dkys/u dk

iwjk lp
vkf[kj dkysku o Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykiQ bl vkUnksyu ls ljdkj bruh D;ksa Mj x;h\ D;ksa yksdrU=k dh gR;k
dh xbZ\ vkids lkeus izkekf.kd rkSj ij j[krs gSa bl dkysku dk iwjk lp
1-

2-

3-

dkykku D;k gS\ & voSk [kuu djds] ljdkjh fodkl ;kstukvksa ds ku dh pksjh djds] fj'or&[kksjh o VSDl dh pksjh
djds tks ku ns'k esa rFkk fons'k esa tek fd;k x;k og dkykku gSA dkykku gekjh jk"Vh; lEifk gS bl ij 121 djksM+
Hkkjrh;ksa dk gd gSA vius ns'k esa 89 izdkj dh yxHkx 20 gtkj yk[k djksM+ dh rks ek=k HkwlEink,a gh gSAa buesa ls dbZ
lkS yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk dks;yk] yksgk] xSl] isVky
s o ghjk vkfn rFkk blh izdkj vU; jk"Vh; lEinkvksa Hkwfe] HkwlEink]
2 th-] 3 th- vkfn oSKkfud lEinkvks]a taxy] tM+h cwfV vkfn lc dqN kjrh] vkdk'k o ikrky vkfn dh lHkh lEinkvksa
dks dqN Hkz"V o csbeZ ku yksxksa us csp fn;k gS vkSj bl ywVs gq, ns'k ds ku dks ns'k esa rFkk fons'k esa tek dj fn;kA bl
ku ij bu csbeZ kuksa dk dksbZ vfkdkj ugha gSA ;g ns'k dk ku gSA
;g dkykku fdruk gS\ & Xykscy iQkbusf'k;y baVfs xzVh (th-vkbZ-,iQ-)] vUrjkZ"Vh; eqnkz dks"k (vkbZ-,e-,iQ-)]
fo'ocSd
a (oYMZ&cSd
a )] VSDl tfLVl usVodZ rFkk Vkl
a isjl
as h bUVjus'kuy vkfn lHkh fo'o dh vkfFkZd laLFkkvksa ds v;;u]
fo'o ds ize[q k vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk vuqeku rFkk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSd
a ds }kjk Nkih xbZ eqnkz (uksV) vkfn ckrs]a bl ckr dk
iDdk izek.k gS fd Hkkjr dk yxHkx 400 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk dkykku gSA blesa yxHkx 75 izfr'kr fons'kh cSd
a ks
fLoVtjySMa ] eksjh'kl] bVyh] nqcbZ] flaxkiqj o yXtEcxZ vkfn esa tek gS rFkk yxHkx 25 izfr'kr dkykku ns'k esa gh tehu]
lksuk o vU; dk;ksZ esa yxk gSA
fons'kksa esa tek dkykku fdldk gS rFkk bldk mi;ksx dkSu dj jgs gSa\ & lcls vfkd dkykku dqN Hkz"V usrkvksa
rFkk blds ckn dqN Hkz"V vfkdkjh;ksa rFkk dqN csbeZ ku cMs+ m|ksxifr;ksa ds ikl ;g dkykku gSA fons'kh cSd
a ks esa tek bl
dkysku dk fons'kh .k ds :i esa fo'o ds cM+s ns'k mi;ksx djds fodkl dj jgs gSa rFkk foykflrk dj jgsa gSa rFkk Hkkjr
o vU; ns'k bl Hkz"Vkpkj o dkysku ds dkj.k xjhch] Hkw[k] vHkko o vieku esa th jgs gSAa dkys ku dks fons ' kh
.k ds :i esa ftu ns'kksa us fy;k gqvk gS muesa dqN ns'kksa ds uke bl izdkj gSa
uksV nqHkkZX; ls ge ftls dkykku dgrs gS]a ogh dkykku fLoVtjyS.M vkfn 70 VSDl gSoUl ns'kksa ds cSd
a ksa essa tek gks
tkrk gS vkSj vesfjdk] fczVus ] teZuh] izQkal o bVyh vkfn esa og dkykku ,DlVuy MSV vFkok iQWkjsu bUoSLVeSUV ds #i
esa igqp
tkrk gS rFkk Hkkjr esa Hkh ogh dkykku tc ekWjh'kl :V ls vkrk gS rks ogh vuSfrd :i ls vftZr ku vius
ns'k esa Hkh iQWkjsu&bUosLVeSUV ds :i esa okil vk jgk gSA
1

mnkgj.k ds :i esa vesfjdk o ;wjksi ds dqN ns'kksa ij .k dh fLFkfr bl izdkj gS%&

ckgj ds ns'kksa ls fy;k gqvk .k

vesfjdk
teZuh
izQkUl
baxyS.M
bVyh
Lisu
gkWyS.M
uksoZs
vk;jyS.M
yXtEcoxZ

45-

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ns'k ds vUnj ls fy;k gqvk .k

(External Debt.)

14.39 Trillion Dollar &

647-55 yk[k djksM+ #i;s

4.7 Trillion Dollar & 212-8 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
4.69 Trillion Dollar & 211-1 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
8.98 Trillion Dollar & 404-1 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.22 Trillion Dollar & 100-3 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.16 Trillion Dollar & 97-2 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.34 Trillion Dollar & 105-3 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.23 Trillion Dollar & 100-35 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.13 Trillion Dollar & 95-85 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
1.89 Trillion Dollar & 85-05 yk[k djksM+ #i;s

(Public Debt.)

& 388-29 yk[k djksM+ #i;s

2.60 Trillion Dollar & 117-37 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.15 Trillion Dollar & 96-9 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
1.71 Trillion Dollar & 77-11 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
2.42 Trillion Dollar & 108-9 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
0.887 Trillion Dollar & 39-94 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
506 Billion Dollar & 22-75 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
197.69 Billion Dollar & 8-88 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
192.41 Billion Dollar & 8-64 yk[k djksM+ #i;s
8.49 Billion Dollar & 0-38 yk[k djksM+ #i;s

8.62 Trillion Dollar

bl izdkj yxHkx bl 2 gtkj yk[k djksM+ #i;s esa gh Hkkjr dk 300 ls 400 yk[k djksM+ dkykku rFkk ns'k dh
vkUrfjd O;oLFkk esa Hkh yxHkx 100 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dkykku fo|eku gSA blls cM+h nq%[kn ?kVuk] vk'p;Z] vU;k;
vkSj D;k gksxk fd Hkkjr o ,f'k;k ds vU; ns'kksa ds dkysku ls ;wjksi ds ns'k fodkl o foykflrk djsa rFkk Hkkjr o ,f'k;k
ds yksx Hkw[kksa ejsAa ;g fdruh 'keZ] vk'p;Z o vU;k;iw.kZ ckr gSA ;g iki rqjUr cUn gksuk pkfg,A Hkkjr esa xjhch ds dkj.k
Hkw[k o dqiks"k.k ls ejus okyksa dh la[;k Xykscy gaxj fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 1 feuV esa 13] ,d ?k.Vs esa 883 rFkk ,d fnu
esa yxHkx 20 gtkj gSA
ftl fnu Hkkjr ls Hkz"Vkpkj [kRe gks tk;sxk rFkk ns'k dk ywVk gqvk ku okil fey tk;sxk ml fnu Hkkjr dh
vFkZO;oLFkk o eqnkz bruh etcwr gksxh fd 1 #i;s dh dher 50 MkWyj ds cjkcj gksxh rFkk Hkkjr fo'o dh lcls cM+h
vkfFkZd egk'kfDr gksxkA vkt Hkh Hkz"V O;oLFkk ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj ds ckotwn nqfu;k ds vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr ij ckgj
ds ns'kksa dk fy;k x;k .k ek=k 0-237 fVfy;u Mkyj 10-66 yk[k djksM+ #i;s rFkk vkUrfjd .k ek=k 0-855 fVfy;u
Mkyj& 38-48 yk[k djksM+ #i;s gSA Hkkjr ds ckn Hkz"Vkpkj o dkysku dh vFkZ&O;oLFkk dks feVkus dk vfHk;ku vU;
,f'k;k ds ns'kksa esa Hkh pysxk rFkk Hkkjr o ,f'k;k dk mRFkku gksxk rFkk ge ;wjksi o vesfjdk ls Hkh vkxs c<+ tk;sxa As
bl izdkj fons'kh .k ds :i esa fy;k x;k vfkdka'k ku ;g dkykku gh gSA lHkh ns'kksa dks vkt ku pkfg,] tc
vius ns'k ds gh fodkl ds fy, ku dh lHkh ns'kksa dks t:jr gSA fiQj fons'kh .k ds :i esa dksbZ D;ksa fdlh nwljs ns'k
dks .k ds #i esa iSlk nsxkA dkykku ftl ns'k dk gS ;fn ml ns'k dks fey tk, rks Hkkjr lfgr nqfu;k esa dksbZ Hkh ns'k
xjhc ugha jgsxkA dkykku o Hkz"Vkpkj ;gh iwjh nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h nks leL;k,a gSa \
Hkkjr dk ;g dkykku dgk tek gS\ &fLoVjtySMa ] nqcbZ] bVyh] ckgkekl] laVs fdV~l] oftZu vkbZy.S M o flaxkiqj vkfn
70 ls T;knk ns'k gS]a tgka ;s dkykku tek gSA
fons'kksa esa ;s ns'k dk ku dSls tkrk gS\ & cSd
a ksa dh xksiuh;rk dk ykHk mBkdj gokyk] vksoj bUok;flax] vaMj
bUokbflax djds rFkk Hkz"Vkpkjh O;fDr [kqn fLoVtjySMa vkfn tkdj ogka tek djkrs gSAa vc rks Hkkjr esa dsUnz ljdkj us
fLoVjtySMa o bVyh vkfn ds mu cSd
a ksa dks Hkkjr es 'kk[kk [kksyus ds fy, ykblsl
a ns fn;k gS tks dkykku tek djrs gSa
ftlls fd csbeZ ku yksxksa dks ns'k dk ywVk gqvk ku fons'kh cSd
a ks esa tek djkus esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh u gksA
2

6-

7-

8-

9-

;g dSls irk pysxk fd fdldk fdruk dkykku fdl ns'k esa tek gS rFkk ;g dSls okil vk;sxk\ &
d- ftu ns'kksa esa ;s dkykku tek gS mu lHkh ns'kksa ds nwrkokl Hkkjr esa gS tc Hkh ;s Hkz"V yksx mu ns'kksa esa tkrs gSa rks tkus
ls igys mu ns'kkas dk bUgha nwrkoklksa ls ohtk ysrs gSa blds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr ljdkj ds Hkh behxz's ku foHkkx dks irk gksrk
gS fd dkSu O;fDr fdl ns'k esa tk jgk gS rFkk ogk ls tkdj vk;k gSA ;s iwjk fooj.k ljdkj ds ikl gS bl ij rqjUr dk;Zokgh
djds ljdkj irk yxk ldrh gS fd dkykku tek djus okys dkSu yksx gSAa dqN yksx fLoVtjySMa o vU; VSDl gsou
ns'kksa esa ?kweus] ukSdjh djus o vius fj'rsnkjksa ds Hkh ikl tk ldrs gS ysfdu dqN cM+s usrk] cM+s vfkdkjh rFkk cM+s O;kikjh
ckj&ckj ogka ij tkrs gSAa bldk eryc os gh csbeZ ku gSa vkSj ckj&ckj iSlk tek djokus ds fy, gh tkrs gSAa
[k- Hkkjr esa jgdj tks yksx fons'kksa esa vius [kkrksa dk lapkyu djrs gSa mudk VSDuhdy bUosfLVxs'ku djds vFkkZr~
bUVjus'kuy bUiQksjes'ku xsVost ij lfoZy'as k (tkap) ds midj.k yxkdj mudk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
x- eksjh'kl :V ls ns'k esa vk;k yxHkx 50 yk[k djksM+ #i;k bUgha Hkz"V yksxksa dk gh gSA bldh iwjh tkap djds eksjh'kl
:V ls vk;s ku dks Hkh jk"Vh; lEifk ?kksf"kr djus dh t:jr gSA
?k- ns'k esa tek dkysku dks okil ykus o vu&vdkUVsM euh ij jksd yxkus ds Hkh cgqr ls mik; gaS tSls cMs+ uksV okil
ysuk rFkk ftuds ikl gtkjksa djksM+ #i;s ds cM+s uksV gSa mudk ku Lor% ljdkj ds ikl vk tk;sxk rFkk ftu yksxksa
ds ikl 1 yk[k ls 10 yk[k #i;s gS ;k ftudh ftruh ukSdjh ;k esgur dh dekbZ gS mudks cSd
a ks ls NksVs uksV fey
tk;sxAas bl fo"k; esa foLrkj ls ppkZ dh tk ldrh gS rFkk Hkkjr LokfHkeku dh nwljh izpkj lkexzh esa bldh foLrkj
ls ppkZ Hkh dh x;h gSA Hkkjr esa ftu Hkz"V yksxksa us lksuk o tehu vkfn vU; dkeksa esa dkysku dk fuos'k fd;k gqvk
gS ;fn ljdkj pkgs rks bldk vklkuh ls irk yxk ldrh gSA cSd
a ksa vkfn ds yksdlZ ls lksuk rFkk rglhyksa ij fu"i{k
tkap djds Hkz"V yksxksa ds ikl tks voSk Hkwfe] Hkou bR;kfn gS bl lcdk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
M+- dkysku dk irk yxkus ds fy, Hkz"Vkpkj esa fyIr jgs O;fDr dk ukdksZ VsLV Hkh djok;k tk ldrk gSA ;g vfUre
fodYi ds :i esa cgqr gh dkjxj fl gksxkA
fons'kksa esa tek dkysku dks okil ykus dk rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykiQ yksdiky o vU; dBksj dkuwu cukus ds
lkFk gh xyr dkuwuksa] uhfr;ksa o bl Hkz"V O;oLFkk dks cnyus dk yksdrkfU=kd 'kklu iz.kkyh esa ,d ek=k
vfkdkj fdlds ikl gS\ & pquh gqbZ dsUnz ljdkj ;k laln ds ikl vkSj laln esa lakln pqudj Hkstus dk ,dek=k
vfkdkj ns'k dh turk ds ikl gSA vr% bl ckj ,sls lkaln pqudj Hkstks] ,slh ljdkj dsUnz (fnYyh) esa cukvks tks
dkykku ns'k dks fnyok;s] Hkz"Vkpkj feVk;s o Hkz"V O;oLFkkvksa dks cnysA
dkysku ds eqs ij lqizhe dksVZ dk n`f"Vdks.k D;k gS\ & ekuuh; lqihz e dksVZ us orZeku dsUnz ljdkj ij vktknh ds
bfrgkl esa igyh ckj tks ,sfrgkfld o fu.kkZ;d iQSlyk lqukrs gq;s tks fVIif.k;ka dh gS mlls ljdkj iwjh rjg ls uaxh gks
pqdh gSA ekuuh; lqihz e dksVZ us dgk fd dkykku jk"Vh; lqj{kk ds fy, cgqr cM+k [krjk gSA ljdkj dksVZ ds n[ky ds
ckn gh dqN dk;Zokgh djrh gS ljdkj vius yksdrkfU=kd o laoS kkfud nkf;Roksa dks xEHkhjrk o izkekf.kdrk ds lkFk ugha
fuHkk jgh gSA ljdkj dh uh;r Bhd ugh gSA ek lqihz e dksVZ dh ;g fVIi.kh ljdkj ds eqg ij cgqr cM+k rekpk gSA
dkysku us ljdkj dk eqg dkyk dj fn;k gS vkSj lqihz e dksVZ ckj&ckj dg jgh gS fd ljdkj fons'kksa esa dkykku tek
djus okyksa ds uke D;ksa ugha crk jgh gS\ ljdkj tc laoS kkfud] yksdrkfU=kd o jktuSfrd nkf;Ro fuHkkus esa foiQy gks
x;h gS rks ek lqihz e dksVZ us Lo;a igy djds ,l-vkbZ-Vh- vFkkZr dkysku ij fo'ks"k tkapny dk xBu fd;k gSA ek
lqihz e dksVZ dk ;g fu.kZ; gekjs bl tufgr o jk"Vfgr ds vkUnksyu dh vko';drk] oSkkfudrk o izkekf.kdrk dk lcls cM+k
lcqr gSA ek lqihz e dksVZ dk ;g fu.kZ; n'kkZrk gS fd ge lgh Fks vkSj ljdkj igys Hkh xyr Fkh rFkk vkt Hkh xyr gSA
D;k vc rd fLol cSadksa ls dksbZ ns'k dkykku okil yk;k gS\ & tc ukbZthfj;k fons'kksa esa tek viuk 522 fefy;u
MkWyj ls vfkd ku] is: 180 fefy;u MkWyj] fiQyhihUl 624 fefy;u MkWyj] tkEch;k 52 fefy;u MkWyj okil yk
3

ldrk gS rFkk vesfjdk 4000 ls vfkd vius ns'k ds fLoV~tjyS.M esa dkykku tek djus okys yksxksa ij dk;Zokgh djds
vius yk[kksa djksM+ #i;s okil yk ldrk gS vkSj blh rjg teZuh] V~;uw fs 'k;k o ikfdLrku Hkh viuk dkykku fons'kksa ls
yk ldrk gS rks vc rd Hkkjr ,d #i;k Hkh dkykku okil D;ksa ugha ysdj vk;k\
10- dkykku okil ykus okyh ljdkj dk fnYyh esa jkt dSls vk;sxk\ & ;g rHkh lEHko gksxk tc lc yksx feydj
dkykku okfil ykus o Hkz"Vkpkj feVkus ds fy, ,dtqV gksdj oksV djsAa blh dks ge dg jgsa gSa fd ge lc jk"V&HkDr
feydj ,d jk"Vh; oksV cSd
a rS;kj djsxa As
11- dkykku okil vkus ls rFkk Hkkjr LokfHkeku vkanksyu ds iwjk gksus ls ns'k dks D;k feysxk\
d- 400 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dkykku okil vkus ls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk o eqnkz etcwr gksxh] gekjh ldkjkRed th Mhih- c<+xs hA f"kxr] vkS|ksfxd o lsokxr fodkl gksxkA vkus okys 40 ls 50 lky rd ns'kokfl;ksa dks VSDl ugha nsuk
iM+xs k] blls ns'koklh kuoku~ gksxa s rFkk xSl] Mhty] isVky
s o xkM+h vkfn lHkh oLrq,a 30 ls 50 izfr'kr lLrh gksxha]
lcdks f'k{kk o LokLF; vkfn lsok,a feysxhA dksbZ Hkh ns'koklh csjkstxkj ugha gksxkA ge viuh vFkZ'kfDr dk lSU; o
ijek.kq 'kfDr dks c<+kus esa iz;ksx dj ns'k dks lqj{kk esa iw.kZ LokoyEch o 'kfDr'kkyh cuk ldsxa Aas
[k- Hkz"Vkpkj feVus ls ns'k esa fj'or[kksjh cUn gksxh] iwjk fodkl gksxk] ns'k dh yxHkx 20 yk[k djksM+ dh HkwlEink, o
vU; jk"Vh; lEifr;ksa dh ywV ugha gksxh vkfnA
x- Hkz"V O;oLFkk ds lqkkj gksus ls lcdks U;k; feysxkA tks fu;e dkuwu] uhfr;k o O;oLFkk, vaxt
sz kas us gesa ywVus o gekjk
'kks"k.k djus ds fy, cukbZ Fkh mu lHkh uhfr;ksa dkuwu o O;oLFkkvksa dk Hkkjrh; ;k Lons'khdj.k gksxkA tSls f'k{kk esa
Hkk"kk ds uke ij vU;k; o laLdkjksa dk vHkko] fdlku dks vdq'ky Jfed ekudj mldh mit ds ewY; fukkZj.k esa
i{kikr o 1894 ds cus Hkwfe vfkxzg.k dkuwu ds uke ij 'kks"k.k] 1760 ds cus dkys dkuwu ds vkkkj ij xksgR;k o
'kjkc ds O;kikj dks dkuwuu oSkrkA 1861 ds cus iqfyl ,DV ds vkkkj ij turk ds lkFk wjrk o vR;kpkj vkfn]
34735 dkuwu ftuds vkkkj ij U;k; ugha cfYd iQSlyk feyrk gS oks Hkh o"kksZ cknA ;s lc O;oLFkk ,d "kM~;U=k ds
rgr vaxt
sz ks us cukbZ FkhA bl Hkz"V O;oLFkk dk jk"Vfgr esa iw.kZ ifjorZu gksxkA
?k- Lok;k] l'kDr o fu"i{k yksdiky cuus ls laoS kkfud inksa ij cSBs yksx ywV] Hkz"Vkpkj o fj'or[kksjh ugha dj ik;sxa As
Hkz"Vkpkj djds ywVs gq, ku dh olwyh gks ik;sxh rHkh Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa dks vkthou dkjkokl o iQklh dh ltk gksxhA yksd
lsok iznk; xkjUVh ,DV (ifCyd lfoZl fMyhojh xkjaVh ,DV) cuus ls ,d fukkZfjr le; vofk ds Hkhrj yksxksa ds
dke iwjs gksxa s rFkk tks vfkdkjh yksxksa ds oSk dke ugha djsxs k mldks izfrfnu 250 ls 500 #i;s tqekZuk nsuk gksxk rFkk
ckj&ckj xyrh djus ij mls c[kkZLr dj fn;k tk;sxkA U;k;ky;ksa esa vHkh rd yxHkx 3-5 djksM+ ekeys igys ls gh
yfEcr iM+s gSAa vr% Hkz"Vkpkj ds ekeyksa dh rqjUr lquokbZ ds fy, izFke pj.k esa izR;sd izkUr esa rFkk dsUnz esa ,d&,d
Lis'ky iQkLV Vd
s dksVZ cuus ls ,d lky ds Hkhrj dk;Zokgh gksus ls Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa dks rqjUr ltk feysxh vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj
djds vftZr lEifk tCr gks tk;sxhA
M- O;oLFkk&ifjorZu & lu~ 1894 ds cus Hkwfe&vfkxzg.k dkuwu ds uke ij fdlkuksa ds lkFk vU;k; o vR;kpkj ugha
gksxkA fdlku dks vdq'ky Jfed ds LFkku ij dq'ky Jfed dk ntkZ feysxk vkSj fdlkuksa ds fy, U;wure ewY;
fukkZj.k uhfr ds LFkku ij mudh mit ds fy, ykxr ewY; fukkZj.k uhfr cusxh o jk"Vh; fdlku vk; vk;ksx dk
xBu gksxkA jklk;fud [kknsa o fo"kSys dhVuk'kdksa ds LFkku ij tSfod [kkn o dhVuk'kd dk ck;ks&iQfVZykbZtj o
isLVhlkbZM~l dk iz;ksx gksus ls xksku] i'kqku kjrh ekrk dk [ksr o balku dk isV lc dqN lqjf{kr gksxkA f'k{kk ds
{ks=k esa Hkk"kk ds uke ij py jgk i{kikr o vU;k; cUn gksxk rFkk jk"VHkk"kk o vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvks
a xqtjkrh] ejkBh]
rfey] rsyxw] dUuM+] ey;kye] vksfM;k] iatkch] ckaXyk o vlfe;k vkfn Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa esfMdy dkWyt
s ]
bUthfu;fjax dkWyt
s rFkk f"k fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+us dk vfkdkj feyus ls ns'k ds xjhc] etnwj] dkjhxj] fdlku o
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xkao ds cPpksa dks Hkh MkWDVj] bUthfu;j o oSKkfud vkfn cuus dk volj feysxk vkSj teZuh] tkiku] phu] izQkal o
jf'k;k vkfn ns'kksa dh rjg gekjs ns'k ds yksxksa dks Hkh ns'k dh Hkk"kk esa foKku o rduhdh dh f'k{kk feysxhA vfuok;Z
ernku] LVsV iaQfMax bySD'ku o izkkuea=kh ds lhks turk ls pquko gksus ls yksdrU=k] ywVrU=k o Hkz"VrU=k gksus ls cpsxk
lkFk gh fu"dyad] csnkx o ;ksX; (ukWu djsIV ,oa dSics y) yksxksa dk jktuhfr esa cgqer gksus ls jktuhfr dk 'kqfdj.k
o iqutZUe gksxk vkSj ,d vkn'kZ jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ns'k dks feysxhA
dkykku okfil vkus ls vke bUlku dks D;k feysxk\ & gj Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks Hkh vesfjdk o fczVus vkfn rkdroj
ns'kksa ds ukxfjdksa dh rjg gh iwjs fo'o esa lEeku feysxk] ge vius Hkkjrh; gksus ij xoZ dj ldsxa s vkSj bl dkysku ds
mij lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa dk leku vfkdkj gksxkA blls lcdh le`f] lcdk lEeku] lcdh mUufr o lc kuoku gksxa As
vkf[kj dkysku ds f[kykiQ bl vfHk;ku ls Lokeh th dks D;k feysxk\ & Lokeh th us ckj&ckj iwjh izkekf.kdrk
vkSj xEHkhjrk ds lkFk viuh bl Hkh"e izfrKk dks nksgjk;k gS fd eSa thou esa dHkh Hkh pquko ugha yM+xw k rFkk dksbZ Hkh
jktuSfrd in xzg.k ugh d#axkA lkk] lEifk] flagklu ds eksg ls eqDr jgdj ;ksxkeZ ds lkFk jk"VkeZ ,oa jk"Vfgr dks
loksiZ fj eku djds Lokeh th us ;g vkanksyu iwjs fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls pyk;kA dkykku okil vkus ij ;g ku ns'k o
ns'kokfl;ksa dks feysxk u fd Lokeh th dksA ns'k o nqfu;ka ds 100 djksM+ ls T;knk yksx vkt Lokeh th ds izfr vxkk
vkLFkk] Jk o fo'okl j[krs gSa o mudks Hkxoku dh rjg iwtrs gSAa jktuhfr vkf[kj mudks ns gh D;k ldrh gS\ vius
;ksx&lkkuk] ri o lsok ls Lokeh th us og ik fy;k gS tks jktuhfr dHkh fdlh dks ns gh ugha ldrhA Hkz"Vkpkj o dkysku
ds f[kykiQ vfHk;ku 'kq: djds Lokeh th us vius thou dh lkjh izfr"Bk] ;'k o loZLo dks nkao ij yxk;k gS vkSj ns'k
o nqfu;ka dh vfr rkdroj vklqjh 'kfDr;ksa dks viuk nq'eu cuk;k gSA Lokeh th viuh tku gFksyh ij j[k djds vc
rd yxHkx 5 yk[k fdyksehVj ls T;knk fdyksehVj dh ;k=kk dj pqds gS ftlesa mUgksua s 10 djksM+ ls vfkd yksxksa dks
izR;{k ;ksxkeZ ls jk"VkeZ ds fy, tkx`r fd;k gS rFkk vc Hkh fcuk 1 fnu Hkh foJke fd;s og yxkrkj 18 ls 20 ?k.Vs
fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls dk;Z djrs gSAa
xzkeks|ksx o Lons'kh vfHk;ku ds ihNs D;k viuk vkfFkZd lkezkT; LFkkfir djus dh ea'kk gS\ & xzkeks|ksx o vkn'kZ
xzke fuekZ.k ;kstuk o Lons'kh vfHk;ku dk y{; xkao] xjhc o Hkkjr dh nfjnzrk dks nwj djuk gS rFkk fons'kh dEifu;ksa
}kjk dh tk jgh vkfFkZd ywV dks Hkh jksduk gSA xkao] xjhc o Hkkjr dk iSlk Hkkjr eas jgus ls Hkkjr vkfFkZd n`f"V ls
'kfDRk'kkyh cusxkA ;fn ge Lons'kh dk mPp xq.kokk ;qDr o de ewY; ds lkFk ,d vkn'kZ fodYi ugha nsxa s rks vkf[kj
bl fons'kh dEifu;ksa dh bl vkfFkZd ywV ij vad'q k dSls yxsxkA vxj ge vFkZ dh ckr djsa rks gekjs 'kkL=kksa esa dgha ij
Hkh vFkZ dh fuank ugha dh gS A vfirq vuqfpr ekxZ ls vFkZ lap; dk fu"ksk gS gekjs 'kkL=kksa esa rks Li"V dgk gS fd lq[kL;
ewya keZ%A keZL; ewye~ vFkZ%A vFkZL; ewya jkT;e~! jkT;L; ewyfefU;t;%A gekjs xzkeks|ksx o Lons'kh dk fo'kq
ms'; xkao dks LOkkoyEch o vkRefuHkZj cukuk gh gS] viuk vkfFkZd lkezkT; LFkkfir djuk ughaA
D;k dqN pUn yksxksa ds ri o iq#"kkFkZ ls ns'k cp ik;sxk\ & tc Hkz"Vkpkj djds dkykku tek djus okys dqN pUn
yksx ns'k dks cckZn djds csp ldrs gSAa rks pUn yksx ri] iq#"kkFkZ o lsok djds] laxfBr gksdj ns'k dks cpk D;ksa ugha ldrs\
;gh gekjh laLfr Hkh dgrh gSA ^HkfePNUr "k;% LofoZnLriks nh{kkeqifu"ksnqjxzsA rrks jk"Va cyekst'p tkra
rnLeS nsok milaueUrq* ;gh gekjs iwot
Z ksa dk vkn'kZ o osnksa dk vkns'k gSA
vkanksyu ds nkSjku ckj&ckj ;g fpV~Bh dh ckr dg djds vkanksyu ds ckjs esa Hkze iQSyk;k x;k vkf[kj fpV~Bh
esa D;k Fkk\ & ekuuh; izkkuea=kh th dks fy[kh xbZ nksuksa fpV~Bh;k tks Hkkjr LokfHkeku dh osclkbZV ij miyCk gS muesa
gekjs dkykku] Hkz"Vkpkj o O;oLFkk ifjorZu dh lkjh ekaxs o eqs Li"V :i ls fy[ks gq;s gSA Js; vkpk;Z cky".k th
dh vksj ls tks fpV~Bh fy[kh xbZ mlesa geus Li"V :i ls ;gh fy[kk gS fd ;fn ljdkj gekjh iwjh ekaxs eku ysrh gS rks
ge vu'ku lekIr dj nsxa s vkSj ml fpV~Bh esa dqN Hkh ugha gSA
5

17- D;k vfHk;ku iwjk gksus ls igys gh Hkz"Vkpkjh fLol cSadksa ls dkykku dgha fudky rks ugha ysxsa\& jkeyhyk eSnku
vkanksyu ds ckn miyCk uohure tkudkjh ds vuqlkj 10 ls 15 yk[k djksM+ #i;s fLol cSd
a ksa ls fudkyk tk pqdk gS
vkSj ml nkSjku Hkkjr ds Hkh dqN cM+s o Hkz"V usrk fLoVtjyS.M dh ;k=kk ij FksA vfkdka'k yksxksa ds eu esa ;g iz'u mB
jgk gS fd blh rjg ls dkykku fLoVtjyS.M o vU; VSDl gSou ns'kksa ls fudy rks ugha tk;sxk\ ge igys rks bl ckr
dk leFkZu djrs gSa fd bl dkysku dks okfil ykus dk dke ftruk tYnh gks lds mruk gh vPNk jgsxkA lkFk gh ;fn
tks Hkh O;fDr fLol cSd
a ksa ls dkykku fudky jgs gSa mudk Hkh nLrkostksa (fjdkWM)Z ds vkkkj ij irk vo'; yxsxk vkSj
mu Hkz"V yksxksa ls ns'k dk ;g ku fdlh Hkh dher ij okfil fy;k tk;sxkA
18- D;k dkysku ds f[kykiQ vkokt mBkuk xqukg ;k vijkk gS\ & 4 twu dh jkr rd ckck jkenso ,d jk"VHkDr ;ksxh]
lU;klh Fks vkSj vpkud 4 twu dh gh jkr dks ,d cts Lokeh jkenso Bx dSls gks tkrs gS\a os vfLFkjrk] v'kkfUr] vjktdrk
lkEiznkf;drk iQSykus okys xqukgxkj dSls gks tkrs gSAa D;k blfy, fd os dkykku o Hkz"Vkpkj dks feVkuk pkgrs gS\a
19- jk"Vh; oksV cSad D;k gS\ blls ns'k dks D;k feysxk\ & vkt tks ikVhZ dsUnz esa ljdkj pyk jgh gSA mldks ek=k 11
ls 12 djksM+ yksxksa dk gh oksV feyk gqvk gSA vkSj ;s oksV Hkh mlus ns'k ds yksxksa ds lkFk kks[kk djds] fodkl ds uke
ij >wBs lius fn[kkdj] vk'oklu nsdj] >wB cksydj] 'kjkc o iSlk vkfn ckaVdj fy;s gS] ftl fnu bu lc yksxksa dks gekjs
ns'kHkDr dk;ZdrkZ ?kj&?kj o xkao xkao tkdj gdhdr] lPpkbZ crk;sxa as fd lkk esa cSBs ;gh yksx Hkz"Vkpkjh o vR;kpkjh
gSa rFkk dkykku Hkh bUgh dk gSA blhfy, bUgksus ns'kHkDr Hkkjrh;ks]a funks"Z k ekrkvks&a cguks]a cPpksa rFkk fugRFks miokl ij
cSBs Hkw[ks yksxksa ij vlaoS kkfud] vyksdrkfU=kd o vekuoh; rjhds ls wjrk] ccZjrk o vR;kpkj fd, rks mudh Hkh bu
Hkz"V yksxksa ls ?k`.kk gks tk;sxh rFkk ge de ls de 40 ls 50 djksM+ yksxksa ds leFkZu ls dsUnz esa ,d bZekunkj ljdkj dks
vkxs yk;sxas tks bl ns'k dks dkykku fnyk;sxh] U;k; nsxh o bZekunkjh ls ns'k dk fodkl djsxhA
20- O;oLFkk ifjorZu dh cM+h ckkk&tkfrokn o etgch mUekn dk lekkku dSls gksxk\ & ge xjhc] vehj] nfyr]
ckYehfd] ouoklh] vkfnoklh] xzkeoklh] 'kgjoklh] vxM+&s fiNM+]s lHkh tkfr] lHkh keZ] iUFk] lEiznk; ,oa etgc o
lekt ds lHkh oxks dks le>k;sxa as fd gekjh xjhch] vf'k{kk o cngkyh dk dkj.k gekjh tkfr;k ;k etgc ugha cfYd
bl dkysku o Hkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k gh ge lcdh ;s nqn'Z kk gqbZ gS rFkk ge fgUnw] eqlyeku o bZlkbZ vkfn ,d nwljs ds fy,
[krjk ugha gSa geus ,d nwljs ds gd o vfkdkj ugha Nhus gSa vfirq bu Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa us ge 121 djksM+ Hkkjrokfl;ksa dk
gd Nhuk gS] bUgksus gesa xjhc cuk;k gSA ;s ns'k u ywVrs rks vkt fgUnqLrku esa dksbZ Hkh xjhc u gksrkA
vr% vkvks vc ge lc feydj bu Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa dks lkk ls ckgj djsa vkSj ,sls yksxksa dks ljdkj ds fy, pquas tks
400 yk[k djksM+ #i;s gesa fnyok,sa rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj o Hkz"V O;oLFkk dks [kRe djsAa blh ls ge lc lq[kh] leFkZ cusxa s o
LokfHkeku ls th ldsxa Aas
21- 4 twu ds jkeyhyk eSnku ds vkanksyu dh nks cM+h miyfCk;k 121 djksM+ yksxksa rd dkykku Hkz"Vkpkj o
Hkz"VO;oLFkk ds f[kykiQ ,d lan's k igqp
k rFkk ,d cgqr cM+k okrkoj.k o tuer rS;kj gqvk gS vkSj dsUnz ljdkj ds dqR;
ls mlds izfr yksxksa dh ?k`.kk iSnk gks xbZA 4 twu dh jkr dks ,d cts dk;jrk o ccZjrk iw.kZ wj vR;kpkj djds ljdkj
us viuk pfj=k ns'k dks fn[kk fn;k vkSj ;g izekf.kr (fl) dj fn;k fd os Hkz"Vkpkjh o vR;kpkjh rks gS gh] lkFk gh
dkykku Hkh budk gh gS] vU;Fkk fons'kksa esa tek dkysku dks oSkkfud rkSj ij jk"Vh; lEifk ?kksf"kr djus o bls ns'k esa
ykus esa budks vkifk D;ksa gS\
22- gekjs vkanksyu ds fojkskh dkSu\ & xko] xjhc o Hkkjr fojkskh dkysku] Hkz"Vkpkj o Hkz"V O;oLFkk ls iksf"kr gksus okyh
ns'kh] fons'kh&rkdrs]a fons'kh&dEifu;k] u'kk&ekfiQ;k ,oa nok&gfFk;kj ekfiQ;k] fons'kksa ls lapkfyr "kM~;U=kdkjh jktuSfrd
yksx] fons'kh ku o Hkz"V m|ksxifr;ksa ls lapkfyr dqN ehfM;k] fcds gq, cqf&thoh rFkkdfFkr [kkunkuh usrk tks bl ns'k
dks viuh tkxhj le>rs gS]a os gdhdr esa [kkunkuh ywVjs s o ns'k ds xn~nkj gSAa ;fn ckn esa Hkh Lokeh th ij dksbZ Hkh vke.k
gksrk gS ;k mudh gR;k dk "kM~;U=k jpk tkrk gS rks ;gh Hkz"V 'kfDr;k ftEesnkj gksxhA
6

22- D;k lpeqp jkeyhyk eSnku esa Js; Lokeh th dks ekjus dh lkft'k Fkh\
Lokeh th us jkeyhyk eSnku ds vUnj fxjrkjh D;ksa ugha nh\
D;k ckck th Hkkxs Fks\ &
bl ckr ds gekjs ikl iwjs lcwr gSa fd ;fn Lokeh th jkr dks jkeyhyk eSnku esa fey tkrs rks iqfyl mudks ftUnk ugha cfYd
eqnkZ voLFkk esa gh fxjrkj fn[kkrhA
izek.k ua- 1 % iqfyl us ,d iQthZ bZ&esy rS;kj djds igys ls gh ehfM;k dks ns fn;k Fkk fd Lokeh th dks vkradokfn;ksa ls
[krjk gSA Lokeh th dks uqdlku igqp
a kus ds ckn Hkz"Vkpkjh yksx ;g eu?kM+Ur dgkuh dgrs fd vkradoknh jkr dks iaMky
esa ?kql vk;s Fks vkSj mUgksua s Lokth dh gR;k dj nhA iwjk bZ&esy ge izdkf'kr dj jgs gS]a ;s cgqr gh xEHkhj o laxhu ekeyk
gSA Lokeh th iwjs ns'k esa yk[kksa fdyksehVj ?kwers gSa rks Lokeh th ij dksbZ vkradoknh geys dh lEHkkouk ugha gqb]Z ;g fnYyh
esa gh vkradoknh dgka ls vk;s\
izek.k ua-&2 % jkeyhyk eSnku esa jkr ds ?ku?kkSj vaksjs esa nqfu;k ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj lksrs gq, funks"Zs k] fugRFks] vfgald]
lR;kxzgh] ;ksxh] ns'kHkDr HkkbZ&cguksa ij geyk djus dk D;k ms'; FkkA jkr ds vaksjs esa yksxksa ij wj vR;kpkj djds
mudksa Hkxk nks] ftlls og vkxs ls dksbZ vkUnksyu djus dk lkgl gh u dj ldsAa Lokeh th us jkr dks yk[kksa dh HkhM+
ls 'kkfUr cuk;sa j[kus rFkk vuq'kkflr jgus dh ckj&ckj vihy dh] Lokeh th us rhu ckj eap ls iqfyl dks fxjrkj djus
ds fy, vkku fd;k ysfdu iqfyl rks Lokeh th dks lnk ds fy, feVkus o ns'kHkDr yksxkssa dks ccZjrk ds lkFkk jkeyhyk
eSnku ls gVkus ds fy, vkbZ FkhA ;gk cgqr gh xEHkhj o laxhu ckr ;g gS fd jkr ds vaksjs dk iQk;nk mBkdj] HkxnM+
epkdj Lokeh th dh voSk gfFk;kjksa ls vaksjs esa gh gR;k dj nsa vkSj ckn esa dg nsa fd HkxnM+ esa fdlus Lokeh th dks
ekjk gesa ugha irk vFkok ckck th dks ekjus dk vkjksi ckck th ds yksxksa ij gh yxk nks vFkok fdlh etgc ;k fdlh
vU; laxBu ds yksxksa ij ;g vkjksi yxk nksA
izek.k ua- 3 % jkeyhyk eSnku esa tc Lokeh th dgha Hkh ugha fn[kkbZ fn;s rks iqfyl dks yxk fd Lokeh th eap ds vkl&ikl
;k eap ds uhps gh dgha gS rks eap dks gh lqfu;ksftr rjhds ls vkx yxk nh vkSj eap o iaMky dks yk{kkx`g dh rjg tykdj
ogha Lokeh th dks tykus dk f?kukSuk "kM~;U=k jpkA
izek.k ua- 4 % tks iqfyl Lokeh th dks [kkst jgh Fkh muesa ls dqN iqfyl okys 'kjkc ds u'ks esa kqk Fks vkSj u'kksa esa muds eq[k
ls ;g fudyk fd tgka Hkh ckck feys mls ogha jxM+ nks] ;s D;k ladrs gS\a vki dgsxas fd ,slk dSls gks ldrk gS\ gekjk
Li"V mkj gS fd tc fcuk fdlh nks"k ds jkr ds 12&1 cts ;s vktkn Hkkjr ds jkeyhyk eSnku esa tfy;kaokyk dk.M tSlk
iki dj ldrs gSa rks Lokeh th rks vkt mu lcdks vius lcls cM+s 'k=kq fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tks bl dkysku ls ykHkkafor gks
jgs gSAa ftu ns'kksa us fons'kh dtZ ds #i esa ;g dkykku fy;k gqvk gS o mlds lkFk&lkFk fons'kh dEifu;k ftudk Lokeh
th ds Lons'kh ds izpkj ls gtkjksa djksM+ dk uqdlku gqvk] os reke "kM~;U=kdkjh rkdrsa tks Lokeh th dks ,d {k.k Hkh ftUnk
ugha ns[kuk pkgrhA ;s lc vR;kpkjh ikih ljdkj ds lkFk feydj lkft'k jp pqds FksA wj] Hkz"Vkpkjh rkdrsa tc lkft'k
djds ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh th tSl izkkuea=kh] (tks vc rd ds lcls bZekunkj izkkuea=kh Fks] ftUgksua s fdlh dk cqjk ugha
fd;k) rFkk usrkth lqHkk"kpUnz cksl vkfn dks ejok ldrh gS rks LOkkeh th ds lkFk Hkh ,slk D;ksa ugha dj ldrs\ Lokeh
th dh gR;k gksus ds ckn cl ,d tkap vk;ksx xfBr gks tkrkA usrkth lqHkk"kpUnz cksl dh e`R;q dh tkp djus ds fy,
Hkh rhu tkp vk;ksx cu pqd]s ysfdu 65 o"kZ ckn Hkh fdlh tkp vk;ksx ls dksbZ ifj.kke ugha fudykA jkeyhyk eSnku
esa Hkh ,d egku lUa;klh dks ns'k lnk&lnk ds fy, [kks nsrk vkSj Lokeh th dk fodYi lfn;ksa ds ckn gh Hkkjr dks feyrkA
ysfdu bZ'oj dh ik ls Lokeh th vkt gekjs chp esa gSa blfy, tks gesa djuk gS og lc dqN ge dj ysx]as ysfdu ;fn
iwT; Lokeh th gekjs chp esa u gksrs rks flok; vkalw cgkus] iNrkus o bu nq"Vksa dks dkslus ds vykok gekjs ikl dqN Hkh
ugha cprkA ge viuk lc dqN [kksdj Hkh th ysxas ijUrq ge fdlh Hkh dher ij Lokeh th dks ugha [kksuk pkgrsA Js;
7

Lokeh th egkjkt ftUgksus djksMk+ as yksxksa dk dY;k.k fd;k gS rFkk Hkkjr dk ;'k iwjs fo'o esa iQSyk;k gS ,sls egkiq#"k
;qxks&a ;qxksa ds ckn kjrh ij iSnk gksrs gSAa
jgh ckr Hkkxus dh & bu ikih wj yksxksa ds gkFkksa ejuk cgknqjh dk dke ugha FkkA vr% Lokeh th us N=kifr f'kokth]
egk;ksk kuqkkZjh vtquZ o ;ksxh Hkxoku f'ko vkfn dh rjg os'k cnydj ekr`o's k kkj.k djds jk"Vj{kk gsrq Lo;a dh j{kk
dh gSA dqN yksx vKku ds dkj.k ;fn ekrkvksa dh os"kHkw"kk dks ;k ekrkvks&a cguksa dks vieku dh n`f"V ls ns[krs gSa rks ;s
mudk viuk nks"k gSA ohj] ;ksk] kfUrdkjh] f"k] eqfu o nsork vkfn lHkh ek ls gh mRiUu gq, gSA
23- ;s bruk cM+k iki bUgksus D;ksa fd;k\ & bu Hkz"V] csbeZ ku] vlqjksa ds thou dk ,dek=k y{; lkk o lEifk gSA bl
vkUnksyu ls bu nksuksa ij gh tc budksa [krjk utj vkus yxk vkSj budks yxk fd dkysku dks jk"Vh; lEifk o jk"Vnkz gs
dk vijkk ?kksf"kr djus ls Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa ds ku o thou nksuksa gh lekIr gks tk;sxa s rks bUgksuas ,d jk"VHkDr ifo=k lar dks
lekIr djus dk "kM~;U=k jp fn;kA vki Lo;a fu.kZ; dhft, fd D;k dkysku dks jk"Vh; lEifk ?kksf"kr djus dh o Hkz"Vkpkj
dks feVkus dh vkokt mBkuk vkSj i{kikr o vU;k;iw.kZ uhfr;ks]a O;oLFkkvksa ,oa dkuwuksa ds cnyus dh ckr djuk D;k xqukg]
iki ;k vijkk gS\ gekjk bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd nsoklqj laxkz e esa la?k"kZ o ckakk,a rks vo';aHkkoh gS]a ij fot; lR; dh
gh gksrh gSA ns'k dh turk Hkz"V ljdkjksa ds lkeus cscl rks t:j gS ij o[r vkus ij r[r Hkh ;gh cnyrh gSA
ije iwT; Lokeh th egkjkt th ds Hkkjr LokfHkeku ij izfrfnu ds u;s fopkj tkuus] ;ksx lans'k] thou&n'kZu
O;oLFkk ifjorZu] vfXu i=k i<+us ds fy, ns[ksa gekjh fgUnh osc&lkbZV www.bharatswabhimantrut.org. vfHk;ku
ls tqM+us o ubZ tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy, 02233081122 ij fel dkWy djsaA
1- fo'ks"k uksV % bl i=kd dks i<+us ds ckn dkys/u o Hkz"Vkpkj feVkus ds gekjs vkanksyu ls tqM+s lHkh iz'uksa] ftKklkvksa
o 'kadkvksa dk lek/ku gksxk rFkk tks yksx vKkuo'k ekSu] mnklhu vFkok fojks/ dj jgs gSa bl i=kd dks i<+us ds ckn
os Hkh bl vkUnksyu ds izcy leFkZd cus fcuk ugh jg ldsaxsA
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