Cement Evaluation

5
CE/\.jEtm.'iG TECIDolQUl:
The_M ~ot~OII(!I"'"~ ,";/fK>ll,
"""'"""" _
~ proper plaminf, of ob< job fiD:.
tioo. of """U . : - ; l _ -.I - " " " ........ le<Ip: of tile pttO.... """'lIoni..... " , , _ dII,q, 1~ ~ of tile ~
m<l'll Jlu'l)', C'.oel "'/'00< nl<tII jobo <&f\ b< d ..." ....
j" two brood aI.,oo..:
lIow proIIIems of_a1qill, This is ob<"....or
poorI}' """,,1_ pipet i>I d<v'otIo;l ,,<II., ....- "'"
_ . IMlf_ pl"lluoh. ano:I inoorf:I no.. repm..
T1l<oe ~ or< olI/;".,....;.e<! '0)' "" ;'""""l'IcIe""';
~ in .... _ _ amNl", (1'1." .l.J).

""'. ,""'"

o
- ..
",'

,~

_SIOnOa1<l Oem...,.

---_m",b',

,~

_ -'>
1 ,~ 1SUrr..............r.... _e.-o

"~~ .......... '--

~
~

--

~-

1:# ,

:~~

.._-""".. "

_M

oluny <an be

in._

'0)' _

UuiIl

po

...... ,..... of b~. "'.... "'" II",'}' _

.,.It..
oudI _

loci
lbio I ..,""" .... '!<d .,. ptetfUre d":",
. . - .... pore JIf"'IIIU' ............ .....tIer "'""

hlln~ltt:.

.... /0._1".....,.., tbe_OlIIbtp:>8_bl' /0<.

...liooI fluids

'

~_,

Of, _

. .,

~f

pl.

110..., _ . ",",. wdI <Uf<>d

, ....... I)'pj<Ally hao.

by iof\ow

00 "'" ordo, 010.001

wiIb pore lize bom.l., _ . poJOilf _

).1"'.
H""",.u. wh<n PI i. aUowed 10 tnipOit ""idUn II>: oIU'1)'

1Dd.

hoi"", oompk:t< ru""t' tile p<l<r. JIlIICtIIre is Jmlially .....

.....,.... .... PI 1 _ IlOIWOI1<oI Ulblllu potU "h;a,
WI t<OI<ll 0.1 """ io <IiometeI' m:l1ood .. pt<rneoblIiUt:I
hiJh .. 1 ",.I md. Thi
_
..
WIou&h "'P"
pon;n,
dlI casiq, is
'" ~ proper -J '" the
","""";",, po. c.n.u. _ _ "".- ovailobIe _ _
.... !hill _1..._ 0IId ......... IS"!""" ""'" iooIoIioo. of

=-.

FIg. 5-1-Ctrroo1'll""'" ~ ~
~ ot .... C<IlIC>'II 01.,..,. clwioa .... """'" 1Iall<.
~ <>pnirnelw coonrn>od by field lesu "''''

<:erne"

00... hI tho diff..<DtiaI preMUf<

Kn ....
""'" I'f'l'S"'" ud ... (0Jtlll0ti00 .,..."" II "'" """.. of
",""y _ _ f,ll"""_ VII'" '1 - . ob< h;,o"y of Ihc
_
P"'" prcsaure dwina t<IIiQI m:ldainloII:_ _

>'

po-l><ariq - ,

WheIhu ItIo _
of 9'>0'< <eon<.. jo>bo ...., of ,,"".... j
<OJ or,...,...... orit:io, I!l< reool' will.ffecllI>< hydrwli< j..,.

101. . """'-' _;..,.,

primary <CnItotMiofl.

wb.,., .. II><

_jn _ . , (

A~;"'_~"

__

"""'Id~

be oble 10 ~ not only til< q,>&lit)' of th< ~

".,.mioa OIlllo lIOO<l for ftlIaiI jobo. "'" olao 10 IllIIyu lllo
.,.,... of mil".. io onIor "' impttwe .... ~ pro"... otfioutt. _JI,;n "'" ....., 1ic'.Id. Soonolid<l eu"'fll<o
...in i I I _ bow <hi. <an be _
..... tho _ _
of Ibe Cem<nl Enluotioo Tool (CE'J) on<I CBl.-VDL .
.no 1Ild!be c.m.... E........,., OU_ (CEQ~) 1
......... rim_.F''''' ...... __ ;1 ot _ _

.,,-;..... Tho VDL io _

.....y -.I "' ....,.. tho .,...II>< pt<tCOI of oIwI-

"' 1 0 _ '""'" on<I ""Ipo 10 _

..... ond .... _atps.

It 110. _
........ IlIrooIfl .. p<rim<ou 11IoI, li-, r<J.o
,~ ""ion """""'" ,......._
of EI (l'.,.""'I~'*
of th< r.... peolt of .... CBL ",vefonn) on<I ....
of pip< <i""""re.-r
oil n</Ie,'--....
moiBinf: JIlSUDI 0'\.1. 3-1),

""'.............t.

cr

1'0..-..

"',.....,,, . . ",.iood.
CBl.-VDL MEASuu:ME1'/T
(l:EIl.). lilt< ~ './1," "'" V.,j_
obi< 0at0iIy (VDL) ""fornI.1w _
for IIWI}')"OUI th<
ptlInory "'0)' 10 . .atuo.. _ _
Tho prUo<;pl< of

n. ~ """"

q.IOl.,..

".ooi<

!he 11'. ... ,.., _ II .. _

tho
lim< -.I . -. .
boo of. 20 lib........, """" _ _lion Ibrnup
th< bo..hol< IIWd m:I tho cuioa ....n.
n,.CBL
II .... ompli..... ;.nlvor........
;-.. /lnI .,,-;
EI allho}oft .-i_. I' II. IuncIioo of
th< _
.. jon <b ",tho _
~ oflhe _ . . ...... casi... n,. liIt<_jon 1M< deponi:Is on .... oonola
"""'Pf'<'"l"" """"""..... '*Ol1l1 _ ' . tho pip< <hi<I<...... 11>:I11Io ~ of_ cimlmf..-.-(Fil. 3,]).
n,. Ion..- HI opocio& II -.I .. _
Iho VDL ...._
_
for ........ di"'ri'lliMrioo tw:I_ ...!tIl on<! """wion

......

Ret:elver SIW\1l1

,-,.., ~~
--- --.

"

'.

......

Trllnsjt Time Measurement

DoI......

L_

T,_or j
E'
... --'I~'-'-,--.;.--"'I-\-t-Ir---:c:-

,-

FlO.

5-3-CIlI.,.,.eli ,., ....

III oddilion...... n!llepip< ~ i. roily oo:rvered

by ....... II i<l, of"""",,,. lh<re ;, mol.
'p _
III omplilI>do and II><
e<JIIIIIf<W... ......p, n.e..
rdaliono ...... """'"' \Io,I;ld II>< _
ofFi&- 5oS ... hi<:h
doli ...
II>< CBL ompIilWc: in mV ood 11>< ....._
of pip< cirwmfef...,. _
by como". This i......
,.f'emod \0 . . II>< _
rn&..
Tho-...uDOlioo of ~I ompIiul< in f= pipo .... _
I

me'"

f"."

..

pipe is ,oliO lor .,.,. CIlibtOled III 1mIl .....r, R _ f..w

..puim<ru _
j., - - (h<oO)' compIo,.,. Irin<o. mill!o)
,.",.,. is
(FiJ. 5-6),
A. _
[0:1<.< .W.S or J!<
, minimum i....,..I.
"Ilk!> ,., ... "iIIJ 11>0 oaoitllI ~ismcIcr (FiJI. 507). ha> b<u
_
'" lie ..,.,.. iDdicaI<J< of hjdroulJc iJolalioo, This
"""" I. ""'" In <1>0 _

~. " , , _ JI""I<IU'ion- An

ournpI< of. CBl.-VDL lot; reconI<d in. 7i.

C8L Intarpretlltlon

"

"

I1
I
0.'

"

I1 "

-+-+--1

.'!---!:---:--------:!
o
20
40
!lIl
!lIl
100
..... e:o-.w ..... _~)

ouq.

.., .....
,,-

- Ii

'... """

0,1

r~
.,~

'0.5 CeCI,

_ 0.'

".5 CoO,

, "
"

'u 008<,

,.~

CMt!O~l"',1

FIg. ! I

_..--in _ _

ell

F<Io _ _

"
I
I"

.0.'

/'

I /
J
..,

-~

~"

FIg. $-7--l.ong111 ai_OIl irrI_ _ "" ........

1 _ (lot _
...... _ OJIl

<eIIl<IIIOO ""'". IAMI",* ~,.lt Ihn"'" ""1'l1, J.8.

A iJ -u boDIlod IOCtioo ........ Ibo 800d !Ddu
- . .... byWoWi< iooloUooI<eII be ~.
f<><_
..,.;..1< ronf"",. plOd _ 1 0 f...-tion lIoDd,
"blIooJh "'" _ lnll<> i>...".. 0,1. i. UJn<> B. C......
D tho: irurvall ...,.,rwl aT< """ obon 10 para,*"

z.-

S,,-

~i<:_.

T1I< IIono:I !nolo..... ohlolioo .. valid -..ben:

lilt _
io I""I'<rtY ......iu<I.

._i,.., _ _.
Il>ot< II ""
EI iI b
b)o fall

~IWI ~.
>rn<:tIy _ in poni<:uloT i> "'" . _
Of "",.. ~ I....

fIuiII irnpIano<...:I 1It<I\UI.

of_.- .."...of_.

n-limioobovolod ...........
_ _ ...mch l!e _riDod la>or.

CO.'I-lPKl'SATKD CEMDn' IlOND TOOL

c.m... _ Tool (CB1) II. HIin. <Iiam<Ier Il<Jn!<
t>oI <Ieoipd ~ to<
bood
Tho CBT

Tho
_

""""*"
;"
,m

f<Jmg,,,,,, .m....

ltle ~ lot _
lioII ;, _ 1 _.

!eaQu'es ""'

.ide 2.11 &nI! 3.4-ft 1pO<"

=-_

-..tuc.b ~

"""',

""""loa .... S.fltpldn.

~ioa of

_ " "....' _ _ CU"",.

10

"""fornI.

_ . VOL
ond. oIo>n II'Icina 010,1 11_
pn>"ida a UIIlCllI 000:1 evaJ...oo. in lI>e
""" 01 fut
_
al'fectiJlIl!>o IIaIdanl 311 """ CBL(F... :\.9l,
Tho oonde. b<i,.lilh' aOO rip:!. <011 b< rifociomly 1Ilral
iud ~ ",..,. 01 ;"'1... ctftl'O!;",n ond tI<....... """,Id
ins .1OOd""liIy Cl:ll.."
Of'...... hiaNy ~ ..dl~

do.. ,Olio

ia ind<pcn<k.nI.r I'<i"" a<nri<i"l)'.

Moid ............... on.:I i. 0<1.

.........in<t.......p. _

OitiOll .. mocb .... &ftectod ~

0'1IInIiZJliooI of tbo
""" ~ wi...
Clll ,"", tbo , _ 0( a 1.4-" """"'" "". b< 1<f'T"'eIIll "". C8I..Jike .... Io i. mV (SA2Sj ond .. an .ue-iorl
in dBlfI (CAIT). l'il"''''-IO _ " CBT-VDl .... ~
eel i. tbo _
.... II.lIIa CBUVOL 1o&0I!'i1. H. Tho
oonde !ll&II .... <O<I"'1IIioDaI

CBl

_oualiorl 'Ole (IIA m .. npreaoal in dBlII. TnlIIOil 'im<a

TIl ond Tn. ~in. fUP'lC'l'o1 "' ltJ< 1.4-11 ond
.... HfI OI*i, .... ....-..od in rrock l. Tho O.'-M <poeill& ompli_ rSAG} or do< ........1iooI (SSAT}"
1id i.
11>0 f"""C'\l'Ooflaol no"""",, Tho 5-11 VDL m.n
lowec
lntWninor,""",ec Rl .,"",form io dioplayl in ,..<Ok ,.

.... ...., _

m<""~ """ioU of _ i l l i
o! 1.H\ .... 3.4. reo:aver",","_ _ ' " ""'"

.....". _

",,;e,.. IN.,.,;,, .. Il\ttl ..... '" """f"lI<

111< p<i"ciplc: ., til<

_

....tio<I.

(F..q_ 5_1)
wbert:

Am. ompIitu<k of 111," recci'a 2 from opper Iron""illet

r.n.,

,lUI. ''''i'u<Io of!'.l," recci".. 11""" 1lJ'Pt' "OIWflil

Ia

fin",

A", RIp/_ .., El,"

l,:r

fum..

.....a.... 2 f""" ~ "."""il

AU . . . . . ."-"<Ie of Ill," reccj,ec 1 from .....r " .......il

.... finll&
I' "'" b< <how. I!W ........_

rU<

<aI<o...... "<>111

_!
....-1.,..,.....--. -...
_u , .
.. .. _......
..1
'
_
-'
'
'
'
!.
_,,_a
..
... ..........,.
__.
-'iI_.....
""-_.
CEMi;NT EYAWAnON TOOL
n..e-E_Toal(CET)_

_.....,.1Il

..."lloo_'

,.

"'-V .....

,t

.. IS "'1ll.l"O.''''~ 11rlo _

__

_ _ .......... - . . . . .

......
U.....

..

aI .....

.... __ ,.. I , . . u.ioII)' . . . . . - . . . CEl

.... ..... II

'lee! ..,.

IooaI

III

llt,oid iII _

_<JI"_lJ'lI.J.lll.n.:,e.uba
'C _
_ _ of

..

n....,." =..,. ..._ ..

........ .,... -.n.. '
il"~_

1iIfII ....... _ " ' - , . .

..

..-.._.

-,..""..-~--""'
TIIou

-boolJ."-,,,..-.1bo
'

",1aaaI"
Iolo.I.

of"",;po

(F".

io

of' ;

, _ . . , . _ ........ _

at<IooP.._

.,r- ... _ _. _

*""O' .. _

_-,,? "'''e.of

"....-

1.. _....,. . . .

._-.-.

_ io"'

"-

_IIl*,"_
_

S_Il~"'_~1

pooilioo of C'IClo d
_ _ lb.

"

......

1olP

_ilk

- . ",._.

"'de"
JU).

....,..""' ....... _ ( l ' l c

I, .Iol'.~olll,l'-~,J

... 1o(1l\ol ......,lloll/l,'

... ~",Ilt

...
...

~.,.,..,j'

_
.... _--~

~"....,.-.

~"'

~c

",,';

... '
>Ie

..

... ..

T_" ,._'

'

...

, -.,.

_Z

e-,._

.....

4 ..... _,

.Ilol-.,

' E ' _of .... _

10""""",

... -.,._ ... _,W,.io,.- .. _

...".OIInoI,,..,. m= '
b
1lold _
II.... I.'" bl" tofe<rintI
WI
IIllpIibod<
pW: _
of I!Ie I\nt <doo W,_ fIUtIhet
IIOIIIlaliuIio: lor .... 1lla io _ by..r......,. ...... \'OM
..".,. pipoo (WI") upo<led ...""' . . . . iI "" booIo ....
" " ' _ of

F'Q,li-l1"";O'. ';' oICE'T",o 0....

e.dI..-";

I'

' - . 2 10, fh:n "'" caoI,.

of
io

<&I'" ....,.
-11'

.. I .io fRo pipe . . . . - II)< W--=

.. -

'-r'
"'rill', _ ' ....

lbo~'" UUIpII of ea<:II . . . - . . .

1l'II'" II. _Ii

(:~)/,, "'~

{l!lj.J.2}

..........'''"'''SIoVo _ _

II'''~

.H-+++-1-j
.H-+++-1-j

Tn tIo>l

>0 .. , ..,

..

c_

f-~f-'WWT . WP

.
l.:
;

.,

f-f-e-J---l'o.:;r:::
i
LL!--cl--Jc--!c--!=l

T....." hl><l

FIQ,

~1:l-ClIT

, -w:

Tlmo

~
This _put i.. fw>ctio<I of .... ooou"i<: ill. ,,_, Z, 01
.... mod""" bo/Ilo<l <ad>It oA<lvlof_boo
.... C>WtJ Wttne<a. Tho
_ _
_~(Z.~~

10 tI< ompiri<all~ ,olalo;IlO

'"'"""" boilIfIliow for.5014). 111<

--

!>OJ

....,.",.. ., on 0'Il0fl_ coillnii

-.-

~ ~f'= l~ :::::

esoiv<
toll!

"*"

JIb

rehr
IF",*,

_diM'''''''''''-ao infioiI< mo<Wm be-

biod .... '*>i0ll;. Th< ....1.... It _ .

m>r . - obould lID <oncXIer....

"""'I'I<X ODd _

M1CROAl'o'NULUS
Mi<:roMIw.... 1t .......1 -u< pphol_ .....,0Dd
__ ..,..,.uJy _
by I<le&>irW 1110 """""" losi4e tile
, . . . . ~ .... <em<nl It 001. T')'p;<tllY' 1-1"" 2) IbIft
"'irI& Cllpond> by 0.1 rom (0.0001 ill.) roo 1000 psi oddod
......,.. T"'- _i<IlI ODd upoimen&al . ._
.......
,{feet i. "'""'" .. "'I.
ood _ _ ..... b<Iow
0.1 DUn, "'" CIlT IOOl ~ill 00IIIi>0u< .. "'" 0<lII<>OI, .. ""'"
IaIfth Il .......nl_ of tile oooulli<:
()J:lQ).
If ........... ",__r,llod, .... llydrMlli<: .... _1<1 _"",I
I~ tI< 1IIOiIIt&iftod. However, ;" po "",Ill _
0Pl' ",;0 "'"
p<eY<" po rnlgrodoo..

'*'

,.j'

"'.vdI&'b

2~'5~1

__ I "

.......00

"o'm'<

,,-

W
II))

I-

IM1
I

IJ

1/
1

rl

n,,',

',~

w.. Z,"'"

"""'~

_, I

---------- _..~o,z

flij, II-lr.-_ionOHP
_ _ 01"...........

~~iim

....

-oo
-,oo

-,,,,,'

11', [WW,j _

noRD n.1'ERfACE REFUtCl10NS

Thol)'pi<aI_kJIo.. of .... ~ _ .2Smm(1I.),
!'In of .... """"Ii< enetIl' ill _
lbrouJ!lIhe "'"""'"

o.J

T""" .......

_.~

fIollotlb..

_.If""u-fIooc _ _ ond~"""',_
, " p _ ooc/lic;ooo,
"""V..;u "" "","",.

,...of"'ouperimpooe
"
011 *" .........-00
... _'D. W,Ii'"'-'
.
-="

ond will
Iho "",.
."..,p:>neMiaI do<ay IIBd ~
"'1U<b ..... 11>
<lo<rease in <em<nt quoIiIJ. Thio io ,ypQ/Iy
""'" ol....u <:eIDO'lI<d cal'
inp. in thiD .....Iu i. [ron! or irt-_ ~I'" bmatiooo,
<If 10 _
caJi<If: <Irinp. To """'" 11><0< ""'...... "'tl<c_ , ' dlitd ............
io oprnod

_,.I'Ie< ....

It',

1O<t ..,.,..~

oI<ay.

-oo

,-

q_cw.-

"'- ....".lb.
~"

4.

No

T1>o preotnCI<nfthinl i.-fi<:e ~ itOOllod 00 ....

lot: ."" ifr41Iioo ldlJo _
Ihrouth ............. "'..

'oo
,oo

-oo
-, !:t~;I;tttt~H

-'''''. S ,.,.ilO830:lIl .... ""

=-.

.... t<Joi _ _
_thoI rdaI"-hip ~ W,N,ond
ill ....
"""" of
>:<1
i~ of !No.
0I0dlum
_
noid,
oiz<. MIl ito Illi<k_
..... Thl:I reIationshlp_ WI/,and
:1-17 ond _ _ ..nliocl ill ~-'oo
flOllldMa. 00 ltUllfOPll ..."rnw ~ (Wl""; IIi&h
ill

' . ' . . . . . 30:lll .. 45""

11lio<OO<ql;,_
<"""PIa< of W, ......... Il', (b<lIh ..""...il.Od '" rea<l I

.... pruauofllip~
by

-'OO
-'OO

~
......... of

<n<l or "', l1l<iilol ""'" _

10 '_l>o!rII'by .... r<Ilecl:_ (I'll. ~16), Tho W, ~ .. _.
malizodby 11', """0-""" "'", ........... "'1. IV"
Tho <:omlliMli<ln of 11', ond 11', ""*""'""" ;" _ .. de-

,oo
'oo

r.copipc).~oi_or

w,..v..

11';#,.,.

... "" y,."

I!wI. 11 (W,NJ) 00= if """"'" I""" die """"'" _

illlerf... or<""';vec! by
_ . Tho 1IIIl<ic;"'.
p<daDc< of .... _
"'" lhonf<n be _ _
r"""
11', iafonntUoo.
2 i""'C'OliOa if; ""'mally .ood . . II> its _
t<OOIutioo. bu' . . -.. opoori.... "'Rc<t....."' ........, Wiad<rwo ] is I'da1Dool .. ~ is

"',0<

w_

~.-

p""" ...... imoIioo of .... """"""' irnpoda/l<:< iI is lilt_

&impIe" __ .... ....,.cac<of

hit'"

C<ll!aC"' .... _ .

_ _ I!I< type of _ . So<no typicol 0IX4IIli0: im... _10

'-I. k _ . tI>oI ..,. ot 6coI'0) 1.6 p1! (ll.3 lbIpl) ..... Z of l . II)' k&/....,
,.1>M:b .. bolo,. """
~'"
S;_I4h< <0....... ODC!I _ . "
poDOl.... """"...
on: uO\lally -..:loted
Ijp'drillioJ: _
("'Iow<>- Zl.
lheir
io .bo pOIIil>k-

T_

ul_

""'.....,

",.,o...u..,.

di>c_

""~
o.
............u: """ be

_r

;,

hoo .. _
; , . _",_O.hlO'k&!"' W.IIo.... _preri
.....y th.oI ...... rtaia >o>oliIioBI,
_
olWT)' """
be ..
po dluiallIIc: """"' phooc. 1bc OR""Pl<IU
ofCBL ... _ion ....... I!I< CET ......... W,f(ond "''''.

,_lit'

.w

"-

,-l "

.,

u"

"
"
.,
"

It/9OII

Mud 11.1lIva/I

"""*" 5lurfy (fJCf ootj

c..r- (CS

- OQOQ pol)

~-

r_ r.l

..... _

,..-
,.,.
,.

oIl1l1mOO .......

.....io._

r- p' <alit>< ~ !tOOl <eII)'

The I""", p""'.........0;...' "'I'"
JIOI1 "'
pipe
iI ~ 10 p<. 1110 p<rnooo analy.
iii i
of"'" CSU wdltiI< ~ _
(CEQL) _";11 be dio<usoed ...., ill dWI_,

"""" (Fit. S-II}

~=~

All ~of.eEl' q
~

CAUl
fr<,m

1>-'"" Fl. 5-19. I' lIu boon

in .... "'.......1...... nIT lno "'Fi.

~.lO.""

IoIlowiot _

iI ~ :
OVO'Ot<0f .... four IIiIh-ruoIuIion diamooon
nnait _

Iiod. In ""'k 1.....

0;"" . .. -

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OVAL
~ o<dil!<l-.: bet"""" .... 1arJ<..
ond
"'" diomco:n
ECCE
eccea<rollulioo 01 .... _
. . . "",Ii'y"

com.. _ _

CCLU, "" .1trDOIIi<

,I,,'hod from
CAW
GR,. _ _ n.y'" fo< " " ' _
TId. 2 - . . .,......;,..;"" ~ of ....
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IranSdloI=I (......,... 0.... 1 I\)

WWIol .......... rabo ""'" JtiO. cI

(""id1 _
ho <lao< til 1 ill f~ I"pe). It
l<>... .. 0,1 ill _
otl...., ......... ch<

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.

It iI...., poooit>l< .. OU<JIUI <Iino:tIy .. "qed """"'"' imond ........"..:I 0<m<II' ....,......."" 1IfaIlI;tb.
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It'Wr, p,ir!' alIIlf"""I'i...... ""'&'I' ~) 1> .....
played !II block _
hip _11 (1Iui<! '" PO) ill
.
Diff..... ' - o f sr-Y<'<IVer i
iole _ . 11 io polIi.", _
.... dUM -"
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iI "' .... ~r of the Indt. 00
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(blad:; b8ts)and po de\edioo IIap (1Ili< Ij....), The ",loti..
boanat <UI"'O do ..... riInpooed 10 u.Il<Mo "'" 1""11;" of
TruodII<er 1 Fth """"'" .. Il>o low Il40 "r IIlo """'11&.
Tho .......Iioo. of !be
~ality with tile CET I0OI
i< ...,. ofIeo - . . . b)' Obl<ly ohhe openl>oIo lop. i.
l""1i<:uIar eoIipe< lop .. Ipot ...-... and Uth>-Dansily
CNL "". 10 prIkl po proI:>l<ans,
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ill 100 II

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In .... 11)' .,...,. tbo objocti... of moo< qoWiIy
or ., 0lr10i;ry It>c <..... of pou< otm<nli... jobo '"'" ... u."'" repoir poooibiliti. 011<" _
CET 0IId CBL (or CBT)
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i<ImlifiI ond.
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The priD<iplemtho CEQL PJUInIl1 io ..... tbo CIIT iItIerpr<Iation roodcl '" map Ihc:
lOlidl in Ih< ......
h>o
easi _ _ and '" provi<le <:oropoti.

IboCBT _CJlL.VDL4ItI. The..,.,.

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bleOlllpdl

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of .... ""'IlIricol

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I'<aa'lC< of _
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II- " .. <:onfum
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be _ ........ llOC>IrWly .. -..tie to ; ,:< - . .
.....
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l:dli"" .....,. <M>.ltlllh< ....,
.
tioo ",,,dd oboo--";,, FI,I. !21. tI..... 10<
tbo..,;,
of impodara, Z _ 2.6 axreopoods .. _
"OJ)" ....ry
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from
i""i<lo. H""""or, thio _ _ hal .. be f<ldu<ed ( _

",,,,Ii,,,,,

kaI""'''

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...... II brn or liJlII
Tllb IhreIIwJld II c:oIlod Zcn.,-

=-,

It _ _ ~ .... tboCET ..I_ ...........

tioll of pi o.od that. """"'''''''';n <:<>Ildilion> "'" CBt
~""'" """""""" .... P''''~ or _
~ b)po_ The po_
fr<,eps oOUllly
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of 0.1 '" 0.3 .....
fbi.lOII>:I ........... io <&lied Z
To
if
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io .....
tbo ... iD:a1

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(po_GRA1), Th<K
impl< __
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i.odi,i4uo1 ~~:
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If l > Zcat (CEMEI'I1)
_
ir Zcat > l >
a.>.S LOOIC NEGATIVE (LIQIJID)
U..,' Cfl.y ir z < z"., (GAS)

z....,...-l

z....,. ... GAS LOOJC POSI

1Iork.~ II le,,,,, > l >

TIVE (GASE.OIJS crMEN1).

Tho _ _ o 1 ~ ~ "<ekJI/I, 0', Is _

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,".... ....."n;c.I rdotiooohipo btl...,." l
0' for ....
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From ... tht<_ dl,..,-in,i....,... <l<>J"fd ""...., m: <>.

pno'" I. pt.fll1a&<: or pi"" cimonf="", (Fi. 5-22);

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