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GRUNDFOS ENDSTR

POMPA EL KTABI

nite 5 mr devri maliyetinin hesaplanmas ...............127


Blm 5.1 mr devri maliyeti eitlii ..............................128
5.1.1 lk yatrm, satn alma maliyeti (Milk)........................ 129
5.1.2 Montaj ve iletmeye alma maliyeti (Mm)
5.1.3 Enerji maliyeti (Me) ....................................................... 130
5.1.4 letme maliyeti (Mi)..................................................... 130
5.1.5 evre maliyeti (Mcev).................................................... 130
5.1.6 Bakm ve onarm maliyeti (Mb) .................................. 131
5.1.7 Arza maliyeti, retim kayb (Ma)................................ 131
5.1.8 letmeye alma ve hurdaya karma maliyeti (Mh) 131
Blm 5.2 mr devri maliyeti hesab
bir rnek ............................................................................

132

Ekler................................................................................... 133
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
K)
L)

aret ve birimler ..........................................................134


Birim evirme tablolar ...............................................135
SI-nekleri ve Yunan alfabesi ................................... 136
Buhar basnc ve farkl scaklklarda
suyun younluu .........................................................137
Orifis ................................................................................138
Boru apndaki deiiklie bal statik
basn deiimi ............................................................ 139
Lleler ............................................................................ 140
Dirsek, vana, vs. deki basn kayplar
Iin Nomogram ............................................................. 141
20c deki temiz su iin boru kayb nomogram.....142
Periyodik sistem .......................................................... 143
Pompa standartlar..................................................... 144
Sv scaklnn bir fonksiyonu
olarak farkl svlarn viskoziteleri ............................145

Dizin ...........................................................................................151
Szlk

ok kademeli
radyal akl pompalar

Tek-kademeli radyal
akl pompalar

Kark akl pompalar

Eksenel akl pompalar

p = PH =
2

.g.Q.H
P2 x 3600

Utan-emili

Yatay

ok kademeli

Uzun-milli

Monoblok

Monoblok

D mknatslar

mknatslar

Kovan

ekil 1.3.9 : O-ring salmastra


O-ring salmastrann
avantaj ve
dezavantajlar
Avantajlar:
Scak sv ve yksek basn
uygulamalarna uygun
Dezavantajlar:
Mildeki pas gibi tortular,
O-ring salmastrann eksenel
olarak haraket etmesini
engelleyebilir.

Katlanabilir yapda kr olan


kauuk krkl salmastra

Metal krkl kartu


salmastrann
avantaj ve dezavantajlar
Avantaj:
Mil zerindeki pas ve
kire gibi tortulara kar
hassasiyet gstermez.
Scak sv ve yksek
basn uygulamalarnda
kullanlabilir.
Dk dengeleme oran,
dk anma oran ve
dolaysyla daha uzun bir
mr salar.
Dezavantajlar :
Pompa doru ekilde
hizalanmamsa, mekanik
salmastrada daima bozukluk
oluabilir.
Ar scaklk veya basn
neticesinde yorgunluk
oluabilir.

Kartu
salmastrann
avantajlar :
Basit ve hzl bakm
Salmastra
yzeylerini
koruyan tasarm
nceden yklenmi yay
Emniyeter tama

Bar

25

20

Grlt
alma aral

15

10

3000 rpm deki hz


1800 rpm deki hz

1200 rpm deki hz


600 rpm deki hz

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

100

10

80

90

Kapatlmas gereken

Dw (mm) 100 B
B = dengelenmi
U = dengelenmemi

100 U

100

110

p ( basn fark)

00 00
15 18

80 B
n

00 00
30 1 ) 36
n
i
(m

80 U
60 B
60 U
40 B
40 U

30 B

30 U
20 B
20 U

0.001

0.01

0.06 0.1

Sznt Q (ml/h)

retici

Kullanc

Kategori 3 deki
ekipmanlar
(3G/3D)
Kategori 2 deki
ekipmanlar
(2G/2D)

Zon:
2 veya 22
Srekli
tehlike
Potansiyel
tehlike

Zne:
1 veya 21

Zon:
0 veya 20

Zon:
1 veya 21
Zon:
2 veya 22

Dk
tehlike
Zonlar:
Gaz (G): 0, 1 veya 2
Toz (D): 20, 21 veya 22

Kategori 1 deki
ekipmanlar
(1G/1D)

IM B3

IM B5

IM B14

IM 1001

IM 3001

IM 3601

IM B35

IM V1

IM V18

IM 2001

IM 3011

IM 3611

Art tolerans
[C] 180

15
155

10

130
120

10

Maksimum scaklk art

80

105 125

Maksimum evre scakl

40

40

40

40

B
Snf

Maksimum evre
scakl
(C)

Maksimum scaklk
art
(K)

Art
tolerans
(K)

Maksimum
sarg scakl
(Tmax) (C)

40

80

10

130

40

105

10

155

40

125

15

180

1
Frame size

56

2
Shaft end diameter

3
Rated power

4
Flange size

2-pole

4-, 6-, 8-pole

2-pole

4-pole

6-pole

8-pole

Free-hole
flange

Tapped-hole
flange

[mm]

[mm]

[kW]

[kW]

[kW]

[kW]

(FF)

(FT)

0.09; 0.12

0.06;0.09

FF100

FT65

63

11

11

0.18; 0.25

0.12 ; 0.18

FF115

FT75

71

14

14

0.37; 0.55

0.25; 0.37

FF130

FT85

80

19

19

0.75; 1.1

0.55; 0.75

0.37; 0.55

90S

24

24

1.5

1.1

0.75

FF165

FT100

0.37

FF165

FT115

90L

24

24

2.2

1.5

1.1

0.55

FF165

FT115

100L

28

28

2.2; 3

1.5

0.75; 1.1

FF215

FT130

112M

28

28

2.2

1.5

FF215

FT130

132S

38

38

5.5; 7.5

5.5

2.2

FF265

FT165

132M

38

38

7.5

4; 5.5

FF265

FT165

160M

42

42

11; 15

11

7.5

4; 5.5

FF300

FT215

160L

42

42

18.5

15

11

7.5

FF300

FT215

180M

48

48

22

18.5

FF300

180L

48

48

22

15

11

FF300

200L

55

55

30; 37

30

18.5; 22

15

FF350

225S

55

60

37

30

18.5

FF400

225M

55

60

45

45

22

FF400

250M

60

65

55

55

37

30

FF500

280S

65

75

75

75

45

37

FF500

280M

65

75

90

90

55

45

FF500

315S

65

80

110

110

75

55

FF600

315M

65

80

132

132

90

75

FF600

315L

65

80

160; 200; 250

355

75

100

315; 355; 400; 450; 500

400

80

100

560; 630; 710

560; 630; 710

FF840

450

90

120

800; 900; 1000

800; 900; 1000

FF940

FF600
315; 355; 400; 450; 500

FF740

Kalk ekli
Direk kalk ( DOL )
Yldz gen kalk(SD)
(Y/)

Ototransformatr kalk

Frekans evirici ile kalk

Avantajlar
Basit ve masrafsz
gvenli kalk
Kalk akmnn kp kadar azalmas

"Yumuak" kalk. Akm emplsiyonlar olmaz. Pompa


kalkarken su darbeleri daha azdr. lk kalk akm
gereken ekilde drlebilir, tipik olarak 2-3 kere

Dezavantajlar
Yksek ilk kalk akm
Yldzdan gene geerken oluan akm emplsiyonlar. Yk, dk
bir atalete sahipse uygun deildir. lk kalk torku dktr

Drlm voltajdan tam voltaja geerken akm emplisyonlar


lk kalk torku dktr

Akm emplisiyonlar olmaz. Pompa kalkarken su dar- lk kalk torku dktr.


beleri daha azdr. lk kalk akm gereken ekilde
Pahal
drlebilir, tipik olarak 2-3 kere. Motorun srekli
beslenmesi iin kullanlabilir.

0.8

80

0.6

60

0.4

Yzde

100

0.2

40
20

Verim
G faktr
0

25

50
75
100
125
Nominal g yzdesi

100

150

75 kW

90

7.5 kW

80

0.75 kW

70
60
Verim%

Cos

50
40
30
20
10
0

25

50

75
100
125
Nominal g yzdesi

150

175

Blm 1.4: Motorlar

Sembol

TP 111
TP 112
TP 121
TP 122
TP 211
TP 212
TP 221
TP 222
TP 311
TP 312

Teknik ar ykleme
varyasyonu (1 basamak)

Sadece yava
(rn. Sabit ar ykleme)

Yava ve hzl ( srekli ar


ykleme ve blokaj gibi )

Sadece hzl ( blokaj


durumu gibi )

Seviye says ve
alma alan

Kapatmada 1 seviye
Acil sinyalinde ve
kapatmada 1 seviye
Kapatmada 1 seviye
Acil sinyalinde ve
kapamada 1 seviye
Kapatmada 1 seviye

Kategori 1
(3 basamakl)

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

Motor ar termal yk altndayken izin verilen scaklk seviyeleri. Kategori 2 de, Kategori 1e
gre daha yksek scaklklara izin verilmektedir.

ekil 1.4.21 : Motorun kesit izimi

Eksenel kuvvetler

Rulman tipleri ve nerilen boluklar


Tahrikli taraf

Orta ila gl aras kuvvetler.


zellikle mil ucunun dua
itimi.

Tahriksiz taraf

Sabit derin-oyuklu bilyal rulman (C4)

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

Sabit keli temas rulman

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

Kk kuvvetler
(esnek kaplin)

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

Sabit derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C3)

e doru gl basn

Derin oyuklu bilyal rulman (C4)

Mil ucunda gl da
doru itim
Orta kuvvetler.
zellikle mil ucunun da
itimi ( ksmen pompada
hidrolik olarak tahliye
edilir )

Sabit keli temas rulman

Sv

Sv
scakl
t [C]

Su

20

Benzin
Zeytin ya

Younluk
r [kg/m3]

Kinematik
viskozite
n [cSt]

998

1.004

20

733

0.75

20

900

93

50% Propilen glikol

20

1043

6.4

50% Propilen glikol

-20

1061

68.7

H, P,

KH
1.35
cSt
100

1.30
1.25

20

cS

1.05

40

1.10

cSt

1.15

60

1.20

cS
t
10
cSt
5 cS
t

1.00
KP2
1.9
1.8
1.7
10

1.6

1.5

60

1.4

cS

cSt

40
cSt
20 c
St
10 c
St

1.3
1.2
1.1

5 cSt

1.0
0.9
Q [m3/h]
140
130

90
70
60
50
40
30
10
0

80

20

0m

100

=2

H=

10

120
110

=6

=4

H=

m
60

Hw = kH . HS

P2S = kP2 . P2w .

Hw
Hs

s
w

Su

2
1

Karm
Qs

Q
3

P
P2s

P2S = KP2 . P2w .

( ws )

P2w

Karm

Su

H
[m]

[%]

14
12
10
8
70
6
4
2
0

P2S = kP2 . P2w .

S
w

0
P2
[kW]
4
3
2

1049
P2S = 1.15 . 2.9 .
998

1
0

= 3.5 kW

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
80 Q m
[ 3/h]

1) lenebilirlii arttrmak iin alam eleman olarak kurun


eklenebilir
2) Dayankll arttrmak iin bronz ile alminyum alam yaplabilir.

Ksaltma

Polimer ismi

PP
PE
PVC
PEEK
PVDF
PTFE*

Polipropilen
Polietilen
Polivinilklorid
Polietereterketon
Polivinilidenflorid
Politetrafloroetilen

*Ticari ismi: Teflon

Kstlama

Genel sim
Common types
of copper alloys

Ticari isim
rnekleri

NBR

Nitril kauuk

Buna-NR

EPDM, EPM

Etilen propilen kauuk

NordelR

FKM

Floroelastomerler

VitonR

MQ, VMQ, PMQ, FMQ

Silikon kauuk

SilopreneR

FFKM

Perfloroelastomerler

ChemrazR
KalrezR

2.1.1 Montaj - Deitirme

ekil 2.1.8:
Yzer kaide

nitesi

Lp (dB)

Ar eii

120
itme eii
100
Mzik

80
60

Konuma
40
20
0
20

50 100 200 500Hz 1

10 20kHz
Frekans
kHz

dB (A)

10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
10

100

1000

10000 Hz

1
2

Basn birimleri iin evirim tablosu


Pa
1 Pa = 1 N/m2

atm*

bar
10

-5

9.87 . 10

at**
-4

mH2O

1.02 . 10

-5

1.02 . 10

mmHg
-4

750 . 10

1 bar

10

0.987

1.02

10.2

750

1 atm

1.013

1.033

10.33

760

1 at = 1 kp/cm3

1.013 . 105
0.981 . 105

0.981

0.968

10

736

1 m H2O

0.981 . 104

0.0981 0.0968

0.1

73.6

10.6 m

10.2 m

7.3 m
1 bar

12.75 m

* Fiziksel atmosfer ** Teorik atmosfer

1 bar

1 bar

1 bar

H(m)
12

Duty point for diesel at 20C


Duty point for water at 95C

10

Duty point for water at 20C


8

Duty point for brine at 20C

6
4
2

-5

v2
D2
p2
v1
h2

h1

D1 p1

v2 = 5.43 m/s2
D2= 125 mm
p2 = 1.1 bar
h2 - h1 = 355 mm
D1 = 150 mm
v1 = 3.77 m/s2

p1 = 0.5 bar

Kuru tip hava suutucu

h
Soutucu

H syst
H syst > h

Basn [Pa]

p1

Buhar basnc

ark girii

ark k

Pompada kavitasyon
durumundaki eri

NPSH

Q
ekil: 2.2.12: NPSH erisi

Barometre
basnc
p (bar)

Su
stunu
H (m)

Suyun
kaynama noktas

1.013

10.33

100

500

0.935

9.73

99

1000

0.899

9.16

96

2000

0.795

8.10

93

Deniz
seviyesinden
ykseklik (m)

(C)

ekil : 2.2.13: Deniz seviyesinin stndeki barometre basnc

tm
(C )

Hv
(m)

150

45
40
35
30

140
130

25

120

20

110

15

100

12
10

90
80

8,0
6,0
5,0
4,0

Hf

70

3,0

60

2,0

50
40
30
20

NPSH

10

Hb

Hv

H [m]

NPSH
Hava ieren sv

Havalandrlm sv

Q [m3/s]

1,5
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1

P2

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

3x400 V/230 V ebeke beslemesinde, fazlarn


(L1, L2, L3) herhangi ikisi arasndaki voltaj 400 V
dur. Fazlardan biri ile ntr (N)arasndaki voltaj
ise 230 V dur.
Faz-faz voltaj ile faz-ntr voltaj arasndaki
oran:

Ufaz-faz = 3. Ufaz-ntr

AC tek-fazl motor, rn. 1 x 230 V

AC -fazl, rn. 3 x 400 V

4.4

kJ/kgK

kcal/kgK

1.0

0% Saf su
4.0

0.9

20%

3.6

0.8

34%
44%

3.2

0.7

52%

2.8

0.6

2.4

0.5

2.0
-40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120C

ekil 2.2.18: Etilen glikol iin s kapasitesiyle scaklk arasndaki iliki

H
[m]

50
40
70
60
50

30
20
10
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

40
30
20
10
0
80 Q [m3/h]

Hp
Ksma vanas

Hv

Sistem

Hs

H
Pompa
Sonu erisi
Daha kk pompa
Sistem

Hv

Ksma vanas

Hs

Q1

Q2

Q3

Bypass vanas

QBP
QP

QS

Sistem

HP

H
Bayypas vanas

Hmax
Daha kk
pompa

Sistem

Qs

QBP Sonu erisi

HP
Pompa

QBP

QS

QP

Hn
Hx

Dn
Dx

Qx

Qn

b
Ksma vanas

Hn

Hx

Vana

Hn
Hx
ekil 4.1.7: Pompann karsna balanm bypass vanas

Vana

ekil 4.1.6: Pompaya seri balanm ksma vanas

b
Bypass vanas

Hn

Hx

Hn

Hx

ekil 4.1.8: ark ap ayar

Hz Kontrol

Hy

111

H [m]

76
70
55

P2
100%
94%

50

Q [m3/h]

60

H [m]

70
55

P2

Q
110%

100%

50

60

81

Q [m3/h]

H [m]

70
55

P2
100%
67%

50

60

Q [m3/h]

H [m]

70
55

Q
Q

P2
100%
65%

50

60

Q [m3/h]

Srekli ayar
mmknm?

Yntem

Ksma kontrol

Evet

Oluan permormans
erisinde
Q azalr

Pompa sisteminin Debide %20 azalma


toplam verimi
ile nispi g tketimi
Olduka
azalr

94%

Olduka
azalr

110%

Hafife
azalr

67%

Hafife
azalr

65%

Ksma vanas
Hn
Hx
Vana

Bypass kontrol

Evet

H azalr ve eri deiir

Bypass vanas

Hn
Hx
Vana

ark apn
deitirmek

Hayr

Q ve H azalr

D
Hn
Hx

Hz kontrol

Evet

Q ve H azalr

Hz kontrol

Hn
Hx
Hy

Setpoint Hset

PIcontroller

Actual value H1

Speed
controller
Q1

DPT1
DPT2

H
[m]100%
70
90%
60 86%
50 80%
40 70%
30 60%
20 50%
10
25%
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

Q m
[ 3/h]

P
[kW]
1

6
4
2
0
Q m
[ 3/h]

ekil 4.4.2: Hz kontroll bir pompann performans erisi

HO
Q

H
[m]100%
24

99%
90%

20
80%
16
70%
12
60%
8

50%

4
25%
0

10

12

14

16

Q m
[ 3/h]

P1
[kW]
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
Q m
[ 3/h]

p -p
(2-1) . 105
Ho = h + t. s = 20 +
= 30.2 m
g
998 . 9.81

pf
1.3 . 105
Hmax = Ho +
= 30.2 +
= 43.5 m
.g
998 . 9.81

H
[m] 100%
60

90%

50
80%
40
70%

HO

60%

20 50%
10
25%
0
P1
[kW]

8Q m
[ 3/h]

1.2
0.8
0.4
0
Q m
[ 3/h]

f1 > f2

f1
f2

n
ekil 4.5.1: Motorun tork zelliklerinin yer deitirmesi

ebeke voltaj AC

EMC
Filtresi

Redresr

Ara devre
DC

Konvertr

Kontrol devresi

ekil 4.5.2: Frekans konvertrnn fonksiyonel elemanlar

Umotor
Voltajn ortalama deeri

t
T = 1/fm

0
0

* Detay

ekil 4.5.4: a) PWM (Darbe Genilii Modlasyonu) kontrolnde motor


akm (st) ve motor voltaj b) Motor voltaj kesiti

lk yatrm maliyetleri
Bakm maliyetleri
Enerji maliyetleri

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

lk yatrm maliyetleri

Sistem 1
5200

Sistem 2
7300

Dier kullanm
%80

Pompa sistemleri
%20

[%]
80

New
Existing

60
40
20
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

3
Q [M /h]

Sabit
hzl

Pompa tipleri

Deiken
hzl

Ortalama g tketimi

kW

18.76

11.31

Gnlk alma saati


Yllk alma gn

Saat
Gn

12
220

12
220

Hesaplama dnemi

Yl

10

10

Toplam eneri tketimi

kWh

495,264

298,584

Elektrik gc bedeli
Pompa bedei
Bakm maliyetleri
Enerji maliyetleri

Euro/kWh 0.07
Euro
3,602
Euro
1,417
Euro
33,284

0.07
7,204
1,417
20,066

Toplam maliyetler

Euro

28,688

38,303

45,000
Pompa bedeli

40,000

Bakm maliyetleri

35,000

Enerji maliyetleri

Euro

30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Sabit hzl

Deiken hzl

45,000
40,000
35,000

Euro

30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
Sabit hzl

10,000

Deiken hzl

5,000
0
0

Seneler

10

Factor
9

10
106
103
102
10
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9

1,000,000,000
1,000,000
1,000
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.000.001
0.000.000.001

Prefix

Symbol

giga
mega
kilo
hekto
deka
deci
centi
milli
mikro
nano

G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m

Greek alphabet
Alfa

Beta

Gamma

Delta

Epsilon

Zeta

Eta

Theta

Jota

Kappa

Lambda

My

Ny

Ksi

Omikron

Pi

Rho

Sigma

Tau

Ypsilon

Fi

Khi

Psi

Omega

180

453.15

10.027

886.9

0.01

10

Flow [m3/h]

100

1,000
0/

25

30
0
0/ 4
40 00
0 /3
50

50

35

0/

30

g . 2

0/
20

=
8 . Q2

25

0 150
/
15 125
0/
20
0

0/
15

2.g

25

80

/1 150/
00 10
0

12
5

80 125/

0/

10

40

1
/6 00/
5
65

80

65
/

50
/3
2

D1 /D2 =
0 80/
50

/5

65

H [m]

H =
22 - 12

1 _ 1
D24 D14

10

0.10

10,000

Q1
Q2 =

( )
p1
p2

p [bar]

100.00

10.00

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.5

2.5

2.0

1.5

d=

1.0

1.00

0.10
0.01

0.1

Q [m3/h]

10

1
H

2
He

Hidrojen

Helyum

3
Li

4
Be

5
B

6
C

7
N

8
O

9
F

10
Ne

Lityum

Berilyum

Bor

Karbon

Nitrojen

Oksijen

Flor

Neon

11
Na

12
Mg

13
Al

14
Si

15
P

16
S

17
Cl

18
Ar

Sodyum

Magnezyum

Aliminyum

Silikon

Fosfor

Sulphur

Klor

Argon

19
K

20
Ca

21
Sc

22
Ti

23
V

24
Cr

25
Mn

26
Fe

27
Co

28
Ni

29
Cu

30
Zn

31
Ga

32
Ge

33
As

34
Se

35
Br

36
Kr

Potasyum

Kalsiyum

Skandiyum

Titanyum

Vanadyum

Krom

Mangan

Demir

Kobalt

Nikel

Bakr

inko

Galyum

Germanyum

Arsenik

Selenium

Brom

Kripton

37
Rb

38
Sr

39
Y

40
Zr

41
Nb

42
Mo

43
Tc

44
Ru

45
Rh

46
Pd

47
Ag

48
Cd

49
In

50
Sn

51
Sb

52
Te

53
I

54
Xe

Rubidyum

Stronsyum

Itriyum

Zirkonyum

Niobyum

Mobilden

Teknesyum

Rutenyum

Rodyum

Paladyum

Gm

Kadminyum

ndiyum

Kalay

Antinom

Tellurium

yot

Ksenon

55
Cs

56
Ba

57
La

72
Hf

73
Ta

74
W

75
Re

76
Os

77
Ir

78
Pt

79
Au

80
Hg

81
Tl

82
Pb

83
Bi

84
Po

85
At

86
Rn

Sezyum

Baryum

Lantan

Hafniyum

Tantal

Tungsten

Renyum

Osmiyum

ridyum

Platin

Altn

Civa

Talyum

Kurun

Bizmut

Polonium

Astatin

Radon

87
Fr

88
Ra

89
Ac

104
Rf

105
Db

106
Sg

107
Bh

108
Hs

109
Mt

110
Ds

111
Rg

112
Uub

113
Uut

114
UUq

Fransiyum

Radyum

Aktinyum

Rutherfordiyum

Dubniyum

Seaborgiyum

Bohriyum

Hassium

Roetgenium

Ununbium

58
Ce

59
Pr

60
Nd

61
Pm

62
Sm

63
Eu

64
Gd

65
Tb

66
Dy

67
Ho

68
Er

69
Tm

70
Yb

71
Lu

Prometyum

Samaryum

Europyum

Godalinyum

Terbiyum

Disprosyum

Holmiyum

Erbiyum

Tulyum

tterbiyum

Lutesyum

98
Cf

99
Es

100
Fm

101
Md

102
No

103
Lr

Ferniyum

Mendelyum

Nobelyum

Lavrensiyun

Seryum

Praseodimyum Neodimyum

Meitnerium Damstadtium

90
Th

91
Pa

92
U

93
Np

94
Pu

95
Am

96
Cm

97
Bk

Toryum

Protaktinyum

Uranyum

Neptunyum

Plutonyum

Amerikyum

Kuriyum

Berkelyum

Ununtrium Ununquadium

Kaliforniyum Ayntaynyum

Kinematic viscosity
centiStokes cSt

Sekunder Saybolt
Universal SSU

2
3
4
5

32
35
40

50
10

20

100

30
40
50

200
300

100

SAE no.
o
( at 20 C)

400
500
SAE 10

200

1000
SAE 20

300
400
500

2000
3000

1000

2000

4000
5000

SAE 40

10000

SAE 60

3000
20000

10000

40000
50000

20000

100000

30000

30000

100000

SAE 50

SAE 70

4000
5000

40000
50000

SAE 30

200000

Concentration
wt % =
Temperature

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

-50

1107

259.7

-45

1106

173.7
118.6

-40
-35
-30

-15
-10
-5

32.3

101.2

1105

57.3

1097

68.9

1104

82.7

1089

40.0

1096

48.1

1103

58.8

1080

23.5

1088

28.7

1095

34.4

1102

42.6

1072

14.1

1079

17.4

1086

21.1

1094

25.2

1101

31.5

-25
-20

1081

1098
1089

1055

7.2

1063

8.8

1070

10.9

1078

13.2

1085

15.8

1092

18.8

1099

23.6

1046

4.9

1054

5.8

1062

7.0

1069

8.5

1077

10.2

1084

12.1

1091

14.3

1098

18.0

1028

2.9

1036

3.4

1045

4.0

1053

4.7

1060

5.7

1068

6.8

1075

8.1

1082

9.4

1089

11.1

1096

14.0

1018

2.0

1027

2.5

1035

2.9

1043

3.3

1051

3.9

1059

4.7

1066

5.5

1074

6.5

1081

7.5

1088

8.8

1094

11.0

1017

1.7

1026

2.1

1034

2.4

1042

2.8

1050

3.3

1057

3.9

1065

4.5

1072

5.3

1079

6.1

1086

7.1

1092

8.8

10

1016

1.5

1024

1.8

1032

2.1

1041

2.4

1048

2.8

1056

3.2

1063

3.8

1070

4.4

1077

5.0

1084

5.8

1090

7.1

15

1014

1.3

1023

1.6

1031

1.8

1039

2.1

1047

2.4

1054

2.8

1061

3.2

1068

3.7

1075

4.2

1082

4.8

1088

5.9

20

1013

1.1

1021

1.4

1029

1.6

1037

1.8

1045

2.0

1052

2.4

1059

2.7

1066

3.1

1073

3.5

1079

4.0

1086

4.9

25

1011

1.0

1019

1.2

1027

1.4

1035

1.6

1043

1.8

1050

2.1

1057

2.4

1064

2.7

1071

3.0

1077

3.4

1083

4.1

30

1009

0.9

1018

1.1

1026

1.2

1033

1.4

1041

1.6

1048

1.8

1055

2.1

1062

2.3

1068

2.6

1075

3.0

1081

3.5

35

1008

0.8

1016

1.0

1024

1.1

1031

1.2

1039

1.4

1046

1.6

1053

1.8

1059

2.1

1066

2.3

1072

2.6

1078

3.0

40

1006

0.7

1014

0.9

1021

1.0

1029

1.1

1036

1.2

1043

1.4

1050

1.6

1057

1.8

1063

2.0

1069

2.3

1076

2.6

45

1003

0.7

1011

0.8

1019

0.9

1027

1.0

1034

1.1

1041

1.3

1048

1.4

1054

1.6

1060

1.8

1067

2.0

1073

2.2

50

1001

0.6

1009

0.7

1017

0.8

1024

0.9

1031

1.0

1038

1.1

1045

1.3

1051

1.5

1058

1.6

1064

1.8

1070

2.0

55

999

0.6

1007

0.7

1014

0.7

1022

0.8

1029

0.9

1036

1.0

1042

1.2

1048

1.3

1055

1.5

1061

1.6

1066

1.7

60

996

0.5

1004

0.6

1012

0.7

1019

0.7

1026

0.8

1033

0.9

1039

1.1

1045

1.2

1052

1.3

1058

1.4

1063

1.5

65

994

0.5

1001

0.6

1009

0.6

1016

0.7

1023

0.8

1030

0.9

1036

1.0

1042

1.1

1048

1.2

1054

1.3

1060

1.4
1.2

70

991

0.5

998

0.5

1006

0.6

1013

0.6

1020

0.7

1027

0.8

1033

0.9

1039

1.0

1045

1.1

1051

1.2

1056

75

988

0.4

996

0.5

1003

0.5

1010

0.6

1017

0.6

1023

0.7

1030

0.8

1036

0.9

1042

1.0

1047

1.1

1053

1.1

80

985

0.4

992

0.5

1000

0.5

1007

0.5

1014

0.6

1020

0.7

1026

0.8

1032

0.8

1038

0.9

1044

1.0

1049

1.0
0.9

85

982

0.4

989

0.4

997

0.5

1003

0.5

1010

0.5

1017

0.6

1023

0.7

1029

0.8

1034

0.8

1040

0.9

1045

90

979

0.3

986

0.4

993

0.4

1000

0.5

1007

0.5

1013

0.6

1019

0.6

1025

0.7

1031

0.8

1036

0.8

1041

0.8

95

975

0.3

983

0.4

990

0.4

996

0.4

1003

0.5

1009

0.5

1015

0.6

1021

0.6

1027

0.7

1032

0.7

1037

0.8

100

972

0.3

979

0.4

986

0.4

993

0.4

999

0.4

1005

0.5

1011

0.5

1017

0.6

1023

0.6

1028

0.6

1033

0.7

Concentration
wt % =
Temperature

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

-50

1077

2433.5

-45

1075

1390.3

-40

1070

468.8

1074

817.6

-35

1069

291.8

1072

494.4

-30

1063

157.1

1067

186.7

1071

307.2

1057

87.1

1062

102.5

1066

122.6

1069

196.0

44.9

1056

58.1

1060

68.6

1064

82.6

1067

128.2

-25
1051

-20
-15
-10
-5

1045

22.2

1050

31.1

1054

39.8

1058

47.1

1062

56.9

1065

85.9

1039

11.4

1044

16.2

1048

22.1

1053

27.9

1056

33.2

1060

40.2

1063

58.9

1021

3.8

1027

4.8

1032

6.3

1037

8.7

1042

12.0

1047

16.0

1051

20.1

1054

23.9

1058

29.0

1061

41.4

5.1

1036

6.8

1040

9.1

1045

11.9

1049

14.7

1052

17.6

1056

21.4

1059

29.7

1013

2.6

1020

3.1

1025

3.9

1031

1012

2.2

1018

2.6

1024

3.2

1029

4.1

1034

5.4

1038

7.0

1043

9.0

1046

11.1

1050

13.2

1053

16.1

1056

21.7

10

1011

1.8

1017

2.2

1022

2.7

1027

3.4

1032

4.3

1036

5.5

1040

6.9

1044

8.5

1048

10.1

1051

12.3

1053

16.2

15

1009

1.6

1015

1.9

1020

2.3

1025

2.8

1030

3.5

1034

4.4

1038

5.5

1042

6.6

1045

7.9

1048

9.6

1051

12.3

20

1008

1.4

1013

1.6

1019

1.9

1023

2.4

1028

2.9

1032

3.6

1036

4.4

1039

5.3

1042

6.3

1045

7.6

1048

9.6

25

1006

1.2

1011

1.4

1017

1.7

1021

2.0

1026

2.5

1030

3.0

1033

3.6

1037

4.3

1040

5.1

1042

6.1

1045

7.5

30

1004

1.1

1009

1.2

1014

1.4

1019

1.7

1023

2.1

1027

2.5

1031

2.9

1034

3.5

1037

4.2

1039

5.0

1042

6.0

35

1002

0.9

1007

1.1

1012

1.3

1017

1.5

1021

1.8

1024

2.1

1028

2.5

1031

2.9

1034

3.5

1036

4.2

1038

4.9

40

1000

0.8

1005

1.0

1010

1.1

1014

1.3

1018

1.5

1022

1.8

1025

2.1

1028

2.5

1031

2.9

1033

3.5

1035

4.0

45

998

0.8

1003

0.9

1007

1.0

1011

1.2

1015

1.4

1019

1.6

1022

1.8

1025

2.1

1027

2.5

1030

3.0

1032

3.4

50

995

0.7

1000

0.8

1005

0.9

1009

1.0

1012

1.2

1016

1.4

1019

1.6

1021

1.8

1024

2.2

1026

2.6

1028

2.9

55

993

0.6

998

0.7

1002

0.8

1006

0.9

1009

1.1

1012

1.2

1015

1.4

1018

1.6

1020

1.9

1022

2.2

1024

2.4

60

990

0.6

995

0.6

999

0.7

1003

0.8

1006

1.0

1009

1.1

1012

1.2

1014

1.4

1017

1.7

1019

1.9

1020

2.1

65

988

0.5

992

0.6

996

0.7

999

0.8

1003

0.9

1006

1.0

1008

1.1

1011

1.3

1013

1.5

1015

1.7

1016

1.9

70

985

0.5

989

0.5

993

0.6

996

0.7

999

0.8

1002

0.9

1005

1.0

1007

1.1

1009

1.3

1011

1.5

1012

1.6

75

982

0.5

986

0.5

989

0.6

993

0.6

996

0.7

998

0.8

1001

0.9

1003

1.0

1005

1.2

1006

1.4

1008

1.5

80

979

0.4

983

0.5

986

0.5

989

0.6

992

0.7

995

0.7

997

0.8

999

10.0

1001

1.1

1002

1.2

1003

1.3
1.2

85

976

0.4

979

0.4

982

0.5

985

0.5

988

0.6

991

0.7

993

0.8

995

0.9

996

1.0

998

1.1

999

90

972

0.4

976

0.4

979

0.4

982

0.5

984

0.6

986

0.6

988

0.7

990

0.8

992

0.9

993

1.0

994

1.1

95

969

0.3

972

0.4

975

0.4

978

0.5

980

0.5

982

0.6

984

0.7

986

0.7

987

0.8

988

0.9

989

1.0

100

965

0.3

968

0.3

971

0.4

974

0.4

976

0.5

978

0.6

980

0.6

981

0.7

983

0.7

984

0.8

984

0.9

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

Concentration
wt % =
Temperature

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

1060

1117

1174

1230

1285

1334

1384

1435

1483

1530

1559

1058

1115

1172

1227

1283

1332

1381

1429

1480

1528

1556

10

1057

1113

1170

1224

1280

1330

1377

1423

1478

1525

1553

15

1056

1111

1167

1222

1277

1326

1372

1420

1471

1518

1546

20

1054

1.3

1109

1.7

1164

2.5

1219

3.6

1274

6.2

1322

10.1

1367

16.8

1416

25.4

1464

38.2

1511

51.8

25

1052

1.1

1107

1.5

1162

2.1

1217

3.1

1271

5.1

1319

8.3

1364

13.3

1413

19.9

1461

29.0

1508

39.0

1.3

1159

1.8

1214

2.7

1268

4.0

1315

6.5

1360

9.9

1410

14.4

1457

19.9

1504

26.2

1.2

1157

1.6

1211

2.3

1265

3.4

1312

1357

8.2

1407

11.6

1454

15.9

1501

20.5

30

1050

1.0

1104

35

1048

0.9

1102

40

1046

0.8

1100

1.1

1154

1.4

1208

2.0

1262

2.8

1309

4.5

1353

6.6

1403

8.9

1450

12.0

1497

14.7

45

1044

0.7

1097

1.0

1151

1.3

1205

1.8

1259

2.6

1306

3.9

1347

5.6

1396

7.5

1443

9.9

1490

12.1

50

1042

0.7

1094

0.9

1148

1.2

1202

1.6

1256

2.3

1302

3.3

1340

4.6

1389

6.0

1436

7.8

1483

9.4

55

1039

0.6

1092

0.8

1145

1.0

1199

1.5

1253

2.0

1299

2.9

60

1036

0.6

1089

0.7

1143

0.9

1196

1.3

1250

1.8

1295

2.4

25

30

40

45

65

1033

0.5

1086

0.7

1140

0.9

1193

1.2

1246

1.6

70

1030

0.5

1083

0.6

1137

0.8

1190

1.1

1243

1.5

75

1027

1080

1134

1186

1240

80

1025

1077

1131

1183

1237

kg/m3

5.5

1540

cSt

100

1600
55%
50%
1500

50%
45%
40%

45%

35%

40%
10

1400

30%

35%

25%

30%
1300

20%
15%
10%
5%

25%
20%

1200
15%
10%

1100

5%

0
20

35

50

55

60

65

70
C

1000
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Concentration
wt % =
Temperature

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

[kg/m3]

[cSt]

10%

15%

20%

Concentration
wt % =
Temperature

25%

5%

-25

1245

7.7

-15

-20

1244

6.3

-10

4.3

1242

5.2

-5

1241

4.4

1043

-15

1189

-10

1138

3.0

1188

3.6

10%

15%

20%

1162

4.0

1120

2.9

1160

3.2

1082

2.2

1118

2.4

1158

2.7

1.8

1080

1.8

1116

2.0

1155

2.3

-5

1090

2.3

1137

2.6

1187

3.1

1239

3.8

1042

1.5

1079

1.6

1114

1.7

1153

1.9

1088

2.0

1135

2.2

1186

2.6

1237

3.3

10

1041

1.3

1077

1.4

1112

1.5

1151

1.7

1086

1.7

1134

1.9

1184

2.3

1235

2.9

15

1040

1.1

1075

1.2

1110

1.3

1148

1.5

1039

1.0

1074

1.1

10

1085

1.5

1132

1.7

1182

2.0

1233

2.5

20

1108

1.2

1146

1.3

15

1083

1.3

1131

1.5

1180

1.8

1230

2.2

25

1037

0.9

1072

0.9

1106

1.0

1144

1.2

20

1082

1.1

1129

1.3

1178

1.6

1228

2.0

30

1036

0.8

1070

0.9

1103

0.9

1141

1.1

25

1082

1.0

1127

1.2

1176

1.4

1226

1.8

30

1081

0.9

1125

1.0

1173

1.3

1223

1.6

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