of regression equation. 2. Input values of all parameters must be in consistent units Substituting parameters into equations in any
of kips and feet.
units other than in kips and feet will produce incorrect results. However, if units of pounds and inches, for example, are desired, the conversion must be made after obtaining solutions to the regression equations. 3. It should be recognized that the equations have been
developed using parameters over a range of magnitudes typically encountered in warehouses. Therefore, the equations will only For values
predict reliable values for ranges given in Table 4.8.
86 outside the ranges indicated in Table 4.8, the equations may not give reasonable results. 5.6 Analysis of the Regression Equations
A number of examples were worked out using the regression equations presented in Section 5.3. The results obtained and the
observations made during this exercise are discussed in detail below. As a first step, the reliability of the regression equations was established. As was reported in Section 2.4, the reliability of
the results of an analysis using the finite element program SLAB4 was established by Huang (19) by comparing results predicted by the program to field measurements. The results obtained by Huang using
the program were shown to compare reasonably well with experimental measurements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results from
the analyses used in developing the equations reported in this study also can be considered to be reasonable reliably and that the equations themselves will be equally reliable. However, as a check
on the ability of the regression equations to reproduce the data used in their formulation, results (deflections, moments and shear forces) from approximately fifteen cases (formed 3 to 18 percent of the total cases analyzed for the different loading conditions) of computer analyses were compared to those predicted by the regression equations. The results were then plotted as shown in Fig. 5.1. As
can be seen, the points plot reasonably well about the 1:1 line indicating that the equations represent the results of the analyses reasonably well. Thus, having shown the equations to produce
87
CO
< <
cr
LiJ
h-
o o
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
REGRESSION EQUATION FOR MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL DEFLECTION
1000
2000
3000
4000
REGRESSION EQUATION FOR MAXIMUM STRESS IN X-DIRECTION

Figure 5.1: Comparison Between Computer Analysis and Regression Equations
T^
88 acceptable results, examples were worked out to analyze the predictions from these equations. equations is discussed below. Magnitude of the various parameters used are as follows: Slab length, L = 250 ft Slab width, W Aisle width, A = 125 ft = 10 ft An example used to analyze the
Modulus of elasticity of soil, E = 1805 psi = 260 ksf s Stack loading, p = 8 psi = 1.152 ksf Forklift loading, p^ = 110 psi = 15.84 ksf Wheel spacing, S = 37 in. = 3.08 ft Concrete compressive strength, f' = 5000 psi Factor of safety, FS = 1.5 Allowable tensile stress, F. = 7.5 ^ FS Allowable shear stress, v = 4 \ ^ = 188.56 psi = 27.15 ksf = 353.55 psi = 50.91 ksf
Concrete modulus of elasticity factors: E

X
= 0.0167 V 5 0 M + 0.1208 = 1.30

= 0 . 0 1 4 1 VFOOO'+ 0 . 2 5 6 5 = 1.25
y The design parameters for the three loading conditions, assuming a slab thickness, h, of 4 in. were found to be: Stack Loading Condition a
X
= 76.42 ksf > 50.91 ksf = 26.04 ksf < 50.91 ksf
N.G. O.K.
a y
'^m
89 V = 0.23 ksf < 27.15 ksf O.K.
Forklift Loadino Condition a^ = 16.39 ksf < 50.91 ksf a, = 13.12 ksf < 50.91 ksf
y
O.K. O.K. O.K.
V =
6.65 ksf < 27.15 ksf
Stack Plus Forklift Loading Condition a a = 74.37 ksf > 50.91 ksf = 39.63 ksf < 50.91 ksf V = 0.20 ksf < 27.15 ksf N.G. O.K. O.K.
As the 4 in. thick slab was found to be insufficient for the stack loading condition and stack plus forklift loading condition, the slab thickness was increased to 6 in. The stresses in a 6 in. thick
slab for the three loading conditions were found to be greater than those in the 4 in. thick slab. This will appear to be contrary to
what one would intuitively expect, but Panak reported an identical finding (30). Panak reports that as the slab thickness increases, bending moments and stresses also increase (bending moment being a product of bending stiffness and curvature). One reason for this is
at the stack-aisle interface there is a reversal in bending moments and, as the slab gets thicker, the values of the bending moments increase. To the contrary, a thinner or more flexible slab will be Panak (30) reports that
able to accommodate this reversal better.
while the phenomenon of moment and stress reductions seems to lead to the conclusion that a very thin slab is ideal for uniform loading, the necessity for forklifts and trucks to operate on the slab and the presence of cracks due to shrinkage and other causes
90 limit the advantage to be gained. But he does not discuss the
effect of increasing thickness for forklift loading on the stresses due to uniform loading. Results of other procedures discussed in
Section 1.3 indicate that for the forklift loading (which do not discuss uniform loading condition either), as the slab thickness increases, stresses decrease. modeling of the subgrade. This is due to the difference in
The other procedures model the subgrade
as a Winkler foundation rather than an elastic half-space and use a single value for the modulus of subgrade reaction. With such a
model, as the slab becomes more rigid, the deflection becomes more uniform (tending toward rigid body motion) and, therefore, result in lower bending moments and stresses. It is also not known if the
other procedures take into account the additional load due to the increased weight of the slab (due to increased thickness) or consider the additional thickness for stiffness calculations alone. This increase in values of design parameters with an increase in thickness was observed in all the examples attempted. However,
for every problem, there is a certain "threshold" value of soil modulus below which even slab thicknesses in excess of 10 inches will not provide acceptable results for the given loading. For
values of soil modulus above this "threshold" value, any thickness (4 <^h i l O in.) of slab will provide acceptable stresses. above findings with the example problem discussed above are summarized in Table 5.2. The
T^
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CHAPTER 6 DESIGN PROCEDURE USING THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS 6.1 Introduction
A step-by-step procedure is presented in this chapter to assist the user in using the regression equations. Parameters considered
to be important in the thickness design of industrial floor slabs are presented in Chapter 4 and the regression equations for maximum bending stresses, maximum shear forces, and maximum differential deflection for stack loading, forklift loading, and stack plus forklift loading conditions are presented in Chapter 5. The design process begins with the determination of field conditions and the required site preparation. As this step is
critical to a successful design of an industrial floor slab, a brief introduction to a soils investigation is presented in the following section. 6.2 Soils Investigation
A soils investigation at the proposed site should be conducted to determine: (1) type or types of soil at the site, (2) depths and
distribution of each soil type, (3) consistency of clay soils and density of granular soils, and (4) modulus of elasticity of the soils.
92
93 The modulus of elasticity of soil which was shown in Chapter 5 to be the most important of the parameters, can be determined by using the unconfined compression test which has been recommended in Chapter 3 as the most practical and economical means of evaluating this property of the soil. If cohesionless soils are encountered,
then the second choice, namely the standard penetration test, may be used. However, it is left to the judgment of the geotechnical
engineer to decide on a testing procedure based on availability, types of soil present and site conditions. It is also left to the
judgment of the geotechnical engineer to decide on the locations and types of soil to be tested so as to provide realistic values for the design. Further, it is recommended that special preparation of the site be carried out if unstable soil conditions are present. 6.3 Safety Factor
A safety factor is incorporated into a design procedure to account for deviations that are bound to occur between conception and completion. The selection of a value to use as safety factor
depends on other assumptions, but should result in a design that is reasonably conservative but not excessively so. With this concept, various design procedures use different values for safety factors for different loading conditions. But all
of the values fall within the range between 1.25 and 2.0 (32), where a safety factor of 2 is generally used for unlimited repetitions of wheel loads. For normal warehouse conditions, safety factors in the In the design examples using the
range between 1.4 to 1.7 are used.
94 regression equations in Appendix I and Appendix J, a safety factor of 1 has been assumed. 6.4 Design Procedure
The first step towards design would be to gather information regarding the soil, structural and utility parameters described in Chapter 4. Also, the compressive strength of concrete, f , and the
allowable tensile stress of the concrete, f., need to be specified. Slabs of irregular shape (e.g., L-shaped) should be divided into rectangles and each rectangle designed individually. The design process begins by first considering the stack loading condition. 1. The design steps are as follows: Based on construction
Assume a trial slab thickness.
practices, it is recommended that it would not be practical to construct such a floor slab less than 4 in. thick (33). Therefore, as a starting point, the trial slab thickness could be assumed as 4 in. 2. Calculate the allowable tensile stress from (1), (6.1)
f. 11 KT = 7.5^71 t allowable c where f ' = compressive strengh of concrete, psi 3.
Maximum shear force was found to occur under the load and Therefore, it can be assumed to be a
toward the middle of the slab.
two-way action and the maximum allowable shear stress for two-way action is determined using (1)
y
c where V c
= ^ \rr'
c
(6.2)
= maximum allowable shear stress, psi
95 f^ = compressive strength of concrete, psi 4. Calculate the stress that the slab would experience in both
directions due to the known imposed loads using Eqs.(5.4) and (5.5.) If the allowable value is exceeded, then consider improving the subgrade (with higher modulus of elasticity value) or increasing the required strength of concrete, namely, f;. Analysis presented in
Chapter 5 showed that if the soil modulus is inadequate, that even slab thicknesses in excess of 10 in. will not satisfy bending stress requirements. 5. Calculate expected maximum shear force in each direction in
the section using Eqs. (5.6) and (5.7). 6. Calculate the maximum design shear stress using V 1000 v = b;d^-l44 where V = maximum design shear stress, psi V = maximum shear force, kips/ft b = minimum perimeter = (1 + 2d) x 4, ft (6.3)
d = effective depth = 0.8h, ft h = thickness of slab, ft If the maximum design shear stress value is greater than the maximum allowable shear stress, then consider improving the subgrade or increasing the required strength of concrete, namely, f'. Analysis
presented in Chapter 5 showed that increasing the slab thickness will not solve the problem.
96 7. Following the same procedure, check the adequacy of the section for forklift loading condition and stack plus forklift loading condition. 8. If there is a limit on the allowable differential deflec-
tion for the floor slab, calculate the maximum differential deflections for the three loading conditions using Eqs. (5.3), (5.8), (5.13) and compare it to the allowable value. If this
allowable value is exceeded, then consider improving the subgrade, as increasing the thickness will not solve the problem. A design example illustrating the procedure is included in Appendix I. Also, a comparison of the required slab thickness
resulting from the equations to the required slab thicknesses from three other methods has been made and shown in Table 6.1. Details
of design steps of the other procedures are included in Appendix H. The design example used to illustrate the PCA method (28) has been worked out using the regression equations in Appendix J to make a one-to-one comparison between the two. However, such a one-to-one
comparison was not possible with Panak's method (29,30) and the Corps of Engineers method (4,13,14) because some of the variables in the examples fell outside the ranges indicated in Table 4.8. The design procedure presented here is for the required thickness of the slab section to satisfy the expected service loading conditions. However, to control shrinkage cracking it is often
recommended (13) to provide 0.10 percent (of the cross-sectional area) distribution steel in both directions.
97
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to to CU S- to OJ iQi 3
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Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 Introduction
The principal objective which initiated the work presented here was to develop a design or analysis procedure which would: 1. 2. Be rational. Be capable of producing values of bending stress, shear
force, and differential deflection resulting from expected service loads. 3. 4. Be applicable to all industrial floor design in general. Be easy to use.
There are certain limitations to the work presented here. A brief discussion of these limitations are included. Conclusions
based on analysis of the regression equations presented in Chapter 5 are also summarized here. 7.2 7.2.1 Conclusions Rational Procedure
All the properties needed for the equations presented in Chapter 5 can be either directly measured or computed and none have to be assumed.
98
. .
99 7.2.2 Specific Design Values
The design equations developed in Chapter 5 and incorporated into the design procedure in Chapter 6 will produce values of bending stress, shear force, and differential deflection. By this it is meant that these values can be directly compared with the allowable values, whereas in the other existing procedures it is not possible to study the variation in any of these design parameters corresponding to a change in any of the parameters discussed in Chapter 4. These procedures yield only the thickness required for a
particular set of parameters. 7.2.3 General Application
The procedure presented herein was not developed for a specific problem or by considering only specific values for parameters and, therefore, facilitates its use for a wide range (within those indicated in Table 4.8) of parameters. These values (values of
design parameters) are not dependent on any type of reinforcing system and therefore can also be used to design a reinforced or a post-tensioned floor slab. 7.2.4 Ease of Use
The equations are simple, easy to use, and can be easily programmed for a personal computer or a hand calculator. 7.2.5 Limitations
As discussed in section 5.5, the equations developed here have been based on certain assumptions, which were made in order to facilitate the analysis. The assumptions made should be clearly
1 in
100 understood before attempting to use the equations. Also, the equations were developed by considering a wide range of values for parameters. Therefore, it should be recognized that the use of
these equations for values of parameters outside the limits given in Table 4.8 will likely yield unreasonable results. 7.2.6 1. Conclusions Based on Analysis of the Regression Equations
At any given value of soil modulus, with all other
parameters held constant, bending stress is shown to increase as slab thickness increases. 2. Above some "threshold" value of soil modulus, any thickness
of slab will prove to be acceptable with respect to bending stress (4 h l O in., E^ 15,000 psi). 3. Below this "threshold" value of soil modulus, no slab
thickness ( 4 ^ h 10 in.) will provide acceptable results. 4. Conclusions 2 and 3 are contingent upon the given set of
parameters, i.e., the "threshold" value of soil modulus varies with the magnitudes of the parameters and, thus, the "threshold" value is not a constant value from one problem to the next. 5. Conclusion 1 is consistent with the previously reported
findings of Panak. 6. With all other parameters held constant, as the value of
soil modulus increases, the resulting bending stresses decrease. Further, as the value of soil modulus increases, the magnitude of the resulting bending stress becomes less sensitive to variations of the ratio of E /h.
101 7. From analyzing the same problem where the only varying
parameters are slab thickness and soil modulus, increasing slab thickness will not result in an acceptable design if the problem exceeds the allowable bending stress at a given value of soil modulus. This is due solely to the increase in section stiffness The only way to
resulting from an increase in slab thickness.
reduce bending stress at any given slab thickness (assuming all other parameters are held constant) is to improve the value of soil modulus. 7.3 Recommendations
As with any research work, the work presented here has room for improvement. Based on the experience gained from this study, the
following recommendations are made: 1. Units of design parameters, namely bending stress, shear
force and differential deflection produced by the regression equations are not of the conventional form typically expected, i.e., a 2 dimensional analysis would not strictly result in units of F/L for stress, e.g. kips/ft^. This is due to the use of regression
analysis to derive the equations (which considers only the numerical values and not the units for the solution). It should be recognized
that the unit "problem" is accommodated (or accounted for) in the coefficient of the regression equation. Thus, it is y/ery important
that only the units specified in Chapter 5 be used in solving the equations. If other units are desired, the conversion must be made If this
following the solution of the equation and not before.
inconsistency in units is not desired, then it is recommended that
102 the design equations be developed in terms of nondimensional parameters. 2. Constant thickness monolithic slabs alone were considered
and, therefore, the design parameters at an edge need to be fully analyzed. procedure. 3. The forklift loading analysis was a quasi-static analysis. This analysis would improve the flexibility of this
This approach was taken to save computer time without sacrificing principles of statics or dynamics. However, for future use in a
similar analysis, it is recommended a table of values of design parameters be developed for various loadings, locations, dimensions, soil conditions and properties. 4. The work presented here needs to be extended to include
larger stack and forklift loading.
LIST OF REFERENCES 1. American Concrete Institute, "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete," ACI Committee 318, September 1983. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. American Concrete Institute, "Recommended Practice for Concrete Floor Slab Construction," ACI Committee 302, August 1968. American Concrete Institute, "Manual of Concrete Practice, "Floor and Slab Construction," Part 1, 1978, pp. 302-303. American Concrete Institute, "Design of Slabs on Grade: of the Art," Preliminary Draft, 1984. State
Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1968. Brown, P.T. and Gibson, R.E., "Surface Settlement of a Deep Elastic Column Whose Modulus Increases Linearly with Depth," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1972, pp. 467-476. Building Research Advisory Board, "National Research Council Criteria for Selection and Design of Residential Slabs-on-Ground," U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Publication No. 1571, 1968. Cheung, Y.K. and Zienkiewicz, O . C , "Plates and Tanks on Elastic Foundations--An Application of Finite Element Method," International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 1, 1965, pp. 451-461. Clegg, B., "Design Compatible Control of Basecourse Construction," Australian Road Research 13(2), June 1983, pp. 112-22. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Design Handbook, 1968, pp. 426. Crossley, Robert W. and Beckwith, George H., "Subgrade Elastic Modulus for Arizona Pavements," Executive Summary submitted to Arizona Dept. of Transportation, Highways Division, March 1978.
7.
8.
9.
10. 11.
103
104 12. Department of the Army, "Rigid Pavement for Roads, Streets Walks and Open Storage Areas," Technical Manual No. 5-822-6 April 1969. Department of the Army, "Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads," Technical Manual 5-809-12, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, April Department of the Army, "Engineering and Design of Pavement for Roads, Streets, Walks and Open Storage Areas," Technical Manual TM 5-822-6, April 1977. Frazer, B.E. and Wardle, L.J., "The Analysis of Stiffened Raft Foundations on Expansive Soil," Proceedings, Symposium on Recent Developments of the Analysis of Soil Behaviour and Their Application to Geotechnical Structures, University of New South Wales, Kensington, N.S.W., Australia, July 1975, pp. 89-98. Gibson, R.E., "Some Results Concerning Displacements and Stresses in a Non-Homogeneous Elastic Half Space," Geotechnique 17, 1967, pp. 58-67. Hetenyi, M., "Beams on Elastic Foundations," The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1946. Hocking, R.R. and Leslie, R.N., "Selection of the Best Subset in Regression Analysis," Technometrics, Vol. 9, 1967, pp. 531-540. Huang, Y.H., "Finite Element Analysis of Slabs on Elastic Solids," Transportation Engineering Journal, May 1974, pp. 403-416. Huang, Y.H., "Analysis of Symmetrically Loaded Slab on Elastic Solid," Technical Notes, Transportation Engineering Journal, May 1974, pp. 537-541. Hudson, William R. and Hudson, M., "Discrete Element Analysis for Discontinuous Plates," Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, October 1968, pp. 2257-2279. Lambe, T. W. and Whitman, R. V., Soil Mechanics, SI Version, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons. LaMotte, L.R. and Hocking, R.R., "Computational Efficiency in the Selection of Regression Variables," Technometrics, Vol. 12, 1970, pp. 83-93.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. 18.
19.
20.
21.
22. 23.
IF^
24.
105 Lukas, R.G. and de Bussey, B. L., "Pressuremeter and Laboratory Test Correlations for Clays," Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, No. GT9, Vol. 102, September 1976, pp. 945-962. ^^ Lytton, R.L., "Design Criteria for Residential Slabs and Grillage Rafts on Reactive Clay," Report for the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Applied Geomechanics, Melbourne, Australia, November 1970. Madhav, M.R. and Ramakrishna, K.S., "Undrained Modulus from Vane Shear Test," Technical Note, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 103, No. GTll, November 1977, pp. 1337-1340. Packard, R.G., "Computer Program for Airport Pavement Design," SR029P, Portland Cement Association, 1967. Packard, R.G., "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade," IS 195.OlD, Portland Cement Association, 1976. Panak, J.J., McCullough F.B. and Treybig, H. J., "Design Procedure for Industrial Slabs Reinforced with Welded Wire Fabric," an interim report prepared for the Wire Reinforcement Institute by Austin Research Engineers, Inc., March 1973. Panak, J.J. and Rauhut, J.B., "Behavior and Design of Industrial Slabs on Grade," American Concrete Institute Journal, May 1975, pp. 219-224. Pickett, G., "A Study of Stresses in the Corner Region of Concrete Pavement Slabs Under Large Corner Loads," Concrete Pavement Design, Portland Cement Association, 1951, pp. 77-86. Pierce, D.M., "A Numerical Method of Analyzing Prestressed Concrete Members Containing Unbonded Tendons," Dissertation presented to the University of Texas at Austin, Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1968. Rice, P.F., "Design of Concrete Floors on Ground for Warehouse Loadings," Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 29, No. 2, August 1957, pp. 105-113. Ringo, B.C., "Desian, Construction and Performance of Slabson-Grade for an Industry," American Concrete Institute Journal, 1978, pp. 594-602.
25.
26.
27. 28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
>< '
106 35. Ringo, B.C., "Planning, Design and Construction of Slabs on Grade," Design of Industrial Floors, American Concrete Institute, SCM-5, 1983. Ringo, B.C. and Steenken, J.M., "Industrial Floor Slabs: A Thickness Solution," American Concrete Institute, COM 1/83, 1983. Schmertmann, J.H., "Static Cone to Compute Static Settlement Over Sand," Proceedings, American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations, Vol. 96, SM3, 1011, May 1970. Simons, N., "Settlement Studies on Two Structures in Norway," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, 1957, p. 431. Singer, F.L., Strength of Materials, 2nd Edition, Harper and Row, New York, 1962. Spear, R.E., "Concrete Floors on Ground," Portland Cement Association Journal, 1978. Stroud, M.A., "Standard Penetration Test in Insensitive Clays and Soft Rocks," Proceedings of the European Symposium on Penetration Testing, Stockholm, June 1974, pp. 367. Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B., Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1948. Timoshenko, S. and Woinowsky-krieger, S., Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1968. Timoshenko, S. and Goodier, J.N., "Theory of Elasticity," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1951. Vantil, C.J., McCullough, B.F., Vallerga, B.A. and Hicks. R.G., "Evaluation of AASHO Interim Guides for Design of Pavement Structures," NCHRP Rep. 128, Highway Res. Board, 1972. Walsh, P.F., "The Design of Residential Slabs-on-Ground," Division of Building Research Technical Paper No. 5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Highett, Victoria (Australia), 1974. Wang, S.K., Sargious, M.A., and Cheung, Y.K., "Advanced Analysis of Rigid Pavements," Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Transportation Engineering Journal, February 1972, pp. 37-44.
36.
37.
38.
39. 40. 41.
42. 43. 44. 45.
46.
47.
48.
107 Westergaard, H.M., "Computation of Stresses in Concrete Roads," Proceedings, Highway Research Board, Vol. 5, Part I, 1925, pp. 90-112. Westergaard, H.M., "Stress Concentrations in Plates Loaded Over Small Areas," American Society of Civil Engineers, Transactions, Paper No. 2197, 1943. Williams, C.E. and Focht, J.A. Ill, "Initial Response of Foundations on Stiff Clay," ASCE National Convention, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 1982. Williams, C.E. "Initial Response of Foundations on Mixed Stratigraphies," Transportation Research Board Meeting, Washington, DC, January 1986. Winkler, E., "Die Lehre von Elastizitat und Festigkeit," Prague, The Netherlands, 1867, pp. 182. Wray, W.K., "Development of a Design Procedure for Residential and Light Commercial Slabs-on-Ground Constructed Over Expansive Soils," Dissertation presented to Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1978. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Cheung, Y.K., "The Finite Element Method for Analysis of Elastic Isotropic and Orthotropic Slabs," Proceedings, Journal of Institute of Civil Engineers, Vol. 28, 1964, pp. 471-488. Zienkiewicz, O . C , The Finite Element Method in Engineering Science, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., London, 1971.
49.
50.
51.
52. 53.
54.
55.
APPENDIX A USER'S GUIDE FOR COMPUTER PROGRAM SLAB4
108
109
A.l Comments on the Use of the Guide for Uata Input for Program S L A M A.1.1 General Program Notes
1. The data cards must be stacked in the proper order for the program to run. 2. A consistent set of units must be used for all input data,
e.g., pounds and inches, except where specified otherwise. 3. The input data cards, or sets of data cards, are presented
in the order in which they would be required to be arranged if the analysis option selected (Option 1, 2, 3 or 4) required that particular data. For example. Option 2 would require the nodal numbers
at which subgrade reaction is assumed to be zero as input data; this data would be Data Set 7. Option 1 does not require nodal numbers of zero reaction and, thus, the input data deck for this option would not contain a Data Set 7. Data Set 1 Defines the number of problems to be solved (data decks to read in) without recompiling the source deck. Data Set 2 Defines the rated capacity of the forklift used in the analysis and the aisle width in which the forklift operates. Data Set 3 This data set identifies the problem: slab length and width,
beam depth, edge moisture variation distance, maximum amount of soil
110 movement, the swelling mode, the exponent in the exponential equation that describes the shape of the swelling soil profile, whether the structural stiffness will be determined as a stiffened slab section or as a constant depth section, and if there is a second loading on the slab. Data Set 4 1. Provides dimensions of the stiffening beams and their
spacing, dimensions of the slab portion of the total cross-section, and moments of inertia in both directions. 2. This data set is not included if a constant-depth section is
being analyzed. Data Set 5 1. The first card of this two-card data set identifies the
number of slabs to be analyzed (1 or 2 ) , material properties (Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity of soil and concrete), and several programming constants, e.g., type of symmetry, if any; presence of non-contact locations; if pre-calculated deflections are to be input; and if punched output is desired. 2. The second card defines the number of x and y coordinates
occurring in each slab, the number of iterations to be allowed in establishing subgrade contact, the number of nodes and the nodal numbers at which output calculations are to be printed. 3. The coordinates in the x-direction begin at zero and inCoordinates at the joint must be counted Y coordinates also begin at The number and coordinates of
crease from left to right.
twice if two slabs are being analyzed. zero and increase from bottom to top.
im
111 the y-direction nodes is the same whether one or two slabs are being analyzed. Data Set 6 The coordinates of the x- and y-direction nodes are read in according to F8.3 format. If two slabs are being analyzed, coor-
dinates for the nodes at the joint must be read in twice. More than one card may be necessary to read in all of the coordinates. Data Set 7 If NOTCON is not zero, the nodal numbers at which there is no soil-slab contact are input in accordance with 15 format. one card may be necessary to define all nodal numbers. Data Set 8 This single card data set identifies the total number of nodes at which a gap exists between the soil and the slab, the number of elements experiencing loading, the amount of loading (as a pressure, e.g., psi or psf), whether temperature is to be considered in the solution, the temperature difference between the slab top and bottom, the number of nodes at which convergence will be checked, and iteration and tolerance limits. Data Set 9 Input the nodal numbers at which convergence will be checked in accordance with 15 format. input all check nodes. Data Set 10 This Data Set reads in the amount of gap previously calculated as existing between the slab and subgrade at each node where a gap More than one card may be required to More than
exists. data.
112 More than one data card may be required to read in all gap If NREAD = 0, there are no previously calculated gaps and this
Data Set will not be included in the problem data deck. Data Set 11 If gaps exist at specified nodes, this Data Set identifies those nodes in 15 format. all nodal locations. More than one card may be necessary to identify If NREAD = 2, this Data Set is not needed and
will not be included in the problem data deck. Data Set 12 This Data Set assigns the magnitude of the gap at each location specified in Data Set 11. The input format is F8.4 and more than one card may be required to input all data. There must be as many gap If NREAD = 2, this
values as there are gap locations in Data Set 11.
Data Set is not needed and will not be included in the problem deck. Data Set 13 If a uniformly distributed load acting over the entire slab surface in addition to any live loading specified in Data Set 8 is to be considered in the analysis, set NWT = -1 and the uniformly distributed load will be read in on a single card in F8.3 format. Data Set 14 1. The elemental numbers which are to receive some loading 0 are identified in 15 format. More than one card may be necessary to
identify all loaded elements. 2. to right. Elemental numbers increase from bottom to top and from left There are (NX-1) x NY-1) elem.ents.
113 Data Set 15 1. The area being loaded by Q is described by XDA and YDA. The
load is distributed over the elemental area from the center of the rectangular element on a fractional basis in both directions ranging from -1.00 to +1.00. For example, if the load were to be applied
over the rightmost 75 percent of the element in the x-direction, the input values would be: XDA(l) = -0.50 and XDA(2) = +1.00. If the
same load were to cover only the bottom half of the element in the y-direction, the input values would be: 0.00. YDA(l) = -1.00 and YDA(2) =
If the entire element is to be loaded, the load distribution
would be -1.00 and +1.00 in both directions. 2. The distribution cards must be stacked in the proper order
to ensure distribution of load over the corresponding element, NL(I). Data Set 16 Defines the number of elements on which the second loading Q2, acts in 15 format and the loading intensity in F10.5 format. Data Set 17 The elemental numbers which are to receive the second loading Q2 are identified in 15 format. identify all loaded elements. Data Set 18 1. The area being loaded by Q2 is described by XDA2 and YDA2. More than one card may be necessary to
The load is distributed over the elemental area from the center of the rectangular element on a fractional basis in both directions ranging from -1.00 to +1.00 (Refer to data set No. 15).
2.
114 The distribution cards must be stacked in the proper order
to ensure distribution of load over the corresponding element, NFL(I).
115
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APPENDIX B LISTING OF PROGRAM SLAB4 WITH SAMPLE OUTPUT
122
123
/ / JOB lMKyV0,U^9,2O,30,09l,6UNALAN,CLASS=^,le6ION=5120IC / / EKEC FORTGCLPARM,FORT=MOSOURCE / / S V S I N 00 * C C'
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r*00000010 00000020 r*000O003O *00000040 THE O R I G I M A L A P P L I C A F I O N OF T H I S PROCtAN I S DESCRIBED I N *OO00O0SO TWO PAPERS BV THE AUTHOR, V . H U A N G : 111 - F I < I I T ELEHENT A N A L r S I S #00000060 OF SLABS ON E L A S T I C S O L I D S * . TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL *00000070 OF ASCEf VOL 1 0 0 , N O . T E 2 8 , H A V , 1 9 7 4 , PAGES 4 0 3 - 4 0 6 ; AND C 2 I -REC- *00000080 TANGULAR PLATES P A R T I A L L Y SUPPORTED ON AN E L A S T I C HALF S P A C E - , PRO- *0 0000090 C E E D I N G S t 1ST I N T E R N A T I O N A L CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS I N *00000100 NONLINEAR ^tECHANICSt 1 9 7 4 , PAGES 4 0 5 > 4 1 4 . *00000110 *00000120 THE O R I G I N A L PROGRAM BY HUANG WAS M O D I F I E D AND GIVEN THE *00000130 HUANG WAS M O D I F I E D AND GIVEN THE NAME - S L A B 2 " BV W. K. WRAV AND *00000140 R. L . LYTTON, J U L Y , 1 9 7 7 . *000001S0 *00000160 T S L A B 2 " WAS n O O I F I E D TO I T S PRESENT F3RM AND GIVEN THE NAME *00000170 - S L A B 4 - BY K. N . GUNALAN AND W. K. WRAY* DECEMBER, 1 9 8 6 . A *00000180 D E S C R I P T I O N OF THE M O D I F I C A T I O N S AND EXAMPLE PROBLEMS ARE G I V E N *00000190 I N K. N . GUNALAN'S DOCTORAL D I S S E R T A T I O N E N T I T L E D : - ANALYSIS OF *00000200 I N D U S T R I A L FLOOR SLABS-ON-GROUND FOR DESIGN P U R P O S E S - , AT TEXAS *00000210 TECH U N I V E R S I T Y , LUBBOCK, T E X A S , 1 9 8 6 . *00000220 *00000230 *00000240 *000002SO *00000260 T H I S PROGRAM PROVIDES SOLUTIONS FOR THE D E F L E C T I O N S , S T R *00000270 E S S E S , BENDING MOMENTS, AND SHEAR FORCES DUE TO LOADING AND/OR *00000280 WARPING I N A S I N G L E RECTANGULAR S L A B , OR TWO SLABS CONNECTED BY *00000290 DOWEL BARS AT THE J O I N T , R E S T I N G ON A F O U N D A I I O N OF THE E L A S T I C *00000300 SOLID TYPE. *00000310 *000 00320 THE SLAB S ARE DIVIDED INTO RECTAN GULAR FINITE ELEMENTS OF *00000330 VARIOUS S I Z E S . HOWEVER* FOR ASPECT RAT IO*S SREATER THAN THREE FOR THE F I N I T E ELE MENTt THE SOLU TIONS WOULD BE ERRONEOUS AND THEREFORE *00000340 *000003S0 THE SOLUTION I S TERMINATED. THE ELEMEN TS AND NODES ARE NUMBERED *00000360 CONSECUTIVELY FROM BOTTOM TO TOP ALONG THE Y AXIS AND FROM LEFT *00000370 TO RIGHT ALONG THE X AXIS. IF TWO SLAB S ARE CONNECTED BY DOWEL ELLED JOINT MUST BE NUMBERED *00000380 BARS AT THE JO INT, EACH NODE AT THE DOW *00000390 T W I C E , ONE FOR THE LEFT SLAB AND THE OT HER F3R THE RIGHT SLAB. *00000400 THE DOWELS ARE ASSUMED loot EFFICIENT, SO THAT THE DEFLECTIONS AT *00000410 THE J O I N T ARE THE SAME FOR B OTH SLABS. LOADS MAY BE APPLIED TO *00000420 E I T H E R OR BOTH SLABS, AND TH E STRESSES AT ANY NODE IN EITHER *00000430 SLAB MAY BE CO MPUTED. THE P ROGRAN CAN DETERMINE THE STRESSES AND *00000440 D E F L E C T I O N S DU E TO DEAD LOAD V TEMPERATU RE WARPING* OR LIVE LOAD* *00000450 E I T H E R COMBINE D OR SEPARATEL Y. *00000460
124
r C I
I.e. w I " ! '"OSRAM " S L Y * E . G . , STACK LOADING.
CAN NOW HANDLE TWO L 3 A D I N G LOADING C O N D I T I O N TOGETHER
CONDITIONS S I H U L T A N E O - 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 0 WITH A F O R K L I F T *00000480 *00000490
.
C C C C C C C
,,
THE PROGRAM L I S T S D E F L E C T I O N S * MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES BOTH I N THE ORDER OF NODES AND I N THE ASCENDING ORDER OF N A G N I T U D E . T H I S I S DONE WITH THE A I D OF A I H S L LIBRARY CALLED VSRTR AVAILABLE AT TEXAS TECH U N I V E R S I T Y . THE >ROSRAM NOW PROVIDES THE TWENTY MAXIMUM D I F F E R E N T I A L D E F L E C T I O N R A T I O ' S TOGETHER WITH NODE NUMBERS* DISTANCE BETWEEN N O D E S , D I F F E R E N T I A L D E F L E C T I O N BETWEEN THE N3DES E T C .
*00000500
*00000S10 00000S20 *00ft00530 *00000540
*00000550
*00000560 THE*00000S70 *00000580 c *00000S90 C THE PROGRAM PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING FOUR O P T I O N S : *00000600 C OPTION 1 : SLAB AND SUBGRADE ARE I N FULL CONTACT* AS *00000610 C O R I G I N A L L Y ASSUMED BY P I C K E T T . > SET N O T C O N 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 C TO 0 * NWT TO 0 * AND CYCLE TO 1 . *00000630 C OPTION 2 : SLAB AND SUBGRADE ARE I N FULL CONTACT AT *00000640 C SOME P O I N T S BUT COMPLETELY OUT OF CONTACT AT * 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 C THE R E M A I N I N G P O I N T S BECAUSE OF LARGE GAPS *00000660 C BETWEEN THE SLAB AND TME SUBGRADE. > SET *00000670 C NOTCON TO THE NUMBER OF P O I N T S NOT I N C O N *00000680 C TACT* NGAP TO 0 * NWT T3 0 * AND NCYCLE TO 1 . *00000690 C OPTION 3 : SLAB AND SUBRAOE MAY OR MAY NOT BE I N C O N *00000700 C TACT BECAUSE OF WARPING OF THE S L A B . WHEN *00000710 C THE SLAB I S REMOVED* T) E SUBGRADE WILL FORM *00000720 C A SMOOTH SURFACE WITH 0 DEPRESSIONS OR I N I - * 0 O 0 O 0 7 3 O C T I A L G A P S . > SET NOTCON TO 0 * NGAP TO 0 * ^00000740 C NCYCLE TO MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYCLES FDR C H E C K - * 0 0 0 0 0 7 S O C ING CONTACT* *00000760 C OPTION 4 : WHEN THE SLAB I S REMOVED* THE SUBGRADE WILL *00000770 C NOT FORM A SMOOTH SURFACE BUT SHOWS I R R E G U L A R * 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 0 C D E F O R M A T I O N . > SET NOTCON TO 0 * NGAP TO *00000790 C NUMBER OF NODES WITH I N I T I A L GAPS* NCYCLE TO * 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 C MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYCLES FOR CHECKING C a N T A C T * 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 C *00000820 C *00000830 C***********************************************************************000 00840 C *00000850 C I W P U T DATA: *00000860 C NORMALLY* I N P U T DATA I S I N CONSISTENT U N I T S OF POUNDS* *00000370 C I N C H E S * POUNDS PER SOUARE I N C H ( P S I l * E T C . HOWEVER* SLAB WIDTH A N O * 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 0 C LENGTH OF THE SLAB AND T H E I R RESPECTIVE NODAL DISTANCES ARE INPUT *00000890 C I N FEET. THE I N P U T D I M E N S I O N S I I N F E E T I ARE CONVERTED INTERNALLY *00000900 C TO INCHES FOR PROGRAM C A L C U L A T I O N S . *000009I0 C *00000920 C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ^ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 9 30 C *0000a940 C NOTES ON D I M E N S I O N S TO BE S P E C I F I E D BY THE USERS: *00000950
125
OF C AND G SHOULD NOT BE LESS T H A N : N 0 B ( 2 I = INX14-NX2I*NY*NB THE DIMENSION OF H AN HD SHOULD NOT BE LESS T H A N : NOO s C N O N Y 4 - l l * N O N Y / 2 ; I F N S L A B ^ l * NONY = N X l * N Y ; N S L A B 2 * NONY = INX1^NX2-1I*NY THE DIMENSION OF CO SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN N r * N B * 3 THE DIMENSION OF F SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN N 0 2 * WHERE: N02 INX1-NX2I*NY*3 THE D I M E N S I O N OF D F * GAP* P P F * PF* CURL* F O * D E F * AB* AND NCC SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN INX1-<I X2 l * N Y THE D I M E N S I O N S I N D I C A T E D I O N S MAY BE R E Q U I R E D . ABOVE ARE A MINIMUM* THOUGH LARGER
THE
DIMENSIONS
*00000960 *00000970 *00000980 *00000990 IF
*00001000 *00001010 *00001020 *00001030 *00001040 *000O10S0 *00001060 *00001070 D I M E N S - *00001080

*00001090
PRINCIPAL
NOTATION
FOR
SLAB2
ABI I AOB ADB2 AISLWD ASPACE ATB ATB2 B BDA BDA2 BEAML* BEAMS BEAMLL BEAMLW BEAMSL BEAMSW BSPACE CC I
C0( I CURLtNGAPI)
DISTAN CE BETWEEN MIDPOINTS OF ADJACENT 00001160 ELEMEN TS* IN X - D I R E : T I O N 00001170 SLAB A REA INFLUENCED BY EACH NODE 00001180 Af I DIVIDED BY B( I 00001190 ADB SO UARED 00001200 AISLE WIDTH IN FEET 00001210 CENTER - T O - C E N T E R SPACING OF L O N G I T U D I N A L 00001220 STIFFE N I N 6 BEAMS 00001230 Af I M U L T I P L I E D BV B( I 00001240 ATB SO UARED 00001250 DISTAN CE BETWEEN M I D P O I N T S OF ADJACENT 00001260 ELEMEN TS* I N Y - D I R E C T I O N 00001270 B( I D I V I D E D BY A l I 00001280 BOA SO UARED LONG 0 IMENSION AND SHORT D I M E N S I O N OF GRAD E 0 0 0 0 1 2 9 0 00001300 BEAM* IN I N C H E S . LONG D I M E N S I O N OF L O N G I T U D I N A L BEAM CROSS- 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 00001320 SECTIO N 00001330 IMENSION OF TRANSVERSE BEAM CROSSLONG 0 00001340 SECTIO N 00001350 SHORT D I M E N S I O N OF L O N G I T U D I N A L CROSS00001360 SECTIO N SHORT DIMENSION OF TRANSVERSE BEAN CROSS- 0 0 0 J ) 1 3 7 0 00001380 SECTIO N 00001390 CENTER - T O - C E N T E R SPACING OF TRANSVERSE 00001400 STIFFE NING B EAMS (It SL AB S T I F F N E S S M A T R I X * OR 1 2 1 OVERALL 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 00001420 STIFFN ESS MATRIX OF SYSTEM 00001430 STIFFN ESS C O E F F I C I E N T S AT THE J O I N T 00001440 AMOUNT OF GAP BETWEEN SLAB AND SUBGRADE
*00001100 *00001110 00001120 00001130 00001140 00001150
126
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
OEFI OEFF
DEL
DELF OFI OKI 1 1
OXYFAC* DVFAC
DYI
EIX EIY
Fl 1 FLRCAP FOI 1
FRX
HI 1
ICL
ICLF
lER
ISOTRY
LIFT MOIX HOIY
MMM
MXOIFI 1
UNIT DEFLECTIONS FROM SUBGRADE FLEXIBILITY 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 0 MATRIX 00001460 WORKING VARIABLE WHOSE VALUE IS DEPENDENT 00001470 UPON DEF( I ANO LOCATION IN FINITE ELEMENT00001480 6RID 00001490 TOLERANCE TO CONTROL CONVERGENC* GENERAL00001500 LY USE 0 . 0 0 1 FOR COARSE CONTROL 00001510 TOLERANCE TO CONTROL CONVERGENCE* GENERAL- 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 0 LY USE 0 . 0 0 0 1 . FOR FINE CONTROL 00001530 DIFFERENCE IN DEFLECTIONS AT THE SAME NODE 0 0 0 0 1 5 4 0 BETWEEN TWO CONSECUTIVE ITERATIONS 00001550 DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT NODES IN THE 00001560 X-DIRECTION 00001570 FORMS OF THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF AN ORTHO-00001580 TROPIC SLAB IWHOSE PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS OF 0 0 0 0 1 5 9 0 OF ORTHOTROPY COINCIDE WITH THE X- AND Y00001600 AXESI 00001610 DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT NODES IN THE 00001620 V-OIRECTION 00001630 FLEXURAL RIGIDITY IN LONGITUDINAL 0 I R E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 1 6 4 0 FLEXURAL RIGIDITY IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 00001650 DEFLECTION AT A NODE 00001660 FORKLIFT'S RATED CAPACITY IN POUNDS 00001670 FORCE DUE TO WEIGHT OF SLAB AND/OR U N I 00001680 FORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE LOAD ON ELEMENT 00001690 FLEXURAL RIGIDITY PER UNIT WIDTH* IN L 0 N G I - 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 ITUOINAL DIRECTION 00001710 SUBGRADE STIFFNESS MATRIX 00001720 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS ALLOWED* GEN- 0 0 0 0 1 7 3 0 ERALLV USE 1 0 FOR COARSE CONTROL. 00001740 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS ALLOWED* GEN- 0 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 ERALLV USE 3 0 FOR FINE CONTROL 00001760 INSTABILITY ERROR OCCURRING DURING MATRIX 00001770 INVERSION 00001780 SWITCH TO DETERMINE IF STIFFNESS OF CON00001790 STANT THICKNESS SLAB OR OF STIFFENED SLAB 00001800 IS TO BE USED IN PROBLEM SOLUTION> A S S I G N 0 0 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 IF CONSTANT THICKNESS; ASSIGN 1 IF 00001820 STIFFENED SLAB 00001830 DETERMINES MODE OF SOIL SWELLING: ASSIGN 00001840 1 IF CENTER LIFT* AND ASSIGN 2 IF EDGE L I F T 0 0 0 0 1 8 5 0 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF STIFFENED SLAB S E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 1 8 6 0 IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION 00001870 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF STIFFENED SLAB SECTION00001880 IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 00001890 EXPONENT OF EXPONENTIAL EOUATIDN DESCRIBING00001900 PROFILE OF SWOLLEN SUBGRADE. EQUATION IS 00001910 OF THE FORM V=C*X**M 00001920 NUMERICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOMENTS AT 00001930
127
MXVDIFI MYDIFI MYXOIFI 1
NB NCK
NCYCLE NELEM NFLINFLOADI NFL OAD NGAP
.
NGINGAPI NKENT NLINLOADI NLOAD NO! 11 N0I2I NOB! 11 N08t2l NONY
NOO
NOOCKINCKI NOTCON
NOl
N013
N02
N023 NPINPRINTI NPRINT
00002400 TOTAL NUMBER OF NODES IN BOTH SLABS 00002410 NODAL NUMBER OF THE PRINTED POINTS. NUMBER OF NODES AT WHICH STRESSES ARE TO B E00002420
ADJACENT NODES IN THE X - O I R E C T I O N 00001940 NUMERICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWISTING 00001950 MOMENTS AT ADJACENT NODES 00001960 NUMERICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOMENTS AT 00001970 ADJACENT NODES I N TME Y - D I R E C T I O N 00001980 NUMERICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN T W I S T I N G 00001990 MOMENTS AT ADJACENT NODES 00002000 HALF BAND W I D T H * EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 00002010 I NY 2 1 * 3 00002020 NUMBER OF NODAL POINTS FOR CHECKING THE 00002030 CONVERGENCE 00002040 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYCLES FOR CHECKING SUB- 00002050 00002060 GRADE CONTACT* GENERALLY USE 10 00002070 NUMBER OF ELEMENTS I N F I N I T E ELEMENT GRID 00002080 ELEMENT NUMBERS OVER WHICH SECOND LOAD I S 00002090 APPLIED NUMBER OF ELEMENTS ON WHICH SECOND LOAD I S 00002100 00002110 APPLIED TOTAL NUMBER OF NODES AT WHICH A GAP E X I S T S000021.20 BETWEEN SLAB AND SUBGRADE. ASSIGN 0 I F NO 00002130 GAP E X I S T S OR THE GAP I S VERY LARGE 00002140 NODAL NUMBER OF THE NODE AT WHICH THE GAP 00002150 GAP BETWEEN SLAB AND SUBGRADE I S S P E C I F I E D 00002160 COUNTER TO CALL SUBROUTINE SHEAR* 00002170 ELEMENT NUMBER OVER WHICH LOAD I S APPLIED 00002180 NUMBER OF ELEMENTS 3N WHICH LOAD I S A P P L I E 0000 02190 USE 0 I F THERE I S NO LOAD 00002200 TOTAL NUMBER OF COMPONENTS CONTRIBUTING TO 00002210 00002220 INTERNAL WORK I N SLAB t l TOTAL NUMBER OF COMPONENTS CONTRIBUTING TO 00002230 00002240 INTERNAL WORK I N BOTH SLABS 00002250 N0I1I*NB 00002260 N0I2)*NB 00002270 NUMBER OF NODES I N SLAB S i OR NUMBER OF 00002280 NODES I N BOTH SLABS LESS NY 00002290 INONY I I * ( N O N Y ) / 2 00002300 NODAL NUMBER OF THE POINTS FOR CHECKING 00002310 CONVERGENCE 00002320 TOTAL NUMBER OF NODES AT WHICH REACTIVE PRESSURE I S PRESUMED TO BE 0 . I F N C Y C L E - 1 *00002330 00002340 THESE NODES W I L L NEVER BE I N CONTACT; I F 00002350 NCYCLE > 1 * THESE N3DES MAY OR MAY NOT BE I N CONTACT* DEPENDING ON CALCULATED RESULT S00002360 00002370 NX1*NY*3 00002380 OF NODES IN SLAB tl TOTAL NUMBER 00002390 NX*NV3
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PRINTED 00002430 NUMBER OF PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED. I NOTE: 00002440 O P T I O N S 3 AND 4 MAY BE SOLVED I N TWO S E P A - 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 0 RATE PROBLEMS. THE F I R S T PROBLEM COMPUTES 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 0 THE GAPS ANO PRECOMPRESS IONS DUE TO WEIGHT 0 0 0 0 2 4 7 0 OF SLAB ANO TEMPERATURE BY SETTING NWT TO 00002480 1 * ANO THE SECOND PROBLEM COMPUTES 000024 90 STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS DUE TO L I V E LOAD 00002500 ONLY BY S E T T I N G NWT TO 0 . 1 00002510 ANY GAPS OR PRECOMPRESSION TO BE PUNCHED7 00002520 ASSIGN 1 I F YES AND ASSIGN 0 I F NO. 000 02530 ANY GAPS OR PRECOMPRESSIONS TO BE READ I N 7 0 0 0 0 2 5 4 0 ASSIGN 1 I F Y E S * ASSIGN 2 I F GAPS ANO P R E - 0 0 0 0 2 5 5 0 COMPRESSIONS ARE FROM THE PREVIOUS PR0BLM*00002560 AND ASSIGN 0 I F O T H E R W I S E . 000025 70 NUMBER S L A B S * EITHER 1 OR 2 00002580 SWITCH TO DETERMINE I F THERE I S A SECOND 00002590 LOADING ON THE SLAB. ASSIGN 0 WHEN THERE I S 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 NO SECOND LOADING AND ASSIGN 1 WHEN THERE 00002610 I S A SECOND LOADING ON THE SLAB 00002620 C O N D I T I O N OF SYMMETRY. ASSIGN 1 WHEN NO 000026 30 SYMMETRY E X I S T S * 2 WHEN SYMMETRIC WITH R E - 0 0 0 0 2 6 4 0 SPECT TO Y A X I S * 3 WHEN SYMMETRIC WITH R E - 0 0 0 0 2 6 5 0 SPECT TO X A X I S * 4 WHEN SYMMETRIC WITH R E - 0 0 0 0 2 6 6 0 SPECT TO BOTH X ANO Y AXES* ANO 5 FOR FOUR 0 0 0 0 2 6 7 0 SLABS SYMMETRICALLY LOADED. 00002680 C O N D I T I O N OF W A R P I N S . ASSIGN 0 I F T E M P E R A - 0 0 0 0 2 6 9 0 TURE GRADIENT I S 0 AND ASSIGN 1 I F GRADlENTOOO02700 I S NOT 0 00002710 METHOD EMPLOYED. ASSIGN 0 WHEN WEIGHT IS 00002720 NOT CONSIDERED* ASSIGN 1 WHEN WEIGHT IS 00002730 CONSIDERED FOR SLAB OF NON-CONSTANT CROSS- 0 0 0 0 2 7 4 0 S E C T I O N * ANO A S S I G N - 1 WHEN SLAB I S OF C 0 N - 0 0 0 0 2 7 5 0 STANT* RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION 00002760 00002770 TOTAL NUMBER NODES I N THE X D I R E C T I O N NUMBER OF NODES I N X D I R E C T I O N FOR SLAB H 0 0 0 0 2 7 8 0 NUMBER OF NODES I N X D I R E C T I O N FOR SLAB 1 2 . 0 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 00002800 ASSIGN 0 WHEN THERE I S ONLY ONE S L A B . 00002810 NUMBER OF NODES I N Y D I R E C T I O N 00002820 NY*3*NB NODAL NUMBER OF THE NODES AT WHICH R E A C T I V E 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 0 00002840 PRESSURE I S I N I T I A L L Y SET TO ZERO 00002850 WORKING V A R I A B L E * EaUAL TO A 00002860 WORKING V A R I A B L E * ERUAL TO B 00002870 A PREVIOUS NODAL D E F L E C T I O N 00002880 A PREVIOUS NODAL D E F L E C T I O N 00002890 P O I S S O N ' S R A T I O OF THE CONCRETE 00002900 P O I S S O N ' S RATIO OF THE S O I L 00002910 LOADING ON S L A B * EXPRESSED AS A PRESSURE
129
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SECOND LOADING ON SLAB* EXPRESSED AS A 00002920 PRESSURE 00002930 FORCE DUE TO A P P L I ED LOAD ON AN ELEMENT 00002940 FORCE DUE TO A P P L I ED SECOND LOAD ON AN 00002950 ELEMENT 00002960 WK 00002970 WEIGHT OF SLAB EXP RESSED AS A UNIFORMLY 00002980 D I S T R I B U T E D LOAD. ( T H I S INPUT I S USED W H E N 0 0 0 0 2 9 9 0 SLAB I S NOT CONSTA NT DEPTH RECTANGLULAR 00003000 C R O S S - S E C T I O N ANO N t f T s l . l 00003010 RELAXATION FACTOR AT THE J O I N T * USUALLY 0 . 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 R I G I D I T Y MODULUS 0 0 0 0 3 0 30 S T I F F N E S S MATRIX F OR A RECTANGULAR ELEMENT 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 0 OF AN ORTHOTROPIC MATERIAL 00003050 CALCULATED STRESSE S DUE TO LOADING AND 00003060 SUPPORT C O N D I T I O N S 00003070 THICKNESS OF THE C ONSTANT DEPTH SLAB 00003080 D I F F E R E N C E I N TEMP EKATURE BETWEEN TOP AND 00003090 BOTTOM OF S L A B . U SE P O S I T I V E I F CURLED 00003100 UPWARD AND NEGATIV E I F CURLED DOWNWARD. 00003110 EQUIVALENT CONSTAN T THICKNESS SLAB DEPTH I N 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 L O N G I T U D I N A L DIREC TION 00003130 EQUIVALENT CONSTAN T THICKNESS SLAB DEPTH I N 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 TRANSVERSE D I R E C T I ON 00003150 TORSIONAL R I G I D I T Y OF BEAM I N L O N G I T U D I N A L 0 0 0 0 3 1 6 0 DIRECTION 00003170 00003180 TORSIONAL R I G I D I T Y OF BEAM I N TRANSVERSE 00003190 DIRECTION 00003200 LOAD MATRICES USED TO DETERMINE ELEMENTAL 00003210 S T I F F N E S S MATRIX 00003220 SHEAR FORCE IN THE X - O I R E C T I O N MAXIMUM NEGATIVE S HEAR FORCE I N X - 0 I R E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 0 MAXIMUM P O S I T I V E S HEAR FORCE I N X - 0 I R E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 0 SHEAR FORCE I N THE Y - D I R E C T I O N 00003250 MAXIMUM NEGATIVE S HEAR FORCE I N V - 0 I R E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 0 MAXIMUM P O S I T I V E S HEAR FORCE IN V - D I R E C T I O N 0 0 0 0 3 2 7 0 TEMPORARY STORAGE F I L E FOR X I 00003280 1 TEMPORARY STORAGE F I L E FOR V I 00003290 1 WEIGHT OF CONCRETE I N P S I 00003300 X COORDINATES STAR TING FROM 0 ANO I N C R E A S - 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 0 ING FROM L E F T TO R I G H T . INOTE: X MUST BE 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 0 READ TWICE AT J O I N T IF TWO S L A B S . COOROI- 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 NATE DISTANCES ARE I N P U T I N F E E T . I 00003340 LOWER AND UPPER L I H I T S OF LOADED AREA I N X 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 0 X DIRECTION. USE - 1 TO I I F THE LOAD C O V - 0 0 0 0 3 3 6 0 ERS THE WHOLE LENG TM OF ELEMENT. 00003370 LOWER AND UPPER L I H I T S OF LOADED AREA FOR 00003380 SECOND LOADING IN X - O I R E C T I O N . USE - 1 TO - 1 0 0 0 0 3 3 9 0 I F THE LOAD COVERS THE WHOLE LENGTH OF THE 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 0
130
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ELEMENT 00003410 EDGE PENETRA T I O N OIS TANCE* I N F E E T . 00003420 BENDING NOME NT I N X - D I R E C T I O N 00003430 T W I S T I N G MOM ENT 00003440 X-COORDINATE S OF CENITROIO OF SLAB B l 00003450 X-COORDINATE S OF CEN ITROIO OF SLAB C2 00003460 SLAB LENGTH* I N FEET 00003470 SLAB W I D T H * I N FEET 00003480 AMOUNT OF DI FFERENTIAL SHRINK OR SWELL* I N 00003490 INCHES 00003500 V COORDINATE S STARTING FROM ZERO AND I N 00003510 CREASING TO TOP* I N FEET 00003520 LOWER ANO UP PER L I M I T S OF LOADED AREA I N V 00003530 DIRECTION. USE - 1 TO -1-1 I F THE LOAD COVER S00003540 WHOLE WIDTH OF ELEMENT. 00003550 LOWER ANO UP PER L I M I T S OF LOADED AREA FOR 00003560 SECOND LOADI NG I N Y - D I R E C T I O N . USE - 1 TO * 100003570 I F THE LOAD COVERS THE WHOLE WIDTH OF THE 00003580 ELEMENT 00003590 YOUNG'S MODU LUS OF THE CONCRETE 00003600 BENDING NOME NT IN V-OIRECTION 00003610 YOUNG'S MODU LUS OF THE S O I L 00003620 V-COORDINATE S OF CENTROID OF SLAB ! 00003630 V-COORDINATE S OF CENTROID OF SLAB 1 2 00003640
00003650 *00003660 00003670 00003680 D I M E N S I O N S N ( 9 0 1 * S M 1 ( 9 0 ) * S M 2 ( 9 0 I S N 3 ( 9 0 I * S M 4 ( 9 0 I * X M O M 1 6 5 0 I * V M O M I 6 500003690 * 0 I * X Y M O M ( 6 S 0 I * M X O I F I 6 5 0 1 * M Y D I F I 6 5 0 1 f N X Y O I F I 65 01 * M Y X D I F I 65 01 * X ( 6 5 0 100003700 * V I 6 5 0 t * X T I 6 S 0 l * Y T I 6 5 0 1 * 0 X 1 6 5 0 1 * DYI 6 5 0 1 * H D I 2 0 8 0 0 0 1 * O F I 6 5 0 1 N L I 6 5 0 100003710 * * N O O I 4 I * N O B ( 2 I * C ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 I * G A P I 6 5 0 I * H ( 2 0 8 0 0 0 I * P P F ( 6 5 0 I * F I 2 1 0 0 I * 6 I 1 5 000003720 * O O O I f C O ( 5 5 0 0 l P F ( 6 5 0 l * C U R L ( 6 5 0 l * N O D C K I 7 5 l * X X I 2 I * Y V I 2 I * Y Y Y I 2 1 I * F 0 I 600003730 00003740 *SOI D I M E N S I O N X D A ( 5 0 0 * 2 I * V D A ( 5 0 0 * 2 1 * K O I 4 1 t V O I 4 1 * N P I 6 5 0 I * N 0 I 2 I * Z Z I 2 1 I * 00003750 00003760 *DCFI650I*AB(650I*NCC(650I*NZI650I*STRI650*6 l*NG1650l*YXnOM(650l* * V X I 6 5 0 1 * V V I 6 5 0 1 * I R I 6 5 0 1 * G U N A ( 6 5 0 1 * X D A 2 I 5 0 0 * 2 1 * Y 0 A 2 ( 5 0 0 * 2 1 * N F L ( 6 5 0 100005770 00003780 00003790 COMMON C F * G N 0 * N 8 * X V * S T R N P * X M 0 M * V M 0 M * X Y M 0 M * X T * V T * D X * D Y M X 0 I F * 00003800 * M V 0 I F M K Y O I F M Y X D I F * V X M O M * V X * W * N X Y * N Y X * VXMAXN* VXMAXP* 00005810 *VVMAXNVYMAXP 00003820 00003830 REAL n X D I F * M Y D I F f M X Y D I F * M V K O I F * M O I X * MO l Y 00003840 00003850 FOR REFERENCE ON DATA BLOCKS* SEE Z I E N K I E W I C Z * O . C * - T H E F I N I T E 00003860 ELEMENT METHOD I N E N G I N E E R I N G S C I E N C E " * CHAPTER 1 0 * MCGRAW-HILL 00003870 BOOK C O . * 1 9 7 1 . 00003880 00003890 DATA SMl/60.* 0.* 30.*5*0.* 20.* 30.* 0.* 15.* 3*0.* 15.* 0.*
131
* 10.* - 6 0 . * 0.* 30.* 30.* - 3 0 . * 0.* 10.* - 3 0 . * 0.* 15.* 3*0.* 00003900 * - 1 5 . * 0.* 5 . * 6 0 . * 0 . * 3 0 . * 5*0.* 20.* - 3 0 . * 0.* I S . * 3*0.* -15.*00003910 * 0 . * 5 . * - 6 0 . * 0 . * 3 0 . * 3 * 0 . * - 3 0 . * 0 . * 1 0 . * 6 0 . * 0 . * - 3 0 . * 5 * 0 . * 00003920 * 2 0 . * 30.* 0 . * - 1 5 . * 5*0.* - 1 5 . * 0.* 10.* 6 0 . * 0 . * - 5 0 . * 5*0. *20./00003930 00003940 DATA S M 2 / 6 0 . * - 5 0 . * 0 . * 0 . * 2 0 . * 4 * 0 . * - 6 0 . * - 5 0 . * 0 . * 5 0 . * 1 0 . * 00005950 * 4 * 0 . * 5 0 . * - l S . * 0.* - 1 5 . * 10.* 4*0.* - 5 0 . * - 1 5 . * 0.* 15.* 5.* 00005960 * 4 * 0 . * 6 0 . * 5 0 . * 0 . * 0 . * 2 0 . * 4 * 0 . * - 5 0 . * I S . * 0 . * - 1 5 . * 5 . * 4 * 0 . *00003970 * 5 0 . * 1 5 . * 0 . * 1 5 . * 1 0 . * 4 * 0 . * 6 0 . * - 5 0 . * 0. 0 . * 2 0 . * 4 * 0 . * - 6 0 . * 0 0 0 0 5 9 8 0 * - 5 0 . * 0.* 50.* 10.* 4*0.* 60.* 50.* 0.* 0.* 20.* 4*0.^ 00003990 00004000 DATA S M 5 / 5 0 . * - 1 5 . * 1 5 . 0 . * 0 . * - 1 5 . * 5 * 0 . * - 5 3 . * 0 . * - 1 5 . * 5 * 0 . * - 1 5 . 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 * * 0 . * 0 . * - 5 0 . * 15.* 0 . * 1 5 . * 5 * 0 . * 5 0 . * 8 * 0 . * 5 0 . * I S . * 15.* 0.*00004020 * 0 . * 1 5 . * 5 * 0 . * 5 0 . * 8 * 0 . * - 5 0 . * - 1 5 . * 0 . * - 1 5 . * 5 * 0 . * 5 0 . * - 1 5 . * 00004050 * - 1 5 . * 0.* 0 . * 15.* 5 * 0 . * - 5 0 . * 0.* 15.* 5*9.* 15.* 0.* 0.* 50.* 00004040 * 15.* - 1 5 . * 0.* 0.* - I S . * 5*0./ 00004050 00004060 DATA SN4/ 8 4 . * - 6 . * 6 . * 0 . * S . * 5 * 0 . * 8 . * - 8 4 . * - 6 . * - 6 . * 6 . * - 2 . * 0 0 0 0 4 0 7 0 * 0.* - 6 . * 0.* - 8 . * - 8 4 . * 3*6.* - 8 . * 0.* - 6 . * 0.* - 2 . * 84.* 6.* 00004080 * - 6 . * - 6 . * 2 . * 0 . * 6 . * 0 . * 2 . * 84.* 6 . * 6.* 0 . * 8 . * 5*0.* 8 . * 84.*00004090 * 6.* - 6 . * 6 . * 2 . * 0 . * 6.* 0 . * 2 . * - 8 4 . * - & . * 6 . * - 6 . * - 8 . * 0 . * 00004100 * - 6 . * 0 . * - 2 . * 8 4 . * - 6 . * - 6 . * 0 . * 8 . * 5*0.* 8 . * - 8 4 . * - 6 . * 6 . * 6.*00004110 * - 2 . * 0 . * 6 . * 0 . * - 8 . * 8 4 . * 6 . * - 6 . * 0 . * S. * 5 * 0 . * 8 . / 00004120
00004130
101 FORMAT l / * 4 0 X * ' F I N I T E ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FLOOR S L A B S ' * 0 0 0 0 4 1 4 0 * / 4 0 X * 4 9 ( ' - ' l / / 5 l X * ' S L A B 4 * BY K.N.GUNALAN* 19 8 5 . ' * / 5 1 X * 2 7 ( - ' I I 00004150 102 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' T H I S INDUSTRIAL FLOOR SLAB PROBLEM H A S : ' * 00004160 */5X*39l'-'ll 00004170 103 FORMAT (//*SX*'SUMMARY OF VAR I A B L E S ' * / 5 X * 2 1 ( ' - 1 1 00004180 104 FORMAT I 1 4 I 5 I 00004190 105 FORMAT l 4 F l 0 . 4 * 4 l 5 t 00004200 106 FORMAT I 9 F 8 . 5 I 00004210 107 FORMAT I 6 E 1 5 . 6 I 00004220 108 FORMAT I I 5 9 2 F 1 0 . 4 * 2 E 1 0 . 5 * F I 0 . 4 S I 5 I 00004250 109 FORMAT l / * 5 X ' S L A 6 L E N G T H * ' * 1 7 X * F 7 . 2 * 7 X * ' F T ' * / / 5 X * ' S L A B WIOTHxt, 00004240 * 1 8 X * F 7 . 2 * 7 X * ' F T ' * / / 5 X * ' T H I C K N E S S OF S L A B = * 9 X * F 1 0 . 4 * 6 X * ' I N ' * / / 5 X * 0 0 0 0 4 2 5 0 *'MODULUS OF C O N C R E T E s ' * 1 0 X * E 1 0 . 5 * 2 X * ' P S I ' * ^ / 5 X * ' P O I S S O i l S RATIO O F ' 0 0 0 0 4 2 6 0 * * CONCRETE-F10.4*//5X**V.MODULUS OF S U B . R A D E ' ' * 8 X * E 1 0 . 5 * 00004270 * 2 X * ' P S I ' * / / 5 X ' P O I S S O N S RATIO OF SUBGRADE" * F 1 0 . 4 I 00004280 110 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' D I M E N S I 0 N OF GRADE BEAMS IN I N C H E S ' / 5 X * 5 4 l ' - * 00004290 *//40X*'0PTH'*10X*'WIDTH'*10X*'SPACING'*/40X*5l'-'l10K*5l'-'l* 00004500 * 1 0 X 7 ( ' - ' I * / / 1 0 X * T R A N S V E R S E GRADE B E A M ' * 6 X * F 1 0 . 5 * 5 X * F 1 0 . 5 * 7 X * 00004310 * F 1 0 . 5 . / / 1 0 X * ' L O N G I T U D I N A L GRADE B E A M ' * 4 X * F 1 0 . 5 * 5 X * F 1 0 . 5 * 7 X * 00004320 *F10.5,//I 00004350 111 FORMAT I 6 I 5 * 4 F 1 0 . 5 * F 5 . 2 * 1 5 1 00004540 112 FORMAT l / / * 5 X * ' P R 0 G R A M C0NSTANTS'*/5X* 1 7 1 ' - ' I I 00004550 115 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' N S V M ' * 2 X * I 5 * / / 5 X * ' N B ' * 4 X * I 5 l 00004560 114 FORMAT | / / 5 X * N X 1 ' * 5 K * I 5 * / / 5 X , ' N V - ' * 4 X * I 5 * / / 5 X * ' N C Y C L E = ' * I 5 * / / 5 K * 0 0 0 0 4 5 7 0 *'NPRINT.'*I5I 00004380
132
115
* s ? ? 2 i T ^ ^ 5 I ' * 7 ' - ? / c : * * ' " ' ^ ^ ' * ' " ' ' " "'^5X*'NCK='.5X*I5*/,0 0 0 0 4 5 9 0 //
wi:l"^^ " " ' ^ * * ' '* * * ^ " * 5 ' 2 X * ' P S I ' * / / 5 K * ' 0 E L . ' * 2 X * F 1 0 . 5 * 00004400 //5K*'0ELF='*1X*F10.5,//5X*'RFJ='*2X*F10.5*//5X,'ICLF'*1X*I5I 00004410 116 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' V A L U E S OF X I N INCHES ARE: * / * 1 1 I 4 X * F 8 . 5 I I 00004420 117 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' V A L U E S OF V I N INCHES ARE: ' * / * 1 1 I 4 X * F 8 . 5 1 1 00004430 118 FORMAT l / / 5 X * ' T H E FOLLOWING NODES ARE USED TO CHECK CONVERGENCE:'*00004440 //*12I10I 00004450 119 FORMAT I 9 F 8 . 4 I 00004460 120 FORMAT I F 7 . 5 I 00004470 121 FORMAT ( 7 F 1 0 . S I 000044 80 122 FORMAT ( / / * 5 X * ' L 0 A D S ARE APPLIED ON THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS'* 00004490 * ' A N D COORDINATES:'! 00004500 123 FORMAT I l O X * I 5 * 4 F 1 5 . 5 1 00004510 124 F 0 R M A r ( / / 5 X ' D E F L E C T I O N S I I N C H E S I I N THE ORDER OF N 0 D E S ' * / 5 X 00004520 *42('-'ll 00004550 125 FORMAT I / / * & X * ' N O D E ' * 7 X * ' D E F L E C T I O N ' * 6 X * ' N O D E ' * 7 X * ' D E F L E C T I O N ' * 00004540 *6X*'NODE'*7X*'DEFLECTION'*6X*'NODE'*7X*'DEFLECTION*I 00004550 126 FORMAT 1 4 1 4 X * I 5 * 5 X * E 1 3 . 6 I I 00004560 127 F 0 R M A T I / / 5 X * ' D E F L E C T I O N S I I N C H E S I I N THE ASCENDING ORDER O F * * 00004570 * MAGNITUDE'*/5X*S5l'-'II 00004580 128 FORMAT l / / 3 5 X * ' M I N I M U M DEFLEC T I O N s ' E 1 5 . 6 * 2 X* * I N ' * / / 5 5 X * 00004590 * MAXIMUM D E F L E C T I 0 N s ' * E 1 5 . 6 * 2 X * ' I N ' I 00004600 129 F 0 R M A T I / / 5 X * ' S T R E S S E S I L B S / S O . I N I I N THE ORDER OF N 0 0 E S ' * / 5 X * 00004610 *42l'-*ll 00004620 130 FORMAT I / / * 6 X * ' N 0 0 E * * 8 X * * S T R E S S X * * 1 0 X * ' S T R E S S V ' * 1 0 X * 00004630 *'STRESS X Y ' * 12X*'MAJ0R'*15X**MIN0R**15X**SHEAR**/I 00004640 151 FORMAT I 5 X * I 5 * 6 I 5 X * E 1 5 . 6 I I 00004650 152 FORMAT I / / / / / I 00004660 155 F0RMATI//5X**M0MENTS ( I N . L B S I I N THE ORDER OF NODES * / 5 X * 2 9 l ' - ' I I 0 0 0 0 4 6 7 0 154 F 0 R M A T ( / / 6 X * ' N 0 0 E ' * 8 X * ' M 0 M E N T X**10X*'MOMENT Y'*9X*'MOMENT X Y ' * / ) 0 0 0 0 4 6 8 0 00004690 155 F0RMAT(//5X*'MOMENTS I I N . L B S ) K AND Y IN TNE ASCENDING ORDER** 00004700 * * OF M A G N I T U 0 E ' * / 5 X * 6 0 ( * - * I ) 00004710 136 F 0 R M A T I / / 6 X * * N0DE**8X**M0MENT X* *6X * NODE **8X**MOMENT X * * / l 00004720 157 FORMAT(//6X*NODE*8X**MOMENT Y**6X**NO0E**8X**MOMENT Y * * / ) 00004730 138 F 0 R M A T ( 2 ( 5 X * I 5 * 5 X v E 1 3 . 6 l l 00004740 139 FORMAT!'1*1 00004750 140 F 0 R M A T ( / / 5 X * * S H E A R FORCES I N THE ORDER OF N O D E S * * / 5 X * 5 3 l * - * l l 141 FaRMATI//10K**CALCULATED SHEAR IN LONG DIRECTION I L B S / I N I * * / / * 6 I 6 0 0 0 0 4 7 6 0 00004770 *X*'INCR'*3X*'SHEAR X ' l * / I 00004780 142 F 0 R M A T I 6 ( 6 X * I 5 * 5 X * F 8 . 5 I I 145 FORMAT(//10X*'CALCULATED SHEAR IN SHORT DIRECTION ( L B S / I N I * / / * 6 ( 0 0 0 0 4 7 9 0 00004800 *6X*'INCR**5X**SHEAR Y * l * / I 00004810 144 F 0 R M A T I / / 5 X * * S H E A R FORCES I N THE ASCENDING ORDER OF MAGNITUDE'* 00004820 */5X*47('-*l) 145 F O R M A T ( / / 5 5 X * ' M A X NEGATIVE SHEAR FORCE IN K - 0 I R E C T I O N * ' * F 8 . 5 00004830 * L 8 S / I H * * / 5 5 X * * M A X POSITIVE SHEAR FORCE IN K-D IRECTION** *F 8 . 5 * 00004840 000048 50 * L B S / I N * * / / 5 5 X * * M A X NEGATIVE SHEAR FORCE I N Y - D I R E C T I O N * * * F 8 . 3 * 00004860 * L B S / I N * * / 3 5 X * * M A X POSITIVE SHEAR FORCE IN Y - D I R E C T I O N = * * F 8 . 5 * 00004870 * LBS/IN* I
133
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c cc
c* c cC C C C
C*
00004880 00004890 00004900 100004910 14? FSSMJT aslFfi'.s?"**'"" ' ""*"* ^''''*'^ CONDITION.,/5X*37(.-.) 00004920 }?? IZltl ;^^V*^'^*-'*=*''^^^5*'*^=*'5X*Fia.5*2X*.pSI.| 00004930 1 5 1 FORMAT ( / / * 5 X * * S E C 0 N 0 LOADING A P P L I E D ON THE FOLLOWING E L E M E N T S * . 00004940 ** ANO C O O R D I N A T E S : * , / 5 X * 6 5 ( * - * I * / I .-."-*. C L t n t n i b , 00004950 00004960 00004970 READ I N THE NUMBER OF PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED ON T H I S RUN 00004980 00004990 READ ( 5 * 104 1 NPROB 00005000 ^00005010 00005020 READ 1 5 * 1 4 & I FLRCAP* AISLWD 00005030 WRITE ( 6 * 1 0 1 1 00005040 WRITE ( 6 * 132) 00005050 WRITE ( 6 * 1 4 7 1 FLRCAP* AISLWD 00005060 00005070 WRITE ( 6 * 1 0 3 ) 00005080 00005090 B E G I N PROBLEM SOLUTION 00005100 00005110 DO 9 5 0 LLL - 1* NPROB 00005120 R E A D I N SLAB DIMENSIONS AND OTHER D E S C R I P T I V E VARIALBE OF SLAB-ON- -00005130 00005140 GROUND TO BE ANALYZED 00005150 00005160 READ ( 5 * 1 0 5 J XXL* XXS* XEC* XYMX* MMM, I S 3 T R Y * L I F T * NSLOAO '00005170 00005180 00005190 NKENT = 0 00005200 I F ( I S O T R Y . E Q . O ) GO TO 8 00005210 00005220 -READ I N D I M E N S I O N S OF GRADE BEAMS AND GRADE BEAM SPACINGS 00005230 00005240 00005250 READ ( 5 * 1 0 6 ) BEAMLW* BEAMSW* BEAMLL* BEAMSL* ASPACE* BSPACE 00005260 00005270 - R E A D I N MOMENT OF INERTIA I N LONG AND SHORT DIRECTIONS 00005230 READ 1 5 * 1 0 7 1 MOIX* MOIY 00005290 *****************************************************************i 00005300 00005310 READ I N SLAB GEOMETRY* E L A S T I C CONSTANTS* ANO OTHER CONSTANTS 00005320 00005330 3 READ ( 5 * 1 0 8 1 NSLAB* PR* T* YM* VMS* P R S * NSYM* NOTCON* NREAD* 00005340 * N P U N C H * NB 00005350 00005360
146
FORMAT
(F7.1*F10.4I
'''*Â;;LTirD?;::;j5x'!^;.;:jj;.p"Tr;'="^=-"'^^-^'''''-^-'^'"-
134
cc c cc
cc
C C-
z* c
00005370 00005380 CALCULATE R I G I D I T Y MODULUS 00005390 00005400 RM * YM*T**3/(12*(1-PR**2)I 00005410 00005420 CALCULATE E L A S T I C I T Y OF S O I L 00005430 00005440 YMSPRS = Y M S / I 1 . - P R S * * 2 I 00005450 00005460 I F I I S O T R Y . E Q . O I GO TO 9 00005470 WRITE ( 6 * 1 1 0 1 BEAMLW* BEAMSW* BSPACE* BEAMLL* BEAMSL* ASPACE 00005480 00005490 CALCUALTE FLEXURAL R I G I D I T Y 00005500 00005510 EIX = YM*MOIX 00005520 EIY = YM*MaiY 00005530 FRX = E I X / ( 1 2 . * X X L I 00005540 00005550 CALCULATE CONCRETE WEIGHT CONSTANT FOR SLAB OF CONSTANT THICKNESS 00005560 00005570 9 W = 0.037*T K 00005580 IF IISOTRY.EQ.OI GO TO 7 00005590 00005600 00005610 CALCULATE T O R S I O N A L R I G I D I T Y OF TEE SECTION 00005620 00005630 TRANSVERSE GRADE BEAM 00005640 TRBW - ( B E f t M L W * B E A M S W * * 5 / 1 6 . 1 * ( ( 1 6 . / 5 . I - ( 5 . 3 6 * B E A M S W / B E A M L W I 00005650 **(1.-(BEAMSW**4/I12.*BEAMLW**4IIII/BSPACE 00005660 - L O N G I T U D I N A L GRADE BEAM 00005670 TRBL = I B E A M L L * B E A M S L * * 5 / 1 6 . l * l l l 6 . / 5 . 1 - 1 5 . 5 6 * B E A M S L / B E A M L L ) 00005680 **I1.-(BEAMSL**4/(12.*BEAMLL**4))II/ASPACE 00005690 DXYFAC s II6.*XXL*RM*(1.-PR||4^TRBL-TRBW1IÊIX 00005700 OVFAC (XXL/XXSI*(MOIY/MOIXI 00005710 00005720 CALCULATE AN EQUIVALENT SLAB DEPTH 00005730 00005740 TEX = ( ( l . - P R * * 2 l * M O I X / X X L I * * 0 . 5 5 5 5 5 5 00005750 TEY TEX*(0YFAC**0.555555I 00005760 READ IN NUMBER OF NODES IN EACH DIRECTION ANO NODAL PRINTING INFO 00005770 00005780 00005790 7 READ (5* 104 1 NXl* NX2* NY* NCYCLE* NPRINT, (NP(I)*I-1* NPRINTl '00005800 00005810 00005820 NX - NX14-NX2 00005830 N0(2I * NX*NY*5 000058 40 N02 = NOl 21 00005850 N025 - Na2/3
WRITE
16*109)
XXL*
XXS*
T*
YM* PR*
VMS*
PRS
135
00005860 00005870 00005880 c 00005890 c R E A D I N COORDINATES OF F I N I T E ELEMENT GRID SYSTEM 00005900 C 00005910 READ 1 5 * 1 0 6 1 I X I I I * 1 = 1 * N X l * f V C I l * 1 = 1 * N Y I 00005920 *00005930 C 00005940 C 00005950 C C O N V E R T GRID SYSTEM COORDINATES FROM FEET TO INCHES 00005960 c 00005970 DO 1 6 0 I = 1 * NX 00005980 X(I) = X(II*12. 00005990 1 6 0 CONTINUE 00006000 0 0 1 6 1 1 = 1 * NY 00006010 Y d ) = Y( 1 1 * 1 2 . 00006020 1 6 1 CONTINUE 00006030 00006040 : CALCULATE THE VARIOUS CONSTANTS USED THROUGHOUT THE SOLUTION 00006050 00006060 LA = N B - 1 00006070 N O B d l = N0( 1 ) * N B 00006080 N0B(2I = N0(2I*NB 00006090 00006100 NOBl N O B d ) 00006110 N0B2 3 N0B(2 ) 00006120 N013P = N013-l 00006130 N O I P = N014-1 00006140 N015NY = N015*NY 00006150 : I N I T I A L I Z E AND SET TO ZERO THE MATRIX OF NODES NOT I N CONTACT I N I T00006160 00006170 00006180 0 0 5 2 0 0 1 = 1 * N025 00006190 5200 N C C d l = 0 00006200 I F ( N O T C O N . E Q . O I 6 0 TO 5 2 2 0 00006210 : READ IN THE NODAL NUMBERS AT WHICH SUBGRADE REACTION IS PRESUMED 00006220 00006230 : TO BE ZERO 00006240 00006250 READ (5* 1341 ( N Z d l * 1 = 1* NOTCONI *00006260 000062 70 00006280 DO 5210 1 = 1 , NOTCON 00006290 5210 NCC(NZ(I1I = 1 000 06300 5220 IF (NSLAB-ll 11* 11* 15 00006310 11 NONY Nai3 00006320 GO TO 15 00006330 13 NONY s N023-NY 00006340 15 NOO = ( NQNY-ll*N0NY/2
NOIll = NX1*NY*3 N O l = NOl I I N015 s NOl/3
136
c
C C
955 C C C
965
16
55 C 19
21 22 23 27
00006350 00006360 00006370 00006380 ICC = 0 00006390 ICCC = 0 00006400 NIC - 0 00006410 DO 9 5 5 1 = 1 * N 0 2 3 00006420 F((I-11*3>1I = 0 00006430 00006440 DETERMINE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN FINITE ELEMENT MESH 00006450 00006460 NELEM = ( N Y - l ) * ( N X - N S L A B t 00006470 N Y I = NV-1 00006480 I F THE SLAB AND SUBGRADE ARE NOT ASSUMED IN FULL CONTACT* ITERATE 0 0 0 0 6 4 9 0 00006500 UNTIL THE SAME CONTACT CONDITIONS ARE OBTAINED 00006510 00006520 00006530 NIC = NIC4-1 00006540 00006550 INITIALIZE SUBGRADE STIFFNESS MATRIX 00006560 0 0 16 I = 1* NOO 00006570 Hill s 0 00006580 IC = 0 00006590 0 0 5 5 I = 1* N023 00006600 P P F d ) F(( 1-11*3*11 00006610 ABdl = 0 00006620 00006630 I N I T I A L I Z E SLAB STIFFNESS MATRIX 00006640 00006650 0 0 19 I = 1 * N0B2 00006660 Cdl s 0 00006670 PA s 0 00006680 PB = 0 000066 90 00006700 GENERATE STIFFNESS MATRIX OF EACH ELEMENT 00006710 00006720 DO 2 0 0 K = 1 * NELEM 00006730 11 = ( K - l l / N Y l 00006740 12 = K-I1*NY1 00006750 I F (NSLAB-21 2 1 * 22f 2 2 00006760 N O D d l = K-I1 00006770 GO TO 2 7 00006780 I F I K - N Y 1 * ( N X 1 - 1 ) ) 2 1 * 2 1 * 23 00006790 00006800 I I = 11*1 00006810 N O O ( l ) = K*I14^NY1 00006820 N 0 D ( 2 I = NaD( 1 1 * 1 00006830 N 0 D ( 3 I = N0D(1I4-NY N 0 D ( 4 ) = N3D(3)-1 I N I T I A L I Z E VARIABLES ANO MATRICES
137
A = (Xdl*2)-X(Il4^1)l/2 B = (Vd24-ll-Y(I2}l/2
C C C TEST FOR DUPLICITY OF CALCULATIONS IF (ABS(A-PA).LT.O.OOl.AND.ABS(B-PBI.LT.0.0011 PA = A PB = B ATB = A*B ATB2 * A T B * * 2 AOB = A/B BOA = B/A A0B2 = A D 8 * * 2 B0A2 = B 0 A * * 2 C C C COMPUTE THE ELEMENT F L E X I B I L I T Y GO TO 100
00006840 00006850
00006860 00006870 00006880 00006890 00006900 00006910 00006920 00006930 00006940 00006950 00006960 00006970 00006980 00006990 00007000 00007010 00007020 00007030 00007040 00007050 00007060 00007070 00007080
MATRIX OF SUBGRADE
XXX = 0 YYYfll = ALa6(2.0l 0 0 24 I = 2 * 2 1 XXX = XXX4-0. 05 24 Y Y Y d l = A L 0 G ( l * S O R T ( l * B D A * * 2 * X X X * * 2 l l CALL OSF ( 0 . 0 5 * YYY* ZZ* 2 1 1 0EF(KI = ( Z Z ( 2 1 I - A L 0 G ( B D A I * 1 I / ( 4 * 5 . 1 4 1 5 9 5 * A I XJ s 0 C
cc
FORMULATE LOAD MATRICES VL AND VM 00 00 IJ DO 95 I = 1* 4 95 J = I* 4 = IJ^l 95 L = 1* 3
00007090 00007100 00007110 00007120 00007130 00007140 00007150
IF (L-2) 20* 50* 40

20 ui - 50 GO = 2*B VL TO 50 GO TO 50
40 VL = 2*A
JJSJIJJS
00007170 00007190 00007180 00007200 00007210 00007220 00007230 ,,.n AÂliti 00007250 00007260 00007270 00007280 00007290 00007300 00007310 00007320
50 0 0 95 M = 1* 5 IJLM = M-(L-11*3*(IJ-11*9 IF d . E O . J . A N O . L . G T . M ) G TO 95 O IF (M-2) 60* 70* 80 60 VM = 1 GO TO 90 70 VM = 2*B GO TO 90 80 VM = 2*A 90 CONTINUE
138
CALCULATE ISOTRY=l:
THE ELEMENTAL S T I F F N E S S <4ATRIX ( I F SLAB HAS GRADE I F SLAB I S OF CONSTANT T H I C K N E S S * ISOTRY=0.)
BEAMS *00007330
I F ( I S O T R Y ) 9 5 0 * 9 2 * 93 S M d J L M ) = R M * ( B 0 A 2 * S M l d J L M ) * A 0 B 2 * S M 2 d J L M I - P R * S N 3 ( IJLM) **0.5*(1.-PR)*SM4(IJLM))*VL*VM/(60.*ArB) GO TO 95 93 S M d J L M ) = F R X * ( B 0 A 2 * S M 1 ( I J L N I - 0 Y F A C * A O B 2 * S M 2 ( I J L M l * D X Y F A C * S M 4 ( *IJLM)I*VL*VM/(60.*ATB) 95 CONTINUE GO TO 189 100 D E F ( K I = D E F ( K - 1 I 189 I J = 0 92
DO 200
C C-
1 = 1 * 4
= AB(N00d))-ATB STIFFNESS MATRIX TO FORM THE OVERALL
AB(NOOd))
cc
SUPERIMPOSE THE ELEMENT S T I F F N E S S MATRIX
DO 200 J = I * 4 IJ = IJ^l 00 200 L = 1* 3 DO 200 M = 1* 3 IJLM M*(L-1)*3-(IJ-1)*9 IF (I.EQ.J.ANO.M.LT.L) GO TO 200 IH s (N0D(I)-l)*Na*3*l*(L-l)*NB*(N3D( J)-NO0(I ))*34-M-L C(IH) = C(IH)*SM(IJLM) 200 CONTINUE
C
ccc
SUPERIMPOSE THE ELEMENT FLEXIBILITY MATRIX TO FORM THE OVERALL FLEXIBILITY MATRIX OF THE SUBGRADE DO 541 1 = 1 * NONY II = d-l)/NY*l 12 = I-(I1-1 )*NY IF (I.GT.NX1*NY( 11=11*1 IF (NCC(dl-l)*NY*l2).EQ.O) GO TO 1502 H(( I*l)*I/2) = H((I*1I*I/2I*1 60 TO 541 IF (I-(I-1I/NV*NY-1) 512* 502* 512 IF d - 1 ) 506* 504* 506 DEF F = 4*0F(1) 60 TO 600 IF d-NONY-NYl) 510* 508, 5 10 DEF F = 4*DEF((NX-1-NSLAB1*NY1+1) GO TO 600 DEF F = 2*(DEF(I-I/NY)*0EF(I-I/HY-NY1)) 60 TO 600 IF (I-(I-1)/NY*NY-NY) 522, 514* 522
1502 502 504 506 508 510 512
00007340 00007350 00007360 00007370 00007380 00007390 00007400 00307410 00007420 00007430 00007440 00007450 00007460 00007470 00007480 00007490 00007500 00007510 00007520 00007530 00007540 00007550 00007560 00007570 00007580 00007590 00007600 00007610 00007620 00007630 00007640 00007650 00007660 00007670 00007680 00007690 00007700 00007710 00007720 000077 30 00007740 00007750 00007760 00007770 00007780 00007790 00007800 00007810
139
514 I F ( I - N Y ) 5 1 8 * 5 1 6 * 518 516 OEFF = 4 * 0 E F ( N Y 1 ) GO TO 600 518 I F d - N O N Y ) 5 1 0 * 5 2 0 * 510 520 OEFF = 4 * 0 E F ( I N X - N S L A B ) * N Y 1 ) 522 I F d - N Y ) 5 2 4 * 6 0 0 * 526 524 OEFF = 2 * ( 0 E F d ) * D E F ( I - l ) )
00007820 00007830 00007840 00007850 00007860
00007870 00007880 00007890 <^ TO 600 00007900 526 IF d-NONY* NVl) 550* 600, 52 8 00007910 00007920 528 OEFF = 2*(0EF(I-I/NY-NY1)*0EF(I-I/NY-NY)) GO TO 600 00007950 530 OEFF = DEFd-I/NYI*OEF(I-I/NY-ll*DEFd-I/NY-NYlI*DEF(I-I/NY-NY) 00007940 600 00 542 L = 1, NSYM 00007950 IF (L.EQ.5) 60 TO 542 00007960 IF (L-2) 270* 272* 274 00007970 270 SIGX = 1 00007980 SIGY = 1 00007990 GO TO 290 00008000 272 IF (NSYM.Ea.3l GO TO 542 00008010 SIGX = -1 00008020 SI6V = 1 00008030 GO TO 290 00008040 274 IF (L-3) 276* 276* 278 00008050 276 SIGX = 1 00008060 SI6V = -I 00008070 GO TO 290 00008080 278 SIGX = -1 00008090 SIGV s -1 00008100 290 00 540 J = I* NONY 00008110 Jl = (J-ll^NY-fl 00008120 J2 = J-(J1-1)*NV 00008130 IF (J.GT.NK1*NY) Jl = Jl*l 00008140 IF (L.EQ.1.AN0.I.EQ.J.0R.L.EQ.2.AND.I.LE.NY.AND.I.EQ.J.0R.L.E0.5. 00008150 *ANO.I.EQ. (I-1)/NY*NY*1.AND.I.EQ.J.0R.L.EQ.4.ANO.I.EQ.1.ANO.J.EQ.1100008160 *G0 TO 222 00008170 6 0 TO 224 00008180 222 AAA 3 OEFF 00008190 00008200 GO TO 226 224 AAA = l/(5.141595*SQRT((Xdl)-SIGX*X( J1))**2*(Y(I2)-SISY*Y(J2))** 00008210 *2)) 00008220 226 H((J*l)*J/2-J*I) = H((J*l)*J/2-J*I)*AAA 00008230 540 CONTINUE 00008240 542 CONTINUE 00008250 541 CONTINUE 00008260 C 00008270 C STORE THE FLEXIBILITY MATRIX OF THE SUBGRADE 00008280 C 00008290 00 9541 I = 1* NOO 00008300
?? !? ^? ...
140
9541 C
cc
C C C
C C
00008310 00008320 I N V E R T THE F L E X I B I L I T Y MATRIX T3 OBTAIN THE S T I F F N E S S MATRIX OF 00008330 -THE SUBGRADE 00008340 00008350 CALL S I N V I H * NONY* l . O E - 0 7 * l E R * NOOl 00008360 I F I I E R . N E . O ) GO TO 6 0 0 0 00008370 0 0 5 4 5 1 = 1 * NOO 00008380 H I D = HI I ) * Y M S P R S 00008390 00008400 - S T I F F N E S S MATRIX OF THE SUBGRADE IS ADDED TO THE S T I F F N E S S MATRIX 00008410 -OF THE SLAB TO O B T A I N THE S T I F F N E S S MATRIX OF THE SYSTEM 00008420 00008430 DO 1 7 2 1 = 1 * N 0 2 * 3 00008440 I F ( N C C ( ( I - l ) / 3 * l ) . N E . O ) GO TO 1 7 2 00008450 00008460 I F d . 6 T . N O l . A N O . I . L E . N 0 1 * N Y * 3 ) GO TO 172 00008470 IF d-NOll 1 9 0 * 190* 191 1 9 0 IK = d - l ) / 3 * l 00008480 00008490 GO TO 192 191 IK = 00008500 d-l)/5*l-NY 00008510 1 9 2 DO 1 7 1 J = 1 * NB* -3 00008520 16 = IK*( J - 1 ) / 3 00008530 IF (I.LE.N31.AN0.IG.GT.N013.0R.IG.GT.NONYI GO TO 1 7 1 00008540 I F (NCCK I - l ) / 3 * l * ( J - l ) / 3 ) . N E . O ) GO TO 1 7 1 00008550 IH = (I-1)*NB*J 00008560 C(IH) = CIIHl*H((IG*l)*IG/2-(J-1)/3) 00008570 171 CONTINUE 00008580 172 CONTINUE 00008590 I F ( N S L A B . E Q . l ) GO TO 2 0 7 00008600 NYNB = N Y * 3 * N B 00008610 00008620 STORE THE S T I F F N E S S C O E F F I C I E N T S AT THE J O I N T 00008630 00008640 0 0 2 0 5 1 = 1 * NYNB 00008650 203 C O d l s C ( N O B l * I 00008660 00008670 ADJUST THE S T I F F N E S S C O E F F I C I E N T S AS A RESULT OF SYMMETRY 00008680 00008690 0 0 2 0 5 I = 1 * NY 00008700 205 C K I - 1 1 * N B * 3 * 1 * N 0 B 1 I = l . O E 2 0 00008710 2 0 7 I F ( N S Y M . E Q . l . O R . N S Y M . E Q . 5 1 GO TO 2 0 3 00008720 I F INSYM-31 1 7 3 * 1 7 5 * 173 000087 30 1 7 3 DO 1 7 4 I = 1 * NY 00003740 1 7 4 C K d - l >*3-2 l * N B * l l = l . O E 20 00008750 I F ( N S Y M . E Q . 2 I GO TO 2 0 8 00008760 175 DO 1 7 6 I = 1 * N 0 2 3 * NY 00008770 176 C(((I-l)*3*l)*NB*1) = l.OE 20 00008780 00008790 APPLY GAUSS ELIMINATION TO FORM AN UPPER TRIANGULAR COEFFICIENT
HOd)
HID/YMSPRS
141
00008800 00008810 208 00 215 N = 1, NSLAB 00008820 215 CALL TRIG(N) 00008830 IF (NIC.GT.l) GO TO 931 00008840 00008850 DETERMINE THE COORDINATES OF THE CENTER OF EACH SLAB FOI COMPUTINC00008860 WARPING 00008870 00003880 IF (NSYM-2) 7 0 2 0 * 7030* 7040 00008890 7020 X X d ) = X ( N K l ) / 2 . 00008900 YYll) = YlNY)/2. 00008910 6 0 TO 7070 00008920 7050 X X I l l = 0 . 00003930 YVd) = Y(NY)/2. 00008940 GO TO 7 0 7 0 00008950 7040 I F (NSYM-41 7 0 5 0 * 7 0 6 0 * 7 0 2 0 00008960 7 0 5 0 XX( 1) = X ( N X l ) / 2 . 00008970 YVd) = 0. 00008980 6 0 TO 7 0 7 0 00003990 7060 X X d l = 0 . 00009000 00009010 Y Y d l = 0. 00009020 7 0 7 0 I F ( N S L A B . E Q . l ) 6 0 TO 7 0 8 0 00009030 XX(2) = ( X ( N X I * X ( N X l l l / 2 . 00009040 YY(2) = Y(MY)/2. 00009050 IF (NSYM.E3.3.OR.NSYM.EQ.4) YY(2)=0. 00009060 C 00009070 C READ I N GAP, T E M P , AND LOAD DATA 00009080 C 00009090 7 0 8 0 READ ( 5 * H I ) NGAP* NTEMP* NLOAD* I C L * NCK* NWT * TEMP, 0, DELi 00009100 *OELF, RFJ, ICLF *00009110 00009120 00009130 WRITE ( 6 , 1 1 2 ) 00009140 W R I T E 1 6 , 1 1 3 1 NSYM* NB 00009150 WRITE ( 6 * 1 1 4 1 N X l * NY* NCYCLE* NPRINT 00009160 W R I T E ( 6 * 1 1 5 1 NLOAD* I C L , NCK, NWT, Q* D E L * D E L F * R F J , ICLF 00009170 W R I T E ( 6 , 1 1 6 1 ( X ( I 1 , I = 1 * NXl 00009180 WRITE ( 6 * 1 1 7 ) ( Y ( I I * I > 1 * NY) 00009190 C 00009200 C R E A D I N NODE LOCATIONS USED TO CHECK CONVERGENCE 00009210 C 00009220 READ (5* 104) ( N O O C K d l * 1 = 1* NCKl *00009230 C< 00009240 C 00009250 WRITE (6* 1181 (NOOCKdl* 1=1* NCK) 00009260 If INREAO-1) 678, 677, 981 00009270 C 00009280 READ IN LOCATIONS OF SPECIFIED OR PRE-CALCULATED CURL cC
MATRIX*
WHICH W I L L
BE USED
LATER
FOR
ITERATION
7C
74
142
00009290 00009300 00009310 00009320 6 0 TO 9 8 3 00009330 678 00 680 1 = 1 * N023 00009340 680 CURLII) = 0. 00009350 I F ( N G A P . E a . O ) GO TO 1 0 6 9 00009360 C 00009370 00009380 C' READ I N GAP LOCATIONS 00009390 c 00009400 READ 1 5 * 1 3 4 ) ( N G d ) * 1 = 1 , N G A P ) '00009410 00009420 00009430 C READ I N L O C A T I O N S OF S P E C I F I E D OR PRE-CALCULATED CURL 00009440 C 00009450 READ ( 5 , 1 1 9 ) ( C U R L ( N G ( I ) I , 1 = 1 * NGAPI 00009460 00009470 00009430 C COMPUTE THE CURLING OF SLAB DUE TO TEMPERATURE D I F F E R E N T I A L S AND 00009490 C ADO I T TO THE CAP TO FORM TOTAL CURLING ANO GAP 00009500 C 00009510 1 0 6 9 I F ( N T E M P . E Q . O ) GO TO 9 8 1 00009520 DO 3 I = 1 * NX 00009530 I F ( I - N X l ) 7 100* 7100* 7200 00009540 7100 N = 1 00009550 GO TO 7 3 0 0 00009560 7200 N = 2 00009570 7 3 0 0 0 0 3 J = 1 * NY 00009580 5 C U R L K I - 1 ) * N Y * J I = O . O 0 0 0 0 2 5 * T E M P * ( (X d ) - X X ( N ) ) * * 2 * ( Y( J ) - Y Y ( N) ) * * 00009590 *2 ) / T * C U R L ( d - l ) * N Y - t - J ) 00009600 9 8 1 CONTINUE 00009610 I F (NWT) 2 ? 6 * 9 8 3 * 292 00009620 C 00009630 C I f NUT I S NOT ZERO* COMPUTE THE V E R T I C A L N30AL FORCES DUE TO THE 00009640 C WEIGHT OF SLAB 00009650 C 00009660 C . . . R E A D I N WEIGHT OF SLAB FOUNDATION OF N0N-C3NSTANT C R O S S - S E C T I O N 00009(70 C AND/OR L I V E LOAD AS UNIFORMLY D I S T R I B U T E D LOADING 00009680 C 00009690 2 9 2 READ ( 5 * 1 2 0 ) QSLAB '00009700 c ***************************************************************** *****' 00009710 00009720 C 00009750 OQ = QSLAB 00009740 00 295 I = 1* N023 00009750 295 F O d ) = QSLAB*AB( I) 00009760 GO TO 931 00009770 C DISTRIBUTE WEIGHT OF SLAB OF CONSTANT* RECTANGUALR CROSS SECTION
677 READ 1 5 , 137) (CURLII), 1=1, N023)
143
296 297
DO FO 00 GO IF
297 I = 1*N023 d I = WK*ABdl = WK TO 9 3 1 NWT IS ZERO* INITIALIZE THE NODAL FORCES TO ZERO
c cc
983 0 0 952 I = 1 * N023 952 F O d I = 0 9 3 1 0 0 1 9 5 1 1 = 1 * N023 1931 P F d ) = 0 . DO 1 8 I = 1 * N02 18 F i l l = 0 I F I N I C . G T . I ) GO TO 8 7 1 I F I N L O A O . E Q . O ) GO TO 9 3 3 C COMPUTE NODAL FORCES DUE TO A P P L I E D OF A P P L I E D 1=1* LOADS NLOAD) LOADINGS
c
READ I N LOCATION 15* 134)
c
READ (NL(I)*
c**** c c c
201 C****
DO 2 0 1 -READ IN I. = 1 * NLOAD OF LOAD ON EACH LOADED XDA(I*2l* YDA(I*1)* ELEMENT Y0Ad*2)
DISTRIBUTION 121)
READ ( 5 *
XDA(I*1I*
c
C
WRITE (6* 122) 00 202 1 = 1 * NLOAO 202 WRITE 16* 123) N L d ) * XDA(I*1)* XDA(I*2)* Y0A(I*1)* YDA(I*2) FIND FORCE DUE TO APPLIED LIVE LOAD DO 300 K = 1 * NLOAO IF (NSLAB.EQ.l) GO TO 803 IF (NL(K)-(NX1-1)*NY1I 803* 803* 801 801 II = (NLIK)-11/NY1*1 12 = NL(KI-(I1-11*NY1 N O D d l = NL(K)*NY1*I1 GO TO 804 803 II = (NL(K)-1I/NY1 12 = NL(K)-I1*NY1 N O O d ) = NL(K)*I1 804 N00(2) = Nao( 1)*1 N00(3) = N0D(1)*NY
cc
00009780 00009790 00009800 00009810 00009820 00009830 00009840 00009850 00009860 00009870 00009880 00009890 00009900 00009910 00009920 00009930 00009940 00009950 00009960 000099 70 00009980 00009990 ^00010000 00010010 00010020 00010030 00010040 00010050 00010060 ^00010070 00010080 00010090 00010100 00010110 00010120 00010130 00010140 00010150 00010160 00010170 00010180 00010190 00010200 00010210 00010220 00010230 00010240 00010250 00010260
144
N0D(4) C ^ f*D
= NUD(3)*1
00010270 00010290
CONTRIBUTING LOADED AREA FOR EACH NODE
^ C
C
A = (X(Il*2)-Xdl*l))/2 B a (Y(I2*l)-Y(I2)l/2
DETERMINE FORCE ACTING ON NODE DUE TO APPLIED LOADING
00010300
00010310 00010320 00010330 00010340
210 220 250 240 250
OK = Q*A*B N0D13 = (N00(l)-ll*3 NOD33 = (N30(3I-11*3 X O d ) = XDA(K*2I-XDA(K,1) YD(1) = YDA(K,2)-YDA(K,1) X0(2) = (XDA(K*2)*X0A(K*l))/2 YD(2) = (YDA(K,2)*YDA(K,l))/2 DO 300 I = 1 , 4 IF (1-2) 210, 220* 230 XI = -1 YI = -1 GO TO 260 XI = -1 YI = 1 60 TO 260 IF d - 5 ) 240* 240* 250 XI = 1 YI = -1 60 TO 260 XI = 1 YI 1
= F O ( N O O ( I ) I * 0 . 2 5 * Q K * ( 1*XI*XD(2I ) * ( 1 * Y I * Y D ( 2 ) 1 * X D ( 1 ) *
00010350 00010360 00010370 00010380 00010390 00010400 00010410 00010420 00010450 00010440 00010450 00010460 00010470 00010480 00010490 00010500 00010510 00010520 00010530 00010540 00010550 00010560
00010570 00010580 00010590 00010600 00010610 00010620
260 FOINOOd)) *yO(l) 300 CONTINUE C C C
CHECK FOR SECOND L0ADIN6 ON SLAB
If (NSLOAO.EQ.O) 60 TO 935 C
00010630 00010640
C C O M P U T E NODAL FORCES DUE TO SECOND LOADING 00010650 C -READ I N INTENSITY OF SECOND LOADING AND NUMBER OF ELEMENTS LOADED 0 0 0 1 0 6 6 0 C BV THIS 00010670
00010680
READ ( 5 * 1 4 9 ) NFLOAD* 02 00010690 C***********************************************************************00010700 C 000 10710
WRITE (6* 143) WRITE (6* 150) NFLOAD* 02 C

C READ IN LOCATION OF SECOND SET OF APPLIED LOADS
00010720 00010730 00010740

00010750
145
00010760 00010770 ^00010780 C 00010790 c- -READ I N DISTRIBUTION OF SECOND LOADING ON EACH LOADED ELEMENT 00010800 c 00010810 DO 4 0 1 1 = 1 * NFLOAD 00010820 00010830 4 0 1 READ 1 5 * 1 2 1 ) X D A 2 ( I * 1 1 * X 0 A 2 ( I * 2 I * Y D A 2 ( I , 1 I , YDA2( 1,21 C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ^00010840 00010850 c 00010860 WRITE ( 6 * 1 5 1 1 00010870 0 0 4 0 2 1 = 1 * NFLOAD 402 WRITE ( 6 * 1 2 3 1 N F L d I * X 0 A 2 ( I * 1 1 * X 0 A 2 ( I * 2 I * V D A 2 ( I * 1 I * Y D A 2 ( I * 2 1 00010880 00010890 C 00010900 C FIND FORCE DUE TO APPLIED SECOND LOADING 00010910 C 00010920 DO 4 0 5 K = 1 * NFLOAD 00010930 I F ( N S L A B . E Q . l l 6 0 TO 404 00010940 I F I N F L I K 1 - I N X 1 - 1 I * N Y 1 I 4 0 4 * 404* 405 00010950 405 I I = I N F L I K l - 1 1 / N V l * ! 00010960 12 = N F L I K I - I I 1 - 1 1 * N V 1 00010970 NOOdl = NFLIK1*NV1*I1 00010980 6 0 TO 406 00010990 404 I I = I N F L I K l - l l / N Y l 00011000 12 = N f L I K l - I l * N Y l 00011010 NODdl = NFLIKI*I1 00011020 406 N 0 D ( 2 I = N 0 0 ( 1 I * 1 00011030 N00(51 = NOOdl^NY 00011040 N 0 D ( 4 1 = N0DI514-1 00011050 C 00011060 -FIND CONTRIBUTING LOADED AREA FOR EACH NODE C00011070 c 00011080 A = IKdl*21-Xdl*lll/2 00011090 B IYd2*ll-Y(I211/2 00011100 C 00011110 C DETERMINE FORCE ACTING ON NODE DUE TO APPLIED LOADING 00011120 C 00011130 0K2 Q2*A*B 00011140 N0015 = ( N 0 D ( 1 I - 1 1 * 5 00011150 N0055 = ( N 0 D ( 5 1 - 1 1 * 5 00011160 X D d l = XDA2(K*2I-XDA2(K*11 00011170 V O I l l = V0A2(K*2)-YDA2IK*1) 00011180 X0I2) = IX0A2IK*2)*XDA2IK*l))/2 00011190 Y0I2) = IYDA2IK*2)*Y0A2IK*lll/2 00011200 0 0 405 1 = 1 * 4 00011210 I F 1 1 - 2 1 4 0 7 * 4 0 8 * 409 00011220 407 X I = - 1 00011230 YI = - 1 00011240 6 0 TO 410 READ ( 5 * 1 0 4 ) ( N F L ( I ( * 1 = 1 * NFLOAOI
146
408 XI = - 1 YI = 1 GO TO 410 409 IF 1 1 - 3 1 4 1 1 * 4 1 1 * 412 411 XI = 1 YI = - 1 6 0 TO 410 412 XI = 1 YI = I 410 FOINOOIIII = F O I N O 0 I I l l * 0 . 2 5 * O K 2 * l l * X I * X D l 2 l l * l l * V I * Y D I 2 l l * X D t l l * VOID
405 CONTINUE 955 I F I N S L A B . E Q . l l 60 TO 8 7 1 DO 875 I = 1 * NY 875 FOIN015-NY4-I1 = F 0 I N 0 1 3 - N Y * I 1 *F 01 N 0 1 3 * I I
00011250 00011260 00011270 00011280 00011290 00011300 00011510 00011320 00011350 00011540 00011550
00011560 00011570 00011580 00011390
C
C C FIND D E F L E : T I 0 N LIVE LOAD
DUE TO SLAB
00011400
WEIGHT AND/OR UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED 00011410 00011420
C 871 DO 502 1 = 1 * N025 502 F I ( I - 1 1 * 5 * 1 1 = F O d I

IF (NLOAD.EO.O.AND.NWT.EQ.O) GO TO 1505
00011430 00011440 00011450

00011460
C
C C COMPUTE DEFLECTIONS AS I F ONLY ONE SLAB EXISTS CALL LOAOM ( I I 1503 CONTINUE
00011470
00011480 00011490 00011500 00011510
C
C UNDER A GIVEN CONTACT CONDITION* APPLY ITERATION PROCESS UNTIL C-DEFLECTIONS CONVERGE
00011520
THE00011550 00011540
C 510 IC s IC*1 0 0 2 I = 1* N025 IF ( I C . E Q . 1 . A N 0 . I . G T . N 0 1 3 1 2 P F d l F((I-1I*5*11

1952 IF INSLAB.EQ.il 6 0 TO 526
C TO 1952 O
00011550 00011560 00011570 00011580 00011590

00011600
IF l i e . E Q . l l
60 TO 511
00011610
00011620 00011650 00011640 00011650 00011660
0 0 945 I = NOIP* N02 945 F i l l = 0 0 0 947 I = N015P* N025 947 F I ( I - 1 1 * 5 * 1 1 = F O d l C
C C ( .
If TWO SLABS EXIST* DETERMINE THE NODAL FORCES IN THE RIGHT SLAB DUE TO THE DEFLECTIONS OF THE SUBGRADE. DO 797 I = N015P* N025 IF (NCC(I).NE.O) GO TO 797 IF (I.LE. NOl 3*NY) GO TO 797 K = I-NY
00011670 00011680 00011690 00011700 00011710 ???ff!?? 00011730
147
00 IF IF IF *" an'ri
795 J = 1 * N023 ( N C C ( J ) . N E . O ) GO TO 795 (J.6T.N015.ANO.J.LE.N015*NYI ( J - N 0 1 5 ) 1050* 1050* 1052 i..
GO TO 795
00011740 00011750 00011760 00011770 00011780
,o -
^. IV^
00011790
00011800 00011810 00011820 00011850 00011840 00011850 00011860 00011870 00011880 00011890 00011900 00011910 00011920 00011950 00011940 00011950 00011960 00011970 00011980 00011990
1052 M J-MY 1054 IF I J . 6 T . I - N B / 5 . A N O . J . L T . I * N B / 3 . A N D . J . 6 T . N 0 1 3 I 60 TO 748 I f IK-M) 7 i 2 * 7 4 2 * 744 742 HH = HIIM*l)*N/2-M*K) 0 TO 754 744 HH = HIIK*l)*K/2-K*MI 754 I f I N T E M P . E Q . O . A N O . N L O A D . N E . O . A N O . C U R L I J I . L E . 0 1 60 TO 746 f K I - l l * 5 * l l s f (II-1I*5*11-(PFIJI-CURL(J))*HH 6 0 TO 795 746 F ( ( I - 1 ) * 5 * 1 ) = F I I I - 1 I * 5 * 1 1 - P F I J I * H H 6 0 TO 795 748 I F I K - M I 7 8 6 * 7 8 6 * 788 786 HH = H ( I M * l l * M / 2 - M * K I 6 0 TO 792 788 HH = H I ( K * l l * K / 2 - K * M l 792 I F I N T E M P . E O . O . A N O . N L O A O . N E . O . A N D . C U R L I J I . L E . 0 1 6 0 TO 795 F I I I - 1 I * 5 * 1 I = F l d - l l * 5 - l l * C U R L I J}*HH 795 CONTINUE 797 CONTINUE C
C E Q U A T E THE DEFLECTIONS OF THE JOINT AT THE RI6HT SLAB TO THOSE AT 00012000 C THE LEFT SLAB 00012010 C 00012020
00012050 00012040 C 00012050 C - C O M P U T E DEFLECTIONS OF THE RIGHT SLAB 00012060 C 00012070 CALL LOAOM ( 2 1 00012080 C 00012090 C DETERMINE THE NDOAL FORCES IN THE LEFT SLAB DUE TO THE DEFLECTIONS00012100 C Of THE SUB6RA0E 00012110 C 00012120 526 0 0 515 I = 1* NOl 00012150 515 f i l l = 0 00012140 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 = 1 * N015 00012150 1100 F l d - l l * 3 * l l = F O d l 00012160 0 0 1 5 9 5 I = 1* N015 00012170 IF ( N C C ( I ) . N E . O l 60 T 1395 O 00012180 DO 395 J = 1 * N023 00012190 I F ( N C C ( J 1 . N E . 0 1 GO TO 595 00012200 I F ( J . G T . N 0 1 3 . A N O . J . L E . N 0 1 5 * N Y I 60 TO 395 00012210 IF ( J - N 0 1 5 ) 2 0 5 0 * 2050* 2 0 3 2 00012220 511 0 0 512 I = N015P* N015NY 512 F I I I - 1 I * 5 * 1 1 = l . O E 2 0 * I P F I I I * R F J * l f l l I - N Y - l l * 5 * l l - P f ( I l l l
148
00012250 00012240 00012250 00012260 00012270 00012280 00012290 00012500 I f N T E M P . t O . O . A N O . N L O A D . N E . O . A N D . C U R L ( J I . L E . 0 1 60 TO 546 00012510 f 1(1-11*5*11 = F((I-11*5*1I-(PF(JI-CURL(JI1*HH 00012520 6 0 TO 595 00012550 546 f ( d - l l * 5 * l l = f ( ( I - l ) * 5 * l ) - P f ( J | * H H 00012340 6 0 TO 595 00012350 548 I f (I-MI 586* 586* 588 00012360 586 HH = H ( ( M * l l * M / 2 - M * I l 00012570 6 0 TO 592 00012580 588 HH = H ( ( I * l l * I / 2 - I * M l 00012590 592 I f (NTEMP.EQ.O.AND.NLOAD.NE.O.AND.CURL(Jl.LE.O) 60 TO 395 00012400 f ( ( I - l ) * 3 * l ) = f ((I-1I*3*1I*CURLIJ1*HH 00012410 595 CONTINUE 00012420 1595 CONTINUE 00012450 I f I N S L A B . E Q . l ) 6 0 TO 524 00012440 00012450 COMPUTE THE VERTICAL NODAL fORCES AL0N6 THE JOINT I N THE LEfT SLA B00012460 DUE TO THE DEfLECTIONS OF THE RI6HT SLAB 00012470 00012480 0 0 516 I = 1 * NY 00012490 J = II-11*NB*5*1 00012500 N5 = I N 0 1 5 - N Y - 1 * I 1 * 5 * 1 00012510 DO 514 K = 1 * NB 00012520 JLBK = J - I L A * 1 - K 1 * L A 00012550 I f I J L B K . L E . O I 60 TO 514 00012540 00012550 flN5l = FIN51-COIJLBKl*Fld-ll*5-LA*K*N01 I 00012560 514 CONTINUE 00012570 DO 516 K = 1 * LA 00012580 I f I I . E 0 . N Y . A N D . K . 6 T . L A - 5 I GO TO 524 00012590 516 f l N 5 1 F I N 5 1 - C 0 ( J * K 1 * F I I I - 1 I * 5 * 1 * K * N 0 1 1 00012600 C 00012610 cCOMPUTE DEFLECTIONS OF THE LEFT SLAB 00012620 c 00012650 524 CALL LOAOM I I I 00012640 c 00012650 cCHECK CONVERGENCE UNDER A GIVE CONTACT C 0 N 9 I T I 0 N AND REPEAT THE 00012660 c- P R O C E S S I F DESIRED ACCURACY I S NOT OBTAINED. 00012670 551 0 0 540 1 = 1 * NCK 00012680 I F ( F ( ( N O O C K ( I ) - 1 ) * 3 * 1 ) . E Q . 0 . ) 60 TO 340 00012690 If( ABS(OF(NODCKd))/F((NODCK( 11-11* 5*111.6T .OEL.AND. IC. LT. 00012700 *ICLI 60 TO 310 00012710 540 CONTINUE
2050 M = J 6 0 TO 2054 2052 M = J-NY 2054 I f ( J . 6 T . I - N B / 5 . A N 0 . J . L T . I * N B / 5 . > A N 0 . J . L E . N 0 1 5 I 60 TO 548 I f d - M ) 5 4 2 , 5 4 2 * 544 542 M = H((M*l)*M/2-M*II M 544 6 0 TO 554 554 HH = H ( ( I * l l * l / 2 - I * M l
149
00012720 00012730 A S S I 6 N A NEW CONTACT CONDITION 00012740 00012750 DO 5 4 50 I = 1* N025 00012760 C A P d l = F ( ( I-11*5*11-CURLI II 000127 70 IF ( 6 A P ( I 1 1 5410* 5420* 5420 00012780 5410 N C C d l = 1 00012790 6 0 TO 5 4 3 0 00012800 5420 N C C d l = 0 00012810 5 4 5 0 CONTINUE 00012820 00012830 C H E C K C0NVER6 ENCE BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT CONTACT CONDITIONS AND 00012840 REPEAT THE PR OCESS I F D E S I R E D ACCURACY I S NOT OBTAINED 00012850 00012860 00 5452 I = 1 * NCK 00012870 (II-l)*5*l).EQ.O.I CO TO 5 4 5 2 00012880 IF (F(INOO:K NOOCK ( I ) - l ) * 5 * 1 1-PPF ( N O O C K d l I I / F ( I N O O C K d l - 1 1 * 5 * 1 1 1 00012890 IF lABSKFd N I C . L T . N C Y L E l 6 0 TO 9 6 5 00012900 *.6T.OEL.AND. 00012910 54 52 C O N T I N U E 00012920 ; UNDER THE F l NAL CONTACT C O N D I T I O N , CHAN6E I C F TO I C L F AND DEL TO 00012930 ; DELF TO OBTA I N MORE ACCURATE RESULTS 00012940 9541 I f d C C C . E Q . 11 GO TO 5 4 1 00012950 ICCC = ICCC* 1 00012960 I C L = ICLF 00012970 DEL = DELF 00012980 6 0 TO 510 00012990 00013000 541 I C C 3 I C C * 1 00013010 00013020 IF ( I C C . E Q . l I GO TO 3 5 0 00015050 I f (NUT . E Q . O ) GO TO 5 5 0 00015040 00015050 D E T E R M I N E TH E F I N A L CURL AS THE D I F F E R E N C E BETWEEN THE I N I T I A L 00013060 C U R L ANO THE D E F L E C T I O N AT EACH NODE 00015070 00013080 0 0 958 1 = 1 , N025 00013090 9 5 8 CURL I I I = F l ( I - 1 ) * 5 * 1 ) - C U R L ( I ) 00013100 C cCHANGE SIGN ON VALUE OF CURL: NEGATIVE SIGN I N D I C A T E S GAP BETWEEN 00013110 00013120 SLAB ANO SUBGRADE c00013130 c 00013140 DO 5820 I = 1* N025 00013150 5820 CURLII) = -C U R L d l 00013160 550 CONTINUE 00013170 C 00013180 STRESSES AT DESIGNATED NODAL POINTS OMPUTE THE c 00013190 c 00013200 IF (ISOTRY) 950* 8000* 8100 c cc
IF
(ICCC.EO.
1.OR.NCYLE.EQ.il 60 TO 9541
150
C C
CALL SUBROUTINE SOLID I F
SLAB I S CONSTANT THICKNESS SLAB
8000 CALL SOLID ( N P R I N T * NY* N X l * NX* PR* RM* T* NSYM* NKENTl GO TO 8500 C C CALL SUBROUTINE TEE I F SLAB I S STIFFENED SECTION SLAB C SlOO CALL TEE ( N P R I N T * NY* N X l * NX* OXYfAC* fRX* TEX* TEY* NSYM* *OVfAC* NKENTl 8500 NKENT = 1 I f d C C . L T . 2 1 GO TO 510 900 CONTINUE 950 CONTINUE 6000 CONTINUE C C PRINT DEfLECTION RESULTS C WRITE 16* 1 2 4 1 WRITE ( 6 * 1251 WRITE ( 6 * 1 2 6 1 ( I * f ( d - l l * 5 * l l * 1 = 1 * N0151 DO 999 1 = 1 * N015 999 C U N A d I = F ( d - l ) * 5 * l l OEFLMX = 0 . 0 DO 996 1 = 1 * N013 996 I F ( O E F L M X . L T . 6 U N A d l l OEFLMX = 6UNA( 11 OEFLMN = G U N A I l l DO 997 1 = 1 * N013 I F I D E F L M N . L T . G U N A d l l 60 TO 997 DEfLMN = 6 U N A d l 997 CONTINUE 0 0 998 1 = 1 * N015 998 I R d l - I CALL VSRTR (6UNA* N015* I R l WRITE 1 6 * 1 2 7 1 WRITE 1 6 * 1 2 5 1 WRITE ( 6 * 1261 ( I R d l * 6 U N A ( I 1 * 1 = 1 * N0131 WRITE ( 6 * 1281 DEfLMN* DEfLHX C
cc
-CALCULATE AND PRINT DIFFERENTIAL DEFLECTIONS CALL MSLP (N0151
C P R I N T STRESS RESULTS C WRITE 16* 1291 WRITE (6* 1301 DO 887 1 = 1 * NPRINT 887 WRITE 16* 1311 N P d l * (STR(I*J1* J* 161
00013210 00013220 00013230 00013240 00013250 00013260 00013270 00013280 00013290 00013500 00015510 00015520 00015550 00015540 00015550 00015560 00015570 00015580 00015390 00013400 00013410 00015420 000154 50 00015440 00015450 00015460 00015470 00015480 000154 90 00015500; 00013510 00015520 00015550 00015540 00015550 00015560 00015570 00015580 00013590 00013600 00013610 00013620 00015630 00013640 00013650 00015660 00015670 00015680 00013690
151
c
C C PRINT MOMENT RESULTS WRITE (6* 1321 WRITE (6* 153) WRITE 16* 154) DO 886 1 = 1 * NPRINT 886 WRITE (6* 151) NP(I)* XMOM(I)* Y M O M d ) * X Y M O M d ) 00 776 1 = 1 * NPRINT 776 I R d ) = I CALL VSRTR (XMOM* NPRINT* IRl WRITE (6* 1521 WRITE (6* 1551 WRITE (6* 1561 WRITE (6* 1381 ( I R d l * XMOMIII* 1= 1* NPRINTl 00 775 1 = 1 * NPRINT 775 I R d l = I CALL VSRTR IYMOM* NPRINT* IRl WRITE (6* 1521 WRITE (6* 137) WRITE (6*1531 ( I R d l * YMOMdl* 1= 1* NPRINTl
C C
PRINT SMEAR RESULTS WRITE (6* 1591 WRITE (6* 1401 WRITE (6* 14110021130 WRITE (6* 1421 (I* V X d l * I* 1* NXYI WRITE (6* 1451 WRITE (6* 1421 (I* V Y d l * 1= 1* NYX1 WRITE (6* 1591 WRITE 16* 1441 WRITE 16* 141) 00 888 I 1* NXY
888 I R d l = I CALL VSRTR I V K * NXY* WRITE 16* 1421 l I R d l WRITE 1 6 * 1 4 5 1 DO 777 I = 1 * NYX 777 I R d l = I CALL VSRTR I V Y * NYX* WRITE 16* 1 4 2 1 l I R d l IRl * VXIIl* I 1 * NXYI
00013700 00015710 00015720 00015750 00013740 00015750 00015760 00015770 00015780 00015790 00015800 00015810 00015820 00013830 00015840 00015850 00015860 00015870 00015880 00015890 00015900 00015910 00015920 00015950 00015940 00013950 00013960 00015970 00015980 00015990 00014000 00014010 00014020 00014050
00014040 00014050 00014060 !?!}*!'; 00014080 00014090 !tl? 00014110
IRl * VYdl*
1= 1 * HYXl
cc
PRINT MAXIMUM SHEAR VALUES

WRITE 16* 1 4 5 1 VXMAXN* VXMAXP* VYMAXN* VYMAXP END
00014120 ?!tlf 00014140

JJJJtJ! 00014180
152
C C C
00014190 00014200 SUBROUTINE CALCULATES STRESSES FOR SLAB OF CONSTANT THICKNESS 00014210 00014220 DIMENSION C 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * F I 2 1 0 0 1 * 6 ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 *NOl21*XI6501*YI6501STRI650*00014250 *6>*NPI 6501 *XMOMI6501*YMOMI6501*XYM0M(6501*MXDIF(6501*NYDIF(6501* 00014240 *XT( 6501*VT( 6501*0X16501*DYI6501*MXYDIFI 6501tNVXOIFl6501*VX16501* 000142 50 *VYI6501*YXMOM16501*IRl6501*6UNAI6501 00014260 C 00014270 COMMON C*F*6*N0*NB*X*Y*STR*NP*XM0M*YM0M*XYM0M*XT*YT*DX*0Y*MX0IF* 00014280 *M YD IF*MXYDIF*MYXDIF*YXMOM*VX*VY*NXY*NYX*VXMAXN*VXMAXP*VYMAXN* 00014290 *VYMAXP 00014500 C 00014510 REAL MXOIF* MYOIF* MXYDIF* MYXDIF* MOIX* MOIY 00014520 C 00014330 C 00014540 NOl = NX1*NY*5 00014550 N013 NOl/3 00014560 00014570 C C B E 6 I N S0LVIN6 STRESS MATRIX FOR INTERNAL MOMENTS 00014580 C 00014590 DO 450 I = 1* NPRINT 00014400
SUBROUTINE SOLID INPRINT* NY* NXl* NX* PR* RM* T* NSYM* NKENTl
11 = I N P d l - l l / N Y * l
12 = N P I I I - I l l - l l * N Y IF I N P d l - N 0 l 5 l 555* 555* 557 555 N = 0 Ml = 0 NXX = NXl NPl = I N P d l - l l * 5 GO TO 558 557 N s NOl Nl = Nal3 NXX~= NX NPl = ( N P ( I I - N 0 1 5 - 1 * 5 558 NP2 = NP1*5*NY NP5 = NP1-5*NY C
00014410
00014420 00014450 00014440 00014450 00014460 00014470 00014480 00014490 00014500 00014510 JtHS SJJlt"? Tr.^ltr^ 00014550 00014570 00014580 00014590 ftnft,i.*.An "JJlt^?; OoSiJtJS J,!t*n 2S2}rl!S JSJIttto SSJ}!t!n SJSutJo
cc
ZERO OUT OLD STRESS MATRIX
0 0 1 3 5 9 J = 1* 5 1559 STR(I*J1 = 0 . C DETERMINE IF NODE IS ON PERIMETER OF SLAB C CORNER N0DE7 IF (NP(II.Ea.NY*NXXI 60 TO 450 C TOP ED6E NODE? IF ( N P ( I l . E Q . ( N P d l - l l / N Y * N Y * N Y l 60 TO 575 C SIDE ED6E NODE? I f ( N P ( I ) . 6 E . N V * ( N X X - 1 ) * 1 ) 60 TO 420 C
153
I T " ? " " ; ; ? ^ , " ? ! ? " " ^ " ^ * " " ' DIMENSIONS AND SOLVE FOR M( I ) - 1 XI 1 1 * 1 l - X d l ) ) / 2 : ^y[\l*l*'y*l2n/2 *" " < "O** = B/ S T R d * l ) = (6*(BDA*PR*ADB)*F(N*NP1*1)-8*A*PR*F(N*NP1*2)*8*B*F(N* *NPl*5l-6*A0B*PR*f(N*NPl*4l-4*A*PR*f(N*NP1*5-6*B0A*FIN*NP2*1I*4* *B*FIN*NP2*511/I4*A*B1 S T R d 2 1 = (6*(A0B*PR*B0AI*F(N*NP1*1I-8*A*F(N*NPI*21*8*B*PR*FIN* *NPl*5l-6*ADa*FlN*NPl*41-4*A*FlN*NPl*5l-6*BDA*PR*FIN*NP2*ll*4*B* *PR*F(N*NP2*5II/(4*A*B1 STR(I*51 = 0.5*(1-PRI*(-2*F(N*NP1*11*4*B*F(N*NP1*2I-4*A*F(N*NP1* *5I*2*F(N*NP1*41*4*A*F(N*NP1*61*2*FIN*NP2*1I-4*B*FIN*NP2*21-2*FI *N*NP2*411/I4*A*B1 DETERMINE LOCATION OF NODE IN NODAL 6R ID W R OK I f I N P I I I - 1 - N l l 570* 560* 570 5 6 0 CON = 6 0 TO 4 5 5 I N P I I I . E 0 . I N P I I 1 - 1 I / N Y * N Y * 1 1 6 0 TO 4 2 0 DETERMINE C0NTRIBUTIN6 AREAL DIMENSIONS ANO SOLVE FOR MIJl
A IX(Il*ll-X(Ill}/2 B (Y(I2l-YII2-lll/2 AOB = A/B BOA = B/A S T R d * l l = STRII*11*I-6*ADB*PR*FIN*NP1-2I*4*A*PR*FIN*NP1-11*6*I
00014680 00014690 00014700 00014710 00014720 00014730 00014740 00014750 00014760 00014770 00014780 00014790 00014800 00014810 00014820 00014850 00014840 00014850 00014860 00014870 00014880 00014890 00014900 00014910 00014920 00014950 00014940
*B0A*PR*ADB}*FIN*NP1*1I*8*A*PR*FI N*NPl*21*8* B*FI N*NP1*51-6*B0A*FI *N*NP2*1I*4*B*FIN*NP2*511/I4*A*BI
000149 50 00014960
S T R d * 2 l = STRII21*I-6*ADB*FIN*NP1-2I*4*A*FIN*NP1-11*6*IA0B*PR* 00014970 * B D A I * f l N * N P l * l l * 8 * A * f I N*NP1*2 l * 8 * B * P R * f IN*NP1 *5 1 - 6 * BDA*PR*f I N*NP2*000 1 4 9 8 0 *1I*4*B*PR*FI N*NP2*5II/I4*A*B1 00014990 STRI 1 * 5 ) = S T R l I * 5 1 * 0 . 5 * d - P R l * ( - 2 * F ( N * N P l - 2 1 - 4 * A * F ( N * N P l l * 2 * F ( 00015000 *N*NPl*ll*4*B*F(N*NPl*2l*4*A*F(N*NPl*51*2ftF(N*NP2-21-2*F(N*NP2*ll00015010 *4*B*F(N*NP2*21I/(4*A*BI 00015020 C D E T E R M I N E LOCATION OF NODE IN NODAL 6RI0W0RK 00015050 I f ( N P d l . E O . N Y * N l l GO TO 5 6 0 00015040 I F ( N P d l . E a . ( N P ( I I - l l / N V * N Y * N Y I GO TO 4 5 0 00015050 I f ( N P d I - N Y - N l l 410* 410* 420 00015060 4 1 0 CON = 5 00015070 GO TO 4 5 5 00015080 C 00015090 C D E T E R M I N E CONTRIBUTING AREAL DIMENSIONS AND SOLVE FOR M(Kl 00015100 C 00015110 420 A ( X ( I l l - X ( I l - l l l / 2 00015120 B (Y(I2*ll-Yd2l)/2 00015130 ADB A/B 00015140 BOA B/A 00015150 STRII*11 * STRII*11*I-6*B0A*FIN*NP3*11-4*B*FIN*NP5*51*6*IB0A*PR* 00015160
154
00015240 00015250 430 00015260 c 00015270 cDETERMINE C O N T R I B U T I N G AREAL DIMENSIONS AND SOLVE FOR M I L ) 00015280 c 00015290 430 B = IY(I2)-V(I2-l))/2 00015300 A = IX(ri)-X(Il-l))/2 00015310 AOB = A/B 00015320 BOA = B/A 00015330 S T R d * l ) = STR(I*1)*(-6*BDA*F(N*NP3*1)-4*B*F(N*NP3*3)-6*A0B*PR*F( 00015340 *N*NP1-2)*4*A*PR*F(N*NP1-1I*6*(BDA*PR*AD3)*F(N*NP1*1)*S*A*PR*F(N* 00015350 *NP1*2)-8*B*F(N*NP1*3))/(4*A*B) 00015360 S T R d * 2 ) = STR(I*2)*(-6*8OA*PR*F(N*NP5*ll-4*B*PR*F(N*NP3*31-6*AOB*00015370 F (N*NPI-2)*4 *A*F(N*NP1-11*6*(A0B*PR*B0AI*F( N*NP1*11*8*A*F(N*NP1* 000153 80 *21-8*B*PR*F( N*NP1*311/(4*A*B1 00015390 STR(I*31 = STR(I*31*0.5*(1-PRI*(-2*F(N*NP3-21*2*F(N*NP3*1I*4*B*F( 00015400 *N*NP5*21*2*F(N*NP1-21-4*A*F(N*NP1I-2*FIN*N*1*1I-4*8*FIN*NP1*21* 00015410 *4*A*FIN*NP1*5)1/(4*A*B) 00015420 DETERMINE LOCATION OF NODE IN NODAL GRID WORK 00015430 IF (NP( I).Ea.NY*NXX) 60 TO 360 00015440 IF (NP(I).EO.(NP(I)-1)/NY*NY*NY.OR.NP(I).GE.NY*(NXX-11*11 00015450 *6 0 TO 410 00015460 CON = 1.5 00015470 00015480 SOLUTION OF STRESS MATRIX COMPLETED 00015490 00015500 CONVERT INTERNAL MOMENT TO STRESS 00015510 00015520 00015530 4 5 5 DO 4 5 6 J = 1 * 5 00015540 456 STR(I*J1 ' RM*C0N*STR(I*J1/T**2 00015550 I F ( N P ( I I . E a . ( N P ( I I - 1 1 / N Y * N Y * 1 . A N 0 . NSYM.NE.5.AND.NSYM.NE.4.aR. 00015560 * N P d l . E Q . ( i l P ( I l - l l / N Y * N Y * NYI S T R d * 2 1 = 0 .
I F ( N P d I . L E . N Y . A N D . N S Y M . N E . 2 . A N D . N S Y M . N E . 4 . 0 R . N P ( I 1 . G T . ( N X 1 - 1 ) * N V 0 0 0 1 5 5 70 * . A N D . N P d I . L E . ( N X 1 * 1 I * N Y . O R . N P ( I I . S T . ( N X - 1 I * N Y ) S T R ( I * 1 I = 0. 00015580 IF (STR(I*1 ).EQ.O.OR.STRd *2).EQ.O) STR(I*3) = 0. 00015590 D E T E R M I N E MAJOR ANO MINOR STRESSES AND HORIZONTAL SHEAR X - Y PLANE 00015600 00015610 STR(I*6) = SQRr(0.25*(STR(I*1)-STR(I*2)I**2*STR(I*3)**2) 00015620 STR(I*4) = ISTR(I*l)*STR(I*2))/2.-STR(1*6) 00015630 STR(I*5) = ( STR(I*l)*STRd*2) )/2.*STR(I*6) 00015640 CONTINUE 9876 00015650 4 50 C O N T I N U E
*4*A*flN*NPl*61l/l4*A*Bl I f I N P I I ) . E Q . N V * I N X X - 1 I * 1 1 GO TO 5 6 0 If lNPdl-lNPIIl-l)/NY*NY-l) 430* 410
155
^ C ^
CONVERT
STRESS
TO MOMENT
475 C C
PZOP = T * T / 6 . DO 4 7 5 LP = 1 * N P R I N T XMOM(LP) = S T R ( L P * 1 ) * P Z 0 P YHOM(LP) = STR(LP2)*PZQP XYMOM(LP) = S T R ( L P * 3 ) * P Z Q P CONTINUE I F ( N K E N T . E Q . O ) GO TO 6 0 0 CALCULATE SHEAR FORCES
00015660 00015670 00015680 00015690 00015700 00015710 00015720 00015730 00015740 00015750 00015760 00015770
00015780
CALL SHEAR (NX* NY) C

600 RETURN END SUBROUTINE TEE * O Y F A C , NKENT) SUBROUTINE (NPRINT* NY* NXl* NX* DXYFAC* FRX, TEX, TEY, NSYM,
00015790 00015800
00015810 00015820 00015830 00015840
C
C CALCULATES STRESSES FOR SLAB WITH GRADE BEAMS
00015850
00015860
00015870
D I M E N S I O N C( 1 5 0 0 0 0 ) , F ( 2 1 0 0 I * G ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * NO(21 *X ( 6 5 0 1 * Y ( 6 5 0 ) S T R ( 6 5 0 , 0 0 0 1 5 8 8 0 *61*NP(650I *XMOM(650)*YMOM(650)*XYMOM(6501*MXOIF(650)*MYOIF(650)* 00015890 *XT(650)*YTI 6501*0X(650)*0Y(65 0)*MXYDIF(650)*MVXDIF(650)*VX(650)* 00015900 *V Y ( 6 5 0 ) , y X M 0 M ( 6 5 0 ) * I R ( 6 5 0 ) * C U N A ( 6 5 . 0 ) 00015910 00015920 COMMON C * F * G * N O , N B * X * Y * S T R * N P * X M O M * Y M O N * X Y M O M * X T * Y T * O X , 0 V , M X 0 I F , 0 0 0 1 5 9 30 *MYD I F * M X Y D I F * M Y X O I F t V X M O M * V X * V Y * N X Y * NY X*VXMAXN*VXMAXP,VYMAXN, 00015^40 *VYMAXP 00015950 00015960
REAL MXOIF* HYDIF* MXYDIF* MYXDIF* MOIX, M3 lY C C NOl = NX1*NY*3 N015 = NOl/5 C
C C BEGIN 00 500 SOLVING 1 = 1 , STRESS MATRIX NPRINT FOR INTERNAL MOMENTS
00015970 00015980 00015990 00016000 00016010 00016020

00016030 00016040 00016050
11 = INPI I I - 1 1 / N Y * 1
12 = N P d l - l I1-11*NY I F ( N P ( I ) - N 0 1 3 1 5 * 5* 5 N = 0 Nl = 0 NXX = NXl NPl = ( N P d ) - l ) * 3 GO TO 15 10 N = N O l 10
00016060
00016070 00016080
00016090 00016100 00016110 00016120 00016150 00016140
156
Nl = N013 NXX = NX NPl = (NP(I)-N013-1)*3 15 NP2 = NP1*3*NY NP3 = NP1-3*NY C C C C C ZERO OUT OLD STRESS MATRIX 00 50 J = 1* 50 STR(I*J) = 0 .,, DETERMINE IF NODE IS ON PERIMETER OF SLAB
c
C C O R N E R NODE? IF ( N P d ) .Ea.NV*NXX) 60 TO 300 C TOP EDGE NODE? IF (NP(I).EO.(NP(I)-1)/NY*NY*NY) 60 TO 120 C SIDE E06E N00E7 IF INP(I).6E.NV*(NXX-1(*1) 60 TO 210 C C DETERMINE CONTRIBUTING AREAL DIMENSIONS AND SOLVE FOR M d ) C A (Xdl*l)-X(Il))/2. B = (Y(I2*l)-Y(I2)l/2 DENOM = 4.*A*B ADB = A/3 BDA = B/A STR(I*11 = I6*BDA*F(N*NP1*1 )*8*B*F(N*NP1*31-6*BDA*F(N*NP2*11*4*B* *F(N*NP2*3ll/OENOM STR(I*2I = (6*ADB*F(N*NP1*11-8*A*F(N*NP1*21-6*A0B*F(N*NP1*41-4*A*
00016150 00016160 00016170 00016180 00016190 00016200 00016210 00016220 00016230 00016240 00016250 00016260 00016270 00016280 00016290 00016300 00016310 00016320 00016330 00016340 00016350 00016360 00016370 00016380 00016390 00016400 00016410 00016420 00016430 00016440
* F ( N * N P l * 5 1l*(0YFAC/0ENaNI 000164 50 S T R ( I * 3 1 = D X Y F A C * ( - 2 * F ( N * N P 1 * 1 I * 4 * B * F ( N * N P 1 * 2 I - 4 * A * F ( N * N P 1 * 3 1 * 2 * 00016460 * F ( N * N P 1 * 4 1 * 4 * A * F ( N * N P 1 * 6 ) * 2 * F ( N * N P 2 * 1 ) - 4 * B * F ( N * N P 2 * 2 ) - 2 * F I N*NP2* 000164 70 *4)1/(4*A*B) 00016480 C D E T E R M I N E LOCATION OF NODE I N NODAL GRIOWORK 00016490 I F ( N P ( I ) - l - N l } 1 1 0 * 1 0 0 * 110 00016500 100 CON = 6 00016510 6 0 TO 400 00016520 110 I F ( N P l I ) . E Q . ( N P ( I ) - 1 ) / N Y * N Y * 1 ) 60 TO 210 00016530 C 00016540 C DETERMINE CONTRIBUTING AREAL DIMENSIONS ANO SOLVE FOR M I J I 00016550 C 00016560 120 A = ( X ( I l * l ) - X ( I l ) ) / 2 00016570 B = (Yd2)-Y(l2-l))/2 00016580 DENOM = 4 . * A * B 00016590 AOB = A/B 00016600 BOA = B/A 00016610 S T R ( I * 1 ) = S T R d * l ) * ( 6 * B D A * F ( N*NP1*1) * 8 * B * F ( N * N P 1 * 3 ) - 6 * BDA*F ( N*NP2000 16620 **1)*4*B*F(*4*NP2*3))/DENOM 000166 50
157
S r R d * 2 ) = STR(I*2I*(-6*A0B*F(N*NP1-21*4*A*F(N*NP1-1)*6*ADB*F(N* *NP1*1)*8*A*F(N*NP1*2))*(0YFAC/0EN0M1 STRd*3} = STR(I31*aXYFAC*(-2*F(N*NPl-21-4*A*F(N*NPll*2*F(N*NPl*
00016640 00016650 00016660
*l)*4*B*F(N*NPl*2t*4*A*F(N*NPl*5l*2*F(N*NP2-21-2*F(N*NP2*ll-4*B* *F(N*NP2*?I1/(4*A*B1
C ~ ~ DETERMINE LOCATION OF NODE I N NODAL GRIOWORK I F ( N P ( I l . E a . N Y * N l l GO TO 1 0 0 IF (NP(I).EQ.(NP(I)-1)/NY*NY*NY) GO TO 5 0 0 I F (NP( I ) - N Y - N 1 ) 2 0 0 * 2 0 0 * 210 CON = 3
00016670 00016680
00016690 00016700 00016710 00016720 00016730
200 C C ^
5 0 TO 400
DETERMINE CONTRIBUTING AREAL OIMENSIffiS ANO SOLVE FOR M ( K )
00016740
00016750 00016760 00016770
210 A = ( X ( I l ) - X ( I l - l ) ) / 2
00016780
B = (Yd2*l)-Y(I2))/2 00016790 DENOM = 4 . * A * B 00016i00 AOB = A / B 00016810 BOA = B/A 00016820 STRI 1*1) = S T R d * 1 ) * ( - 6 * B 0 A * F ( N * N P 3 * 1 ) - 4 * B F ( N * N P 3 * 3 ) * & * B O A * F ( N * 00016830 *NP1*1)-8*3*F(N*NP1*3))/DEN0M 00016840 S T R d * 2 ) = S T R ( I * 2 ) * ( 6 * A D a * F ( N * N P l * l ) - 8 * A * F ( N * N P l * 2 ) - 6 * A0B*F ( N * N P 1 0 0 0 168 5 0 **4)-4*A*F(N*NPl*5))*(0YFAC/DEN0Ml 00016860 S I R ( 1 * 5 ) = S T R d * 3 1 * D X Y F A C * ( - 2 * F ( N * N P 3 * 1 1 * ( * B * F ( N * N P 3 * 2 ) * 2 * F ( N * N P 3 0 0 0 168 7 0 **4)*2*F(N*NP1*1)-4*B*F(N*NP1*2)-4*A*F(N*NP1*3)-2*F(N*NP1*4)*4*A* 00016830 *F(N*NP1*6))/(4*A*B) 00016390 IF (NPd).Ea.NY*(NXX-l)*l) 6 0 T3 1 0 0 00016900 I F ( N P d ) - ( N P d ) - l ) / N Y * N Y - l ) 300* 2 0 0 * 300 00016910 00016920
C C
300
DETERMINE CONTRIBUTING AREAL DIMENSIONS AND SOLVE FOR MIL)
00016930 00016940
B = (Y(I2)-Y(I2-l)l/2 00016950 A = ( X d l l - X ( I l - l l l / 2 00016960 DENOM s 4 . * A * B 00016970 ADB = A / B 00016980 BOA = B/A 00016990 S T R d * l l = S T R d * 1I*(-6*B0A*F(N*NP3*11-4*B*F( N*NP3*5}*6*BDA*F(N* 00017000 *NP1*11-8*S*F(N*NP1*5II/0EN0M 00017010 STR(I*21 = STR(I*21*(-6*A0B*F(N*NP1-21*4*AF(N*NP1-1I*6*ADB*F(N* 00017020 *NP1*11*8*A*F(N*NP1*2II*(OYFAC/DENOMI 0 0 0 1 7 0 50 S T R ( I * 5 I = STRI I * 5 1 * D X Y F A C * ( - 2 * F ( N * N P 3 - 2 I * 2 * F ( N * N P 3 * 1 1 * 4 * B * F ( N * N P 3 0 0 0 1 7 0 4 0 * * 2 ) * 2 * F (N*|P 1 - 2 ) - 4 * A * F I N*NP l l - 2 * F ( N * M P l * l 1 - 4 * B * F ( N * N P l * 2 ) * 4 * A*F I N * 0 0 0 1 70 5 0 *NP1*31I/(4*A*B) 00017060
C
C C DETERMINE LOCATION OF NODE IN NODAL GRIOWORK
00017070
00017080 00017090
IF INP(II.Ea.NY*NXXl GO TO 100 IF (NP(I).EQ.(NP(I)-1)/NY*NY*NY.0R. NPd).6.NY*(NXX-l)*l) *C0 TO 200
00017100 00017110 00017120
158
CON = 1.5 00017150 C 00017140 C SOLUTION OF STRESS MATRIX COMPLETED 00017150 C 00017160 C C O N V E R T INTERNAL MOMENT TO STRESS 00017170 C 00017180 400 STR(I*1) = ( FRX*C0N*STR(I*1 ))/dEX**2) 00017190 STR(I*2) = (FRX*CON*STR(I*211/(rEY**21 00017200 450 STR(I*3) = I FRX*CON*SrR(I3))/(TEX**2} 00017210 IF (NP( I).Ea.(NP( I)-1)/NY*NY*1.AN0.NSYM.NE. 3. AND. NS YM.NE. 4.0K. NP( 1000172 20 *I.EQ.(NP( I)-1)/NY*NY*NV) STR(I*2) = 0. 00017230 IF (NPl II.LE.NY.AN0.NSVN.NE.2.AND.NSYM.NE.4.3R.NP(I).CT.I NX 1-1)*NY000172 4O *.AND.NP(I).LE.(NXl*l)*NY.OR.NPd).CT.(NX-l) *NYI STR(I*1) = 0. 00017250 IF (STR(I*1) .EQ.0.0R.STR(I*2I.EQ.01 STR(I*31 = 0. 00017260 C 00017270 C DETERMINE MAJOR ANO MINOR STRESSES AND HORIZONTAL SHEAR (X-Y PLANE00017230 C 00017290 S T R d * 6 ) = SQRT(0.25*(STR(I*l)-STRd*2))**2*STR(I*3)**2) 00017300 S T R d * 4 ) = ( STRd*l)*STR(I*2) )/2.-STR(I*6) 00017310 S T R d * 5 ) = ( STR(I*1)*STR(I,2) )/2.*STRd*6) 00017320 9876 CONTINUE 00017330 500 CONTINUE 00017340 C 00017350
C C CONVERT STRESS TO MOMENT 0 0 490 1 = 1 * NPRINT XMOMd) = ( S T R d * l ) * T E X * * 2 ) / 6 . YMOMd) = ( S T R d 2 ) * T E Y * * 2 ) / 6 . XYMOMd) = ( STRI I , 5 l * T E X * * 2 ) / 6 . 490 CONTINUE I F (NKENT.EQ.O) GO TO 600 C 00017360 00017370 00017380 00017390 00017400 00017410 00017420 00017430
00017440
C C
00017450 00017460 CALL SHEAR (NX* NY) 00017470 ( . 00017480 600 RETURN 00017490 gÔ 00017500 SUBROUTINE MfSO (A* N* EPS* lER* NT I 00017510 g 00017520 00017540 C SUBROUTINE IS ALGORITHM TO FACTOR A SYMMETRICAL POSITIVE DEFINITE 00017530 00017550 C MATRIX ^.'"> ^ DIMENSION A(NT) '!!i\lltl 00017570 DOUBLE PRECISION OPIV* OSUM* DSQRT, 08LE So017590 C TEST ON WRONG INPUT PARAMETER N 221It? 00017610 C
CALCULATE SHEAR FORCES
159
1 C C C
lER
= 0 DIAGONAL LOOP
INITIALIZE
KPIV = 0 DO 1 1 K = 1 , N KPIV = KPIV*K INO = KPIV LEND = K - 1 C C C CALCULATE TOL TOLERANCE
= ABS(EPS*A(KPIV)) FACT3RIZATI0N LOOP OVER THE KTH ROW
00017620 00017630 00017640 00017650 00017660 00017670 00017680 00017690 00017700 00017710 00017720 00017730 00017740
C
C START
00017750
00017760
C DO 11 I = K, N
4* LOOP 2 OSUM = 0 . 0 3 I F (LEND) 2 ,
00017770 00017780
00017790 00017800
C
C START 2 DO 3 LANF LINO 3 OSUM END INNER
00017810
00017820
C
L = 1 , LEND = KPIV-L = IND-L = DSUM*DBLE(A(LANF)*A(LINOI ) OF INNER LOOP AIINDI
00017830
00017840 00017850 00017860 00017870
cc
C g
000 17830
TRANSFORM 4 OSUM = ELEMENT 00017890 00017900 ^^'Î'^l^ 00017920 ???Î???
08LEI A d N O U - D S U H
IF d - K l
C C C TEST 5 IF 6 IF 7 IF
10* 5* 10
PIVOT ELEMENT 6* 9 ANO FOR LOSS OF SIGNIFICANCE
FOR N E G A T I V E
ISN6LI OSUMl-TOLl 6* (OSUM) 1 2 * 1 2 * 7 ( l E R l 8* 8 * 9
8 lER = K-1 C C
C 9 O P I V = DSQRTIOSUMl A(KPIV1 = DPIV OPIV 2 l . D O / O P I V GO TO 1 1 CALCULATE TERMS I N ROW
COMPUTE PIVOT ELEMENT
C C
00017940 00017950 00017960 00017970 00017980 00017990 00018000 00018010 00018020 00018030 00018040 00018050 00018060 00013070 00018080 00018090 00013100
160
00018110 00018120 00018130 C 00018140 C E N D OF DIAGONAL LOOP 00018150 C 00018160 RETURN 00018170 C 00018180 C NEGATIVE PIVOT ELEMENT FOUND 00018190 C 00018200 12 lER = -1 00018210 RETURN 00018220 END 00018230 SUBROUTINE TRIG (Nl 00018240 C 00018250 C THIS SUBROUTINE APPLIES THE GAUSS ELIMINATION METHOD TO FORM A 00018260 C UPPER TRIANGULAR BAND MATRIX. FOR A GIVEN CONTACT CONDITION* T H I S 0 0 0 1 8 2 7 0 C TRIAN6ULATI0N I S PERFORMED ONLY ONCE AND THE RESULTS CAN BE USED 00018280 C REPEATEDLY. 000182 90 C 00018300 DIMENSION C( 1 5 0 0 0 0 I * F ( 2 1 0 0 I * 6 ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 I * N O ( 2 1 * X ( 6 5 0 1 * Y I 6 5 0 1 * S T R I 6 5 0 * 0 0 0 1 8 3 1 0 *6l*NP(650)*XMOM(650l*YMOM(6501*XYMOM(650l*MXDIFI650)*MY0IFI650l* 00018320 *XTI 6 5 0 1 * Y T I 6 5 0 1 * O K I 6501*DYI6501*MXVOIF 1 6 5 0 1 * M Y X D I F I 6 5 0 ) * V X 1 6 5 0 ) * 000185 50 *VVI650)*YXM0MI65 0 ) * I R I 6 5 0 ) * 6 U N A I 6 5 0 I 00018540 C 00018350 COMMON C*F*G*NO*NB*X*Y*STR*NP*XMOM*YMOM*XYMOM*XT*YT*OX*OY*MXDIF* 00018360 *M VO IF *MXYDIF* MYXDIF* YKMOM*VX*VY* NXY *NYX* VXMAXN* VXMAXP* VYMAXN* 00018570 *VYMAXP 00018580 C 00018590 REAL MXOIF* M Y O I f * MXYOIf* MYXOIf * MOIX* MOIY 00018400 00018410 NOE - NOINI 00018420 LA = NB-1 000184 50 LB = NOE-LA 00018440 I f I N - 1 1 2* 2 * 4 00018450 2 IB = 1 00018460 6 0 TO 6 00018470 00018480 4 IB = N0(11*1 00018490 6 0 0 50 I = I B * LB 00018500 J = NB*t-LA 10 AIINDI * DSUM*DPIV 11 INO = IND*I
fi'j* ' ciJi

6ij*Ki = c(j*Ki 10 c i j * K i = c i j * K i / 6 i j i LC = LA DO 5 0 L = 1* LA MI = J * L * N B - 1 DO 2 0 K = 1* LC 20 CIMI*KI = C I M I * K 1 - C I J * K * L A - L C 1 * 6 I J * L 1
;;;!!cis
;!;!c?; ???,:: 00018550 00018560 00018570 00018580 00018590
161
52 54 56 40 50
1 S ~ ô"I 1J * , \ LO 90LA-1 LB* NOE 00 = I = J NB*I-LA 6IJ)= CIJI If (1-LDI 52* 52, 56 DO 54 K = 1* LD 6(J*K1 = C(J*KI DO 40 K = 1* LA C(J*KI = C(J*KI/6(J1 LC = LA-1 If (I-NOEI 50* 90* 50 DO 70 L = 1* LD MI = J*L*NB-1
00018600 00018610 00018620 00018650 00018640 00018650 00018660 00018670 00018680 00018690 00018700 00018710 00018720 00018750 00018740
00018750 00018760 00018770 00018780 000 18790 00018800 00018810 00018820 00018850 00018840
0 0 60 K = 1 * LC 60 C ( M I * K I = C ( M I * K > - C ( J * K * L A - L C - 1 I * 6 ( J - H . I LC = L C - 1 I f d - L C l 7 0 * 7 0 * 80 70 CONTINUE 80 LO = LO-1 90 CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE LOAOM ( N l SUBROUTINE USED THE TR lANGULARIZ ED MATRIX FROM SUBROUTINE -TRIG AND COMPUTES THE DEFLECTIONS OF THE SLAB.
00018850
00018860 00018870
00018880
DIMENSION C ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * F ( 2 1 0 0 1 * G ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * N 0 ( 21 * X ( 6 5 0 1 * Y ( 6 5 0 ) * S T R ( 6 5 0 * 0 0 0 1 8 8 9 0 *6l*NP(6S01*XMOMI6S0l*YMOMI650l*XYMOMI650l*MXDIF(6501*MYDIf ( 6 5 0 1 * 00018900 * X T I 6 5 0 I * Y T ( 6 5 0 1 * 0 X ( 6 5 0 1 * D Y ( 65 01 * MXYOIf ( 6 5 0 1 *MYXOIf( 6501 *VX ( 6 5 0 1 * 00018910 * V V I 6 5 0 1 *YXMaMI6S0l*IR(6501 6UNA(6501 00018920 00018950 COMMON C,f,G*NO*NB*X*Y*STR*NP*XMOM*VMOM*XYMOM*XT*YT*DX*DY*MX0IF* 000189 40 *HYD I F *MXVDIF*MYXDIF*VXMOM*VX*W* NXY *NYX* VXMAXN* VXMAXP* VYMAXN* 0001895 0 *VYMAXP 00018960 00018970 REAL MXOIF* MYOIF* MXYDIF* MYXOIF* MOIX* MOIY 00018980 00018990 NOE = NOINI 00019000 LA = NB-1 00019010 LB = NOE-LA 00019020 I F ( M - l l 2* 2 * 4 00019030 00019040 ONLY ONE SLAB TO BE CONSIDERED 00019050 00019060 2 IB = 1 00019070 6 0 TO 6 00019080
C C
162
c c- T W O SLABS TO BE CONSIDERED c 4 IB = N0(11*1

6 DO 2 0 I = I B * LB J * NB*I-LA f d l = f(It/6(Jl DO 20 L = 1 * LA 20 f d * L l = F d * L l - F I I I * 6 l J * L 1 LB = L B * 1 LD = L A - 1 0 0 6 0 I = LB * NOE J = NB*I-LA F d l s F(I1/G(J1 LC = L A - 1 I F ( I - N O E l 5 0 * 7 0 * 50 50 DO 4 0 L = 1 * LD F d * L I = F I I * L l - f d l * 6 l J*L1 LC = L C - 1 I f l l - L C I 4 0 * 4 0 * 50 40 CONTINUE 50 LO = LO-1 60 CONTINUE 70 0 0 80 IK = I B * NOE 1 = N0E-IK*1 * I N - l l * N O d l J s NB*I-NB*2 0 0 8 0 K = 1 * LA I f I I * K . 6 T . N 0 E 1 60 TO 80 f d l = f(Il-f(I*KI*C(J*K-ll 80 CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE SINV (A* N* EPS* lER*
NT I MATRIX
c
C'
T H I S SUBROUTINE DIMENSION AINTI
INVERTS A SYMMETRICAL POSITIVE D E f l N I T E
c
DOUBLE PRECISION DIN* WORK* DOLE
c cC" A
fACTORIZE GIVEN MATRIX BY MEANS OF SUBROUTINE MFSD TRANSPDSE(T1*T CALL MFSD ( A * N* EPS* lER* NT 1
c c cCHECK FOR INSTABILITY IF (lERl 9* 1* 1 INVERT UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRIX "T*
00019090 00019100 00019110 00019120 00019150 00019140 00019150 00019160 00019170 00019180 00019190 00019200 00019210 00019220 00019250 00019240 00019250 000192 60 00019270 000192 80 00019290 00019500 00019510 00019520 00019550 00019540 00019550 00019560 00019570 00019580 00019590 00019400 00019410 00019420 00019430 00019440 00019450 00019460 000194 70 00019480 00019490 00019500 00019510 00019520 00019530 00019540 00019550 00019560 00019570
163
c cc
PREPARE
INVERSION
LOOP
IPIV N * ( N * l l / 2 INO I P I V
c c c- I N I T I A L I Z E c
INVERSION
LOOP
DO 6 I = 1 * N DIN = 1.00/OBLE( A d P I V l l A d P I V l = DIN MIN = N KEND = I-l LANF = N-KEND I F (KENOl 5 * 5 * 2 2 J = INO
c cc
INITIALIZE
ROW LOOP
0 0 4 K = 1 * KEND WORK = 0 . 0 0 MIN = M I N - 1 LHOR = I P I V LVER = J
c cc
START 00 5 LVER LHOR 5 WORK
INNER
LOOP
L = LANF* MIN LVER*1 s LHOR*L s W0RK*0BLE(A(LVER1*A(LH0RI1 OF = INNER LOOP
c
C'
END AIJI
c
-WORK*DIN
c cc
4 J
J-MIN
END OF ROW LOOP
c cEMO OF INVERSION LOOP c CALCULATE INVERSEIAI BY MEANS OF INVERSEdl* WHERE INVERSEIAI ccINVERSEdl * TRANSPOSE( INVERSE( Tl 1. c c- I N I T I A L I Z E MULTIPLICATION LOOP
5 I P I V * IPIV-MIN 6 INO = IND-1
00019580 00019590 00019600 00019610 00019620 00019650 00019640 00019650 00019660 000196 70 00019680 00019690 00019700 00019710 00019720 00019750 00019740 00019750 00019760 00019770 00019780 00019790 00019800 00019810 00019820 00019850 00019840 00019850 00019860 00019870 00019880 00019890 00019900 00019910 00019920 00019950 00019940 00019950 00019960 000199 70 00019980 00019990 00020000 00020010 00020020 00020030 00020040 00020050 00020060
164
0 0 8 I = 1* N IPIV * IPIV*I J = IPIV
c c c
I N I T I A L I Z E ROW LOOP 0 0 8 K = I* N
WORK = LHOR = 0.00 J INNER LOOP
C C C
START
0 0 7 L = K* N LVER = LHOR*K-I
7 C CWORK = LHOR = END OF W0RK*0BLE(A(LH0RI*A(LVER1I LHOR*L INNER LOOP
c
A I J I - WORK 8 J X J4.IC
c cc
9
END OF ROW ANO M U L T I P L I C A T I O N RETURN END SUBROUTINE
LOOP
OSF
(H,
Y*
Z*
NDIMI VALUES FOR A
c ccc
- - T H I S SUBROUTINE COMPUTES THE VECTOR OF INTEGRAL 6 I V E N E Q U I D I S T A N T TABLE OF FUNCTION V A L U E S .
DIMENSION YINDIMI* ZINDIMI HT .5555555*M C CC CC If INOIM-51 7* 8* 1 NOIM IS GREATER THAN 5. PREPARATION Of INTEGRATION LOOP = V(2)*Y(21 = SUM1*SUM1 = HT*(Y(11*SUM1*Y(51I s Y(41*Y(41 = AUX1*AUX1 s SUM1*HT*(Y(51*AUX1*Y(5 11 = HT*(Y(11*5.875*(Y(21*Y(5I1*2.625*(Y(5I*Y(411*Y(61I > Y(51*Y(51
1 SUMl SUHl SUMI AUXl AUXl AUXl AUX2 SUM2
00020070 00020080 00020090 00020100 00020110 00020120 00020150 00020140 00020150 00020160 00020170 00020180 00020190 00020200 00020210 00020220 00020250 00020240 00020250 000202 60 00020270 00020280 00020290 00020500 00020310 00020320 00020350 00020540 00020550 00020560 00020570 00020580 00020590 00020400 00020410 00020420 00020450 00020440 00020450 00020460 00020470 00020480 00020490 00020500 00020510 00020520 00020550 00020540 00020550
165
c cc
SUM2 s SUM2*SUM2 SUM2 = A U X 2 - H T * ( V ( 4 I * S U M 2 * Y ( 6 I I Z d l = 0. AUX = V ( 5 1 * Y ( 5 1 AUX = AUX*AJX Z ( 2 1 = SUM2-HT*( Y ( 2 I * A U X * V ( 4 I 1 Z ( 5 I = SUHl Z ( 4 1 = SUM2 I f ( N D I M - 6 1 5* 5 * 2 -INTEGRATION LOOP 0 0 4 I = 7* NOIM* 2 SUMl = AUXl SUM2 AUX2 AUXl = Y ( I - 1 1 * Y ( I - 1 I AUXl ' AUX1*AUX1 AUXl = S U M 1 * H T * ( Y ( I - 2 ) * A U X 1 * Y ( I I 1 Z ( I - 2 1 = SUMl I f d - N D I M l 5* 6 * 6 AUX2 = Y( I I * Y d l AUX2 = AUX2*AUX2 AUK2 = S U M 2 * H T * ( V ( I - 1 I * A U X 2 * Y ( I * 1 1 I Z d - l l = SUM2
c c-
END OF INTEGRATION LOOP 5 Z ( N D I M - 1 I = AUXl Z I N O I M l = AUX2 RETURN 6 Z ( N 0 I M - 1 I s SUM2 Z I N O I M l = AUXl RETURN
C NOIM I S LESS THAN 5
c
7 IF
U
(NOIM-51
12*
11* 8
cc
NOIM SUM2 SUMl SUMl SUMl
I S EQUAL TO 4 OR 5 1.125*HT*(Vdl*Y(21*Y(21*Y(2l*Y(5l*Y(5l*Y(51*Y(41l = y(2l*Y(21 s SUM1*SUM1 = HT*(Y( 1I*SUM1*YI51I
Zdl
= 0.
Y(5I*Y(5)
AUXl =
AUXl = AUX1*AUX1 ZI2I = SUM2-HT*(Y(21*AUX1*VI41I If INOIM-51 10* 9* 9
00020560 00020570 00020580 00020590 00020600 00020610 00020620 00020650 00020640 00020650 00020660 00020670 00020680 00020690 00020700 00020710 00020720 00020750 00020740 00020750 00020760 00020770 00020780 00020790 00020800 00020810 00020820 00020850 00020840 00020850 00020860 00020870 00020880 00020890 00020900 00020910 00020920 000209 50 00020940 00020950 00020960 00020970 00020980 00020990 00021000 00021010 00021020 00021030 00021040
Ifi6
C C C
ccc
C'
ccc
C
C C
cc
00021050 00021060 00021070 00021080 00021090 00021100 00021110 NOIM I S EQUAL TO 5 00021120 00021150 00021140 11 S U M l HT*ll.25*Ydl*YI21*Y(2l-.25*Y(511 00021150 SUM2 YI21*Y(21 00021160 SUM2 SUM2*SUM2 00021170 Z(5I HT*1YI11*SUH2*VI5II 00021180 Zlll 0. 00021190 ZI2I SUMl 00021200 RETURN 12 00021210 END 00021220 SUBROUTINE SHEAR I N X * NYI 00021250 00021240 SUBROUTINE USES A NUMERICAL I N T E G R A T I O N TEC HNIQUE TO CA LCULATE 00021250 SHEAR f O R C E . U N I T S ARE fORCE PER LENGTH* E . 6 . * LBS PER INCH. 00021260 00021270 S U B R O U T I N E WAS WRITTEN S P E C I f l C A L L V FOR USE W I T H A RECT AN6ULAR I T HAS NOT BEEN TE STED00021280 SLAB SYMMETRICAL TO BOTH THE X AND Y A X E S . 00021290 FOR SLABS W I T H OTHER SYMMETRY. 00021500 D I M E N S I O N : i 1 5 0 0 0 0 I * F I 2 1 0 0 I * 6 I 1 5 0 0 0 0 ) * N O I 21 * X I 6 5 0 1 * Y I 6 5 0)*STRI 650*00021510 00021520 * 6 1 * N P I 6 5 0 I * X M O M I 6 5 0 1 * Y M O M I 6 5 0 I * X V M O M I 6 5 0 1 * M X D I F ( 6 5 0 1 * M Y DIFI650 I* 1* 00021550 * X T I 6 5 0 l V T I 6 5 0 l * 0 X l 6 5 0 1 * 0 V I 6 5 0 1 * M X Y D I f l 6 5 01 * M Y X D I F I 6 5 0 1 *VXI650 00021540 *VYI6501*VXM0NI65 0I*IRI650I*6UNAI650I 00021550 F* 00021560 COMMON C * f * 6 * N 0 * N B * X * Y * S T R * N P * X M 0 M * V M 0 M * X Y M O M * X T * Y T * D X * DY*MXDI 00021570 * M Y D I f * M X Y D I F * M Y X O I F * V X M O M * V X * V Y * N X Y * N Y X * V X M AXN*VXMAXP*V YMAXN* 00021580 *VVMAXP 00021590 00021400 REAL MXOIF* MYOIF* MXYOIF* MYXOIF* MOIX* M3 lY 00021410 00021420 STORE NODAL COORDINATES 00021450 00021440 DO 6 0 0 I = 1 * NX 00021450 XTII) = X d l 00021460 6 0 0 CONTINUE 00021470 0 0 6 0 5 I = 1 * NY 00021480 YTdl * Ydl 00021490 605 CONTINUE 00021500 00021510 ESTABLISH W0RKIN6 VARIABLES 00021520 00021550 NZl = NX*NY
AUXl = AUXl ZI5I 10 Z d l Z(41 = RETURN
YI4I*YI41 AUX1*AUX1 SUM1*HT*IVI51*AUX1*VI5I1 SUMl SUM2
167
00021540 00021550 00021560 00021570 00021580 00021590 00021600 00021610 00021620 00021650 00021640 608 00021650 C 00021660 c 00021670 cNUMBER THE COLUMNS AND ROWS OF THE F I N I T E ELEMENT 6 R I D 00021680 c 00021690 0 0 6 1 0 J = 1 * NX 00021700 0 0 6 1 0 I = 1 * NY 00021710 610 Y d * ( J * N Y l - N V l = Y T d l 00021720 L = 0 00021750 00021740 0 0 6 1 5 J = 1 * NX 00021750 DO 6 1 5 I = 1 * NY 00021760 L * L*l 00021770 615 X ( L 1 = X T ( J I 00021780 JJJ = 0 00021790 C 00021800 cB E 6 I N SOLUTION FROM UPPER R I 6 H T CORNER (NODE N Z I I OF UPPE R RIGHT M TOP TO 00021810 c- Q U A D R A N T . NUMBERIN6 OF DIFFERENCE ELEMENTS INCREASES FRO c- T O BOTTOM OF 6 R I 0 PATTERN* THEN FROM R I 6 H T TO L E F T . NODE NUMBER- 00021820 00021830 c- I N 6 REMAINS THE SAME. 00021840 c 00021850 C' C A L C U L A T E DELTA-Y*S 00021860 00 700 I 1* NYY 00021870 700 O V d l YCNZ1-I*1I-V(NZ1-II IMAGINAR00021880 CDISTRIBUTE OELTA-Y*S THR0U6H0UT 6RI0. ALSO GENERATE 00021890 OF SYMMETRY. OELTA-Y*S BELOW HORIZONTAL LINE C- 00021900 OYINYI = OY(NV-ll 00021910 DO 710 J = 1* NY 00021920 00 710 I = 1* NX 00021930 OYdI*NYYI*J*Il = OVIJI 00021940 710 CONTINUE 00021950 CALCULATE DELTA-X* S 00021960 00 720 J = 1* NXX 00021970 OXIJl = X(NZl-(J*NYl*NYl-X(NZl-(( J*1)*NY)*NY) 00021980 720 CONTINUE 00021990 DISTRIBUTE 0ELTA-X*S THROUGHOUT GRID. 00022000 00 750 J = 1* NXX 00022010 DO 750 I = 1* NY 00022020 OK(I*(J*NV)-NV) = DX(J)
NXX = N X - 1 NYY = N Y - 1 NYX = ( N Y - 1 I * N X NXY = ( N X - 1 1 * N Y HZl = (NX-1I*(NY-11 KX = N X * 1 KV = N Y * 1 KZ = KX*KY KXV = N Y * ( N X * 1 I KYX = N X * ( N Y * 1 I 00 608 1 = 1 * NZl YXMOMdl X - l . * X Y M O M ( I l
168
730 CONTINUE
740
750
755
760 765
770 775
CALCULATE
00022420 000224 30 00022440 -INCREMENTS OVER WHICH SHEARS ARE CALCULATED ARE NUMBERED BE6 INNIN600022450 -AT THE UPPER RIGHT CORNER Of THE SLAB PORTION IN THE UPPER R I6HT 00022460 -OUAORANT. INCREMENT NUMBERING INCREASES fROM TOP TO BOTTOM ANO 00022470 -fROM RIGHT TO LEfT. NODAL NUMBERING REMAINS UNCHANGED. 00022480 00022490 C A L C U L A T E SHEAR IN X-DIRECTION AND WRITE RESULTS 00022500 867 DO 870 1 = 1 * NXY 00022510 SHEARS
GENERATE IMA6INARY DELTA-X*S TO THE LEFT OF VERTICAL L INE OF 00022040 NT = ( N Y * N X X ) * 1 wcKiit*!!. L 00022050 NPP s NT*NYY 00022060 0 0 740 I = NT* NPP 00022070 X d ) = OXd-NV) 00022080 CONTINUE 00022090 CALCULATE OELTA-XMOM'X ANO DELTA-XYMOM'X 00022100 L = 0 00022110 0 0 750 J = 1 * NXX 00022120 00 7 5 0 I = 1 * NY 00022150 L = L*l 00022140 MXDIFIL) = XMOM(NZl-(J*NYI*NV-I*ll-XMOM(NZl-( J * N Y I - I * 1 I 00022150 MXYOIf ( L l = X Y M 0 M ( N Z 1 - ( J * N Y I * N Y - I * 1 I - X Y M 0 M ( N Z 1 - ( J * N Y 1 - I * 1 I 00022160 CONTINUE 00022170 CALCULATE IMA6INARY DELTA-XYMOM'S 00022180 DO 755 I = NT* NPP 00022190 MXYDIfdl = MXYOIfd-NYl 00022200 CONTINUE 00022210 CALCULATE DELTA-VMOM'S 00022220 L = 0 00022250 DO 765 J = 1 * NX 00022240 DO 760 1 = 1 * NYY 00022250 L = L*l 00022260 000222 70 MYDIFILI = YMOM(NZl-(J*NY)*NY-I*ll-YMOM(NZl-( J*NVI*NV-II CONTINUE 00022280 M V O I f ( J * N Y l = MYOIf ( ( J * N Y 1 - 1 1 00022290 L = L*l 00022300 CONTINUE 00022310 00022320 CALCULATE DELTA-YXMOM'S L * 0 00022350 00022540 DO 775 J = 1 * NX 00022550 0 0 770 I = 1 * NYY 00022560 L L*l 00022570 MYXOIf ( L l Y X M 0 M ( N Z 1 - ( J * N Y I * N Y - I * 1 I - Y X M 0 M ( N Z 1 - ( J * N Y I * N V - I 1 00022380 CONTINUE 00022590 MYXOIf(J*NYl = M Y X O I f l l J * N V l - l l 00022400 L L*l 00022410 CONTINUE
00022030
169
870
VXIIl
= IMX0IFIIl/OXIIll*lMYX0IFdl/DYIIll CALCULATE SHEAR IN Y-DIRECTION
K = 0 L = 0 0 0 875 J = 1 * NX 0 0 875 I = 1 * NY L L*l I f d . E Q . N Y l 60 TO 875 K =K*l VYIKl = (MYDIF(LI/DY(L11-(MXYDIF(LI/DX(L11 875 CONTINUE JJJ = 1
00022520 00022550 00022540 00022550

00022560
00022570 00022580
00022590 00022600 00022610 00022620 00022650 00022640 00022650 00022660 00022670 00022680 00022690 00022700
c cc
SORT TO FIND MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE I N EACH DIRECTION VXMAXN = 0 . 0 VXMAXP = 0 . 0 VYMAXN = 0 . 0 VYMAXP = 0 . 0 DO 880 1 = 1 * NXY I F ( V X M A X N . 6 T . V X ( I I 1 VXMAXN 880 I F ( V X M A X P . L T . V X d l l VXMAXP 0 0 885 1 = 1 * NYX I F ( V Y M A X N . 6 T . V Y ( I 1 1 VYMAXN 885 I F ( V Y M A X P . L T . V Y d l l VYMAXP RETURN END SUBROUTINE MSLP ( N 0 1 5 I
= =
VXdl VXIIl
= VV(I1 = VYdl
00022710 00022720 00022750 00022740 00022750

00022760 00022770 00022780 00022790
C 00022800 C S U B R O U T I N E CALCULATES DIFFERENTIAL DEFLECTION 00022810 C 00022820 DIMENSION C ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * F ( 2 1 0 0 1 * 6 ( 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 * N D ( 2 1 * X ( 6 5 0 1 * Y ( 6 5 0 ) * S T R ( 65 0 * 0 0 0 2 2 8 5 0 *6I*NP(650I*XMOMI650I*YMOMI6501*XYMOMI650I*MXDIF(650I*MYOIFI650I* 00022840 *XT16501*YTI6501*DXI6501*DYI650I*MXYDIFI65 0)*NVXOIFI650)*VXI650) * 00022850 *VY(650)*YXMOM(650IIR(650I*6UNA(650I*A(20I*B(20I*CX(201*LX(20I* 00022860 *0I20I*IAI2*201 00022870 C 00022880 00022890 COMMON C*F*G*N0*NB*X*Y*STR*NP*XMOM*YMOM*XYMOM*XT*YT*DX*0Y*MXOIF* 00022900 *MYD IF*MXYOIF*MYXDIF*VXMOM*VX*VY*NXY*NYX*VXMAXN*VXMAXP*VYMAXN* 00022910 *VYMAXP 00022920 C 00022950 7 FORMAT I / / S X * ' T W E N T Y MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL DEFLECTION R A T I O S ' * 00022940 */5X*45l'-*l ) 8 FORMAT I / / 6 X * * N 0 D E 1 * * 8 X * * N 0 D E 2 * * 1 2 X * * D E L T A * * 1 2 X * * D I S T * , 1 2 X , * D I ST * * 0 0 0 2 2 9 5 0 * 1 2 X , * 0 E L T A / L * , 1 2 X , * L / D E L T A * , / 5 6 X * * I N C H E S * * 1 O X * * I N C H E S * * 1 2 X * * F T * 1 00022960 9 FORMAT I / 6 X * I 5 * 1 0 X * I 5 * 1 0 X * E 1 5 . 6 * 5 X * E 1 5 . 6 * 5 K * F 6 . 2 * 8 X * E 1 3 . 6 * 1 1 X * I 3 ) 00022970 00022980 DO 11 IM = 1 * 20 00022990 11 A f l M ) = 0 . 3 00023000 00 1 I = 1* N015
170
DO 2 J = 1* N 0 1 5 I F ( J . E Q . l ) 6 0 TO 2 DIST = S Q R T ( ( X ( J ) - X ( I ) ) * * 2 * ( Y ( J I - Y ( ODIFF = F ( ( J - 1 I * 5 * 1 I - F ( ( I - 1 1 * 5 * 1 1 SLP OOIFF/OIST FOIST = D I S T / 1 2 0 0 5 K = 1* 2 0 I F ( S L P . 6 T . A ( K 1 I GO TO 4 CONTINUE 6 0 TO 2 IF ( A ( K ) . E Q . O . O l 6 0 TO 5 IK = 20-K IF ( I K . E Q . O l 6 0 TO 0 0 6 IL = 1* IK
111**21
II = 20-IL I J = 11*1 AdJI = Adil BdJl = Bdll odji = odii
cxdji = cxdii
IA(1*IJ1 = IA(1*III 6 IA(2*IJ1 = IA(2*III 5 A(KI = SLP BIKl = ODIFF OIK) = DIST CX(K) = FOIST IA(1*K) = I IA(2*K) = J 2 CONTINUE 1 CONTINUE WRITE (6*71 DO 10 M = 1* 20 NSLP = 1/A(M1*0.5 LX(M) NSLP 10 CONTINUE WRITE (6*8) WRITE (6*91 ((IA(J*I)*J = 1*2)*8(I)*0(I)*CX(I )*Ad)*LX I D * 1 = 1*20) RETURN END //LKEO.SYSLIB DO // DO // DO DSN=EDR.IHSL.V90.SINGLE.LIB*DISP=SHR // DO OSN=EOR.IMSL.V90.DOUBLE.LIB*DIS=SHR //LKED.SYSLMOO OO DSN=WYL.VO.WKW.LOADLIB(GUNA)* 01SP=OLD*UNIT = //
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51
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APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SURVEY
184
185
Texas Tech University

Department ol Civil Engineering
May 23, 1985 Dear Sir: I am a graduate student in the Department of Civil Engineering at Texas Tech University, working on my Ph.D. under the guidance of Dr. Warren K. Wray. Part of my dissertation requires that I evaluate the most efficient/economical way of determining the modulus of elasticity of soil. This will be based on statistical analyses that I will carry out on some of the commonly available testing procedures. To carry out these analyses, I am conducting a survey in order to gain the necessary reliable data. Each of the testing procedures listed on the enclosed form will be evaluated based on the following factors: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Availability Reliability Familiarity Cost of Equipment Cost of Test Interpretation of Results Ease of Performance
Each of these factors is to be individually weighted on a scale of 1-5 as indicated below. Availability 1. Very likely that everybody will have 2. Likely that everybody will have 3. Not sure 4. Unlikely that everybody will have 5. Very unlikely that everybody will have Reliability 1. Reliable 2. Fairly reliable 3. Not sure 4. Not very reliable 5. Unreliable Familiarity ^ .,. .^^ ^, , 1. Very likely that everybody is familiar with the procedure Z. Likely that most persons are familiar with the procedure 3. Note sure ^ ^ 4. Likely that most persons are unfamiliar with the procedure 5! Very unlikely that everybody is familiar with the procedure
Bo 4069/Lubbock, Texas 79409 (8061 742-3523
186
Pace 2
Cost of Equipment (from testing laboratory's viewpoint) 1. Very inexpensive 2. Inexpensive 3. Neither expensive nor inexpensive 4. Expensive 5. Very expensive Cost of 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Test (as perceived by the client/user) Very reasonable Reasonable Neither reasonable nor unreasonable Unreasonable Very unreasonable
Interpretation of Results 1. Very simple 2. Simple 3. Neither simple nor difficult 4. Difficult 5. Very difficult Ease of 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Performance of Test Very easy Easy Neither easy nor difficult Difficult Very d i f f i c u l t
If you are familiar with at least five of the testing procedures and are also familiar with at least five of the factors listed above, please fill out the enclosed table, using the indicated scale, by placing the appropriate number in the applicable box. The survey should take less than five minutes of your time. If you are unable to complete the survey, please return this letter and the uncompleted survey in the envelope provided. I would appreciate it if you could return your survey by June 15, 1985. Thank you for your assistance, Sincerely yours.
K.N. Gunalan KNG/sh Enclosure
187
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APPENDIX D VALUES OF DESIGN PARAMETERS DUE TO FORKLIFT LOADING AT 15 LOCATIONS USED IN QUASI-STATIC ANALYSIS
188
189
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M a x i m u m Shea i n x-Directi (lbs/in.)
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Maximum Mome x-Direction, (in.-lbs/in.
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APPENDIX G MOMENT EQUATIONS
236
237
Stack Loading Condition (L)0.18 (^^2.27 (, ^0.27 ( 0.97
{W)-^^ {h)2-57 (p )0.91 M = (E^)(7752) 'l (L)0-52 (E )0.82 (, )0.07
(G.2)
Forklift Loading Condition (L)-^2 (,)2.30 ( 2 . 0 4 M, = (EJ(3.66) f (,)C.04 (^0.72 ( )0.02 (3)2.03 ^
(G.3)
(,)0.16(,)2.57
0.41 (G.4)
M = (E )(56.84) 5 y y (,)0.15 ( )0.72 (, )0.50 (3)3.47

5 W
Stack Plus Forklift Loading Condition (L)0.26(^^)0.06(^)2.18(^ )1.09(p )0.63( ,0.17(3)1.30 M^ = (EJ(1.25) "^ ^ i (,^)0.72
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0.78(3)0.24 (G.6)
APPENDIX H DESIGN EXAMPLE USING EXISTING PROCEDURES
238
239
H.l
Introduction
A design example is used here to compare the results obtained from three procedures which are in common use among practicing professionals. 1. 2. 3. The three procedures are:
Portland Cement Association method (PCA). Panak/Wire Reinforcement Institute method (Panak/WRI). Corps of Engineers method.
Brief descriptions of each of the procedures are given here. However, for more details, the reader is asked to refer to the specific references indicated. H.2 Design Data
A warehouse floor slab, 100 ft x 50 ft, needs to be designed for the following conditions: Aisle width between stacks, A^ Modulus of elasticity of soil, E^ Stack loading, p^ Design Axle Load Contact area Forklift truck loading, p^ Wheel Spacing, S Compressive strength of concrete, f^ = 7.5 ft = 5000 psi = 720 ksf = 8 psi = 1.15 ksf = 10*000 ^^s = 27 sq in. = 185 psi = 26.64 ksf 31 in. = 2.58 ft = 5000 psi = 720 ksf
240 The three procedures stated here use a modulus of subgrade reaction, k^, value as opposed to the modulus of elasticity of the soil. Therefore, in order to be able to really make a comparison, Therefore, the modulus
all parameters involved should be identical.
of elasticity value is converted to an equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction value using the following equation (47)
k where E k
= 60 (E /1000)-^^^
(H.l)
= modulus of elasticity of soil, psi = modulus of subgrade reaction, pci corresponding to an E value of 5000 psi is
The value of k
calculated using Eq. (H.l) as follows: ,865 k^ = 60 (5000/1000)' = 241.41 pci H.3 Portland Cement Association (PCA) Method A safety factor
The design chart used is shown in Figure 1.4. value of 1.5 is used.
The design steps involved in thickness design
for single-wheel axle loads are: 1. Flexural strength of concrete, MR: MR = 7.5 VT" = 7.5 VÔOO c = 530.33 psi 2. Concrete working stress, WS: WS = MR/SF = 533.33/1.5 = 353.55 psi
241 3. Slab stress per 1000 lb of axle load: WS/axle load, kips = 353.55/10 = 35.35 psi/1000 lb 4. Enter Fig. 1.4 at left with stress of 35.4 psi; move right
to effective contact area of 27 sq in. down to wheel spacing of 31 in.; right to read an approximate slab thickness of 4.5 in. on the imaginary line of subgrade modulus, k , of 241 pci. H.4 Panak/Wire Reinforcement Institute Method (Panak/WRI)
The design charts used here are shown in Figs. 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. The design steps involved are: 1. 2. Assume a slab thickness, say 6 in. Enter Fig. 1.1 at left at 6 in. on the line of concrete psi; move right to effective subgrade 5 modulus, k . 4
in. .
Vf
modulus, E , of 4 X 10
of 241 pci; then down to read D/k ratio of 3.75 x 10
3.
Enter Fig. 1.2a at bottom with aisle width of 90 in.; move 5 4 in. ; move right, cross over to
Straight up to D/k of 3.75 x 10
Fig. 1.2b with uniform load of 1.15 ksf to intersect maximum slab bending moment at 350 Ib-ft/ft; move right to intersect tensile stress curve of 354 psi (7.5 VTr/1.5); down to read an approximate slab thickness of 4.0 in. 4. Calculate the equivalent loaded diameter from d = (contact area)
= 5.86 in.
\/(4/7T)
(H.2)
d = \/(4/7T) (27)
5.
Enter Fig. 1.3 at bottom with equivalent loaded diameter
value of 5.86 in.; move straight up to intersect D/k curve at
5 . 4 ^^^ 3.75 X 10 in. ; move left to read unit moment corresponding to 1000 lb wheel, which is 270 Ib-in./in. 6. Enter Fig. 1.3b at bottom with wheel spacing of 31 in.; move
up to intersect D/k curve of 3.75 x 10^ in.^; move left to read additional unit moment value of 25 Ib-in./in. 7. Add values from steps 5 and 6 and multiply this sum by total
load on wheel in kips. 8. Enter Fig. 1.2b with a maximum slab bending moment value of
1475 Ib-ft/ft; move right to tensile stress curve of 354 psi; down to read a slab thickness of approximately 5.5 in. 9. Compare values obtained in Step 3 and in Step 8. Use the
larger of the two, which would be 5.5 in this case. H.5 Corps of Engineers Method The type of fork-
The design chart used is shown in Fig. 1.8.
lift truck used corresponds to Category I and Design Index 1 as given in Tables 1.1 and 1.2. As the values used here fall outside the bounds of the curve, the curves will have to be extrapolated in order to come up with a value for the thickness of the slab. The design steps involved are: 1. Enter chart at left with a flexural strength value of 354
psi; move right to subgrade modulus, k , value of 241 pci; move to curve corresponding to DI 1; move right to read a thickness value of 7.75 in. The same example is worked out using the regression equations in Appendix I, and the result is compared with those obtained here and are tabulated in Chapter 6.
APPENDIX I DESIGN EXAMPLE USING THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS
243
244
1.1
Introduction
A design example is used here to demonstrate the use of the regression equations and to compare the result with those obtained using three existing procedures included in Appendix H. 1.2 Design Data
A warehouse floor slab, 100 ft x 50 ft, needs to be designed for the following conditions: Aisle width between stacks, A Modulus of elasticity of soil, E^ Stack loading, p^ Design Axle Load Contact Area Forklift truck loading, p^ Wheel Spacing, S Compressive strength of concrete, f^' 1.3 1. 2. = 7.5 ft = 5000 psi = 720 ksf = 8 psi = 1.15 ksf = 10000 lbs = 27 sq in. = 185 psi = 26.64 ksf = 3 1 in. = 2.58 ft = 5000 psi = 720 ksf
Design Calculations
Assume trial slab thickness of 4 inches. Calculate allowable stresses: f V = 7.5 Vf^ = 530.33 psi = 76.37 ksf = 4 ^ = 282.84 psi
Stack Loading Condition: 3. Calculate design stresses: (L)-lV)0-l{h)-30(A )0-27(p )0-97
245
x = (Ex)(l26.00)
TT^^^'"
s
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(1.29)(1026.00) (1.906)(1.040)(0.719)a^
28.60 k i p s / f t 2 < f^ ^^^^^^^^^
(^^^0.18(,)0.59(
.0.91
ay = (Ey)(30,045.00)^^^Q^^3^^ ^032^^ ^0.18
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100.91
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(1.24)(30,045.00)(^^^^Q)J330 g99)(l 437)
= 15.50 k i p s / f t ' < f^ allowable
4.
Calculate expected shear forces:
(L^0.30(,)1.82(,y.02,p^)0.98
V, = (E,)(15.14) (,)0.n(E^)0.6U
246 = M oo>M. ..^(100)Q-^Q(4/12)^-B^f7.5^0-0^M (50)^-^^(720)-^ = (1 29)(15 i/|)(3.981)(0.135)(1.041)(1.147) ^^^ -^^^ (1.538)(51.808) = 0.157 k i p s / f t (W)0.09(^)1.83( jO.74 1.^0.98
V^^V(^^^^-^\,)0.83(,^)0.57j^)0.44
= (1.24)(1467.0) (50)Q;0;(4/12)^>^3,,^^,,0.74 (100)0.83(720)0.57(7 5)0.44
= f l ?4UUfi7 n^ (1.4222)(0.134)(1.109) ^^'^^^^^^^^'^) (4b.709)(42.529)(2.427)
= 0.082 kips/ft
5. Calculate maximum design shear stress: , 0.157 ' (1+2x0.8x0.3333)x4x0.27 0.66 psi < Vc all ,, ^ owable 6. Calculate maximum differential deflection (L)0.44(^)0.62(^)0.20(p ,0.78 s A = (0.47) (. )0.99(^ ,0.29 1000 ^ 144
._ (0 47) (100)Q-^^(50)Q'^^(4/12)Q-^Q(1.15)Q-^^ (720)^-^^(7.5)'^^ (n Ai\ (7.586)(11.307)(0.803)(1.115) ^ ^^'^^^ (674.154)(1.794)
= 0.030 ft Forklift Loading Condition 7. Calculate design stresses: (L)0.12(^)0.30( ,2.04 a, = (EJ(22.25) ^ X > X " ' ( ) 0 . 0 4 ( ^ )0.72(^ ) 0 . 0 2 ( 3 ) 2 . 0 4
247
= (1.29)(22.25)
^^QQ]''''(y^^)''''l^^;^^)'-"' (50)0.04(720)0.72(7^5)0.02(2^33)2.04
[l.d^)[dd.db}
(1.738)(0.719)(809.263) (i.i69)(ll4.098)(l.04l)(6.914)
= 30.24 k i p s / f t ^ < f. , , ., ^ t allowable (^)O.04(^)0.34(p^)2.39 oy = (Ey)(347.71)^^ô.l5(^ )0.72(^ )0.51(3)3.48 î;n^0.04,. , ^ ^ . 0 . 3 4 , . . ^>,N2.39 (50) (4/12) (26.64) (100)-^^(720)-^^(7.5)-^^(2.58)3-^^
= (1 24)(347 71)
n ÂU-^ziT 7^) (1.69)(0.688)(2552.859) [i..d^)K:i^/./i) (1.995) (194.098) (2.794) (27.067) 43.70 kips/ft^ < f, ^^^^^^,^^
8.
Calculate expected shear forces: (,0.28(,,1.80(,^)0.52(p^,2.80 ^x = (Ex)(13.33) ^^j0.21(^ ,0.57(5,(3.96)
n w n 331 (50)-^^(4/12)^-^(7.5)-^^(26.64)^-^ = (1.29)(13.33) (ioO)0-21(720)-"(2.58)3-96
248 n PQUi? ^-^^ U.^yniJ.^sj; = 41.57 k i p s / f t ( L ) 0 . 0 3 ( , ) 0 . 1 1 ( , ) 1 . 9 0 ( , )0.22( \ = (E ) ( 0 . 1 9 ) y y = (1.24)(0.19) n .Q ; ^4 > (^^)0.59(3)2.64 ^ )2.13 (2.990)(0.138)(2.851)(9806.089) (2.630)(42.528)(42.659)
(100)^'^3(50)Q-^^(4/12)^-^Q(7.5)Q-^^(26.64)^-^3 (720)*^^(2.58)^-^^
- n oA\fn 1Q^ (1.148)(1.538)(0.124)(1.558)(1087.396) " U.24)(0.19) (48.509)(12.209)
= 0.148 kips/ft 9. Calculate maximum design shear stress: 41.57 ^ 1000 ^ " (1+2x0.8x0.3333)x4x0.27 ^ 144 = 10. 174.33psi < v^ ,n,^,t)le
Calculate maximum differential deflection: (^,0.21()0.53(^^,0.71(p^)1.12 A = (0-12) (E^)0.98(,^)0.21(3)i.81
,n ^-,^ (100)-^^(50)-"(4/12)-^^(26.64)^-^^ " *-^'' (720)0-58(7.5))"-^l(2.58)i-^ , ,,, (2.630)(7.9521(0.458)(39.050) = (0-12) (631.227)(l.527)(b.bbU) = 0.010 ft
249
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251 13. Calculate maximum design shear stress ^ ^ ^ 0.14 (1+2x0.8x0.3333)x4x0.27

= 0.59 psi < V
100 ^ 144
c all owable
TT
14. Calculate maximum differential deflection: (L)0.41(^)0.62(^)0.19(^ )0.15( ^ = (0-12) 0 .7 0 26 " ^ (^^)0.97(3)0.26 )0.70( )0.19 '
__ (o^^2)(100)"'^'(50)Q-^^(4/12)Q-^^7.5)Q'^^(1.15)Q-^Q(26.64)^-^^
(591.034)(1.279) .^ ,^^(6.607)(11.307)(0.812)(1.353)(1.103)(1.866) " ^^'^'^^ (591.034)(1.279) = 0.03 ft Therefore the assumed slab thickness of 4 inches would be sufficient to sustain the imposed loading. A safety factor of 1 was assumed in using the regression equations. However, even with a safety factor of 1.4 to 1.5, a 4 in.
thick slab will be found to be sufficient.
APPENDIX J A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PCA METHOD AND THE REGRESSION EQUATIONS
252
253
A design example is used to illustrate the PCA method and to compare the PCA method with the regression equations on a one-to-one basis. However, in order to adopt the equations, certain assumptions For example, the PCA method does not require the
had to be made.
length or the width of the slab, but these dimensions are required in the equations and therefore a reasonable value for these had to be assumed. Design data used are given in Section 0.1. The design
example as worked out to illustrate the PCA method is presented in Section J.2 and the example is worked out using the equations in Section J.3. J.l Axle load Wheel spacing, S Number of wheels on axle Tire inflation pressure, p^ Tire contact area Subgrade modulus, k Concrete flexural strength, MR Compressive strength of concrete, f^ Assumed values are as follows: Slab length, L Slab width, W = 150 ft = 100 ft Design Data = 25 kips = 3 7 in. = 3.08 ft = 2 = 110 psi = 15.84 ksf = 114 sq in. = 100 pci = 640 psi C 28 days = 4000 psi = 576 ksf
254 Aisle w i d t h , A 10 f t w Stack loading, p^ = 4 psi = 0.576 ksf
Calulated values are as follows: 0.865
k^ = 60
1000
hog 6.55917 k 0.865 E^ = 10 nog 6.55917 x lOo" L 0.865
= 10
= 1805 psi = 260 ksf J.2 1. Design Example Using PCA Method
Safety factor, SF: For frequent operations of this forklift truck in
channelized aisle traffic, select a safety factor of 2.0 (permits unlimited stress repetitions). 2. Concrete working stress, WS: ,,c
WS =
MR 640 3P = 2:0 = 320 psi = fTF
3.
Slab stress per 1,000 lb of axle load WS axle load, kips 320 25 = 12.8 psi
4.
Enter Fig. 1.4 with stress of 12.8 psi; move right to
contact area of 114 sq in.; then down to wheel spacing of 37 in.;
255 then right to read a slab thickness of 7.9 in. on the line for subgrade k^ of 100 pci (use 8 in. thick slab). J.3 Design Example Using the Regression Equations 1. 2. Assume trial slab thickness of 4 inches. Calculate allowable stresses: ^t " '^'^ ^ ^ " 474.34 psi = 68.31 ksf V = 4 VT~ = 252.98 psi
Stack Loading Condition: 3. \ Calculate design stresses: = (E,)(1026.00) (L)0-l^W)0-01(h)-30(A ) 0 - " { p )0-97 0.74" ^
S
= (1.18)(1026.00)(^^'-''(l)-'(^/l^)i^>-''(-^^^)'-'' (260)-'* = (1.18)(1026.00) (2-017)(1.047)(0719)(1.862)(0.586) (61.246)
= 32.75 k i p s / f t ^ < f t allocable ,)0.18(,,0.59( "y = (Ey)(30,045.00) ,0.91
^^ô.48(g ,0.82(ft ,0.18
(150)-*^(260)-^2(10)-l^ - M iOr-5n riA^ nnK(^-^91j(0.523)(0.605) (1.15) (30,045.00)^^_pgo)(g5_5go)(i_514j = 15.63 kips/ft2< f^ allocable
256 4. Calculate expected shear forces: (L)-30(h)l-82(A )0-02(p )0-98 ^x = (Ey)(15.14) ,, . > \ ^;'' X yj y j O . i i ^ g ,0.60
/,f.pix0.30/./.^vl.82,,nx0.02,^ C7c^0.98 = (1.18) (15.14)^^-5^^ WlLl (10) (0.576) (100)-^-(260)-^ = (1 18H15 l/l^(4.496)(0.135)(1.047)(0.582) ^^^Hib.i4j (l.660)(28.118) = 0.142 k i p s / f t (,)0.09(^)1.83(p^)0.74 \ - (^)(1^67-0) (^)0.83(,^)0.57(;^)0.44
= (1 15)(1467 0) (100)^'^^(4/12)^-^3(0.576)Q-^^ (1.15)11467.0) (^50)0.83(260)0.57(10)0-^^
- n
iRUiAfi7 n^
(63.996)123.798)(2.754)
(1.514)(0.134)(0.665)
= 0.054 kips/ft
5.
Calculate maximum design shear stress: 0.142 (1+2x0.8x0.3333)x4x0.27 0.593 psi < v^ allowable 1000 ^ 144
^ " =
257 6. Calculate maximum differential deflection: (L)0.44(^)0.62(^)0.20(p^)0.78
^ (0 47) (150)Q-^^100)0'^2(4/12)Q-2Q(0.576)Q'^^ (260)-^^(10)-2^ (0 A7\ (9.067)(17.378)(0.803)(0.650) ^^^'^ (245.937)11.950) = 0.081 ft
Forklift Loading Condition 7. Calculate design stresses: (L)0.12(^,0.30( ,2.04 o = ^ ^ x ' ^ " - " ' 'x - (EJ(22.25) ()0.04(E^,0.72(^y.02(s,2.04
- (1 18U22 25) '150l-l^(4/12)-^(15.84)2-^ - (1.18)(22.25) (ôo)0-0^260)-"(10)0-02(3.08)2-04 /, ,o\^,o ,c^ (1.825)(0.719)(280.221) = (1.18)(22.25) (i.202)(54.800)(l.047)(9.923) = 14.107 kips/ft2< f t allowable
(w)-^(h)-3^P,)2-^^
258 = (1.15)(347.71) (100)^-Q^(4/12)Q-34(i5^84)2.39 (150)0-15(260)0.72(10)0.51(308)3.48
= (1.15)(347 71) (1.202)(0.688)(736.911) ^ ^^^ ^-^^^ (2.120)(54.80)(3.236)(50.137) = 12.928 kips/ft^ <f. ,, ., t allowable 8. Calculate expected shear forces: (W)0-28(h)l-80(A )0.52( )2.80 V = (E )(13 33) ^ w^ ^^f X xH13-33) (L)U.21(,^)0.57(3)(3.96)
= (1.18)(13.33) (100)^-^^(4/12)l-^Q(lO)0-52(15.84)2-^0 (150)0-21(260)0-5^3.08)3-^^ = (^ ifiUi-^ o'^\ (3.631) (0.138) (3.311) (2287.255) U.iOMi^.oJJ (2.864)(23.798)(86.032) = 10.179 k i p s / f t (L)0.03(^)0.11(^)1.90(^ \ - '^y^(-^^' )0.22()2.13
(E^)0.59(3)2.64
= (1 i5)(o 19) (150)Q-03(100)0-11(4/12)1-^0(10)-22(15.84)2-13

(260)0-5^(3.08)2-^^
, , - ^ w ^ ,^t (1.162) (1.660) (0.124) (1.660) (359.318) = (1-15)(0.19) (26.597)(19.488) = 0.060 k i p s / f t
259 9. Calculate maximum design shear stres: ^ _ ^ 10.179 (1+2x0.8x0.3333)x4x0.27 = 42.501 psi < V ,, ^ c all owable 10. Calculate maximum differential deflection: (L)0-21(w)0-53(h)0.71(p^)1.12 (E )0-^^(A )0-21(s)1.81 ,n ION (150)0-21(100)0-53(4/12)0-^1(15.84)1-12 " ^ ^ ^ (260)0-98(io))0.21(3.o8)l-81
f^ m^t (2.864)(11.482)(0.458)(22.066)
1000 ^ 144
" ^-^^ ^-^ = 0.014 ft
(232.634)(1.622)17.661)
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Analysis of Industrial Slabs-On-ground

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Analysis of Industrial Slabs-On-ground

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ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL FLOOR SLABS-ON-GROUND FOR DESIGN PURPOSES by KANCHEEPURAM N. 6UNALAN, B.E., M.E.

McDonald, and Dr. Necip Guven for their valuable guidance.

slabs were developed.

Correlation coefficients for these equations

1.2 Winkler Foundation 1.3 1.4 2. Previous Work Scope of Research

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO APPLICABLE THEORY 2.1 Introduction

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 7.2 7.3 Introduction Conclusions Recommendations

108 122 184

207 237 238 243 252

5.1 5.2 6.1

4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Concrete Floor Slabs

is applied to both unreinforced and reinforced floor slabs.

*Numbers in parentheses refer to entries in the List of References 1

4 force. Therefore, the design of slabs on ground with the Winkler

in Figures 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

(u/*-qi) iN3i/^oi^ 9NiaN3a a v i s lAini/Mixvw /

( u / u - q i ) 1N3IAI0IAI 9NiaN3a avis 1/^niAiixviAj

5 EQUIVALENT Figure 1.3:

Wheel Loading Design (after [29])

WI- IFF1 .N SPACING^

50 100 '200 SUBGRADE k. pci.

Design Graph for Axles with Dual Wheels (after [28])

concrete modulus of elasticity of 4000 ksi.

load contact area and assumed thickness of the slab.

developing this procedure.

SUE GRADE k 5 0 pel

EFFECTIVE CONTACT AREA sq in.

LOAD CONTACT AREA, sq in.

14 1.3.3 Corps of Engineers Design Curves (4,13,14)

fC > > S- ro CD O Q. O SCD E Q . Z3

SUBGRADE MODULUS K 50. pel 100.

SUBGRADE MODULUS K 50. pc 100. 200. 300.

WHEEL SPACING, in.

SLAB THICKNESS H, in.

based on the classical Hertz solution have been programmed.

22 1.4 Scope of Research

23 used in the analysis. To enable the design engineer to decide on a

CHAPTER 2 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO APPLICABLE THEORY 2.1 Introduction

25 Section 2.4. Also, a brief introduction to the theory of plates and

A plate is said to be thin if its ratio of thickness to the

deformation remain normal after deformation.

26 3. The normal stresses in the direction perpendicular to the

remained in contact with the subgrade at all times.

(47) for the analyses of rigid pavements.

to analyze two slabs (simulating two lanes of pavement)

such as warping (cupping) were also included.

8 in.(200mm) SLAB, 12,000 lb (53 kN) LOAD

0.2 O 0.3 0.4

_-a ~ 0t-'N . "fc

7 in. (180 mm) SLAB, 9,000 lb (40 kN) LOAD

9' fo- ^"oi"" -*

8 in. (200 mm) SLAB, 12,000 lb(53 kN) LOAD

Figure 2.2: Stresses Due to Loading (after [19])

A user's guide for program SLAB4 is included as

CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF SOIL 3.1 Introduction

quite popular and is still used by many engineers.

Despite trying to represent the

values based on simple correlation are too often used.

the horizontal and vertical directions.

34 normal to its plane boundary. The model proposed by Gibson, now

The model is represented in Figure 3.1.

EQUIVALENT CONSTANT Eg MODEL