Черненко - Высшая математика в примерах изадачах - 2

. .
- 2003
517 (07)
22.11
-49
:
. , - ,
- ,
. . , -

-49
. .
:
. 3 .: . 2. .: , 2003. 477 : .
ISBN 5-7325-0766-3 .
ISBN 5-7325-0768- . 2

, , , ,
, , ,
,
,
, .
517(07)
22.11
ISBN 5-7325-0766-3 .
ISBN 5-7325-0768- . 2
. . , 2003
13
13.1. . .

13.2.

8
13.3.
19
13.4.
22
13.5.
25
13.6.
29
13.7.
33
13.8. .... 36
13.9.
38
13.10.
44
13.11.
46
14
... 51
14.1. .

14.2.
14.3.
14.4. .

14.5. .

14.6.
14.7. 1- ,

54
58
63
70
74
77
14.8. ,
14.9. ,

14.10.

14.11.

14.12.
14.13. , ....
14.14.

14.15.
15

15.1.
15.2.
15.3.
15.4.
15.5.
82
85
93
97
116
118
148
166
173
2/
183
.. 189

192

196
16
,

16.1.
16.2. .

16.3.

16.4.
16.5.
16.6.
16.7.
16.8.
199
210
218
227
233
244
252
262
16.9.
.
16.10.

16.11.
16.12.

17

17.1.
17.2.
17.3.
17.4.
17.5.
280
299
305
311
.
314
. .... 320
2-
328

331
18

18.1.
18.2.
18.3.
18.4.
18.5.
18.6.
18.7.
273
19

19.1. ,

19.2.
19.3.

353
363
367
374
380
389
398
403
409
415
20

20.1.
.
20.2.

20.3.
20.4.
20.5.

20.6.

20.7. -
20.8.
423
425
429
430
456
460
466
474
477
13
13.1. . .

1.
^-, +^3 +... + +... = ^ ^ ^ ,
(1)
^2, --'^ci^, ...

. ^ .
2^.
iS^ = ^j + 2 "^ "^ ^*
, -^^ .
5'^ = 5 .
lim S^ , .
3.
lima^ =. lima^ ;^0,
.
1.1. , ,. 2-
^
1 1 1 1
: )2, / ^, ) 2."7=7=7' ^) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " * ' 2 ' " ^ -
13
, ) > :
,
.
) -^
lim .
= lim .
= 1,
V "
, (.
).
)

1
2'
1 1 1
5' S' '
^ 1
t r (3/1-1)2 '
lim
- = 0.
^^-^-(3^-1)

, ,
,
.
13.2.

1. . ,
f{x),
X = 1 (1), - = 2

. . (1)
,

^f{x)dx.
(2)

.

,
(2).
2. .

/1=1
^,,+6+^>+- = -
(4)
/1=1
(3)
(4), . . ^^ < ^^ { = 1,2,3,...),
(4) (3), (3)
(4).

<,(^0),
(5)
/1=0
|^| < 1 |^| > 1,

(6)
10
13
1
^
..'
ZZn
> 1 , < 1 .
(7)
3^. .
(3) (4). lim~^ = ,
.
4^. . flf,,>
lim ^^ = , (1) , 7^ < 1, , ^ > 1.
, * = 1,

.
5. .
lim " - = D,
D < 1 (1) , D > I . D = 1

. ,
,
.
6^. .
^1
lim
y^n^l
= R,
/-J
R > 1 (1) , R < 1 .

V 1
7^. , 2^ .
lim ^
,,^
+\
V
"
,^^, = , '>0(1)
, " < .
11
8. .
d^
lim In
= 5,
*+1
> 1 (1) , < \ .

9. . f(^x) = a^ lim ^'- = , < 1 (1) .v^~ / ( )
, >\ .
^
(), ([)>0.
,
, ({).
10. . (1)
- ^ iL_ = ^ + + 7, ,^1 , ^^
^.+1
^+1
^^
^"
\0\< L; , > 1,
/>1, , < 1 < 1, = 1.
1
2.1. : ) ^
=\ (3^-1)''
1
1
1
1
1
1
)
+
+
;
)
:
7
+
+
+.
1 + 1' 1 + 2' 1 + 3-^
' "' 212 31 414
, )
/(^) =
Y ^ -
dx
1,.
1
=
lim3^^~-1
(-1)-
= lim
3^-^~> 3 ) 8 - 1
1
2
6'
12
13
, ,
.
)
1
1
1
1
-+
- +
- + ... +
- + .
1 + 1' 1 + 2' 1 + 3'
1 + ^'
1
f\x) =
^ dx _
j ; J . 2 " I ^^^8 ^\
l + X'
J1+
~*
7'
, ,
.
)
1
1
212^31

I
^
1
^ \
1
414
= limlnlnx:

.
,
.
2.2. : ) 2j 1/
>
=1 /-
(2' 1 M V
) - B ) - + i
:'
5 2 v5y
v5y
...; ) Tt2n
I 1+ 5
n=l
, a)
1
1
, = -. =-
13
^ ^ - 3 < ifn,
> -7=.
/-
yjn

,
.
) .
1<, 1
1
, .
In ;7 >
,
)
2 1/oV
- + 5 2 v5y
=s12\
" [ 5
=1

, ^ = < 1.
,

, .. . ,
.
)
(\
1 1
- +- +- +.
1^4 5 6
+3
=Y-
tl'2( + 3)
'in
.
1+ - + 2 3

,
.

14
13
. ~/
vT^^î
'
^
2( + 3) 2/1 + 5
,
, .
^
1
2.3. : ) 2^:j\
=1 (2~1)
^
1
^ 2-
,=, 2 -
t:;'A2(n + l)
, )
V 7.
lim
- = lim -
'(-1)'
,
.
)
2^7- , /1=1 2

,.
,.
\1
,
lim
= lim
= 1.
^^"" -
''->-22-1
,
,
.
)

.
(2-3)
,. ^~~
1^

, .
2.4. : ) 2^
/1=1
6)
2-1
3,2 ^^^
2 + 1^
, ) .
/1=1
,.
/2 + l Y .. ,2 + 1 .. ^ ^ ^
1 ^
bmW ~
=lim~
- = lim
L.= =:.
/woo^^2^-lj
"-^~ 2,2-1 """""- ^
< 1, .
^
)
lim1
' 3,2 Y
,.
3,2
,.
3
3
=lim
= lim
- = .
2n + l J ->-2,2 + 1 "-'2+
^
,2
1, .
2.5. : )
^ .
^1"'
tir{2n+\y
-' .
1 ^ 5
59-(4,2~3)
^ ( - 1 ) ! ' ^^ 2'^2.4.6^'""^2-4.6-8-(4-4)(4,2~2)*
, ) .
, ,2 + 1
, .1
"-^~
, 3''^'2" (2/1 + 1)
"^"2"^'(2/1 + 3)3"
3 , . 2 + 1 3
2''^~2 + 3 2
13
16
1, .
) : ^^^ =
(w-fl)!
{nîy
limD=^
l -i m^..i-.^(^^0'z!:-.^
- ^ = lim-
(^-^^
,.
= lim-
/) < 1, ,
.
\~\
) : ^ =
--, ^^^ = . -
,. 2" (-1)! ,. 2 ^
lim
-:; = lini = ; Z)< 1 .
1-5-9--(4? + 1)
) , , ..., = 2 . 4 . 6 . . . 4 . ( 4 . + 2)*
lim-^^ = lim-7-7: = ? ^ < 1.
^ ^'-4{4 + 2)
, .
2.6.
^
{2-1)\\
1
/^ ,. ^
(2)!! 2 + 1
. . ^_^^
: ^+,
lim
{2 + \)\\
(27 + 2 ) ! ! ( 2 ^ + 3 )
\2 + 2){2 + 3)
{2 + \
;
,. ^(6/1 + 5) 3
= lim^
- = -.
" - - ( 2 ^ + 1)
i? > 1, , .
17
(2-1)! 1
2.7. 2^
t f (2 + 1)!2
. .
^ - , , V
=1
.
lim
(2-1)!(2 + 3)!(2 + 2)
- ( + 1)
(2 + 1)!2(2 + 1)!
= lim
(2+3)( + 1)
2 + 1
-( + !)
> , , .
2.8.
1 "
2^~^~
]\
/7 + 1
1 { + \)
. ^^, = ( + 1)! "^' '
.

lim In
\" ( + lf'
= lim In
-1 -1
-limine = -.
1+
5 < 1, .
1
=2 Inn In Inn
2.9. ^
18
13
. 1
. / ( ^ ) = ' ;
: In JC In X
,. xlnjclnlnxe"" ,. , ,
lim
= lim In In X = oo.
^->~ e"" In e" In In e"" ^->~
> 1, .
2.10. :
.^
(27~1)!!
) 1 + - 4 + -^+...
2 2-4
(2^2)!!
rt!y(7+l)...(y
+ -l)
, )

In
+1
2-1
{
\
1 V
In
11-2
In
, 1/2
\-1{1
_1
1/4
f - , ^ - " < ^
.
)
11
( 1 + . 1 + ^

19
' , = ,-.-L;
1+
" , + -<='
' = ! - + .''' '

1+1
^- = 1 + -^
! + '
+ -7-.
0^ - Of- jS >

--.
13.3.

1,

=1
(1) ,
,
(1)
, (3),
, .
. (2) ,
>
, . . lini ^ = 0.
20
13
(1), (2)
.
.
, R^
R^ =S-S^ =(~l)"t/î+(-l)''"' w+2+---

|^;,|<w^j.
.
3.1. : ) 1
) 2.^'^
=\
) 1 ) 2 - ;
=1
+...
5 7
) 1(-1) .
=2
f^
, ) . ^
/1+1
: ^ _)
= i _ i _ _
"2/7-1
.
, lii^
7 ~ ^' ,
.
,
,
i:^=i,in,zl)=iiin(2.-i
,2JC-1
1
2P-^-i
2x-\
2P---
'
= -limln(2j8-l) = oo
1 2->- ^
^
li
, ,
. ,
.
) .
,. sinan ^
lim ' = , , , ..
. ,
^
^
^ Isinawl
2^ '
7_
],-, , .
,
^\
|sina| 1
- "
. ,
.
)
> (-1) 2 =
+-+
...
^,
2 4 8 16
, .
, -
I-
^^ ^
lim
;
= - , D< I.
n^-l''^' 2
, ,
) .
lim
= lim = . ,
.

,
I
2
/3
1^
dx = lim I Inx (ilnx = lim In^ jc = limfln^ -In^ 2) = oo.

2
I2
, , .
, .
3.2. 1
...
2! 4! 6! 8!
0,01.
.
-
22
13
0,01. =
<
, 6! 720 100
,
1
+ = 1 + = 0,541.
2! 4!
2 24

+
+...
J
J
6! 8! 10!
7, ~ ^^7v , 1
720
13.4.
1.
^,,:'' =^0 +ajjc^ -\-^^ -^" -.,,^
(1)
(2Q, flp ^2, 35 ,

.
- ^^

X^(^~ô)"=ô+î(^-^ô) + ^ 2 ( ^ - ^ o ) ' + - .
(2)
.
2^. R /7^<)wjrayv/ (1),
|:| < R \\ > R.
(1)
R = \im\ .^
\
(3)
(-/?, R)
. (2)
23
|X-XQ[ < /? = ^
; |X-XQ| > i? .
3. (1), (2)
,
X =0 (1) = ^ (2),
, .

, ,
.
X,
(D = 1), ,
.
5 1
^ (n + lY "
4.1. : ) ^
2 + 1
=0
^"
^ ^ "
5
2+1
/1=1
) 1 ^
'
, ) :
{n + \fx-\
=: ^;
2 + 1
(n + lfx'"''
a^^ =
"'
2 + 3
2+2'
lim
+1
= lim', ^ ' ^-^

f=
,
,
,
,
,
.
''-^- |jc'"| {2 + 3){ + 1),
, 1; ^ < 1,
-1 < : < 1. .
|.v| > 1 . = 1 .
^>. .
X = - 1 , vÔ^
> + 1) , tTo 2 + 1
, ..
13
24
lim-^^
^ = 00. = 1
, ,
-1 < : < 1.
)
_{-1"
(-1)"
+1 =
,+\
/2 + 1
"''
lim +\ =
=\\
" -^\
, || < 1; -1 < : < 1. .
rt-i
~ (-1)
X = 1 ^--,

lim = 0. = -1
, -
. ,
-1 < < 1.
)
"+1
i" . - 2
.=^=^^
+1
2/1+2
3"^'( + 2)/^2'
lim +\ = hm-^^
,
=.
.
3 ''-^~( + 2)/ + 2 3
-/ < : < /.
(-1)"
X = 7 ^

; ^ ( + 1)/'
25
= 0. , -
- ^ < < / .
)
lim
*W+1
= lim^
^ J
\-1-^{^\\
= 0<1.
,
- < < ^ .
)
+1
lim
*n+i
= lim
{-"
-31 .
( + 1)5"^'(-3)"
i-lim-
\-\
+1
|-3|
Y111 < \ -5 < - 3 < 5,
5
-2 < : < 8.
. = 8
(-1)"
1
. = -2 ,

=1
1
lim = 0. , -2 < < 8.
13.5*
1".
(1)
=1
^(), aîx), ^{), ... ,

.
26
13

, (1) .
,
D = 1
.
2. . 5'(x) = limS ()
(1), R^ () = 5'()-5',^ ()
. (1) [, 6],
> , N, >
X
(1)
[, ],
^ ^ , |^()|<^ <<
( ).
""'
aj(x), ^(), ^{),...
(1)
, /() .
, ,
.
5.1. : ) ^ ( - 1 ) " ^ ^ '
=\
) S2''sin:^;
) lg(x-4)+lg^(x-4)+...+lg"(x-4) + ...
, ) ,
V
/1=1 '^
Z^~- > ;
~'
= In X > 1, ,
.
27
+1 1
X = , (~~0 ~
. I < < ?; < In . < 1
,
,
. 0 < : < 1 ; 1 : < 0
, .. -
^^'^'"^^
'^' , > -
, 1 < ' < ^ , < X < 1 ,

)
) = lim .+1 = lim
2"^' sin
2" sin
"-"'
X
+ 1 OAl
= 2Iim
-sin
.
n+1
X
IT s i n
D 1 ,
- < X < .
) Ig { - 4)
X - 4 > , 4 < < .
q =\g{x-4).
1^1 < 1, |lg ( - 4)| < 1 -1 < Ig ( - 4) < 1.
I g < l g ( ^ - 4 ) < l g l 0 < - 4 < 1 0 , 4,1<<14.
,
XG ]4,1;14[, ]4;[.
5.2. , (""^)"^
[, 1).
|)| < 0,1?
. ,
V .
28
D = lim
13
""''

[, 1) 1, ,
[, 1) .
^ \+\ X
( ~ j
^ > [, 1)
/2
.

, . . \)\<^^,{).
\{)\<
<
71 + 1
7^0,1;
! +1 > 10; >9 [, 1).

1
5.3. , 2^
^2""'/72
< < .
0,001 > 0.
. >

i
1 + - + + ... +
+ ...,
2 4
2"-'
,
< < . ,
, . .
ly
{^)<
1-i
1 < 0,001.
>-1
2^"^ > 1000

AI = 11.
29
5.4. ^ 7
^*
.
1
q - j- < 1.
l + x'
' = 1 +
/ () =
S^p:).

'-^'
5 =-
1 Y""^
1 + '
, 2
1 + "
R^ (^) = | / (^')~ ^;, (^)| =
X > N,
,
. , ,
\f{x)-S^ ()| > -> 0. .
13.6.

1.
^=^1+^2+^3+- + ^+--
(1)
/1=1
^^^-^ bj ; ^,^
; f- = - 1 .
30
13
,
^ ^ ]^6^,

E^=S^+^X^/7=1
/1 = 1
(2)
= \
(1) ,
,
/2=1
/J=l

, ,
,
.
.
2.

2;c-^=Co + c,z + c , z 4 c 3 z 4 . . . ,
(3)
/1=0
z^x + iy ; ^^^- ib^

.
z z - z^

2^Co(z-Zo)"=Co+c,(z-Zo) + C2(z-Zo)4...,
(4)
/1=0

. ZQ =^+1^.

,

(3) z - z^ (4).
31
R
(3), \z\ < R. (4) \z - ZQ\ < R.
; |2:| > i? |^ - ^QI ^ ^ !
. , ,
, .
n{2-\-iy
6.1. : ) 2L"
)
-i
+\ '
;2(2-/) + 1
(3~2/)-3/
, )
lim
=\
"+1
Km
( + 1)(2 + / 2
|2 + /1
'hm
/1 + 1
^|2 + /|^V4HhT_V5 ^
"" 2
"
"" 2 ^ '
1, .
) (2) X
T^^ZJ
-
^ + 1 =0^^ + !
,
, , .
)

-1
(-1)" . ..V
t ; ' A 2 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t! 2n
t!

. ,
(-1)"
2/7-1
= Sr., ,
13
32
n(2-i) + l
n{3-2i)-3i
= lim
1-i
(2-/)(3 + 2/)
8+/
3~2i
|(3-2/)(3 + 2/)|
13
limWcJ = limi
2 + 1-
3-(2+3)/
'l3
1, .
(z-li)"
6.2. : ) 2^ i"z"; ) 2^=0
=1
"
) |;(!-f/)z-; ) ^ ^ ^ . -
^(2-1)!
, )
lim
= lim
n+l +1
I
Z
i"z"
\z\.

\z\< 1. , . . |z| > 1, .
, .. 2^^
=0
.
)
+1
{z-2iy^n3
lim
{n + l)y^'{z-2iy
-2/1
^lim-
U-2/1
' + 1
, |z-2z|<3,
IZ - 2z I > 3 .
12-2/1=3 ,
X
)
33
lim
((n + l)!+/)z''^^
(n!+/)z'"
= z lim
n!(n + l) + /
!+/

i? = (0,0).
)
,2+2 ,
lim
(^/ + 1 ) ! ( 1 - Z ) Z ^ ^ " ^ ( 2 A Z - 1 ) !
(2/2 + l)!!(l~/)z'
( + 1)(2-1)!
"-^~(2-1)!2(2 + 1)
i? = >
.
13.
V.
]=,+2++...
(1)
/1=1
^"=+^2+*3+-
(2)
=\
()
| ; ( 6 ) = (,0 + ( , 6 , ) + (^>) + ...
(3)
=1
(1), (2) , ().

2. (1),(2)
2^=1+2++... + +.
=1
^-^,
= ^,Z?3 + ^ 2 ^ 2 "'" ^3^1 >
<: =,Z?+flfA-..
^,t/ ^ " 2 ^ +... + ;,,.
(4)
34
13
(1), (2) , (4)

(1)(2).
3. S
S^ (1) W > 5 = lim 5^.
(1) ,
^. + ^.1 + ^. +... = 5 - 5 , = /
,
^
^ 1 +
(5)
(-!)"-
7.1. > 2^-^

/
. -
. (3)
/1=1
/1=1
=\
=1

L_ < .
L
7.2. X ~" ^ S
^ -
.
. (3)
hn
tr2-l"tr42/i-l)"tfn(2n~l)'
,.
{-\)
lijYi-^^
' = .
"-^-w (2/2-1) 2
V
7.3. ^ = ^ - ^ .
?
/1=1 ^
=1 ''
35
.
2^
>
" ^ " ^ ^ 3 / 2 "^^3/2 ^'
= 1 + - + + ..
tr3"-^
(4),
1
+ - + - 3/2 +
3
+ -|3/2
-2
1 1
3 3'
1 ^
3/2 - + ^ 3 / 2
+ ...+
- +3
2
-j3/2 <^-
+ ... + -. 3 / 2 + ...
2 3
3 3

^
1 I
1
1
1 + - + - + ... + -,-1 + . + -,3/2 1+..... -2 + ... +

3
V
V
/
+- .3/2 1 + - + . . . +
3
'^-'
+ ... + .
1
.
,
' 1 1
\
\

1 + - ^ + - ^ + ... + -37 + --- .
2
3
I
,
.
7.4. ,
, 1 1
1 + - 7 + - + - + - + -
2' 3'
'
.
.
1
1
1
R =
-+-+.
{n + iy {n-îy
{ +
36
13
,
1
1
+
-+( + 1)' (^ + 2)' - + ...>(^ + 1)(^ + 2) (^
1 ^
- + 2
, R >
+ 2)(1 + 3 )
+ ...:
+ ... =
+2
+3
+1
R <
+
" { + 1) { + 1){ + 2)
^1
1 W
1
I \
1
+
+
...
2 + 1
+ \ /2 + 2
, , ,
< ;? < _,
7.5. 2^~
^-^/
1\ , -
=1 i^^'^ + i j ^
0,001?
.
-\
(2 + 3)5"
2+
<
-+1
-<0,001.
5"^' > 500

- .
13.8.

1.
\,\ -
37
[-/?,/?], . .
|ao<i:c + a,J ^-.,\
x''Jx + ... = ^ I x'dx-2^
2.
,

.
=\
8.1. : )
V h... +
+ ...;
3 7
-\
) l - ~ 3 x 4 5 x ' - . . . + ( - i y " ' ( 2 ^ - l ) j c ' " - 4 . . .
, ) ,
\-'
, || < 1.
, ' ' ''
'-'
+1 1
+ + + ... +
+ ... = -1 1- arctgx.
3 7
4-1
4
) ,
;,_;,3^^5_^^^^^_jy-1^2.-l^^^^^.
1 + '
, || < 1.
,

-\ / ^
^\
9_7
(1 + ^)
38
13
13.9.
1.
limiS^^x),
/(), / () + /2(^) + ... + () + ... = / ( ) .
f{x) ,
/()=;()+/()+...+/()+...
f{x) fi{x).
fi{x) , ,
/ ( ) .
2.
: .
(-^^)
f(x) = f{x)+îx-x)+J^{x-x,f
/ () ,
i?^ () -^ W > CXD. (1)
=^^^^*"'[^+(^-^)]; (<<1),
(3)
(2)
) = ^/"\).
\
(4)
39
(1)
-^, (2)
= 0.
3.
,
X
"
II. s i n X = X - ^ + ^ - . . . + ( - i y ^ l ^ + ...
(-<.<),
III.COSX = l - | ^ + ^ - . . . + ( - l ) " ^ + ...
(-<<),
/1 1 "^ (-\) ,
(-\)...(- + 1)
IV. (1 + ) =1 + + ^^
^-+...+^^
^^
^-"+...
^
^
1!
2!
\
(-1<<1),
1
V. 1
= 1 + + -+... + "+...
(-1<<1),
1-
^
''
VI. 1(1 + ) = - + - . . . + ( - 1 ' + . . . ( - 1 < < 1 ) ,
2
3
X X
/
\1 X
\. arctgx = x-^+-... + {-{)"+...(-1<<1),
3 5
^ ^ 2-1
^
^
\'
\'
(2-1)!!
'"^'
1 ' 1 3 '
(2-1)!! jc^"^'
VIII. arcsinx = x +
+
+ ... + --^
+...
2 3 24 5
{2)\\ 1 + \
(-1<<1),
IX.
Shx = X+
'
3!
'
5!
1-... + -
^"*'
~ + ...
(2 + 1)!
(-<<),
''
X. chx = l + + + ... + - - + ...

- < : < ).
2! 4!
(2)!
^
'
,
, -
40
13
, .
9.1. : ) tg ;
) ^''^''\ ) " -1^ -' ^-\ + 1.
, )

x=
/ W = tgx;
/(0) = 0,
/'W=-^;
/'()=1,
COS X
^ ^
2sinx.
COS X
^,
^ ^
cos'.-b3sin'..
COS X
rlV (
4_Q2sinXCOS^X + 3sin^X
\^)-^
rW (c^\
COS X
cos^x(2 + 3sm^x) + 5sin^ xfS-cos^x)
() = 8
^~
v^j==^'
, ,
1- (0) = 16.
COS X
(2),
^ 2^
/ ( ) = - + - +...
)
X =
/() = - ;
/ ( 0 ) = ,
/ ' ( x ) = -e^"sinx;
/ ' ( 0 ) = 0,
f"{x)
/"() = -,
= (sin' x-cosx)e^";
/ " ' ( ) = -82:(3 + 08)'=";
/'"(0) = 0,
41
/^^(jc)= 3cos2x+cosx-9cosxsin^jcsin^2jc e"'"'''; /^^(0) = 4^,

(2),
/W='
) = -1
/ ' ( ) = 5 8 ' - 2 + 1;
/"() = 2024'-2;
/"(-!) = 2.
/ ' " ( ) = 6048;
/'"(-!) = 12,
/ " ' ( ) = 120 + 48;
( - 1 ) = -72,
/ ) = 120.
() = 120;
(1),
/ ( x ) = (x + l ) 4 2 ( j c + l ) ' - 3 ( x + l ) 4 ( j c + l)'.
9.2. =
: ) "'' ; ) cos^x; ) sin^xcos^x; ) In
;) -7=
\-
/114-
) (arcsinx)^; ) arctgvx; ) ch^x.

, ) (I) - ^,
2
In
-4

1!
2!
^ ^
- + ...
) (III)
cos^ = (1 + cos 2)
cos 2 (III) 2
42
13
1
1
COS = +
2!
2V
= 1- ix'
2!
(2)! + .
4!
3 4
: - . . . + (-1)2 2-.^2 + . . .
(2)!
4!
)
sinÂ:cos^x = -sin^2x = - ( l - c o s 4 x ) . cos4x 4
8
(III) ,
2
2
sin XCOS =
1 1
4^ ^
4"
2!
4!
8V
2x2 2 5
2!
{1)\- + ..
/^4w-3 ,^2
+ ...4-(-1)"
4!
(2)! -+...
) In 1 + 1(1 + :)-1(1-).
1-
(VI),
- :
2 3
(VI),
/
'
lni^ = 2 + + ... +
1-
'^-'
V
3
2~1
)
_1
(1 + ) 2. IV,
1
=
43
(,
{\+)~
(2-1)!"
^ '
2"\ +...
\ 1 3 ' 1 3 5 :'
21! 2 2 2 ! 2 2 2 3 !
\'
' \--5'
, ,(2-1)!!''
- + ...
+
+ ... + (-1) -i
'2 1! 2' 2!
2' 3!
^ '
\
)
arcsinxarcsinx (VIII)
=
1 '
1 3 '
, -.
Y
I ' 1 3 '
( arcsm X) = +
+
+ ... I +
+
+ ...
V
2 3 245
I
2 3 2 4 5
(7.2 j ,
1'
1'
( 2 - 2 ) ! 2
(arcsinx) -^V
+ ... + - ,
+ ...
^
^
3 2 353
{1-\)\\
) (VII) /,
arctgVx = '
-1
... + (-1)'
)
ch =
{ J^
^'^-^
^-.:
^ -
+3
= (ch3x + 3chx).

X,
ch =:
()'
()'
2!
4!
()'"
(2)! + ...+
V
+3 1 + + + ... + -
{2) + ...
V
,
2!
4!
44
ch^jc
13
= ! + ->.^-.^
(2^)!
4tr
13.10.

.
10.1. /,
. .
. (IV),
/125 + 5 = 5 1 +
25
^ - 5
_
1
jc = ,
25
11
111
Vl30=5 1 + - - 3 25 3 3 625
1
Vl30 = 5 - ^ .
,

, . .
0,0002.
10.2. cos 18 0,001.
?
.
(III),

-... = 1-0,0493+0,0004-.
cosl8 =cos = 1
+
10
100-2! 10000-4!
45

cos 18 =0,951, ..
0,001.
10.3. In 1,1 0,0001.
. In (1 + 0,1)
(VI), 0,1
,(,+o,i)=o,i-:i+5i551-;Ml+...
^
^
2
3
4
, ..
,
In (1+0,1) = 0,0953.
10.4. Ig 5 0,001.
.
lg =
.
In 10
1 + JC
In
(9.2,):
^ ^ '
^"
^
In
= 21-1 + + + . . . +
+ ...
1-
^^ 3
5
1-\
J
1 + '
1
1+ _
2+1 _ " + 1
=
, ";
2 + 1
^-
J
L_
2+1
, 1 1
I I
In
= 1( + 1)-1 =
2 + 1
3(2 + 1)' 5(2 + 1)'
= \, In 2
, 2 11 1 1
^
12 = - 1 + + - + . . . \.
\
3 9 59'
)
, In 2
. ,
46
13
,
(
11
11
11
1 1
1
<
=3-7-9' 1 + - + + ...
7 9^ 9 9' 119^
)
9 9'
1
1
<
12-7-9' 1000
In 2 = 0,693. = 4,
/, 1 1
11
15 = 212 + - 1 + - + - + ... = 1,609.
3 9' 5 9'
In 2 In 5,
1,609
= 0,699.
In 10 = In 2 +In 5 = 2,302. , IgS^
2,302
13.11.

,
.
s i n JC
11.1. : ) J
dx;
^ f^"^ ^
rarctgx^
, rln(l + x)
) J cix; ) J -^dx; ) J ^
-ax X
^
^
.
, ) sin ,
1
4^
= +
... + (-1) 7
+ - \dx =
^ ^ (2 + 1)!
J
+
3!
5!
3-3! 5-5!
- \
^ ^ (2 + 1)(2 + 1)! + .
+ ( - 1 ) 7
^7
47

'"^'(2/1 + 1)(2 + 1)!
lim
'(2^-)(2 + 3)!^"^^
2AZ + 1
X lim-
--(2^ + 3)'(2.2+ 2)
:0.
, - < < .
) ^' ,
\
^1 , X
'-'
- - + ... + - -+...
- + 1 + + ... +
+ .. / = 4- In 1x1 + X +2-2!
'\
)
2!
\

lim
''^''\
( + 1)( + 1)!'
= X lim- = 0.
"-^-(^ + 1)
= ,
(-^ < <
0<<).
) arctg
,
Xf
1-\
-\ X
-+... \dx-
1-\
- + ---... + (-1)
3' 5^
^ ^
lim
-1 < < 1.
+ ...
(2/2-1)'
x^^'^'iln-X)
(2/7 + 1)''^-'
- " -
.
X = 1 ^
^, = -1 ^
2
=\ (2/1-2)
tf(2/2-l)
'
48
13
. ,
(-1 < jc < 1).
) In(l-l-x)
X,
(
-\
: =
= -
X X
\-\ X
- + - - - + (-1)
lim
/I>
(-1 < < 1).
- + -
^^'
= \\ -
(+1)
. = 1
.-J,
= -1 Zw~T*
, ,
, , .
, (-1 < jc < 1).
11.2. : ) J 7=:^ dlx 0,001;
1/4
"
) J (l + ^ )^: 0,0001.
, )
,
'"2'"'
11-5!
'"
3!
2'"'
+
15-7!
'"
'"'
5!
7!
>
2"'
+., =
/
Ix'"
7-3!
2
2
+ ... = 0,621.
+7-3! 11-5! 15-7!
49

, ..

0,00002 , , 0,001.
) ,
\1(
1/4
1
'-^^
1 + 1^3 __ 2 2 ^ 6 ^ dx=x^--2-4
2!
J
V 2
1
1
= +
4 2-4-4'
2'-7-2!
- + ... = 0,2505.
2'-7-2!4'
,
0,000001, ,

.
11.3. ,
1/4
: ) 1 ""^ dx ; ) J xârctg xdx 0
.
, ) ,

1/4
4
2
2!
dx-
3
X
5
^
1/4
52!^
1
1
1
0,24489.
-+4 3-4' 10-4'

0,0000014,
0,00001.
50
13
) ,
,
3
3 i
4^
.,6 \
\dx-
21
3-5
3-21
0,012.
0.00016,
0,001.
14

14.1.
.

1.

,
. .
. ,
,
,
,
j^^ : \'\...,^"\
. .
-
F(x,y,/,y",.../"^)
= 0,
(1)
F ;
; , .
52
14

, ,
, ,

1-
(2)
FXx,y,,y^,..,,y,^,y[,y[,.,y[)
= 0.
2.
, .
(1) - ,
/1- .
.
,
, . . ,
( ) .
3.
F ( x , j ; , y ) = 0.
(3)
y=f{x,y).
(4)
(4)
.
. y=f{x,y)
f{x,y)
- ^ ^
D ,
(XQ, ), -
53
= 9^(), : -^ = ^.
,
= ({),
(xQ^y^).
4.

= ({,),
(5)

.

, .

.
,
dy
^
(6)
;'=-.
(7)
(. 14.1).
. 14.1
54
14
5. ,
,
() .

, ;; -^
X - XQ, .
(6)
^ - 1 XQ = 2 .
(7) , 1 = ,
-1.
y = f,
(8)
^ - 2;
6. ,
. ,

, ^.
.

,
, .
14.2.
1.
P{x)dx^Q{y)dy^^,
(1)
dx ,
dy . .
55

,
\p{x)dx-\Q{y)dy^C.
(2)
2.
P{x,y)dx^Q{x,y)dy^^
(3)
,
P^^Q ,

p{x\p{y)dx^q{x\q{y)dy^^,
(4)
q {){)

^ . . . l M ^ , = 0.
^W
\)
(5)
,
,

^ W ^ ,^ \
f^W J
CPV4,
(6)
^ q{x)
^ {)
3. ,
.
y=f{ax
+ by + c),
(7)

= + + ,
.
2.1. xdx + ydy = 0.
.
, ,
56
14
2
X2
= Co x ' + / = 2 C o = C ^ = C ^
, ,

2.2. :
) i^în^ydx + cos^X oX^dy ~0\ ) ^ = \\ )
--^.
, ) cos^ xsin^ ,
COS^X
sm"y
J nf\^
ctgy
sm
'CI
tg^x-ctgV = C
dy.
6) -^smx=^
ylny dx

dy
dx
In sin X
, , Cj =1||,
din
= 1 tg: +
\
11 = 1 tg: + I11C.
1|1;| = 1 C t g : ,
In j^ = t g ^ J^ = ^
^.
)
dy
2
dy
dx
X dx
= - ^
= .
^ -
X
57
dy
J^(y~lj
dy
dx
'^
'' J^~l
,11,1
. 1 , 1 1 ^
,=1, In
= 1|| + 1.
= .
2.3. y\gpc + j ; = , : = 1 = .
. =
In \\ = - In Isin | + In IcL
In \\ = In
dx
sinx
= -
smx
smx
. :
sin
= I. = cosec .
2
2.4. : ) / = - + 1; ) y=cos[x+y).
, ) =- + 1; ' = 1-\

1 ,
du
1- = = 1-.
dx
du
= -dx: In w - 1 = - + In
I
x = ln
; w - 1 = Ce
w-1
, "" =-.
= -~\
e =
58
14
) ^ + ^ =\ + \

/
du
-\-cosw;
= cosw +1.
dx

du
dx\ f
= ^; t g - = jc + C.
C0SW + 1
' J COS,u
tg
^2
= x+C.
14.3.

p .
P{x,y)dx^Q{x,y)dy
=Q
(1)
, 2
X , ( ).
F{x, ) ,
F{âx,ay) = a!^Fi^x,y), q .

^^
(2)
\)
-
X - , ,
.
2. , .

by -
/ = /
(3)
^-\-^-\-^
=(
=(
59

--^^\
y-v-Vy^^ ^ -ap^Q. ^,^
+ 6v + = ,jc + b^y + , =0.
ab^-ajD = Q,
= + -\-.
3. xndx
, , dy ,

= '
(4)

. , ,

.
/
3.1. : ) cos = j;cos

;
X
) =
-; ) (x^+xy+y^)dx = x^dy; ) xdy-ydx = ^x^+y^^dx,
dy +
^
'
7 = 0 X = 1.
, )
ycos -X
1

XCOS
X
COS
X

, , .

^
,
du
, j^ = . - + .
X
dx
j ' X
60
14
du
du
1
1
X- =
dx
cos
dx
cost/
dx
cosudu=

I I
-^
sin M = - In \x\ + ,

, ,
sin + In \\ = .
) =; -- ,
dy
du -
du
-\
+ = =
,
dy +
dy + \
du
w^+1
y~r"
dy
w+1

+ 1 ,
dy
1 , / 7 \
. 1 1 ^
W
+1
,
dy
; du=-;
arctg + -ln(M +1) = -1 V +.
2
,
arctgh In
+ ln|j;| = C.
2

.'
arctg+ In iJx^+>^^ =.
) , = .
du
' = +
dx
.
.
du , 2
2
2
2 2
2^
du^
X=l+u
;
+
X ++
=
dx
dx
du
dx
I I
I I
, 1 ^ I
7 = ;
arctgw = In jc + In ; arctg = In Cx
1+ W
I I
I I
61
) dx
=
(
du
-\-dx
du
X + X ;
dx
1\ + 1?
In w + Vl + wH = ln|Cx|;
+ ]^+^ = Cx^
.
X = 1, = 0, = 1.
,
4>
+ ^^^+^ =-.
3.2. : ) {2x+3y-\)dx + [4x + 6y-5)dy = 0;
) {x-2y + 5)dx + {2x'-y + 4)dy = 0.
, )
dx,
,
2JC +
3V -1
.
4x-h6y-5
b
= '
, ,
2 6 = 3 4, = 2-\--\; -2- .
' ,
du 6
'-2
2-
dx 2w~3

jh
2-
du=dx
-6
\du = x; 2w + 91n|w-6| = jc-fC.

w-6
,
-h-
+ 2 + 31{2 + -7) = .
62
14
)
-2+5
=
2- + 4
1 2
fx-2;; + 5 = 0
^, <
2 1
[2x-j; + 4 = 0
XQ = - 1 , - 2.
= -1, y=^v-\-2, dx = du, dy- dv,
dy dv ^
= . ,
dx du
dv
u-2v
=
.
du
2u-v
dt
v-ut, v^^-t-\-u - , du
dt u-2ut
dt l-At + t^
^ + w =
=
.
du 2u-ut
du
2-t
^
2-t
, du

" ^ " ^
1 .dit^-At + l)
, ,
1 , ,
,
\-\
^ = lnwL l n U ' - 4 r + l = l n
2-* r'~4r + l
' '
2 I
I
^^ - 4r +1 = --,
/ , Q = ,
- 4 - + 1 = , V -Auv + u =.
~
, ,
{y-lf
-4{y-2){x + l) + {x + lf =
3.3. (^^ '-l)y' + 2xy^ = 0.

. , xudx
, 3,y,dy ^ = - 1 , -
63

.
^
^
,
\ du
= \ =7 +
'
X
( lU^
^^?-'
/ 2 ,\^ du
[ -11
= X dx

ludu
^
^ " +\
">
^\
X dx
\ du\
^ ^
- +
= - 2 ''
X dx J
-\
-\
,
^- -du=
uiu
dx
.
X
-)

du
dx
=
;
^
X
i l l .
1^1
ln(w" + l ) - l n W =-1 X +1 ;
~-\-\
= .
,
x V + l = Cy.
14.4
.

.
,

y+P{x)y
= Q{x),
(1)
P[x),Q{^x) .

= uv; =uv + vu
-
64
14

uv + vu + P[x)uv^Q{x)
uv + u\y'-^P{x)v\^Q{x).
v ,
D' + P(JC)U
(2)
= 0,

-\p(x)dx
v=e ^
,
U'V = Q(^X),
--
v{x)
-dx + C.
v

y = v{x)
(3)
2.
y'+P{x)y
= y"Q{x),
(4)
P[x),Q[x) , ^ ^\,
.
,
.
- uv; ' = uv + vu
.
3 , (1) Q{x)^0,
,
Q{X) = 0 .
.

= -P{x)dx;
ln\y\ = -jP{x)dx
65
+ ln\Cl
-\p{x)dx
= ^
, .
, . . ()
,
,
;^ (1),
C{x) = JQ{x)J'^^''^''dx + C.
,

>^=e-^'^'^"[|e(x)J^^^^"^4-c
(5)
.
( )
(4).
4.
,
, X .
4.1. : ) y-yctg)c=smr, ) (^+1)/+4=3,
, XI) - 0.
, ) = uv; ' = uv + uv\
UV + UV -uvctgx = ^\nx,
uv-\-u{v'-v ctg ) = sin X,
V ,
(6)
t;ctgx = 0. ,
dx
66
14
dv
= vctgxdx, v = sm . dx
(6) v,
du
.
,
^
s m x = smx du = dx: - + ,
dx
}; = ( + )sin .
3
) +^ = -^
" 1
i" 1
y = uv,
/ . /
4
3
,
( , Axv \
jc4l
1
(^
x'+lj

3
x4l
^^
dv
^ dv
4xdx
,,
/ ^ \
1
- + -^^ = 0; = J-; lnd = -21n(jc4l); v =
j.
dx ^-\
V
x^+l
' '
^
^
(x^+\)
v (7),
- ^ = 3(jc'+l);
u=3J[x^+l)dx
= x'-\-3x + C.

+
=-
(.41)'
^ = = 1, = - 4.

x43x-4
(1)
4.2. :
) ( / - 6 x ) / + 2 > ' = 0; 6) '+3 = -.
67
, ) ,
, .

dx
^
, 3
2 = - +6 X
=
.
dy
2
= uv; - uv + v'u,
,
. ,
V + VU
V+U V
2'
dv _ dy
V
3v_
3v_
;;
UV = - ,
V =
v=
'
(8)
v (8),
1 dy
1
, du=-^,
=-
=-^+.
2
2
2
,
= +
2
) .
'+ = 0. dy
,11
3dx
- ^ =
^,11
,1^1
, 1 = -31+1
X
, . .
{)
,
1 ?
(9)
_4
=-j
.
X dx
'
'""'-.'^
X dx
J
dC
dx
= \
c(x)=+q.
^ ^
'
68
14
, (9)
'
^
'
^ ''
4.3. : ) -j^ctgx = --f-;

sinx
) x V / + x / = l ; ) ( x 4 2 j ; + / ) / + 2 x = 0.
, ) .
= uv,
uv^vu-uvQX,%x--,
uv + ulv -;1) = -^^,
sin X
sin X
dv cosxdx 1 I I , I . I
=
, Inb = l n s m x , u = smx.
(10)
V
sinx
(10),
/
^"
3 - 2
sm X = W sm ,
- = sm ,
2^
= cosxH-C,,
"
=72cosx + 2Ci '
, 2Cj = ,
sinx
3^^
v2cosx + C
) ^'^
>^+->^=-^X
(11)
X j;
, .
.

/
dy
dx
/ + ^ = 0, =
X
, 1 1
I I
1^1
In V = ~ l n x + l n C L
'
'
I I
v = .
^
69
, () , . .
= -^-^.
(12)
' (11)
I ^,
^
- + = - ^ ^ .
C4C = xdx,
^ ^
_
/3 2
cW=^
3
2""^"
^^^^""'""^^' , (12), 3Cj = ,
3_
-\\^"^~
. 2 ^
) ,
.
hx =-2_y-j^ , X + = ^^.
dy
2
2
.
= uv, = uv + vu^
-
V \_
2 + 2
2uv
(13)
^^
1 I I
"2
1 J
= , In = a y , v = e^.
dy
2
' '
2 ^
(13),
du- -f 2
2 +
-
^,
2udu=-j(2y
+ y')e'dy,
'=-''.
2 ^
^^
, ^^-^^
^+'=-'.
^ ^ =\C-yê^je
^',
70
14
14.5. .

1.
P{x,y)dx + Q{x,y)dy = Q
(1)

^ =^ ,
(2)

du (, j;) = 0.
)
X
u{x,y) = ^P{x,y)dx-\-^Q{x^,y)dy
= C,
(3)
Vo
u{x,y) = ^P{x,yQ)dx-{-^Q{x,y)dy
= C,
XQ,JVO ,
^ {x^,y^) + Q^ {x^,y^)^Q.
)
d x = Pdx, d y ^ Qdy,
,
, ,
u~\Pdx^-(p[y)\
u=\Qdy^-\if{x),
(4)
({) V^(x) .

({) , , .
2. (1)
,
71
fi^jii^x.y),
,
II i^Pdx + Qdy^
()^(^)
;;

^^
11
:
) ^^ = /X (:), (5)
_
- ~^
dx
^ ^
\dx.
(6)
) /i = jU (jv), (5)
d/J. 1
dy.
(7)
= W ^ -= -I ;; J
JF
Af

(6) j ,
(7) .
5.1, : ) [ + y)dx + (2y)dy = 0;
/
dx + e' 1 =.
) -^
J
, ) ,
. ^-\-\
Q-x-2,
(2)
^da
-^+
( + 7)
(-2^;)
,
(3), , ^ = , =0
X
u=
j{x-\-y)dx-J2ydy=+xy-y^.
72
14
--^ =^.
(2) ,
.
) = - ^ ,
Q-e^
..--,
=~-^'

(4),
,
jPdx=:\
-'
\Qdy = \e'
dx =
-ye'+(p{y),
- 1 dy = -ye^ -îlf{x).
,
X, ,
-^ =.
5.2. : ) (^ by^dx-'xdy = 0;
) ixy^^-y^dx-xdy^^Q
j^(l) = l.
, ) ^^ +y\ Q = -. QB
(6),
da
1
2dx
X
,11
' '
^,11
' '
1
X

\dx~dy--Q,
1 +
X
J
73
(5)

1 +
JC 2

X
^liPdx = yi\ + ^]dx

\liQdy = -\-dy
= x--^ + (p{y),
= --^-^\i/{x),
^ X
,
, (j^) = , V
-.
X
) = ^ +,
Q = -. QB -
(7),
1|^|=-21|;;|,
/1 +
1
^ =
^
1^
X
-dy = 0.
+ -
,
(5)
'
JC +
,
(3), , ^=1, >' = 1, = 0.
74
JC + \dx- \r-dy =
14
iy
+-
^ + 2 = 3.
14.6.
1.
= ({/)+11/{)
(1)
:.
= VL X ,
(1)
X
dx
[(p{p)-p]-^(p\p)^W{p)
= ^.
(2)
-^ dp
/7 .
(2)
X (1),
.
/?. ,
([)- = 0, (1)

= ({)+\1/{),
(3)
2. ( (') = \ j^/âe
= ^'+{/)
(4)
' = , , =
(4)
75
^-/{),
(5)
/?
y = px^\lf{pY
= -\1/\).
(6)
,
.
6.1. : ) = 2/ - v 1 + ^";
6)J^ = V + -7r, ) .
' = , = 2 -yj\ + ^.

dy = 2pdx + 2xdp .
dy = pdx,
pdp
dx 2
1
pdx + 2xdp = fL=
1 + ;?'
dp+jc
P = - ^X^p"
, .
: = WL); -uv-^-vu, Y]\tu,v />,

^ , 2
V+U
V
^
dv
^dp
= -2-^^;
V
du _ ^
- 7
-;
V -{- V
1
v-^vi
^
^ +1
u=\f==rdp-\-i
dp
dp ^l + p'
W1 + /
/1 + /
,
76
14
" = - ;^ Vi+7^ - - In |;>+VT+V + .

^1
"
[ = 2-
1
2
+ '
1
In
p + ^Jl + p '
+ ^.
) . ' = ,
= -.
dy = pdx + xdp
- dp.
dy = pdx,
xdp
-dp = (i dp
f
X -
= 0.
P
, dp = 0, = - . ,
dp = 0, /> = V = +
.
2
2 ^ 1 3
, : = , = -+ = -^,
2
3
= =
'
3
/?, = v2x^.
, ,
,
, . .
.
77

(ô'Jô) -^^^^^-^),
^,
XQ , ^ = /
^ =^2x1 ,
2 1 I2
^
^0
7
\^
, = , \/ Y
V -^0

(^'^) - -, . .
; .
14. 1- ,

.

/ ( , ; ; , / ) = 0,
(1)
, , ,
,
y^fxi^x.y)
/ = /2(^,7).
(2)
,

. (1)
i^(x,j;,C) = 0; F,(x,>;,C)-0.
(3)
, (1) ,
' -

78
14
f{x,y,p)
= 0; /;{,,)
= 0.
(4)

(3)
F{x,y,C)^F,{x,y,C)F,{x,y,C)
=0
(5)
F{x,y,C)
= 0; F:{x,y,C) = 0.
(6)
, (4), (6),
(1)
.
2.
= {'),
(7)
, ' = , = ((). ,
, dx = (p'(p)dp,T3,K
dy = /dx = pdx, dy = p(p\p)dp.
,
(7)
= ({); y = \p(p\p)dp'^C.
(8)
3.
(9)
= ({1
, ' = , = (().
, dy = (p\p)dp. ,
dy = pdx, pdx = (p [p)dp, dx = ^"-^.
,
- | ^ - ^ + ; = ({
(10)
79
, (8), (10)
.
4. 1-
^({,),
(11)
, = \
^({,\
(12)
(12) , /? ,
_ ( ( dp
dp dx
(12), (13)
() . (13)
/? (12), ,
(11) .
5.
= 11/{,/),
(14)
, = \
.
.
I / /dp
^^^^
dy
7.1.
:
)
7 = ^^+^;
) / ' + ( ^ + / ) / + = 0.
, ) , .

X+
dx
/ + 1

f=-^'
j>'-">=/(.+i)-"<^(.+0.
80
14
2 =2(x + i y ' 4 c 7J^ = V ^ + C.

(5)
>^ = (/ + ) .

(4),
XH-l
j^ = 0. , - Q
.
) ' = t,
+ (jc^ + j;^) ^ + xj; = t
/
J- 1 , 2
2 ,
2 ^
^2 , _ 2
_2
-l=-^LZ_.-^ "
2
^-
fJ
V
+ -
2
X,
_-
* 2 """
-
2
+\_
:=
.
= - ^X
=
^
dy
dx
-=^ =
;
In [ = - In X + In ; ^
.
X
ydy - -xdx\
2
=
h ; ^ -^ =^ .
7.2. : ) + = In \ ) j ; = ^^
, ) = 2{\ -)
' = , = 2(1/?-/7).

^^
dx 2 ^-dp
81^
1 \dp.
dy = pdx, dy = 2(1-p)dp. ,
= 2-^+,
,
= 2(\-);
= 2-^ +,
) '= . = ^^.
, = 2'^ + ^^ .
dp _
dx~e'{2^py
'^'
,
{2 + p)e4p
= dx; "" {\ +) = + .

= ^{\ + ) + ;
^^
(4) , /? =
= ^^, . . j ; = 0.
7.3. :
) = {1 + /) + ';
) = +

, ) ' = , = (1 + ) + ^.
X, pdx = {\ +p)dx + xdp + 2pdp
dx
-t-: =-2/7. , .
= uv, + {v'-^v) = -2/7.
v = e-'\
= -2';
=2('-')-\-.
82
14
, = 2 ( 1 - ) + ~^.
,

) = , = + -.
(15)
1
- + '
dp ^
}dy^ = 0
dp
dy\
= 0.
)

,
^ = 0;
/7 = 1
= + \
dy

2
=-
^-2.
, '^ = ~4.
, = + ^;
^ - - 4.
14.8. ,

1. ,

d [) = xdy + ydx;
d\
xdy - ydx
rX \
)
, , ,
ydx - xdy
= ;
= ;
^
= .
2.
P{x,y)dx + Q{x,y)dy + R{x,y){xdy-ydx)
83
= 0,
(1)
Q , SL R
/(/?^~1),
.
= zx
,
2 = 0, .
3.
/ = P{x)y'+Q{x)y
+ R{x)
(2)
.

. - ^,
= ^+ Z
.

=^+-
+ ,
X
(3)
, , ,
=, { + \) >4. X
j;J (3).
8.1. : ) cos xdx + sin xdy = cos 2xdx;
6) ydx-[x-y')dy
= 0.
, a)
u=ysmx. , du = cos xdx + sin xdy.

84
14
du -co^lxdx,
=~sin2x + C,
2
ysinx = sin2jc + C
2
J^ = C0SX + --7-
sinx
6)
ydx-xdy = -y'dy,
ydx-xdy^_
2
ydy-
d
, = w, du=-ydy.
^
-^
'
'
+ . , = -^+ + ^ ^ = .
2
2
2
8.2. :
) [x^ + 2y^)dx-xydy-{xdy-ydx)
= 0; ) / = / + - +
, ) .
= zx,
(^ + 2z^x^ Wx - zx^ [xdz + zdx) - (x^dz + zxdx - zxdxj = 0.
(l + z^]dx-(zx + l)dz = 0 x'
-x =
r-.
^
^
^
1 + z'
1 + z'
, .
1
' . ' ^^ ^
= uv, uv + u\ v 1 + z^.
l + z''
v = ^Jl + z^;
2
" = J 7 - ^ = ^ = ^ + C; x^z +
+z
'(l + z')
/1 + z'
z z = ,
X
85
) (3).
^ = . jî
X
,
^
I
= + + ;
/
>
.'
? ^ . ^
+ 2 ^ + 1 = 0;
=-\.
, ^-.
. . . ,
z = x ( C - l n x ) . ,
1
1

1
.
X x(C-lnjc)
14.9. ,

1.
,
X, . . j ; = / (jc).
. dx
, {-\)-
^""-'^
^\f{x)dxC,=(p,{xYC,,
dx ,
( - 2) -
-
x^^n
86
14
3; = ()+,"-'+,"-...+.

( ).
y=iy^^y-=:zy^^, ,j;^"~^^ =>^"~^^ = ^.

= ^,
XG [xpX2].
.

2,....,'^
=(-1 {)+,;-' +,;-' +,., + _,;
yt'^=cp,{x,)^q
,
.
2. f(^x,y\y'')
= 0
j^. = ,
d'y_dp
dp]
~ ~ "7" j ,, = .
dx J
. ,
p = p{x,Q),
y=\p[x,C^)dx + C2.

.
2,
, {^) = 1
/{XQ) = ^. ,
, -
87
.
.
3. f{y,y\/')
=
.
= , ;;, . .
dx
d^y dp dp dy
dp
TT-~r-~,r~P~7~ ,
dx
dx dy dx
dy
f\ y^p^p-.\=o^ , p = {^)'
[
dy)
^
-^= (\
; = dx. ,
dx ^^^
'^
{^,)

y^yi^x.C^.C^).
4.
:
1. , .
. (,\'\...
,"^) = ,
()
2.
, . . {,\\.,,
," = 0,
-{),

.2.
^..V^
d'p dp
= ,
dy' [dy
dy
.
. .,
3. ^"^ = f(y
\ ^^ ^
^^^ =^7()
z?^""^^ =:/(jr7(x)).
4. {,,\\...
,>' ) = 0
,\\,,.
,"^, =ty,
t{x) ,
.
88
14
9.1. : ) j;^^^ = e^""', ) = ^ = 1,

= 0,' = \, " = 2.
, ) ,

.
1
y" = \e"'dx = -e'' + q.
2
J-X , /<^ 1 J , .
/^==||_-^+ , J x ^ -ê ^2JC
' ^ + CjX + Q ,
11
2JC
/=||-."+C,+Q
1
-\"
jc-2
' 8
' 2
,
- ' ' + , + 2 + 3
'
'
2
16
' 6 2 '
'
) ,

.
. ,
/ ' = 1 + ,
= 1 , 2 = -1+
=3.
,
1
= ~ - 1 ' - 1 + + 2 = 1, 1 = 3 + ^ ,
^^-2.
, ,

: = - | 1 ' + - ' - 2 + = 1 , 0 = | - 2 + , = ^ ;
X -
v = I n +X - 2 +.
2
2
2
89
9.2. : ) ( + 1 ) + = 0;
, ) ;^,
,
= {), '-{).
( / + 1 ) + /7 = 0 - = -\,
X
, - uv\
dv
dx
V
=uv + vu uv + u\v - = - 1 ;
1 x 1
t; = ;
= -1;
=-;
hCp
X X
.
X
= , = -+ ^ /, , dx
2
X )
, ,
, =
+ , In || +
) ,
dp _ dx
/ = , ' = - =]\ +
X
Inl /7 + ^1 + = In || + In ,;
Vl + y = , - ';
' = Cfx^ -1;
p + yjl + p^ =^;
dy --
=,
1 + ,.
4 ' 2, ' '
'
,
4
'
1 =,- +Q,
4 ' ,
'
,
1
2,
^;
90
14
^ Q , ^
1 .
,
'-
'-1, , ,
= 1
1.
2('-1)
4
' '
9.3. : ) ''-\-2[/)
/\3
=0;
)/'=^/77
, ) , //
dp _
= , =-^.
'*'
+2^-
dy
= 0.
/7 = 0 + 2j;/7 =0.
dy
: = , >^ = .
dy
+C^
= ,
dx
dy = ^ ^ ,
(y^ + C,)dy = dx,
^+,
= + ^.
,

y - x = C2-C,j; = .
91^
) x^^y,
. ,
,
. -,
' \
-^\\-^.
, =E=^dx,
= sin (jc + Cj).
arcsin/? = x + Ci
/7 = , dy=sm[x+C\)dx >'=-cos(x+Cj)+Q.
dx
9.4. : ) ^''-[' =0;
^)yy"-{yi=0)"^\)' = 2{")\
, ) ,
'-,
^' = ^.

dp dx
1 1 1
_ CjX
p^
x^'
p
X Cj '
X + Cj
,
, , . .
//
LîX
=
x + Cj
= Q ( - , In | + Q |) + ;
;^ = - ^ ' - , ' ( + ,)1| + ,| + ,' + 2 + ;
Q'^Q+C';
;; = -^^-,^( + ,)1| + ,| + 2 + .
) , /
*", -ty, "" = t'y + t^y.
^
t'y + t^y = ^ ; t' = 0; t-C{,
= ^;
dx
^ = qdx; In __ C^x. y = C2eQx
92
) ' = {)\
14

/? = 1.
dx
"--^^
pdp = dx, ^ = + Q , =yfbc+Q. y'=yj2x+Q.

,
,
y=j{2x
+ C,)2dx + C,=-{2x
1
+ C,)2+C^;
= {2 + ,+^ + ^.
) .

=.
dp
<//
\dy
^dpy
= 2
/=0,
/ = 0,
= /7
d/ [dy
= 0.

dp
d^p
dt
dt
2 .
, -^ = t, j- = t, pt
1 = , dy
dy
dp
dp

^
^
^
dt
i^ dt dp
/ = 0, - f = 0, p = C y^C.x + C^^ p-t = Q, = -^,
dy
dp
t
p
ln|f| = ln|C,>|, t = C'p.
93

^ = 1,
dy
^ = Cldy, \\\ = 1-\;,
^',''^\
dx
'
'^>'
^^^'
^''^=/ + '
, :
=, =,+,, -^-^'^+;+;=.
14*10*

1.
/ ^ + ^ / " ' ^ + +/^-,/+^3^ = 0,
(1)

, /^,/^,...,/^
.
-

= ,,+^^+. + ^^,
(2)
,2^'->
.
= ^,
:" -^:""^ +... + P_iA: + P =0. -
94
14

.

:
1. ^,^,...,^
,
= /^"" + Qe'^' +... + ,/""";
(3)
2. /cj
(A:j = :2 =... = :^),

3.
- /:, 2 = j8/,

e"^"" (, cos + ^ sin /);
4. - k^^=aPi
,

2.

' - + qy = 0 -
,
= "" (, cos j8x + Q sin px).
(4)
.
Cj = ^sin^, ^ =Acos(p, (
. 2 ,

7 = ê""sin(jSx + (p).
95
(5)
/? = ,
''-\- = 0
.
^ = yjqr^ ^ = -^qi,
7 = v4sinf^^x + ^ j .
10.1. : ) ' -5 -6 - 0;
) / ' - 6 / 4 - 9 ; ; = 0; ) / / + 13;; = 0; ) / 1 6 = 0, >^(0) = 1,
/ ( 0 ) = 2.
, )
yt^ -5:-6 = 0 . ^ =6,
:2 = - 1 . ,

)
:^ -6: + 9 = ^^^^.
,
= ^'{,+2).
)
:^+6/: + 13 = 0 ATJ 2 = - 3 2/.

- : = - 3 , j8=2.

= '^"" (Cj cos 2 + ^ sin 2)
, (5)
= Ae'^"" sm{2x + (p),
) /:^+16 = 0
^2 ^ -4^-
= , j3 = 4.
96
14
j^ = CiCos4jc + C2sin4x y = A^\n{Ax-V(p).

.
1 = Q -f Q , ^ = 1.
= "4Cj sin 4 -f 42 cos 4.
2 = -4, +42, ^2=.
,
= cos 4 +sin 4.
10.2. : ) ''' - 6'' +1 = 0;
d'y
) -ji-y = ^'^ ) / 4 4 / ^ 4 - 4 / ^ = 0; ) / - / = 0, ;;(0) = 0,

/(0) = 1, / ( 0 ) = 0, /0) = 1, / 0 ) - 2 .
, )
^ - 6^ +13/: = ^ - , ^^ = 3 2/.
, -
,
^^ +^'' [^ cos 2 + 3 sin 2).
) /:^-1 = 0
(k^-l)(k^ + 1^ = 0, ^^ = - 1 ' ^,4 = ^-
, ,
,
= ^"" + """ + cos X + 4 sin .
)
^ -{-4'^ +4^ =
^ [' + 4^ + 4) = 0. :
^=2=0
/:,4 ~ ^^2, ^^ = -iy/l.
, , 2,4,
>^ = , + 2 + ( + Qjc) cos /2 + ( + Qjc) sin V2JC.
97
) ^ --^
^ =0, ^^^ =1, ^^ =i.

= ^- ^' + ^'"" + ^ cos + ^ sin .

' = ^"" - ^'"" - Q sin + 5 cos JC,
' = ^"" + ^'"" - Q cos -^ sin ,
= 2'' - ^'"" + 4 sin - 5 cos ,
>^^^' = -^" + ^""" + Q cos X + 5 sin .
,
[0 = ,+2 + 3 + 4,
1= Q-C3+Q,
-2 + 3-4,
1 = -
, : , = -2, 2 =1, = , ^ =1, Q = 0.

, >> = "" + cos - 2.
14.11

q
.
98
14

- j^j
, (
^ = 0), . . =.-\-^.
1. q{x)
^
. q{x)
^,
. :
1) q[x) = e"^P{x), {) . ,
= , ^() = (), {)
( ), q{x)
"^.
2) q{x) = e'^{^^-^),
3) ^(x) = P(x)cosZ)x+/(x)sinZ?x; P{x)\ij{x) .
4) q{x) .
j;j , q{x), . .
q{x) .
( ) (
)
( ),
^ q{x) '.
q{x) ^
,
[,{ . . ^,[,[\...
.
,
,
.
2^. q{x)
j^j ,

99
,2,..., .
, ,
, ê'^''\e^''-'^^''\q{x)e-'^4xdx,
(3)
,
, = e'^''je^''--''^''\e^''-''^''\g{x)e-''''dxdxdx,
(4)

'" = cos + i sin \
"'" = cos - / sin
(5)
sina = (^"--').
(6)
cos = 1('+^-'");
3. .

y"^Py+P,y = q{x).
(7)

^..+^^,
(8)
^ ^ .
Cj 2 .

\{[^^-{
(9)
[ ^ Cj' = (p, (),

2=(2{^)-
100
14
Cj C^ (8),
.
-
->2^"-^
,
(1)
{) = ,{),-^,{),-^^{)^,
(10)
, (),2(),..., ()
- ' ,("-2),
'("-21
-\+,/->+...+
/
[-\)
, ^t
(-1)
- ' ,(-2)
, -,/
\-\\
,
/
11,1. : ) "-2 = ^ \;
) / ' - 2 / = 2-5:'; ) / ' + 6 / + 5;; = 8'^ ) "-(,'^^
= ^'\
) / ' - 3 / + 2:>; = (:)^ ) "+ '-^-%\
(0) = 0,
/(o)=-f
, )
"-1 --^.
:^~2:-3 = 0 ^-,
/^2 = - 1 . - ^ "" + ^'"".

, >^j

^ = ^^ -hBjc + C, , ,
. , ^'^ -
101
, ->\->\ ,

2-4-2-^
-- = 3^ -I.

^
3 = -,
X
0 = -4-,
^
-\ = 2-2-.
4
= -\,
-,
3
11
. ,
3
'
3 9

'
3 9
)
- 2 = 0.
^ -2 = 0 ^ =0, 2= 2.
w = Q + 2^\
j^j.
=
, '
, . .
^ =(^^ + + ).
[ = ^ + 2 + , ''= 6 + 2
\^\^\
6 + 2-6^-4-2
= 2-5\

^
X
^
-6 = -5,
6-4 = 0,
2 5 - 2 = 2.
102
14
5
5
, ^ = , ^-~7^
1 _
5 , 5
1 ^
= . , ^= ^ + + 4

= ,-^ ^'' +
5 ,
3
2
2
)
'-^/--.

:^ + 6: + 5 = :, = - 1 , ^=5.
= ^'"" + ^'^''.

,
^= Ae"",
{ = ^'', {'=9^'' 1,{,{'
^"" +18^4^^'' -{-5^'' =8^^"", =,
, . =^''.
4

'
' 4
)
'' - 6' + 9j; = 0.
jj;2 _ 5^1; + 9 = ^2 " ^'
, w = (Q + 2) "".
m = 3
,
^ -^'''. [ = Aylx + 'ix^je"',
['=^ A\2-\-\lx-\-9x^je''' .
lAe"" = 4^'',
= 2.
103
)
:^-3/ + 2 = 0.
^-\
:2 = 2.
1

m = 1
, ^ - " + ^ - Cxje''.
[ ^'
,
[ + 2 + ^ + 2-[- + ^ + 2 + + ^ +^ +)' -[9^ +6 + + ' +^ + )' +[2' + 2^ + 2)'' =
= (^^+)\

,
, , , = ,
3
3
= , = - 3 . ,
^^ 3
,^
+-+3
3 2
J

7, =,"+2'^
^'
. 3
3
2
,
\ .
)
''+4'-'5 = 0
^ +4-5 = 0. ^ =1, 2=5.

104
14
-5
= ^"" + ^

m = 1
,

, %
^^ + - \
[ ^
,

, ,
= --
25
,
4 .
+ -
=~

-5JC
^^^'^^'''
3 j
+ -
4 .

\
5/ 3

.
3
= Ci^'' -SCje ~5
4 ,
' = ,
25
3
1
5'
105
Ci = - , Q = .
' 2
' 50
,
= - +
2
50
+ .
51^ 5 j 3
11.2. :
) / ' - 2 y - f l 0 j ^ = 2sin3x + 5cosx; ) '- = ^2\
) y + J ^ ^ c o s x ; ) / ' - j ; = sinx-e~''; ) y - 7 y + 6 > ^ = e''sinx;
) y ^ - 2 y = xcosx.
, )
~ ly' +1 Oj^ = 0.
/:^-2/: + 10 = 0 k^j-\Zi.

= 1, j8 = 3,
I/ = "" (Cj cos + 2 sin ).

,

^ =^cos3x + 5sin3x + CcosxH-Dsinx.

jî'=-3^ sin + 35 cos - sin X + Z) cos X,
['= -9 cos - 9 sin - cos - Z) sin .
]^\:>\

- 9 cos - 9 sin - cos x-Dsmx-\-6A sin - 6 5 cos + 2 sin X ~ 2D cos +10^4 cos +105 sin +
+1 cos X +10D sin X = 2 sin + 5 cos ;
106
14
cos3x
0 = -9-
+ \0,
sin3x
2 = - 9 5 + 6.4 +,
cosx
5 = - C - 2 Z ) + 10C,
sinx
0 = -) + 2C + 10).
12
2
9
= , = , = ,
37
37
17
2
D. ;
2
1
yê"" (, cos + ^ sin ) +(6 cos + sin ) + (9 cos - 2 sin ).
)
'- = 0. /:^ - 3 = ^ :| 2 = /3. = ^ ^"^ + ^' ^"^.
,
,

^= cos 2- sin 2.

[ = -1 sin 2 + 2 cos 2,
['= - cos 2 - 4 5 sin 2.
^ \' ,
- cos 2 - sin 2 - cos 2 - sin 2 = sin 2.

cos2x
-4- = 0,
sin2x
- 4 5 - 3 5 = 1.
4 = 0, 5 =

= ,^^ + Q^-^^ - - s i n 2 .
107
)
'- = 0.
:^ +1 = :, 2 = /, . . = ,
j8 = 1.
W = Cj cosjcH-C2sinjc.

= , 6 = 1
,
,
, , . .
^ = ^- .

{=^ 2 sin - cos + 2 cos - sin .
^,
['
2 sin + 2 cos - cos

, ,
^ = , -,

= ^ cosx + C2sinx +xsinx.
) ''- = 0
^ -\ = 0.
:, 2 = 1.

,
m = -1
,
^ =Acosx + Bsmx + Cxe~''.
108
14
' ,
-^cosjc-5sinx-Cfe"'' -'"' +~'' -Acosx-Bsmx-Cxe'''
=sinx~e~''.

,
, = 0,
=,
= . ,
7i =[~'' - s i n x j .
,
y = Qe'' + ^'"" + (^'"" - sin ).
)
'-1 -^ /:^-7: + 6 = 0.
^ =1, :2 = 6.
= ^"" + Cje^"".

3^1 ='' (Âcosx + Bsinx).
[, ' ,
e''(^cosx + 5sinx) + ^''(-^sinx + 5cosx) + e''(-^sinx + jBcosx) +
-^ (-4 COS JC -
sin ) - "" ( V4 COS + 5 sin -
4 sin + 5
cos ) +
-"" (^ cos X + 5 sin ) = ^ sin .

""
, ^ , = 1 .
, =
26
26

^ =^''(Scosx-sinx).
26
,
109
1
26^
^
)
' -2 = ^ -2 = 0.
^=0, 2=2.
w = Cj + 2^\

,
7i ={Ax-{-B)cosx + (Cx-hD)sinx.
{, '
,
- sin : - 4 sin - (>4 + 5 ) cos + cos -\- cos jc - ( + /))sin jc -2 (4 COS X - (yix + 5) sin X + sin + ( + D) cos x) = x cos x.

sinx
- - ^ - ^ - i ) + 2 5 - 2 C = 0,
cosx
- 5 + C + C - 2 ^ ~ 2 D = 0,
xsinx
- C + 2^ = 0,
xcosx
-A-2C-\.
, - ,
2
2
= - , /) =.
5
25
,
14 ^
1
-sin X.
+ COSX
5
V
/

=
,+,''-
14^
2
COSX
|sm X.
11.3. : ) ^^ + 5 ^ + 4 j = 3sinx;
Q)y"-v2y"+y' = 2e-'\ {0) = 2, / ( 0 ) = 1, / ' ( 0 ) = 1.
--
25
110
14
, )
^^ ^-5' + = 0
:^ 4- 5^ +4 = 0. :,^ = /, ^,^ = 2/.
,
W = Cj cos X + 2 sin X + 3 cos 2x + C^ sin 2x.
abi
^^,
j j = ^ c o s x + jBxsinx. [^, '
, 4^sinx + ^ x c o s x - cos X + 5 sin X + 5 ( - 2 ^ sin X - ^ cos + 2 5 cos - 5 sin ) +
+ 4(y4xcosx + jBxsinx) = 3sinx.

, , = ,
5 = 0. ,
^ = x c o s x .
,

= ^ cos X + 2 sin X + 3 cos 2 + ^ sin 2 cos .
)
+ 2 + = 0
^ + 2^ + : = 0. ^=0, = - 1
:2,
w = Q + (2 + )^""".
^= . 1,\-,1
,
- 8 ^ ^ - ' " +8^^"'" -2-^' = 2-^\
= -1
^ = -'^"".
111
,

;; = C,+(Q+C3Jc)e-"-e-'\

.
/ = ,-' - ( Q + )-' + 2^"'",
, ' /' = ,
' , + 2 = 3,
- + = - 1 ,
, Q =6, 2 = - 3 , ^ - -4.
,

>^ = 6 - ( 3 + 4jc)e-"-e-'\
11.4. :
) '-2 -\- = '''cosx\
=\
;
I "" +1 I
) '' + 4'+4 = ^"" In\ ) >^'''+4j;' = sin^ jccosx.
, a)
.
^^ = - 1 ,
=
) ''-3'+2
{,-^^)\

(3) -~''\\\~''
zo^xe'dx\dx-e~''\\\xz^
= e'"" \ (jc sin X + cos x)dx^ e'"" (2 sin x - jc cos x).
112
14
, = {^ +xC2 +
2smx~xcosx)e'''.
) ,
, :, = 2, ^2 = ^
= ,^* + Cje'.
(3)
= ^" \-'
J
\\ -^
^+1
N .^
-I. 1
dx
7+
- = -"" \dx =
= " + '
J ^' 4- 1
dx
dt
t{t--X)
, = ,^" + Qe" + ^" ( - In (^ +1)).

) ,
, ^2~ ~2.
w = (Cj -^xCj )^~ ""
(3)
= -^'"'^ Inxe^4xdx = "'^ j\Inxdx = "'^ j{x\nx-x)dx
:e-'^\^lnx'
3x 2
-2
, = ++Injc
^
' 2
4
) ,
, ^ =0, 2= 2/, ^ = -2i.

u = Q+C2 82+ sin2x

(4)
113
(6)

8
-k\'-\'
,-4ir
~5i
lix
- \ \ '
f
5
^3:
3/
^-ix
: =
-5
\dx =
V 15/ + 15/ ^ ~bi

(5), .
1 . ,
1 .
, = sm +sm .
' 60
12
,
1
y = Q +2082 + 82 + sin3x + sinx.
60
12
11.5.
1
: ) '' -2/ - =
) / > ; = COS^ X
'+1
^) "^ =secjd:gx.
, )
'-2^-
:^ - 2: +1 = , /:, 2 = 1
w = (Q + ^^"".
,
-^ {^)^^ + Q {^"", Q (),
^ {) (9). ^ =''
2 =^,
114
14
C,V + C'(l + x ) e ^ = ^ ^ .
C : = > - - ^ ,
C--i^.
,
Ci = l n ( x ^ + l ) + C,;
C2=arctgx + C2.
,
= Cj +2 1(^ +l) + xarctgx .
)
'-^ = :^ +1 =
= i.
W = , cos X + 2 sin X.
,
= ^ (x)cosx + C2 (x)sinx.
^ = cos ; 2 = sin , (9)
Cj'cosxH-C2sinx = 0,
1
- Cj'sin X + 2 cos X = 3 '
cos X
{ =
;
cos X
C[
5. cos X
V - + C . ; C2=tgx + C2.
, , = -
2 cos X
., Q ,
= {^ -l)cosjc + C2sinx
2cosx
115
+
cosx
^^ cos X + 2 sin X +
2cosjc
)
+ = ^ + = 0
^ =0, ^^ =i.

W = , +208 + 8.
,
~^ (jc) + C2 (x)cosx + C3(x)sinx.
^ =1; ^ =cosx; ^ =sinx, (10)

[ + [ cos X + 3 sin jc = ,
-[ sin X + 3 cos jc = ,
sinx
-C2 cos X - C3 sin X =
cos X
8 X
C[ = sin X
r, C[ = -tgx, C' = -tg^x.

cos X
,
, =
+ ,; 2 =ln|cosx| + C2; 3 =-~^^ + .

cos X
Cj, 2 3 ,
=
hCj +cosxIn|cosx| + C2 cosx + (x-tgx)sinx + C3 sinx
cosx

1
y = C^ +C2COsx + C3sinx +
+ cosxln|cosx| + (x-tgx)sinx.
cosx
116
14
14.12.
1.
( + )"") + ,( + 6 ) " - ' / ' - . . . + _,( + 6)/+>; = / ( ) , (1)

,,^,.,.,^^_^,^ ,
.
+ >0 + = ^
t, '^=~^';
3^x.=^^ {yu-yth
^^
(;^,,-;,,+2;;^...

.
2.
""^+,"-"''^+... + _,/+>; = / ( ) ,
(2)
(1).
(2)
y'Zc =^~^' {''~^'^^') . . (2)
. < ,
= -^'.
3^.
j c V " ^ + f l , x " V ^ + . . . + -iV + ^.y = 0
(3)
X > = ', .
,\,..,^''^ (3)
.

/,

3^1 = ^ ' '
72 =^'1^^^' ,=''{\)\...,
y,=x'{\nxf~\
17
= aPi ,

x'^cos(j31njc), jc"lnxcos(j31nx), ... , x"(lnx)
cos(j8lnx),
x"sin(j3lnx), x"lnxsin(j81nx), ... , x"(lnx)
sin(j3lnx).
12.1. : a) x^y'+xy-\-y=0; 6)
j^y^'+xy-yÔ,
) / + >^ = - ; ) ( + 1 ) ' / ' - 3 ( + 1 ) / + 4; = ( + 1)'.

X
, ) , = \
= '^~* = (-1)'^~^. ,\''
,
r ( r - l ) + r + l = 0 ^+1 = 0. rj2=/.
, = ^ cos In + 2 sin In .
) = '',
r ( r - l ) ( r - 2 ) + r - l = 0 (-1) =0.
= 3. ,
y^xfCj+21 + In^xj.
) = \ ^'^'{''-') + 3~'' + = '^-\-1\-=^~\ . .
.

y^-Atê'^
1 = A\2te~^-tê'^j,
1'= (2~^ -4te~^ ^tê'^y yi,y{,/i'
,
[2-' - Ate-' + tê'' + Ate-' - Itê-' + tê'') = e'S
4 = . , j ; = (Ci+/2)"'+/^"^
118
14
,
/
1
1
1
+. 1 + In X
.
2
) + \ = \

/,i-/,-3/^-\-4y
= e'' /'-4+4
= ''.
,
, ^2 - 2 .
, w = (Cj + /2) ^^.

,=^', 9^' -^' +4^' =^\ = 1.

,
y = {q+C^\n{x
+ \)){x + \f +{ + \)\
14.13. !

.
1.

,
.
, \
= f{x,y).
2. .
(, jv, ) = .
119
= .

f{x,y,y)
= 0,

/
( ).
,,;
=0 .

(,,) = ,
f{p,p\(p) = 0 2
' -
/ , - - ^ , ^ = .
V
)
3. = f[x) ,

,

dy
.
- = , = .
/: > ,
X . ,
, ,
. .
/: < , .
, ,
,
.
4.
,

120
14
d^x
'-,
m-
= X,
dr
d'^y
m^=Y,
7-=^5
dv
d'x dy
d^z
^;
mY
= Z,
dr
(1)
d'z
m ; j - , r^? "TY
dt
dt
dt
; X,Y,Z .

, .

, .
,
,
.
,
, ,
d^x
^ dx
/3 ;
.
(2)

. (^) = 0,
,
, .
5. .

( ) , {) EI

1
^{)
pix)"
EI '
(3)
(3)
, dx
1 ^

1^
= ().
(4)
6. ,

.
.
. f/ L,
R
=-lu,dt,
dt
R
/ ; t ; L, , R
, , .
. 1.
.
2.
( ) ,
. ,
,
.
13.1. , ,
, ,
, .
. (. 14.2). y = f{x)
, (, jv) . MN
. MP
. MNP
122
14
MP
X%a=-:;-;^. MP-, a NP=, t g a = .
' NP'
= tg ; f-b=
. 14.2

dy _ Idx ^
~
5 1|;| = 21|| + 1||, = ^, .
13.2. , (1,3)
, ,
, .
. (. 14.3 ).
'
N
/
/
'
1
1
1
. 14.3
y-f{x)
, [^,)
. ON,
1[23
, - , . . .
OBN ,
= tg tg =
.
^.,
tg =
= -.
X -
= -;
-
. +
' =
; '
= 1. , X
dx
, I
y = xt\
y=t + xt\ dt = ; ^ = ln +.
j^ = x(ln|x| + C).
(1, 3).
, 3 = 1 + ; -2.
, j^ = (in || + 2).
13.3. ,
. \ \- ,
J^vl +
y^L
.
,
tg = \

yyjl + /^ -{-/^
2fccy/ = A : V - / .
. = xz,
dz
y' = z + xz\ 2kxz = ^ -z^ -'2kz' ,
dx
zdz
dx
, z
=
.
/ : ' - z ' ( l + 2A:) 2kx
, x'yt'~(l'+ 2 ^ ) / ={,

''
^ = ^ +-
1 + 2
124
14
13.4. : )
{-) -[-) =R^; )
= '^.
, )
2[-)-\-2[-)/
= 0 -+{-)
=0,

, - = 1-'0)
=
.
ln|>'-fe| = ln|x--a| + ln|C|, y-b = C{x-a), . .

.
)
' = ^. ,
'^
= . ^-, -^-~
' = -. = ~ ln|p| = -(jp + lnC, = ~'^.

13.5. h
= 0.
,
.
. :
-pv^.
(, ,
),
= P-pv ,
dt
^
^
dv dvdy
dv
dv
^
2
=
= V = ,
v = P-pv
dt dy dt dy
g
S dy
V=:g{\-kv^\^ k = .
dy
^
^
P
12^
- = gdy^
l-kv
-ln|l-A:t;'| = gv + C.
2^ I
I ^
VQ=0, y = 0.
, , = 0. ,
V
\n\l--kv'\ = -2kgy v =
J-{l-e-''^),
13.6.
.
200 ,
= 300 ,
NQ=S . .
.
N ,
dN _
^^
- - , , N = .
at
= 0, ^ = 8. 8 = ' ' = 8 7V = 8e''.
t = , 1
-'^ -~= '\
, . . 4 = ^"^,
=
, 200 7V = 8e ^ = 4 ^ .
13.7. , 100,
^ = 20 25, 60
10 .?
. = (-^),
dt
126
14
dT
kdt; In - 2 0 = ^ + lnC.
-20
= , = 100, In 80 = InC; = 80.
; = 10 . = 60, ,
In 40 = 10^: + In 80; ; = !-ln 2. , - 20 = 80*'
10
/ 1 \7
- 2 0 + 80 > - 2 0 + 80 1 \
I . ,
V-/
nv (\^
25 : 25 = 20 + 80
V^
/ = 40, . . 40 .
.4
13.8.
2 .
h
t, s ^.
.
. ,
V ,

v = (j.j2gh,
g = 9,81 /^ ; (
, (
-0,6).
, s di
, vdt, . .
dV = svdt = sCyJlghdt,
, ,
htg , dt
dv--nh^tgâK[h-\dh\)
tgâ-Ktgâh^\dh\,
, dh < 0.
,
-ntgahdh
= s(jJ2ghdt
dt =
iKtgÔC
, t = C
j==-dn.
sa^lg
-
j= h ^.
5s(J^2g
t = 0, h = H; =
-^^~\
,

t=
^.
2 Kigâ
5 SGyllgl
H^-h^
)
,
= , . .
^ ^ 2 Ktgâ ^\
. ,

.
13.9. ,
,

h^ , /^2
{h^>h^.
5 5*2, s.
. , ,
, ,
. . - 5j Jzj = 5'2<iz2, rfzj, dz^
128
14
dt. dt
asJ2g(^z^-z^)dt,
, -S^dz^ =(js^2g(^z^ ""^2)^^

dz,
(ysJ^g ,
= J = = -^^^dt,
yjz,-z^
S,
s -^ s
z^-Z2= u, dz^ -dz^ =du = -dz^
,
S.du
_
^
Sjdu
(ysJlg ,
dz, =
. ,
^
=r = ^^^dt.
,
r = 0 u = h^-h^,
^-^^
S,-hS,
w = 0,
=
C =
{S,+S,)(Js4g
13.10.
z,
( z = 0) ^.
. ,
PQ .

R , .
,
= -I1Z, II .
129
,
, ,

dP
dP
Pg
r^-gP

dz =
R{TQ-/lzy
dz
,
dP
gdz
R{T,-^lz)
, ,
I I Rii
1-^1 + lnC.
z = , = PQ, = ^.
,
=
^z
\^
13.11.
X , ,
, .
.
,
.

dx
= k{P-x),
dt
.
,
dx
= kdt;
-
= +-''.
130
14
^ = , . . = 0.
= - ,
13.12. ,
.
. ,
, .
= f{x)
(. 14.4).
. 14,4

. : NM ,
,
{,).
,
ZNMT == Z.KMO, ZMKO = ZNMT,
, ZKMO = ZMKO. ,
|0| = | 0 | ,
OM=yJx^+y^.

, = - ^ - , tg = \
-^-x = J x 4 /
131
(-^1^+=.
^
'

. x = zy, ' = z + yz',
X , ' ,
zy + ^ / z V + / =y{z + yz'); yfu7
= yz'.

dy _
dz
/l + z'
ln|j| = lnz + Vl + z^| + lnC; y = c{z + ^\ + zA\

= c(x + yfx^+y^

/=2
+ JC
. . ,
.
13.13. /,
R, L,
() = ^ sincot.
/Q = 0.
. ( ,
,
, , ):
di
Ui^+Uj^= , U^=L dt
L, Uj^ = Ri di
R, L h 7?/ = ^^ sin cot
dt
.
132
di
14
i=uv,
= uv + vu,
dt
Luv+u[Lv+Rv) = EQsm(ot. (*)
dv
R
dv
R ,
"7' T-r
=
V, =
dt, v = e ^ . pedt
L
V
L
(*),
~i du Er. .
Er. jt .
.
e ^ = ^smo)t u=^\e^ smcotdt.
dt
L
L^
,
-^
=-^-(Rsincot-Leo COS cot) ^ +C.

i = -^-(Rsmcot-Lcocoscot)
--^
+ Ce ^ ,
: /^ = t = , EQLCO
= ^ ^
LW+R'
^. -
,=---_
^ \\
coscot-e ^
V
J
V
13.14. m
R sin cot-LQ)
L'(o'+R'
v^ = 0. ,

.
.
= mg, ,
F = -kv^, ,
,
.
133
mw = P-kv

mx = mg-kx
= mg-kv ,
dt
dx
d^x dv
= v , j- = , a x
dt
dt
dt
.

dv
^ _ ^ 2
,
= mat
dv
2
a -V
= Ldt
(a^=^

a-\-v = ^ + C.
m
2a a-v
VQ=0 t = , ,
2
a-\-v
, = 0.
=
a-v
i-m
-I
v = a- 2
=
-- t
/
"^ +1
"" -
h. ,
^
dx
dx
. jkg
, = athj-^-t.
dt
dt
\
x = a\thj-^tdt
athMt.
= al1,-^/
+ =lnchJ-^t + C,,
\i 1
/
^
1
W
^
^ = , X = , ^^ = 0. ,

I
x = lnchj-^t.
134
14
13.15. 18 /. 5
6 /.
, 15 ^

.
. , s ,
.

d^s
, ds
dv J
m-z- = -k m- = -kv,
dt^
dt
dt
.
,
dv
^ ,11
^
=
dt\ In =
/ + ,.
V
t = 0,v =18 / = 300 /, Q = In 300.
t = 5, V = 6 / =^ 100 At4/w, 1100 = -5+1;

= -1.
5
,
t
, 1|| =1 + 1; = 3 0 0 - 3 ^
v = ,
dt
= 300-3"^ s = 300\3"4t =
-^^3''+C..
dt
J
1
^ = t = , ,
1500 ^
ISOO''
'"^
=
. , 5 =
1-3 5
1
1
, = 15 ,
1500
l-lUl310^..
1
135
13.16.
UQ .
, , .
. ,
. 14.5.
. 14.5
= mg,
: ^ = 0; = -mg; ^ = 0.
(1)
,
d'x
= 0;
dt'
, ,
d^x
dt

dv.
dt
f4
dfd^y
dt^
-g;
dv^
dt^
d'z
=0
dt'
d'z _ dv^
~di^ dt
dv,.
dv
- = 0.
^=-g;
dt
dt
dt
,
= 0:
f.=C,;
-gt + C,;
v^=C,.
: / =
v^ = VQ COS ;
v^ = v^ sin a;
v,= 0.
136
14
,
Q = VQ COS ; 2 = VQ sin a; C3 = 0.
dx dy dz
v^, v .^, , > >
dx
dy
.
dz ^
dt
'
dt
^
'
dt
,
x = VQtcosa + C^; y = -^+VQtsma + C^; z = C^
: XQ= ^= ZQ=0 t = ,
, ^=^=^= 0.

x = VQtcosa; y = + VQtsma; z = 0.
2
,

y = xtga--
^^ ^ .
2 VQ COS
,
. , . .
= 0,
Un sin 2
=^
.
g
(
)
dy ^
g^
dx
VQ COS
137
vl sin 2
=
2g
,
2g
,
.

, ,
2v^
sma.
g
13.17.
. ,
5 = 0,5 .
.
(. 14.6).

8, . . = 6,
.
138
14
= mg
{-8) (
-5).

j- = -c(jc + 5) + mg-.
dt
, = 5, ,
d^x
' ^
(\
;- =
X + = 0.
dt

(2)
f \
= J.
V
. ,
t = , XQ = - 0,5,
v^ = 0.
- 0,5 = 4 sin ^ . (*)
= cos (^ + )
= cos . , ,
coscp = , = . = (*),
= - 0,5.
^
X = -0,5 sin Q)t + ~ \=-0,5coscot.

2
13.18. = 8,4 /,
= 49 . ,
F (/) = 2sin 13^
139
.
, (2)
+jc = F ( / ) .
^
eg 8,4981 ^^^
= -^- =
= 169,
m
49
Jc + 169jc = 2sinl3/.

/:, 2 =13/,
w = CiSinl3/ + C2COsl3/
^ ^{\(-\-().
= , -\
,
, . .
X, =y4^sinl3/H-5/cosl3/.

jCj =ylsinl3/ + 13.4^cosl3/ + 5cosl3/-13J?rsinl3r;
i* = 26.4 cos 13/-169^4/sin 13/-265 sin 13/-1695/cos 13/.
Xj, i j , Xj

, : A-Q,B

= sinl3/ + C cosl3/
cosl3/.
'
'
13
.
5.

,
140
14
8 =
49
=
= - 5 , 8 , . . = XQ =
8,4
= - 5,8 JCQ = 0. : - 5,8 = 2,

= 13Ci
.
1 . .. . . ^ ^
=
sinl3r- 5,8 + - |cosl3^
13
169
= ^ cos(^\ 5,8 + = ^4^ sin(^, 169

13

jc = 4jSin(l3^-(Po),
(Po=arctg(l3(75,4 + ^)).
/ ^
. ,
,
.
13.19. = 49 , ,
.
R - Pv.
, = 5 /;
j8 = 0,8 / t = 0
1 , ;
VQ =4 /.
. .
(.
14.7). : ,
; F = - (5^^ +) ,
; R = -fix
, v^x.
/////,///
141
z'
R^
/^
^ ^
\
. 14.7
(2)

mx = P-c(S^^+x)-px
(*)
= 5^^, (*)
+ [5 + = 0 +- = 0.
:^ + : + = 0,
,
. =,
^12=~^>
2
2
g
^,,=-8/4-100=~86/.

= ~^^ sm[6t-\-(p) = "^'(, sin6/ + C2COs6/).
,
limê"^'sin(6r + ^ ) = 0.
,
, . . ~^^. = 6.
142
14
,
: = , XQ == , io = 4 /.
x = -8ê"^'sin(6/ + ^ ) + 6^^"^'cos(6^ + ^ ) .
,
1 = 4 sin (\
4 = - 8 sin (- cos <,
ctg = 2, ( = arcctg 2, ^ = -;
= /^ + ^^8V = >/5
sm^
, ,

X = /"^' sin (6^ + ).
13.20. /, ,
.
.
.
. , (. 14.8).
. 14.8

X {) = -P^l-x).

(4)
/ / = ~p(/-.jc).
143
1/ = - 1-
~2
+ Ci,
EIy = -P
Ix"
J \
+ C1X+C2.
Cj 2
: = = 0 = 0 = 0.
dx
, ,
^=2 0.
,
dx
2EI
h)
Plx^
3-/
6EI

1^
1'
2EI' ' "

3EI
,
, ^
, .
13.21.

Os=-
ld_
qr
dr ) 2D^
dr dr
D , q
. , q

.
.
,
. , , . . ^
const. ,
.
14
144
1 d ( dw\ qr^ ^
rdr\
dr } AD
'
, .
,
dw
qr*
C^r
dr
-+
16D + - 2
dw
qr^
CiK
+-1^ + ^
dr 16Z) 2
r
,
^ = 64D
.^!L.+^+CAn\r\
4
2
(1)
+Q
(2)
1 1 3
,
dw ^
=
dr
= = . (1)
16D
' , , ^ Q
16D
= 0;
'=0
= 0.
Cj = 0. Cj , , =--.
'
SD
= , w = 0.
(2)
4
qa
qa
^
^
^
qa
64>
32Z)
'
'
^
^ -+=0
= (2),
.-
145
v-ri
64D
13.22.
,

+2 + w =
dx^
dx^
D
pr
Eh
Im=^;- n^
n =
=.-^; p ;
2Z)'
r^D
h ; E^ji ; D
.
. ,

T- + 2m"^^ w = 0,
dx
dx'
.

'-\-2^+"=0,

k = yj-myjni^-r^
= /-(A2-m);
p = J-{n-\-m);
=a + ip,
^>^.

WQ = CjCh cos + C2sh cos +
+ sin + C4sh sin .

146
14
1-^
W^

W = WQ + W^
= C^chax cos j8x + C2shax cos JSJC +
+ C^chax sin px + C4shajc sin px + ^ i-^

Dn
13.23. ,
L
R (. 14.9).
1
CZDR
.
. 14.9
di UQ
' / , = 0; /Q = 0; = '-.
.
L+Ri-\idt
dt
CJ
t,
= 0.
^ d'i di i L+/?+ = 0.
dt^
dt

Lk'+Rk + = (i
: ^^-
IR^
\/
147
,
i?, L, .
1.
>0.
< ,
41' CL
V4L' CL 1L
. D
D2
= ;
= ^, t=-a+ : ^=--

, , Cj = - ^,
dt
L-,-
;f-.

/,
2j8Z.V
/v
-^
2.
= 0,
:, -^ = -
148
14
3.
<0,
^^ =-occoi, ^ = /
^-

/ = ""' (, cos + 2 sin cot)
~^^ ; ;
.
.
0 = sincp. ^, sin = 0. = 0,
= --~^^ sinQ)t + 0)Ae~"^ cos cot dt
^ = >, =,
L
Leo
,
i^ê'^^'sincot.
Leo
lim^
= 0,
'-^-^ Lcoe"'
^ Lcoe""'
.
14.14.

1.
.

149
.

= ^^{^-^^
j; = Xa,x",
(1)
^
, , \\...

[X-XQ)
.
2. , . .
= /(^,jv)
{^)-,
>^ = ^ ^ ( ^ - ^ )
y = J,^^^\
(2)
^={), (:) = / ( X Q , jô),

' (XQ ), (^0)'
XQ.

. ,

.
3.
-.

y = Yaî(Pl^^\
(3)
1=1
. - ,
, ) - , ,
.
150
14
, (3)
, ,

,
() (/ = 1,2,..., ri)
JX(x,>^)(p.(x)dx = 0,
(4)
(,>^)- .
.
(4).
14.1. ' + 2 = .
.
= ^ + ^-^2^ -{-... +^" -...
' = ^+22-\-,.. + ^"~^ +... j^ /
,
^1 +22-\-... + ^'^~^ +... + 2faQ -^-^-^^ +...+ ^" +...W jc.

X
"
'
, + 2 = 0,
2^2 + 2a^ = 1,
'
+ 22 = 0,
4, + 2,=0,
'

1 ^
2
, =-2ao,a2=-+2flo' 3= + 2^0 , . =
2
" ' 2 3
,
UQ
,'-'}-
^ 0 0
43
1 51
543
\ 2 1 2 3 122 4 1 2 2 2 5
+
X +
23
234
X +...=
2345
|..,(2)-^|.(2
^
. , ,
.
14.2. -^^ =2cosx,
, - 1 = 0.
.
;(0) = 1 , (0) = 2.

/ ' = - 2 s i n x - / - 2 x > y ' , '' =
-2cosx-2yy'-2['-[^-^'')),
^'^=2,-^('^'2('-2{2'-^^^
= j^ () = 1, () = 2,
( 0 ) = - 1 , ( 0 ) = -10, (0) = -18.

(2),
v = l + 2x
X X +...
2 3
4
14.3. '-
= 0, / = X = 0.
+ = ,
. (2) = V
^^".
() = , () = ,
' = -'-,
'\0) = 0.
152
14
,
/''_1 I ^ / '
(6)
(4)
// ,
(4) ,
///
(5)
(5)
(7)
''' .
(5) ,
(4)
(6)
= , >^ (0) = , () = , \^)
= ,
/ ' ( 0 ) = 1, / ^ ( 0 ) = 0, / 0 ) = 2, / 0 ) = 0' / 0 ) = 2-4,...

Ijc'
1-2JC'
+
3!
1
1-2-4-6'
5!
7!
2-15
4-2 7
= JC +
3!
1-2-4:'
X +
5!
+ ...=
9!
8-1-2-3 9
X +
7!
+...=
9!
ti' (2 + 1)!
// ' 1
14.4.
?
, = I, ' = 0 = 1.
. - 2^
; ^'^
, ^^^(l) = - 1 .
,
///
// -1
=
(4)
///
^>=
(5)
-2 /2 ,
-
-1
'^ -2 / , '- -3 /3 '^

-
+2 -2
(4) -1
/// -2 / , / ^
/ ^ = / > -
+
-2
+ ,
-3 /2
-3
-> " - 2 \
+[2 -
' ,
) +
{2-'"-3/'-')"+6-'.
: = 1
/'(1)=, /2, /40=1 ,
153
2!
4!^
^
5!
14.5.

^ dr^'
+ = sin'ô:
da J
= -^,
v^ , v^ ,
, -
( ), (. 14.10).
. 14.10
,
.
.
. {)
'
= {,)+^^{-,)+-^{-,)
'"(),
+...
, (), '{),
"(), "'{^) . . {^) = 0.
154
14
, , 1/ -{-^ =
sin^
^ =-7-^. sin ^
.
' ,
/ ,
-\~
cosa.
sin
^ = /^ = - , -
2
^=
^^^ ^'
COS = - 2 r o C t g -
sm
^'
/ /,2
/ / / / , / /\2 ,
//
0/2 5ctgâ4-l
( ) - 4-() -\- =2 ^
^ ^
^^
sinX
,

,
. , ^{) =
1 /
sin^ ^

vjv^,
14.6.
('-2')>; = 0
(1)
jc = 0.
. -
1_55
: = ,

^""^^'^' {%
(2)
:=0
(2) (1),
( + ^)( + ^^-1),'"( + ^ ) , ' ^ ^ ' '
|(^-^) =0; ^-^=0; ,=;

{{X +
2=-,
lf-n')a,=0,
(3)
'
, = . =
(3)
(( + 1)^-^), =0; (2 + 1),=0; ,=0, .. /j>0,
(4)
,
'
(n + kf-n'
{2 +
156
14
^ = , j^+i - .

2^ ^ (/ = 1, 2,...)
2^1-( + 1)'
2
=
'
2'-2-( + 2)
^
2'-3-( + 3)
2t = ( - ! ) *
2''-1-2( + 1)( + 2 ) '

2*-3!( + 1)( + 2)( + 3)'
(5)
2'*:!-( + 1)( + 2)...( + :)
(5) (2),
2*
^'"^ h,
^ 2^'^!( + l)(n + 2)...( + yt)"
(^)
, ,
(6) , ,
^ .
1
() = J '' ^ ""dx (< > 0) -,
{-\) = [),
(7) (6),
157
\+2;
(8)
:!(2 + : + 1 ) \ ^ 2
ljj[n) - .
,
^ = . (4)
({-n + \f-n^y,=0;
(-2^ + 1)^1-0,
. .
^,
2 + 1

^ (5)
2-2
2^{- + )
^2it=^2;
CQ
=
"
'
2-"(- + 1)'
, (1)

/
2=1--)-1{-1
S
\-+2
X \
\{- + + 1)\

= Cjl () + C2l_ () ( ).

-
Y+2A:
(-')'(
(") = t o1 k\{n + k)\
v^V
k+n
+
V^
158
14
^{--\)\{
=0
^!
( = 0,5772157... ),

= CjF^ () + 27 () ( ).
, Yj[x)
X = 0 .
14.7.
jc^y + jcy + fx^ - ; ; = 0
[1,2] j^(l) = 1, J^(2) = 2.

.
= z +
z(l) = z(2) = 0.
L(^f[x,zyj = xz'' + z' +
z + jc^ =0.
, ,

z,=C,(p,=C,(x-l)(2-x).
-
2/
jz(/(jc,z)) = j
1
{x--l){2-x)C,+
-2QJC + ( 3 - 2 J C ) C , + ^
{x-l){2-x)dx
2 _1
x2
= 0.

, ^ = 0,811.

Zi=0,811(jc-l)(2-jc) ;;j=0,811(jc-l)(2-jc) + jc.
159
,

j;-3,6072/j(jc) +0,75195 Y,{x)
, . .
.
14.8.
dû
\ du
_ ^ ^ ^
= {^) = ^ i/ = i/2(^)
= 2, - ,
fj ^ .
. ,
. .

d
dr^
I du
dr
^ _ 1 ^ du
^ 1
^^
(1)
,
,
UQ
=/ + 2/
. -

.

(1),
(*)

. ,
.
160
14
d}u \ du ,. .
T+--r:--T-M^
dr
dr
/() =
(2)
1 "
,(1 + ,) + %(2,-) + 4
2

= ^ + Jr.
(3)
(2),
^ ^ .

;+;/=,
;-:/^=/().
(4)
(4) ,
=1,(1 + , ) 1 - ^ ( 2 , - , ) - : ^ +
(5)
Q = | c , ( l +C,)r-^(2C,-C,)lnr + ^ + C ,
(5) (3),
(2).
Q, 2
.
. .
, ,
.
14.9. ^^ + =
^'^0
= I; " = '' = : = 0.
.

1 ^
-,
JF^ , , Cj / = 1
0,0324.
>;, = 0 , 0 3 2 4 ( X - 1 ) ' ( X 4 2 J C + 3).
,
,
^ = ^(^+,(^ = C,î ^ Q {x-lf
(^ 4-4/jc + 3/^).
Cj Cj
1{2+2-^)(,(
= 0;
|(>'+3^2-)(2^ = 0,

j(24(C,+5C,(9x-/)) + Ci(jc-/)'(x'+2/jc + 3/') +
+C^{x-lf
{^ +4lx + 3l^)-3x){x-lf
[^ +2lx + 3l^)dx = 0;
j(24(C,+5Q(9x-/)) + C,(x-/)'(x'+2/jc + 3/') +
+2(-/)'(4/ + 3 / ' ) - ) ( - / ) ' ( 4 / + 3/')^: = 0.

/ = 1,
162
14
r26,07Ci-33,36C2=0,72;
|1,05,-25,742=1,
Cj = 0,0407; q = 0,0102.

; ; 2 = 0 , 0 4 0 7 ( - 1 ) ' ( 2 + 3) + 0,0102(-1)'(4 + 3).
14.10.
- ,

Dw -Tw =/?.
Eh'
,
,.
-12(l-v')
, V , h
,
, , =
, ,
.
: ) -
w = \v' = 0 z = z = /; ) -
w=\v=0 z = z = /.
, )
(. 14. ).
D =
I I
W

77777.
. 14.11
-.

^Qsin
W-
163
.
,
i=i
C s i n - = 0.
/
\'7
L sin
-
. kizz . rniz ,
J sin
sin
dz-\)
J sm
dz =
k = n.
nnz ,
:
L sm
i
I
f
CJ
^ ^
+T
y~ J
J sin
dz =
r .
-p\ sm
nTTZ
az = 0.
(.2 = 1,3,5,...)
(^ = 2,4,6,...),
TO
Q=-7
4/7
-if-
^'^'
, -.
-
164
4/7 sin
/:=1,3,5,.
14
knz
' ^^'+T
yl
6) ,
,
^
- ^ ^'
w=X
IkKz ^
1-C0S
w ,
(
(1^
I
+ (2\
2\
cos
I )
L 1-cos
22
dz = 0;
^
\dz = 0. ,
22 2nKz ,
J c o s cosdz =
I
0
^
2rmz .
;>J[i-cos\dz =
pi.
+T
2nn^
n = k,TO
= 0.
- \\ l~cos
V
^
J cos
Iknz
2\
C-pl = 0.
{)
{ = ),
165
Q=
KTÎ-
\2*
, -

/
1-C0S
2k7cz
w=22-
d 2\
JlkK^2'
/
V ^
14.11.
-,
R
D d'^w
d^w
-+
:- + =
h dy'
dy' R h
h -; p
q, .
. - ,
w = w', -
-^^\-,

W, ,
W = / sin
J 7 s i n ^ ^ ; = 0,
d'w \_
Y = D- + hp
d/
dy^ ^ R
\--
166
14
w ,
Df^-phf^-^p--q
=0
ph
q/
4b'
, w
,D-ph
ph
~R
3 /
D^^-pH ^
Ab'
14*15*
1. .

dx^
It
dt
(1)
dx^
dt
XpX2,...,x , t
.
(1)
- -
1 ^
.

.
. . ,
, ,
2-
{- \)
. =.(^,,,2,...,)
.
(1) (
) Xi(/o) = ap
Cj, 2,..., ^^
1 = 1^
.
2. .
,
.
,
,
.

JjCj _ dx^ _
^.
_ dx^
dt
'
dt
dt
168
14
,
,
jc^, Xj, , w - 1
/(., .) = .
15.1. :
dx ^
^
dt
^ = , X = 1, -\.
. t
d^x
dx dy
+ 3 + - ^ = 0.
dt
dt dt

dt
,
d^x , dx
. + 4 + 4 = 0.
dt^
dt
,
.
^ 2 ~ ~ 2.
, = (Q + 4)^"^' -
X ,
y = -(C,+{t + \)C,)e-".

. / = , = 1 Cj = 1.
/ = , > = 1 1 = -(1 + ), = - 2 . ,

\x = {\'-2t)e-^\
\y = {\^2t)e-'^.
169
15.2. :
dx
It
dx
7
dy
= X' +Xy,
r
= z.
'x-^x + Ax-y = 0,
6) dt
) dt
dz
= ^ + 2. ^ \y + 4y + 4y-25x = l6e'.
= x;
dt
dt
, a) no /
d^x dy
d^x
'^~- , -7- = z.
dr
dt
dt^
d^x _ dz
t: -^ = . dt^ dt
d'x
, :
- = 0.
dt'
,
.

x = Qe^ -\-
4^ ^ . S
cos - s i n /
'
2
'
2

/
/ . / ^ 7
= ^^ + - s i n ^ + c o s t
2
'2
2 /
V '2
/
^ . /
cos1 + s i n /
2
2
,'+ 2
i ( C 3 V 3 - C ) c o s ^ / ~ i ( c V 3 + C3)sin^^
170
14
Z = ' +6
i(Q^/3-C)sin^/-i(CV + Q)cos^?
) .

^-^ = '+2- -'^
= { + ) .
dt dt
dt
d{x + y) ^
1
-J- = at,
= / + Cj.
(x + j )
x^y

dx___ { + )
dy {^)
dx _
dy
;;, ,
1
^ = "77;;7'
=
'(,+1)(/ + 0'
(Q+l)(/4-C0) , ;; = - 4 + 4.
: j ; = - 4 + 4 = ^^^^ - 4 + 4.
, ,
d'^x ^d^x
,
--~8i--9x = 16e ,
dt'
dt^
. .
.
, :,2=3,
/:,4 =^.
= Cî' + ^'^' + cos t + ^ sin t.
1^1
^
Xj ~ ^ ,
^ = ~ 1 . ,
X = - ' + ^" + ^'^' + cos t + ^ sin t.
, i ,

>^ = ~e4Cje^425C2e"^4C3(3cos/ + 4sin^) + C4(3sin/-4cos/).
15.3. :
dx
_ dy _ dz
a ) ..3 . ^^.,2
X -
o3
2y
dx _ dy _ dz
9.,2,'
2y
z
6)
^ z y
x-z
y x
dy _ dz
^y _ ^^
, a) ^~T ~ ^ 2
y = C^z.

= ^ X +3
1
dx _\ ^
~" ~" ^ " "^ ~^
. , .
= ty, ^, = / + yt^, dt I ^ 3
2dt
dy
t + y=:t+t,
dy 2
2 ' ^(/42) ~
lnt'-^]n(t'^l)
= ]n\C,yl
';f^ +1
= C,y.
= ,,
X +
dx _ dy _ dz _dx-\-dy + dz
z-y
x-z
y x
0
172
14
, dx + dy + dz = d[x + y + z) = 0.
, + >' + z =
,
, , 2, 1, Iz
.
Ixdx
2x{z-y)
^ydy
2y{x-z)
2zdz
2z{y-x)
_2xdx + 2ydy + 2zdz

0
rfjc^+^?y+Jz^ = j ( x ^ + y + z ^ ) = 0.
, ^ + ^ + z^ = 2.
,
, .
15

15*1 * 2;
1. - -
/(:)
[7;:]
. "
f{x) = -^-\-^{a^coskx
+ bi^s\nkx),
(1)
2
,=,
^=\ \ f{x)co%kxdx,
, 1 f // ^ ^ . ^
bj^= \ J (xjsmfccax,
(: = 0,1,2,...),
(2)
.
. /(.)
- 2 -,
^
SM = \{f{x,-0)+f{x,+0)).
(3)
174
15

f{x).
/ () 2 -,
^ :
) , f{-^) = f{^)^
S(K) = f[n);
) , 2-
/ {- - 0) = / ( - 0), / {- + 0) = / (: + 0),
3{) = ^(/{-
+ 0) + /{-0)).
(4)
2. /()
f{x) = -^+Y,a,coskx,
(5)
2"
ai^=\f(x)coskxdx,
(: = 0,1,2,...).
(6)
/(:)
f{x) = ^bi,s\nkx,
(7)
2"
. = \ f {x)^\nkxdx,
{ = 1,2,...).
(8)
3.
f{x)=Y,c,e'",
(9)
c,=^]f{x)e-'''dx,
2
(9)
( = 0,1,2,...).
(10)
175
ci,-ib,
a.+ib.
^=. q=-^Y^, .,=-^-^,
(12)

Jkx
-ikx
ikx
-ikx
1 e +e
. ,
e -e
^^^_
cos Ax =
, sinfcc =
(13)
2
2/
^ ^
(1).
4. (1) ,
/(). , /(.:) .
,
,
/ () = + ^j cos + 6, sin X + 2 cos 2 + Z?^ sin 2 +... (14)

y = Asin(cox-\-(p),
(15)
, (
[0,2:], ( .
(15)
=.
(16)
= cos cox + b sin ,

(17)
a = Asm(p; b = cos .
, (17),

176
15
(18)
1.1. 2;r- / ( x ) = x + |x|

(-:,:]. .
.
-: < X < ,
0<<:
(. 15.1 ).
. J 5.1
. , .. [-~',0], [0,7]
.
/ (-/ + 0) = ,
/ ' ( - + 0 ) = 0, / ( - 0 ) = 0, / ' ( - 0 ) = 0, / ( + 0 ) = 0, / ' ( + 0 ) = 2,
/ ( : - 0 ) = 2:, / ' ( : - 0 ) = 2, .
S(x)
, . = 7
(4) S (71) = :,
*S(x) 2-, 3{[2-\):^ = (: = 1,2,...).

(2),
[-,0], [, :]
177
^ - f{x)dx-\
I f{x)dx^-
1 1-
CLf,-\ f{x)co^kxdx = \xco^kxdx = ~

7
\f{x)dx
\- \2xdx = =
2 COS/DC
71 t
71 i
71 /
4^+1
1
.
j;r
(-1)
+r-SinfccI
-1
dx
{(-1/-1], (^ = 1,2,...);
bj^= \ f(x)smkxdx = \xs\nkxdx =
k^ ^
sin
sin
'
71
xcosfcc
cos kxdx
lO
---
(^, a^, Z?^ (1),
1.2. 2:-
f{x)-x^,
(-:,:], , V 1
, l^Ti'
. ,

(. 15.2).
. 15.2
178
15
f{x) = x^ , (6)
22
Q =
92 ,,
7 J
JC =
2^
2 f 2
F 2 f
. = X cosfccJx = X sinfcc
xsin/:xt/x
ni
\
lo : J
_4_
1 ^
"0
=A(_i)\
I cosfcc6/x
(^ = 1,2,...).
]L J
no (5)
00
rr^
x^ = + 4 ^ ( ~ 1 ) cosAx.
3
k=\
= , :^ = + 4 ^ - ( - 1 ) ^ cosA:^, k=x
-I
_. 2
X ~ ~
1.3. 2:-
/ ( ) = ||, (-:,:], , , {2-\)^'
. - 2^, ,
. . 15.3.
. 15.3
179
,
/().
, (6)
= \xdx = 7t;
'*'
2
2 sinfcc
^ = cos kxdx
71 i
\s\nkxdx
(5)
I , 2^(-1)*-1
,
= > -^^-cosb:.

-2,
4< cos(2A:-l)jc
'""'"i ^tr" {ik-\y
x = , 0 =
/ ^ ,
1 .. 1_
4 x^
>
2 ;rtr(2^-l)
8*
1.4. 2:-
[-1
^
-: < X < ,
[ 1
0<<;
, ,
(-1J-\
=\
2-1
180
15
.
(. 15.4 ).
71.
. 15.4
,
(7) (8)
cosfcci
= .[(-,).-,], (, = ,,2,...).
^
9 _. 1
/ ( ) = - l ~ ( - l ) 4 s i n b c .

4^sin(2/:-l)x
, 1 = >
^^
^.
7L j^-\
:-1
JC = 2^--
1.5. 2:-
f[x) = e'', [-71,].
.
, [-7,]
^, =
5{) =
-[-''+'').
(9),
(10)
181
-iter
7t
(\-ik\x
(l-/^)jC
^
2: (1-/:)
2:
^ ' ^ '
2n{\-ik)
2{\-1)
"'^"" = 8/:: /sin :: = (~1) ,

, =
'
2 {\-ik)
2: t t l 1-/:

* -/fa
Jkx
-ikx
^ +_1^ =
i-iye'- ^(-1
\-ik
\ + ik
ikx
--ikx
--"
^., {\ + ik)e""+{l-ik)e-"^
^
iK ^ '
l + A:'
e e / ,4it cosfcc + /:sin/:x /, , ^
(-1)
T-Tl
; (/: = 1,2,...).
/: = 0 , c^ =
e e
iK
e"^
2 t r i + A:^^
^
1.6. 2:-
/W-
0 - < X <
0<jc<2
<;<:
2
182
15
.
.
(2).
/{),

,
1 = -x\l
1 I- =-;
1
a^=-\dx
, = \coskxdx = sin/:jc|J = s i n ^ , ( = 1,2,...)
' nl
^'
2 ^
^
1 (
1 , ,
J
, = \sinkxdx =
coskxU = cosk
::^
^^
1 , (/: = 1,2,...).
aûbj^B
, /()

/ (jc) = + (cos : + sin X + sin 2 c o s +
1 . ^
1
^
1 . ^
+sin3x + cos 5 + sin 5+ ...).
3
5
5
(18)
.
:
=.
lY
fit
^/2
71 I
\ 1
^
4
1,
. , /2 .
, (cosx + s i n x j sm +
4
:
2 = ; (2=0, sin2 .
183
=.
1 Y V2
'
v3^y
1
'^ " ' = - '
"'="4
sin -
V
".
:
=-
cos3xH
/ 2 Y ( \ '^
v5^y
v^^y
sin3jc =
V2 ^
.
:
^""5 tg ^5 =1; (^=, ,
5
4
1
. _+sin
, ! . , V2 sin
. { -
cos
5:
5:
5
5

1 V2 .
/ ( ) = +sin JC + +sin2x +
^ ^ 4 :
4
+ s i n
sin 5 +
+ ...
4 J
15.2. 21
1. - 2/-
/()
/ ( ^ ) = Y + UitC0S^:yX + 6,sin/:yX 1
(i)
a^=-[f{xYo%kxdx\
1\ \
(^ = 0,1,2,...),
(2)
^ = - 1 /(jc)sinA::;
(: = 0,1,2,...).
184
15
(1)
. , / () = \\
. [- /, /],
(. 15.5 ),
. ,
/(.) [-/,/] , ,
.
. 15.5
2. /() ,
(3)
=\
,^ =\f(x)cosk'-xdx;
[ = 0,1,2,...).
(4)
/() ,
(5)
:=1
'
2 f
bj^ =\ f(x)smkxdx;
(^ = 1,2,...).
3.
(6)
185
(7)
-ikx
(8)
, = J / ( x ) e ' dx.
11
-/
2.1.
|0
/w=- X
-3<<0,
0<x<3,
, V -
. -
2/-,
(1), (2). / = 3
,
/
1 (ix + J xdx
V-3
(^
^ =-
3^
3 2
J 0 COS xdx + J X cos xdx

0
. , %
sin;
3
\ kn
3
zrCOSkX
k^n^
[sin/: xJx =
=i4^[(-')'-a
/0
J O s i n / : X(ix +J xsin/:xJx =
-3
_1_
-xcosA:X + \coskxdx
3 0 0
7
-l^-^r:
186
15
(-1)'-!
, (-1)'*' . ,
-
cosA:: + -^^-sinA:
3
2
2-\
i-lf
. ,71
:rCos
+ -smkx
n{2k-lf
3
^<''=rfl
4 nh
X = 0 =
,
^,
4
1
^-
,,
;'(2:-1)
2.2. 21 -
/ () = |jc|, - 1 < : < 1.
. ,
(3), (4). / = 1,
QQ
ai^=2\x cos knxdx = 2
2
2^2
'
,
cosknx
1 2f,(-l)-l
2 n^ti
= 2\ xdx = \,
\ sin knxdx
-5/::
^^0
=^[)'-'].
,
1
2
4 ^cos(2A:-l);rx
7 ' ^ {2-\
=\
2.3. f(x\z=z^
3 < < 3.
. ,
(5), (6). / = 3,
,
2 } X . , : , 2
,
+ \coskxdx
COSA:JC
. = \ sinkxdx =
17 J
"^
3
{
3
9
^ ^
187
,
X 2 ^ ( - 1 ) \^\ . ,;
= ,--smkx.
3 nfî
3
2.4. / ( ) = 1 0 -
5<<15.
. (2),
5 15. = 0,1= 5
1 *^
1
[= 0:
=|(10-): =
Qj^ =j(lO-Jc)cosA: t/x =
(10-jc)sin/rX
-\
sin A: ax
- . cos/: X = 0;
k^K^
5
1
bk=\ (10~x)sinA:X(ix =
(10-x)cosA:X
^
25
^kn
^; ^ 2 5
cos3A:7r + 08::
/::
/
/:;r
25
. , ,
15
-sinA^ x|

5
12_ ( - 1 /
/::
, (5)
10- = ^-sinkx.
fi
5
2.5. f{x) = "",
2 < < 2.
188
15
.
(7), (8). / = 2,

1
-^^
4_V '
J'-f>
{^~\
4.V
2{2-1)
1-2
^(2-i^)_^-(24k.)
(_1)*^2_^-2
2{2-ikn)
2{2-ikn)
ikK
e'-e-^ ^x ^(-1)/
e" =^
2
;t=-oo
-^^
2 ikn
^2
-1
^ =
. / = ,
/ - /
,
ikn
ikn
ikn
-2
^
2-ikK
-^
k{2 + ikK)e^
= (e=-e-=)(-l)*
2 +ikn
X
+{2-ik7t)e
, ;.2_2
\ 4
-^
ikn
ikn
,(-1
""
2 cos k x-kTtsinkx
2
2
2_2
4+:':

e^ =
2e'
i-i
(-"*
2
'4+::
2_2
2cosA:XA:;rsinA:X
2
2
1^
15.3.

1. /() [, ],
- ,

f{x)^^^-Y,a,zo^hc,
(1)
a^^\f{x)zo^bidx,
(^ = 0,1,2,...).
(2)
f {^^)^^^,
(3)
2"
fe^t =j/(x)sinfo:Jx, (/: = 1,2,...).
(4)
^
2. [, /]
/ ( x ) = -^ + |;a,coSityx,
(5)
=\
^. = y } / W c o s A : y x J x ,
(/: = 0,1,2,...).
(6)
(^ = 1,2,...).
(8)
K=-^\f{x)%v!^k^xdx,
190
15
3.1. : ) ;
)
X
0<<,
/w=
71
~<<.
, ) /: = (2)
\xdx-^\{K-x^dx
7 '
.2 \
2 \
( ^1
--
8*
~1
I COSfccc/x+ 1 (: - X) COS/Jx
/
sin be
I sinAxrfx +
10
hi 0
^
sin Ax + [sin/ixd/x
Ir
bi
: 1
:s i n / : +
^ cos A:
2 k" V
2A
2
__2
1 ^
COS -COS
smk
2
, 2k
2 cos /:
2
cos -
/ - 1,3,5,... ^^ = 0; /: = 4, 8, 12, ...

Uj^ = 0; / = 2, 6, 10,... ^ = - 4 , . .
/:, ,
^ 4^0, 2{2 - 1).
191
, (1)
. ._
2 ^ ~ 4 8 2 ( 2 ^ ~ 1 ) _ : 2 ^ ^^^2(2^-1)
^^""î"^;^^
2^(2^-1)'
""i'^tr
{1-\)^
) (3),
(4)
2.
h=
J X sin kxdx + J ( - )sin kxdx

V
/
2
lo
cosfcc + Xzo^kxdx
V
21
n\
ki
cos be
[cosfcc^fx
V kl
,
\ . ,
,
1.,:
cosA: + -T-sinA: +cosA: + ^sinA:
2k
2 k^ 4 . 2^ 2k
2 k^
2
-sin A:,
Tik^
, bj^ = 0. , bj^ 4 (-1)'-'

,
*-1
/ W = -l7!A;rsin(2)t-l)x.
7tt:l{2k-\)
3.2. : ) ; )
/() = < < /.
, ) (8)
2J- . ,; , 2 '
bj^ =\ xsmkxax =
^
, :
/
cos/:[
/

1
V
21_
21
.
2 / . ^..:+1
cosA:: = ( - 1 )
f
\cosk xdx
I
^1
15
192
(7)
2/ )
4^+1
. ,7
X - > - ^ - s m :X.
^
I
) [, J\
(6), (5). : = ,
^0 =\xdx = l;
2
^ / . , : f
^=\ XCOSX = \ sin/:
Ii
I
l\ V
I
2 /
,^ ,
=
r-vcos/:X
/ ^"I

I \ ,7Z
sin/: xdx
{
I
=^()*->)-
= - + -^y.^-^.cosk-x
2 ' k=\
r->.
=-
2 ;r^tr
-T
{2k-\y
15.4.
1.
, [a,a + 27c] [, 2;],
+2
.. 2:- J (p{x)dx=
\(p{x)dx.
/() [, 2\
-,
/ ( x ) = -^- + ^ ( a ^ cos/cc + Z>^ sin ),
2
:=1
(1)
193
^ = [ /(jc)cosfcc(ix;
^
1 ^^
^- I/(x)sin/DCfifcc;
{ = 0,1,2,...),
(: = 1,2,...).
(2)
7 '
2. /() [0,2/]
/w=f+i:
=1
'
'
(3)
* = T J / ( ^ ) C O S A : f / x ;
(: = 0,1,2,...),
(4)
4.1.
/(:)
= < < 27.
h=\\f{xYv!^k^dx;
(^ = 1,2,...).
.
(2). : =
1 ^^
(2 = I xdx^lK,
:
1
. = I X cosfccJjc= ,
I f .
,
if -xcosfcc
b^ = X sm xax =
2:
. 2
+ I cosfocîc = - -
(1)
x=
n-2^smkx.
4.2. /, ,
,
) (. 15.6).
194
15
/
2
U - J
. 15.6
: ) 2-
; ) - .
, )
\
/(0=- [
(0<^<),
{<1<2).
2:-,
(2) [, 2[, ,
[, 2{
1 .
a^=^\Hdt =
1}
=
ti cos
COS ktdt
ktdt =- s m kt
T^Q
1 ^
b =\Hsmktdt =
H . .
kn
= 8:;
TJ
(A: = 1,2,...),
TT
( l - c o s k r ) ; (A: = 1,2,...).
JrTT
JrTT
kn

.
{
/(0= 1 -+- sin cos ^ + (1 - cosT)sin + sin 2 cos It +
1
+ (l-cos2T)sin2/ + ... =
7
(COSA:T-1) =
H^fl
^ (sin/:TcosA:^4-(l-cosA:T)sinA:r)
2

195
^ ^1
. =/sin
'
7.
/:T + (1-COSA:T)

2 .
=v2-2cosA:T =
sm.
sinA:T
^
( , ^
tg?>,= = c t g / : - = tg - ~ i t 1 - cos
2
\^ 2
2^
(pt=-k-.

2
1 .
.
. . ( ^ +smTsm
2t + +
+
sinsm
/
+
2
,4
2
1^ 2 2 ,
1 . .

2
+sinsin Zt + /
h
sin
COS
2 2
4
2
/
1 .

1
+ sinTcos(2r-T)+sincos -
/{&
^ ' ^ 3 2
2^\
> sin
COS
kt
2
2
tlk
2
) = 2/
(4)
2
.,^-JHdt = 2H-;
2 ,
2:: ^ . 2::
^ =|cos
tdt = -Sin;;;-;
.=7i^
sin
(^ = 1,2,...),
2 ^ /
2 \
tdt = 1-C0S
1; (^ = 1,2,...),
J
\
,
2 .

.=
sm
; ,
' 2
2
= ,
196
15
2 .
f{t) = H hsin :cos

:
- +
/
1 .
+.
sin2;rcos 2-2
^ 11 . ,
,f
2
= + > :COSA:
't.k
: ^
.
15*5*
1. f{x)
(-5,<), -
(-~,),

f[x) = \da \
f{x)
f{t)Qosa{t-x)dt.
/(jc) =j
jf{t)cosatdt \cos axda.
f{x)
(2)
^ /
f{x) =
(1)
-UJf{t)smatdt Isin axda.
(3)
V'

da.
(4)
2. (4)
F{cc) = -^]nt)e-'dt
(5)
197
/2: i
F () (5)
f{x), f{x) (6)
F[a
(2) -

Fc{a)
=
J-]f(t)cosatdt,
()=||/"
^
(7)
f {) = J\ F^ {a)cosaxda.
(3) -

Fs(a)
J^\f(t)smatdt,
() == |j/(')s
f{x) = Jl'{Fs{a)smaxda.
^ ^
(5), (7), (8)

t .
5.1. :
a)/W =
sinjc \x\<7t;
\\>7
. ^_J^'" ^^ >0;
["" jc<0, >0.
, ) sin : ,
(3)
"
f(x) = \ sinaxdai sint sinatdt =

^ 0
= \smaxda\[^cos{l-a)t-cos{l-\-a)t^dt
^
198
= -
sin(l-a)/
sin(lH-a)^
\-a
\-\-a
7 J
15
sin axda =
2 7 sin sin ax
11 7f sinaz
sin : sina^
+
Isin axda - I
da,
1 \-a
1+a ]
ni
1-a
6) / ( x ) ,
(2)
/ () = I cos axda I e'""^ cos atdt.
''^ 0

\ ""^ cos atdt
'+'

2 7acosax
^. Z
racosax ,
5.2.
/w=
COS-
pw
||<7,
||>:.
. ,
(7)
V)^
t
F(. () =./J coscosa/fif^
2 1"
V ^71 9J
2'
cos a b + cos +a p Jr =
. f
\
2
.
sin +
sin -+
l-2a
2
l+2a
1-4'
- cos .
16
,

16*1.
1.

f{x, )
(5)
\\f{x,y)dxdy = Jm^^Y;if[^^^yj)^M-
(1)
^^. = (^/+1 --/)(>^+1 "])

, S,

:
,
,
.
2.

200
2()
\dx J
16
îb)
\dy J
f{x,y)dy
(2)
f{x,y)dx.
(3)
,
X , ,
.

, ,
.

,
, .
(2) (. 16.1 )
<<, ^{)<<2{) , ,
, .
d<y<c,
^{)<<2 ()
(. 16.2 ) (3),
, ,
.
, 16,1
201
^)
\
\
Xziy)
J
X
, 16.2
3.
(. 16.3),
jc = S^ 52 S

jjf{x,y)dxdy
{S)
= jjf{x,y)dxdy+jjf{x,y)dxdy
)
= \dx J f{x,y)dy+\dx
V|(x)
\ f{x,y)dy.
2()
. 16.3
^ ^
202
16

(. 16.4),
S S^ S^,

\\ f {x,y)dxdy = ^^ f {x,y)dxdy + ^^ f {x,y)dxdy ^
[S)
(5.)
b
(S,)
x(y)
= \dy J f{x,y)dx-\-^dy
x{y)
f{x,y)dx.
(5)
b
d
. 16A
S
.
dxdy
1 \^^)
b)\dx\{x'-ly^\)dy1 0
2 cos 9
)\\^^1 1 ^
) ]d^|,
oU +2
+1

x+1
= lnIn= ln.
I
m: = ln|x + l|-In|x + 2| = ln
3
2
3
xH-2
J^x + l x-b2j
I I I I
6)
X, ,

|((^^""+>'))^ = J(^^~^^+^)^-^
aee
,4-3^2^
35
12
)
, ,
,

\\dxdy = \dy\dx = Jj; In dy =

1
1
2
= ^y\nydy=^\ny\
1 ^
2 , 1
^-jydy=^-.
r)
16
204
25
lco&^)^rfv,
1> = {;; = 0,
j ; = x',
x = 2};
D = {j; = -jc,
j^=:x\
y = \}\
) \\xydxdy,
Q<y< \\
r)
\\xdxdy,
Z) Ox
x = a ( ^ - s i n / ) , >; = a(l-cos^).
, )
^
^
: =
JJ jccos(x + >')(ijc^'= jx^fjcj cos(jc + ; ^ ) = j ^ ^ ^ ^

D
= j jc sin + JC -sinjc m: = Jx(cosA:--sinx)t/x =

0 V V^
J
J
0
= J jccos jcJx-J xsinxflfx = xsinX~ J sin jciijc + xcosx~ J COSjc^

0
= (jcsinx + cosjcH-jccosjc-sinjc)| =-1-7~1 = - ( 2 + ) .

6) 16.5.

"-
\\{x-\-y)dxdy--\dx\{x^y)dy--\
D
22 /
=1
fifcc =
--
3
^
JC + -
205
. 16 36
= 4 + = .
\dx =
^ 4 "''lO
0\
x=2
. 16.5
) (. 16.6).
{-1.1)
{1,1)
. 16.6
--
^^
(-1, 1), (, 0).
^ (1,1).

206
16
^^xydxdy = ^ydy I xdx = -\^\
dy = - | ( j ' -' )dy =
0
/ 3
-.4
V 3
z_
2 3
24
r) t
2, : 27.
=f{x), ,

I = JI x^xtiy = J xdx J dy.
D
dx = a(l-cos t)dt, dy = a sin tdt

/,
2-
a(l-cos/)
/ = \ a{t-'Smt)a{l-cost)dt
dy =
a^\{t-smt){l'-'COStfdt=^
2K
= ^ J (r-2rcos/ + /cos^/-sin^ + sin2r-sin^cos^^jJ^ =
/
1 ^ 1
2/sin/~2cos/ +
t^cos 2^
^
+
-sm2^
2
2
2 iK
1
1
3
+ cosrcos2r+COS t
= '\
2
3
1.3. 2
+2
: ) \dx\
-1
1
2x
B) \dx\f{x,y)dy\
f{x,y)dy;
) J ^ ' J
.'
-*
\
f{x,y)dx;
^-1
4
T) \dy^f{x,y)dx
0
^-.
1-y
^dy^f{x,y)dx
207
, )
: j^ = x + 2, -^,
= 2, = - 1 (. 16.7).
j ; = x + 2, -!',
>4 (-1,1), (2,4).
-/
Pwc. 76.7
Z) = j^ - 2
X = -^^, = ^/,
,
, D
2
+2
jdx j f{x,y)dy
-1
x^
^ ^^
-1
= jdy j f{x,y)dx-bjdy^
0
-7^
f{x,y)dx,
v-2
6) D
2
x = 2->;,
x = -1,
y = 2, >^ = - 6 (. 16.8).
. 16.8
208
16
=2-
1, 4
(0,2)
5 (8, - 6). D : = 2vjcTl
- 1 < < 0 j ; = 2 - x < < 8 ,
J = -2vjc + l. ,

2
2-
2/1+
2-JC
-2>/I+T
-2N/X+T
B)
= , = 2, = 1, = 2 (. 16.9 ).
,
^ ( 1 , 1 ) ; 5 ( 2 , 2); (2, 4) / ) (1,2).
/{2,4)
D(1.2)
^(2,2)
{1,1)
'.
. 16.9
, ,
: = 1 = --, = 2, = .

S 5^^^ 5^^^.
2
2JC
\dx\f{x,y)dy
\dy\f{x,y)dx'\'\dy\f{x,y)dx.
209
)
jc=0, x = j , ^^=0, J ; = 1 H
(. 16.10 ).
= 0, jc = 2->;, - \
-^
.
1
'
2
<
. 16,10
j = 2 - ,
^ < X < 1,

\
\dy\f{x,y)dx
0
2-
2-
+ \dy j f{x,y)dx = \dx j f{x,y)dy.

1
1.4. \\f{x,y)dxdy
/
(^)
,
S (, 0); (2, 0);
5 ( 1 , 1 ) ; (0,1).
. .
16.11. .
,
=
, -2- X,
,
;;
210
\\f{^.y)dxdy
(s)
= ^dx^f{x,y)dy
0
2-jc
+ ^dx^
16
f{x,y)dy.
C(OJ)
B(IJ)
0(0,0)
A (2,0)
. 16.11

1
\\f{^.y)dxdy
(s)
2->-
= ^dy j
f{x,y)dx.
16.2.
.

1.

: = cos (, = sin (, dS = dxdy
pdpdcp
\\ f {,y)dxdy = f
(coscp,sincp)pdpdcp.
,
5,
.
7_
S (-
=)8(<^3) = Pi (), = 2 () (. 16.12),
, () 2(<)
(pG [, j8] Pi () < 2 (),
llF{p,(p)pdpd(p = jd(p j F{p,(p)pdp,

5
F{p,(p) =
(1)
p,(<p)
f(pcos(p,ps'm(p).
. 16.12
,
, ,
(. ,
, , .

,
.
, ; ,
,
.
2. \\f{x,y)dxdy
, , v,
212
x = x{u,v);
y = y{u,v).
16
(2)
(2)
G
Oûv S .
/ =
\ ^ 0
\ ^
\ Bv\
G /(jc, )
S,
II f {x,y)dxdy = jj f {x{u,v),y{u,v))\l\dudv.
S
.^.
(2)
, G
(3) 5.
2.1. ,
) jdx J .jx'+y'dy; ) ]dy j
^ ^ ^
'
, )
.
JC = cos , =^ sin <,
4
[dx J >/^ + y^dy = {d(pUp^cos^(p + p^sin^(ppdp =
0
2 ^3
-fP
1^
;ra'
213
)
: ^-^-=^^^
;^+/=;;.(. 16.13)
. 16.13
,
= sin (,
/
yjo -
1?
= - i | r f J {a--p')-^d{a'-p'-)
^ J
-l{a'-p')
asin^
d(p =
lasin^
= a\ COS(pd(p = asin(p\2
=a.
1.1. : a)
5 ^ +^ =9
=25;)
^ +
^
Z J , ^
jjXyjx^ + y^dxdy, S
(jc^ + j;^J =^^(^-y^j
(>0);
.) "^^, = , = 2,
7/^'+/
= X, ^ -^ ^ = \
214
16
, )

^j = 3 ^- 5.

2
) ,
^ = ^ (cos^ ( - sin^ (\ p=a^Jcos2(p.
X > , . .
4
,
.
tyJcos2(p
ayJcos2<p
1 \
Ux^x''^ ^y^dxdy^ \ d(p J cos^pVp = J cos^p
d(p =
= j cos(pcos^2^J(p= J cos(p(l-2sin^(p) d(p
,4
= j (cos(p~4cos(psin^<p + 4cos^sin'^^)rf(p:
. sin^ (p . sin^ (p ^
2/2 4
a ^ .
-a .
sin<p-4
+4
.
15
T ^
4
3
5
B) (. 16.14)
.
215
. 16.14
,
. 1 = 2.
4

pcos(p = 2 = COS(p .
1
1^
.1777
2
2
cos^
dxdy
COSfl)
\d(p j pdp=jd(p J dp=jp

0
=1
cos^
2 CCOS
fZ
O S (pd(p
,
COS^
^?> = J - ^1-sin'
:
J
= ln
-(p
d(p =
l + sin^
l-sin()?
1 SI
= ln
^/2^-l
/2-l
2.3. \\f(x,y)dxdy,
:
4'
5
^ = aj;, x^=by, ^ = , y^=qx {0<a<b,
0<p<q),
216
16
U.VVL
.
. : ^ =,
^ = VX, x = u^v^,
2 ~- - = - ^v\
3
y=û^v^.
1
-==-u^v
av 3
dv

2 - 1 5 1 u^v
' ^'
^v^
I{u,v) = 3
3
-.
_2 2
--
9~3'
-
^
3 ^v^ u^v
3
: -, = , v =, v = 9 S G
Cfuv (3)
llf{x,y)dxdy
-, b
= -jjf(x{u,v),y{u,v))dudv
2.4. : ) [ |./1 - ^^xdy^

7 V
b
2
S + ^ = 1;
b
) J J xydxdy, S = ^,
S
= ^, ^ = , ^= (0<<,
0<<),
, )
X = cos(jO, y = bpsm(p.
217
|aCOS(2)
-<2psin(2)|
/(,( =
.
^ ^
^ =ai'p.
psincp bpcoscp I
: 0<(<2, 0 < < 1 .
,

2
'
jUl-^-^dxdy
^
S ^
= ab] d(p]p^^dp =
"/-"')
= .
3
) = ^, ^ - , 2
x = w ^t;^
y-u^v^.
/(,) =
4I
2 -- 5
1
5
^ 6 3
W ^V^
_i _2 =
^V ^
6-14
1 -? -?
25 î; ^ +
25W ^ ^ = 5^^;
5
5
:
=, =, v = , v = q.
S
G (Xuv. (3)
\\xydxdy = J^wjw ^^^w ^ ^v = \ d u \ u ^ =
5
1 b
_n
/"
6 8
8
8
q^ p^ |M
( --
48 r
V
'
_6 Y
-^
-a ^ \q^ -p^
16
218
16.3.

1.
, Z),
S = \\dxdy.
(1)
D
({)<<\1/{),
b
v(^)
S = ^dxjdy.
<<,
(2)
(()
2.

S = jj\l\dudv,
(3)

\
/ =
^ G.
, G
<(< , /(()<<1/((),
S=\\pd(pdp=\d(p
G
1 pdp,
(4)
f{<p)
3.
z = z(^x,y),
^=,
dxdy.
(5)
..
219
D .
,
= : (, z),
(6)
D Oyz\
= {, z),
'-
dxdz.
(7)
D Oxz,
3.1. ,
: ) = Vjc, >? = 4vx = 1;) = 1, - = \, : =
= -2.
, ) (. 16.15.).
. 16.15
(2)
1
4>/1
S = \dx \ dy = 3\yjxdx = 2x = 2.
VI
) , (. 16.16.).
16
220
. 16.16
,
,
= - I.

*"
S = ldyl
-1
-1
\+
*'
dx'hjdy\dx
= j{e'-{l
-1
+ y))dy + le'dy =
-2
-1
+ '
1
2
1-1
3.2. , :
) p = a{l-cos(p),
= ;
) ( / ) ' = / ; ) / = 4 , = / ( > 0 , J ; > 0 ) B
; ) "^ = ^ (^ - ^).
, ) . 16.17.
=(/-5)
. 1617
221

.
(4)
fl(l--COS^)
S-\d(p
It
p(ip = j f a ^ ( l - c o s ^ ) ^ - a M J ^ =
a^ | ( - 2 c o s 9 + cos^^)^^ = -2sin^|^ +f(l+cos2^)<i^
+ sm2^
7V
a
=
1
S =
2
) ,
.
x = pcos<p,
y = psin(p: ^ =p^(cos'*^ + sin'*9) ^ =cos^ (p-^sin"^ (.
(4)
2
(cosV+sinV)-
S=jd(p
0
j
0
Pdp=-j(clcos'^
=^ .4(1, /),
X^-4JC'+3 = 0
(1).
=>
222
16
. 168
A^^B,^^ tg j8 = =
1
1
71
tg = = , .
/
6
3
jcy = v3 ,
/
. . pcos(ppsin
sin<pcos^ I
If
pdp = -:-]p'^
d(p
7
sin<jocos^
: / f
d(p
_ / t/ tg _
3 2 J sin (jO cos <)!> 3 2 i tg(p
sin COS (
=f-^J"M n_
6
: >/
3
/,
= ^^^1.
3 2
)
^ = ^ [^ -^ j , ^ > ^.
^ cos^ > ^ sin^ <
\%(<-. tg<p<
3
3
223
: <<<
^ ^ (. 16.19).
6
/6
-\
. 16.19

71
0<(<.
6
flf^(cos^(jf>-3sin^(jo)
=
. ,
cos
a(cos^ (p-3sm^ <
S = 4Jd(p
9 f cos^(p-3sin"(Z) ,
pdp = 2a^j
J
T^d(p =
;J cos 0,
>0, >, > .

, ) ,
,
= cos^ , y = psm^(pu
224
16
I cos^ (p - cos^ 9 sin ^ I

|sin^) = 3p sin^ <p cos^ (p.
, ,
(3)
1
^ 2
- 5 ' = 3 | J(jo[psin^^cos^(p(ip=
\s\n^2(pd(p =
2 1 2
1
J(l-cos4(p)J<p = ^ a ' ^
8 2
8
3
5" = - .
8
) , v = ^,
i
_i
X = . x = uv^, y = uv ^,
V^
UV
/ =
--
UV ^ +UV
V ^
' ) = -UV
i
UV ^
: <<
<v<a. (3)
S = jdujuv-4v
= In
2^
'
3.4. : ) ^ =^ +z^,
^+^=^; )
^ +^ + z^ = 2^, ^ =^ -i-z^;
) ^ -^ -2^ ^^^
(x4/f=a^(x^-/).
, )
-I X
1+
9z
7^^^7'
= .1+
225
V ? ^ '
x'-''^''
4ix
- / ^/?^
, ,
,
^ +^ =^ , .
D.
,

S
= 8N/2 JJ
xdxdy
^14^^'
: = pcos^, j^ = psin^,
2sin^(p = ^^
= 0,
^ = 0|
dt
= 4a'\
4sm(pcos(pd(p = 2tdt, Jc =, t = l
iî
4
= 4^ arcsinnlo =2a^7i,
6) ,
= V 2^ -^ -z^
226
16
(7), D Oxz.
,
Oxz -z -.
= ,
X
^
, , = /
Z
,
z"
S = 2f[Jl+
= 1\
-^
.
, ^,
^"^^
D 12
^dxdz =
X z
,
S = 2a.f2j]-fpl^
= -2aj2.2n-]{2a'-p')~^d{2a'-p')
-
1
) z = 'sja^ -^

dz
X
dz
^'-'-''
-^
^'-'-''
,

dxdy
Aa\\-^=^=
^'-'--'
^
,
^ =^ cos 2(,

5 = 4ffjl+ , \
J^JV '-'-/
,^
, \
'-'-'
dxdy =
"
227
\ayJcos2(p
d(p =
= 8'(V2cos(p + (p)h = 8 ' | I - V 2 + - 1
16.4.
,
z = f(x,y),
Z =
,
S (. 16.20),
V=
jjf{x,y)dxdy.
(1)
z=f(x .)
X/
<:"
. 16.20

() .
228
16
4.1. , :
) z^ = , X = , = , -,
= 0\
) y = ^fx, ; = 2/; x + z = 3, z = 0;
B ) X ^ + J ^ ^ = 2 X , z = ax, z = bx
[a>b);
r) x^ + j ; ^ + z^ = i^ x^+y^ =Rx ( ).
, a) , ,
z = ^, = ,
= . . 16.21.
. 16.21
,
(1)
4
= \yjxy dx =
V = lU^fxydxdy = 2\yfxdx\yjydy
=^ \yjxdx = a^x^
3 J
9
'.
9
) = ^/
= 2/, + z = 3, z =
(. 16. 22). ,
(1)
2v&
J/= ( 3 - )cicflTy = J(3 - jc)fltc Jflfv= J

D
229
3\
54
/o
18
5
12/
5
. 16.22
) z =
Z = .
(. 16.23.).
. 16.23
230
16
.
(1),
,
Z = , z-ax\iz = bx,
. ,
V = V^-V2 = Uaxdxdy- Ubxdxdy = [a-b)\\xdxdy.
s
s
s
S ,

= cos , = sin (.
= 28.
2cosflJ
2 28
V = 2{-')\
\ ^^ cos(pdcpdp
=2{a-b)\cos(p\
d(p =
16
^
2
= ( - b ) \cos"^(pdcp = (-b) \(\ + 2cos2(p + cos^2(p)d(p
^
2
1^4
f 1
+sm2(p + U\ + cos4(p)d(p
= -{a-b)
2
V
= (-).
) ,
^ +^ =Rx ^ +y^+z^ =R^ (. 16.24).
-(-)
. 16.24
231
1 = jj7i?'-x'-/d!xJ;;.
S ,
. (
= i?cos^.
Rcos
R'
n__l_
2 3
4,2. , :
z^-=a^
)z^-x'=fl^
^ '
>^'
^'
2 = /2;

) z -^ ^ = 1, ^ = 2, J^^JC, 7 = 2:, z = 0 (jc>0, >^>0).
, )
.
(. 16.25).
= %\[R^ -x^)dx = %{R^x--xA

0
=R\
Jo
"^
232
16
. 16.25
)
z = av2 (. 16. 26).
.
Oyz,
>/2
V = 4Jdz
yjz'-a'
J ylz^-a^dy = 4 J {z^-a^)dz
= 4-
/2
ayfl
^
=4
v3
az
.
= V(2_V2).
. 16.26
) .
. -
233
, x = a p c o s ^ , >' = fepsin^,
/ = .
I
2~
= 8 c J l - ^ - ^ r f x r f y = %\\^\-^^^( - p^sin^cppdpdcp =
= 86J/<[(l-^)2 / = -abc\d(p = .
0
-^
-^
) , = , = v,
X = I, = \luv.
1 1
/ =
2 yjiw
2\u
2v'
__L IZ 1 IZ
2viv
2\v

, 2 2
dudv =
4-'
1
.
2 ^/ = - ( 2 / 2 - 1 ) - 2 2 +2v^
v^(2>/2-l).
16*5*

1. , 5
,
m=\\5{x,y)dxdy,
(1)
234
16
5{^^
2.

m^=^^8{x,y)ydxdy,
S
^ =
\\5i^x,y)xdxdy.
(2)

^=-^'
^^
(3)
.
3.

S
(4)
Io=lAK=\\5{^,y)[^"+/)dxdy.
s
/Q ,
,
.
,
5 (,>^) = 1.
4. ,
Oz, z = z(x,;;),
5,

235
^. =-jjz^dxdy,
^^ =jjyzdxdy,
m^ =jjxzdxdy.
^ s
s
s

w
= \\zdxdy
^
^
^ =
(5)
(6)
=-
5.

^xz = \\y^zdxdy,
ly^ = j^x^zdxdy.
s
s
Oz
(7)
(8)
5.1. ,
= = 6,

.
. ,

X
^ + =
= \ 1"
1-= 1
y^tfl
b
[
^
(1), ,
(. 16.27)
= 11 bcJxdJy = ^ I xdx \ dy = \\
= kb
^'
dx =
236
16
5.2. ,
: ) -^,
= 2, = 0\ 6) ^ = ^ - "^
( > 0 ) ; ) = (1 + 8().
, ) .
16.28. , ,
(1)
2
m=\dx\dy=\x^dx
= .
. 16.28
(2)

1 2
^ ^^xdxdy
.4
\ xdx ^ \{ y^dy = ,
>/v
^\dy
237
(3)
_^ _ 6
'"
~~ ^ *
2'
5
) X > ,
(. 16.29).
^ = 0.
. 16.29

1
/^
m = 2Jdx j dy = -j{l-x^yd{l-x^)
0
=-
JCN/?
^= \\xdxdy = 2\xdx
0
x = sinr,
= 0, ^ = 0
dx = costdt,
x=L
t=\
\ dy = 2\x^yl\'-x^dx
-Jsin^2rc/^ = -j(l-cos4/)6f^ = ,
238
16

_
^ =
16
)
(. 16.30), ^ = 0.
. 16.30

m = J J dxdy; m^ = J J xdxdy.
s
s

x = pcos(p;
y = psm(p,
a(l+cos<p)
= \\ pdpdcp = 2\d(p
=a
\
U
jc
pdp = aÛl + coscpf d(p =

1 - 2
= na.
l + 2sin(jO + (p-^-sm (p
,0
a(l+cos^)
my = \\ pcos(ppdpd(p = 2\cos(pd(p
p^dp^
- a^ J (cos (- cos^ ^ + 3 cos^ (p + cos"^ (p)d(p =
la'
3
239
1 . ,
sin<pH- < + sin2(p + 3 sin(psinîp +
1/
1 .
+ - ( + sin 2 + < + sin 4^
= ;.
4
, 5
m 6
5.3.
^(0, Id), {, 0) {, ).
. . 16.31.
(,)
, 16.31
V4JB: + = 1 7 = 2 ( - ) ;
2
-
-
_
:
=
= 2-.
-
(4)
2-
Iy = \\x^dxdy=\x^dx
\ dy=\x^dx =
S
2(-)
4
5.4. /^, / , /Q
, = 0, = , = 0 = ,

.
240
16
. ,
5{^,)-^ -^, (4)
2
b
X
+-
= ^
9 1,
-
^ \dx = a^b
+3
5 9
/ = jj(^' +;^')' dxdy = JrfxJ(x' + 2 ' / + /)dy =
J \
= ]\% + -''--
dx = ab
,5
5.5. ,
: ^--^
-0\ ) ^ = cos2(.
, ) . 16.32.
-2
'
. 16.32
(4)
-"-
-2
4-^
=^](4x'-x'+-(4-x'f\lx
416
+3-4
-2
=
64
4'
3
64
+
3
241
'
5
1^
3
dx =
316 3
3
4-4+--1=47,54.
5
3^
) (. 16.33)
'^
. 16.33
(4)
,
4
a^<Ms2<f>
/^ = \\{^ + y^)dxdy = jjp^dpd(p = 4Jd(p j p^dp =
= a"^ J cos^ 2(pd(p = (p +sm4(p
5.6.
, : ^ + j ^ = ^^ z = ,
z = 0.
. . 16.34.
(5)
242
16
. 16.34
/7^
1
^ S
^ -
^ 0 0
m^, = \d(p\p^ sin^ <prf^ = a n
4 -
w^._ = \d(p\p^ sm(pcos(pdp =|sin^Jsin(p

0
=0
3 :
/>
m = Uzdxdy = \d(p\ p^ sin (pdp = J sin (pd(p = a^

, (6)
^
=0,
'
, z=
'
16
'
.
32
5.7.
2
2
^
1^ - + 2 "'" ~ ~ ^
.
243
. , 2
z=cJl-
X^
2 '
:
I 2
X = , = , = \1 -X
(5) -
b
yja
-X
=vj ' ^ dy =
' ' J
be
\](a'-x'jdx
'
16
âbc\
rii"
-/ -X
a
m.
:jdx J
^
I
i-i ' y''

b'
a
cb 2
,_l_z!'^
a
dy^
{"
dx
cb^
j{a^^x^ydx=~ab^c.
3a'
, m,^ =a^bc.
'" 16
6=1,
71
(4.2.) V = .
6
, (6)
^=1,
y^=h,
z^=lc.

(7)
/^ (8)
244
16
P
I^=jl/zdxdy = -]y'dy
S
-x^dx =
2\
^
dy = nab^c.
15
I^^ = iix^zdxdy =Tta^bc.

s
^^
,
16*6.1^
1.

f(x,y,z)

V
j\jf{x,y,z)dxdydz
)
= Jirn^^ X S X /(^.'>''^*)^.(1)
-^0
max Az^ -^0
Ax.Ay^.Az^ =(x-î-x.)(>^^.î->;^.)(z^î-zj
,
F.
F /(x,jv,z)
(1)
Ax-AyÂz^^,,
,
/ (, j^, z),
.
245

.
2.

\\\f{x,y,z)dxdydz^^dx
\ dy ^ f{x,y,z)dz.
^2)
^)
z,
(, )
.
, ,
(, ). ,
,
,
.
3. ,
, Z , v ,w,
x = x{u,v,w),
y = y{u,v,w),
z = z{u,v,w).
(3)
(3) -
G
OuvwH2i Oxyz.
/ =
dz
dv
dv
dz
dv
dw
^0
dw
dz
dw
G /[x^y^z)
,
246
\\\f{x,y,z)dxdydz
16
=jjJ/(x(w,y,w),j^(M,t;,w),z(w,u,w))|/|Ji/Jt;fi?w.
(4)
(3)
, G (4)
V.

x,y,z
p,(p,z (. 16.35),
x = p c o s ^ , j ; = psin(p, z = z
(0<<+, 0<(<2,
-oo<z<-l-oo),

|cos9 - p s i n ^
/ = sin^
pcoscp
0|
=,
l|

\ljf
{x,y,z)dxdydz
= jjjf
{pcoscp,psincp^z)pdpdcpdz.
(,,2)
. 16.35
(5)
247
, , z
,(, (. 16.36), x,y,z
= psin0cos(p, j ; = psin0sin(p, z = pcos0
(0<p<-l-oo^ 0 < < 2 , 0<<),

|sin0cos^
/ = sin0 sin ^
I COS0
-psinSsin^
p sin 0 cos (p
0
pcos0cos^|
p cos0 sin (p\ = p^ sin^,
-psin^ I

j\\f{x,y,z)dxdydz
=
V
= J j j / ( p s i n 0 c o s ^ , psin0sin(p, 8)^ sinOdpdcpde. (6)

(,,0)
. 16.36
1
6.1. : )
2
ylYx
j
0
dy^z^x^+y^dz;
0
Vl-x^
^/i-7-7
) jJjc j ^ j
0
\dx\dy\xyzdz;
0
) jdx
yjx^+y^+z^dz.
, a)
.
, z,
248
^ \
^ 1
16
JC
^ 0 0
, .

^ 11
1^
4
i- 11
/ = | dx = '-\x^dx = .
2J 4 I
Si
48
6)
. ,
z,
^2-^
2 1^
2 2
yllx-x^
I = jdx J /?+/ dy =jdx J

0
^10
yp+^dy,

. 16.37. =^ pcoscp,
j ; = sin (jf),
22 22
2cos^
^cos^
/ = {d(p { p^dp^
^ 22 2
\cos^(pd(pâ^\i^-sm^(p)ds\n(p
a siiKpsm <p
= a.
9
249
) . 16.38.
,
. ,

/^++ z^ = ^ ( p s i n 0 c o s ^ ) V ( p s i n 0 s i n ^ ) ^ + ( p c o s 0 ) ^ =
, (6)
,
2
/ = JJJp. 2 sinddlpdcpde = Jsin0J0J JtpjpVp =

1 2
= -jsinedejdq)
= ^jsinede
= -,
. 16.38
6.2. : a) jj j -
dxdydz
-,
Fo6-
V (JC + J^ + Z + I)
,
X + j ; + Z = 1; ) VJJJ dxdydz, V , . ^2
X + .2 +Z
= 2Rz, -hy =z
250
(, , 7?); ) JJJ zdxdydz,
16
V ,
^ +^ = z^ Z = .
, ) .
16.39.
. 16.39

1
dxdydz
>-\\\-
(x + j + z + 1)
\-
\-x-y
\dx\dy ]
0
dz

0 {x + y + z + \)
xviy ,
z
\-x-y
1 ' , '7
\-
-kl^\
{+ + \)
2J^4^
^ 2
dy =
1
+
[^4 x+y + \j
=41
+\)
21
\-
dx =
251
) jc^ + +(z-7?) =/?^,

, z i?.
,
, (. 16.40).

/ = jj^dxdydz = jjj ^ sin edpdOdcp,
. 16.40
,
=2R cos 0. ,
IRcosd
1= jdcpjsinede
J p^dp=
jd(pjcos'esmede
/.
cos 0
3-4
SR3
jd(p=7tR^
0
) ^ + ^ = h^
(. 16.41).
,
252
16
,
^ 2
'
h'n
. 16.41
16*

1. , V,

V = ^\\dxdydz
(1)
, F,
= JJJ 5(jc,>',z)d[x^'(iz,
(2)
5(jc,>',z) (x,>^,z).
2.

253
m^y^^^^b{x,y,z)zdxdydz\
V
,, = JjJ 5 (,;;, Z ) >' dxdydz\

(3)
V

^c
>
^c ~
'
(4)
m
m
m
m - .
3^.
I, = \\\S{x,y,z){y^
-^z^)dxdydz;
I = \\\S[x,y,z)(x^
-{- z^jdxdydz;
l,=j\\S{x,y,z){x^+y')dxdydz.
(5)
4^.
I^,=lS{x,y,z)z'dV;
I,,=\S{x,y,z)y'dV;
V
I,,=jd{x,y,z)x'dV,
(6)
dV = dxdydz.

h-I^+L+Iy.=\5{x,y,z){x'+/-^z')dV.
(7)
5. V
(x,y,z)
254
16
< 5 ( M ) = 5 ( X , 3 ; , Z ) ,

F A(^x^,y^,z^), , ,
,
,
F,=l^5dV;
V
F^=jyZl^5dV;
= yj[x-x^f
+{y-ycf
F,=j^8dV,
'
(8)
'
MA.
+{z-^cf
6. .
V 5

W=^\^.
V
(9)
'
,
5(x,>',z) = l.
7.1. , :
a ) z = jc^+j;^,
2-=^-2^,
= ,
-2,
= 1;
) ^ + j^^ = z^, ^ -^ -z^ =^, ;

B ) ( x 4 / + z ' =^; ) + f 7 + = -fr^
^
, )

V = \\^dxdydz.
V

Z = X + 2>^ Z = ^ + j;^.
. 16.42. ,
,
1
Jc^+2/
V = jdxjdy
255
j dz = jdxjy^dy = -jlx'dx =
/
12
. 16.42
) . 16.43. ,
,
,
7
V = 2JJjp^ sinedpdedcp = 2Jd(pjsmede^p^dp

2
= ^ j c o s 0 d(p =
'(
. 16.43
4i^
256
16
) ^ -^^ -z^,

x = psin0cos^,
j ; = psin0sin(p,
z = pcos0.

= aîndcoscp.
yuz ,
Oxz
. , > , . .
,
.
0<<
2'
0<(<. (1)
2
I = ^sin(p,
V = 4Jdejd(p
0
2a' b ,
a^sme_CQS<p
p^sm9dp=
.^4 , .
j{l-cos2e)de
"-^
^ ?
j sin^ Odd j cos (pd(p =

0
'
3 0
r)
2
X
2
Z
+ -Y +

= sin0 cos^, y = bp sin0 sin 9, z = cp cosO,
/ = abcp^ sin .

. 2 ^
/.
= -71~sii^ cos sin ( cos (.

,
V = SJd(pjde
. 2

7"Sn 0 COS sin ) COS
h^
257
abcp^ sin edp =
4 -
8(abc)
{abc)'
^ - |sin^(pcosV(i(pfsin^0cos^0rf0 =
7.2. : a) ,
x + y + z = a, = 0, = 0, z = 0,
z ; )
^ -^ ^-z^ =R^
^ + j ; ^ + z^ = 4/?^,
.
, ) . 16.44.
5 i^x,y,z) = z, ,
(2),
-
a-x-v
= \\\ zdxdydz = I dx \ dy zdz =ldx \ (--)

V
f
"-0
^
= 21 ( - ^ ) V - ( a - > ' ) / + Y
. 16.44
dy =
0
1 '^
dx = -\{a-x)'dx
=^.
258
16
)
yjx^ + ^ -{-z^,
S[x,y,z)=
===. (2) -
,
2
2R
= ^sinOcipdedcp = JdcphinOde J pdp =

G P
In
\n
dip =
0
6KR'
lo
7.3. ,
: x + j + z = l , = 0, >^ = 0, z = 0.
. (2)
1-JC
\-x-y
m=\dx\dy
0
\-
\ dz =\dx \ {l-'X-y)dy
=Ul-'x)
^ 0
dx =.
"
(3)
1
1-JC
1-JC-;'
m^ = jdxjdy j zdz = -jdxj{\-x-yfdy

0
1-JC
^
\-x-y
^z'=\dx\ydy
0
1
. 1
= --j{\-xfdx = ;
^0
\-
-j
^^
1
-J
j 6/z = jt/x j > ; ( l - x - : ^ ) t / v = - j ( l - x ) ^ ^ x = ;
1-JC
I-J:-;'
^ 0
1-JC
^ 1
^ ^
^
m^,^= J :(ixJ fify J c/z = jx(ix j (l-x-j^)(iy = j x ( l - x ) tic = .

0
^ Q
24
, (4)
1. ^ + +z^ =2az,
-
259
.
. Oz
. , , ^ ^
0.
5 -
dxdydz
V 7^4/HV

F,
2-
2acos0
= \dcplsinOde
0
In
[ pdp = 2a^ {d(p]sinecosÔdO =

(3)
- "'
zdxdydz
V \jX +J^ +Z
2acos0
-COS Ud cose=
J
15
, z^ =.
7.5. Oz ,
z^ = 2, z = , ^ + j ; ^ = .
. Oz

I^=jjj[x^+y^)dxdydz
260
16
(. 16.45)
,
acos^
I^=2\d(p
0
lax
acosip
\ pdp
{ (^x^ -\-y^)dz = 2\d(p
2^/2^-2a^}
-\cos^(pcos^(pd(p=
9
\ p^ yjlap cos (pd p =

0
^1(^1-sin (pjdsm(p = -
135
. 16.45
7.6. : a)
R , ; )
; )
.
, ) ,
. 16.46.
. 16.46
261

^ ^ = ^ ~ ^
=^>
- yjx^ + j ; ^ + z^.
F^ F
. Oz
(8), , 5 = 1
2
zdxdydz
^==1
'' ( x 4 / + z')2
2;r
"(x^Z+z^)
= -\d<p\
/?7/+?
zdz
\d(p\pdp\
R
Pdp =
pdp = J c/<pj
P
= 27t(p-^lp^+h^\
=2{ R +
yjp'+h' ^
h-^JR'+hA.
6)
(9)
W = ]dz\[
dxdy
2 , ,.2 , 2
_ f ^^ ^,^ f
= jdzldcpj-
yjx + +Z
'J
pdp
__
1 , Jl
0 VP
+^
= 2njUR^ +z^ -z\dz = 7chUR^ +h^ -h]+7cR^ In
h + ylR^+h'
R
)
, (6),

2
I^=\\\z4V^\d(p\pdp\z4z
'3
D2
h^ 2;
h'R' 7 ,
7th'R^
d(p =
.
-\d<p\pdp
262
16
6.8.
. .
/(, ) L.

/ /2,..., /^,
. S^
^^^1{^^^^^
max /^ ->
,
L, . td.,

f{M) = f{x,y) L
\f{x,y)dl=
\\
/{,,
1=\
dl .
L

{f{x,y,z)dl=
lim
5^/(x,,>^.,z.)A/..
'=1
2. .
L = ( {),
L
\f{x,y)dl
= ]f(x,(p{x))^\
+ {(p'{x)fdx,

x = x{t),
y-^y{t)
{a<t<p),
\f{x,y)\dl\.
263
\f{x,y)dl^\f{x{t\y{t))4^^dt.
L
,
dl = /^ -f ^ \dt\.

/ (jc, , z)
. L
= (), y = y{t),
z = z{t)
(a</</3),
jf{x,y,z)dl
jf{x{t),y{t),z{t)yx^+y^+z^dL
3. .
1.

\f{x,y)dl=\f{x,y)dl.
2.
^Cf{x,y)dl = C^f{x,y)dl, const.
L
3.
\{f,{x,y)f,{x,y))dl
L
\f,{x,y)dl\f,{x,y)dL
L
4. L Lj
L^,
\f{x,y)dl =
L
L,
\f{x,y)dU\f{x,y)dl
L,
4. .
{, ) Q{x, )
L. -
264
16
/. (/ = !,...,)
{, ) Q{x, )
5 = ( ^ ( ^ " - > ' / ) ^ / + (^/'->'')>^/)' ^^^ ^/./ /^ .

max . > max Aj^^ >
,
L, .
/., P[x,y)dx + Q[x,y)dy

lP{x,y)dx-^Q{x,y)dy
Jm^^J^{P{x^^^^^

a = P{x,y,z)l-^Q{x,y,z)j
+ R{x,y,z)k
L
^(adl)^^Pdx^Qdy^Rdz,
L
(// J dl ,
L
, ,
j[adJ) = jP{x,y)dx
I
+ Q{x,y)dy.
5. .
L = ([),

b
jP{x,y)dx-\-Q{x,y)dy
= j[p{x,(p{x))
(p\x)Q{x,(p{x)))dx,
265
L
x = x{t),
y:=y{t)^
a<t<,
jP{x,y)dx-\-Q{x,y)dy
x=x(/), y=y{t),
z=z[t),
a<t < ,
jP{x,y,z)dx
+ Q{x,y,z)dy
+ R{x,y,z)dz
+R(x{t),y{t),z{t))z{t))dL
.
6. .
1.

j Pdx + Qdy = -jPdx-\-Qdy.
2.
J Pdx + Qdy = j Pdx-\- J Qdy,

AB
AB
AB

.
8.1. :
) Ux + y)dl,
^
) \xydl,
1
L ^ (1, 0) 5 (, 1);
2
L - + ^ = 1,
'
266
16
) | x^J/, L -
^ +^ =^: ) |
:;-, L
{x^+y^+z^
x = acost, y = asmt, z-bt\ ) Hx-\-y)dl,
L
L ^ -^-^ -\-z^ =R^ ^ = ^-,

; ) \{- 2y)dl,
L: ^ + '^ =4,
, )
. .
,
-0
-1
=
; ^- + ,
: = - 1 , dl = J\ + {y'fdx = ^dx, :
1-0
0-
j{x + y)dl = j{x-x
+ \)yf2dx = yl2x\ =/2.
) :
x = acost, y = bsint, x' = -asinty y' = bcost,
dl = '^xf-^yfdt = yja^sin^t + b^cos^tdt.

2
\xydl = J afesintcostala^ sin^ t + b^ cos^ t dt =

L
0
2
= ab\smtJa^ ^m^t + b^ (l -sin^ t^dsmt =

ab
j^(a'-6')sin'/ + fe't/sin'/ =
2o
267
\[(' -b^)sm' t + b'J d[[a' -b')sm' t + b') =
2(a^-6^)i
ab
[{a'-b')s\n4
[^-^)
ab
/ -L , i \
3(a'-b'y i-'-f'h
+ b')'
ab a^-hab-hb^
a+b
B) : = p c o s ^ ,
3; = sin (.
= , dl = ^^ + p'^dq) = yla^ + Od(p = ad(p.

\x^dl =\^ cos^ (padcp = ^ \--{\ + cos2(p)d(p =
(
1 . ^
(p +sm2(p
) ,

dl = ^jx^^-y'^-^z^dt = yja^ sin^ + ^ cos^ t + b^dt = yja^+b^dt.

dl
x+3;+z
7
yla'^b'dt
^(3 cos t-â sin t + b t
^'
dt
2^2
0 ^ "^b't
iK
= -^Ja^+b^
^^
, =-
arctg
ab
- arctg-
) :
x = pcos^sin0,
j ; = psin^sin0,
z = pcos0.
268
16
-^
V~~7 :
jc = p c o s 0 ,
;; =
pcosO,
z = psm0.
, ,
= R .
,
dl = J-R^smê + -R^smê +
V2
2
,
Rcose
R^cosêde=Rde.
+RcosO Rde = y/2R^ j cos de =

2
= V2/?'sineh
io
=^R\
e) : x = pcoscp,
y = p sin (p. (. 16.47) :
p^=4psin<p,
p=4sin<p,
p ' = 4cos^.
. 16.47

dl = yjp^ +(')^ ^> = v^^sin^ + 16cos^ (pd(p = 4d(p.
269

J(x + ly^dl = 4 j ( p cos <p + 2p sin (p)d(p =
0
= 4 j 4 sin (p cos (pd(p + 8 j 4 sin^ (jorfcp =

'rl-cos2(p
32 J
?( =
= -16 cos (p
= -8(1-1) + 16: = 16:.

8.2.
/ = \ydx-^x{y
x^dy
: ) J = ; ) j ^ = 9; (9(0, 0), 1(1, 3).

, )
.
dy = 3dx ,
/ = J3xdx + x{3x-x)3dx
= 3J[x + 2x^)dx = \-x^+2x^
/I
) = ,
dx-ydy
'1 ,
^3
/
4
/ ^
9-5
73
20'
8.3. I ^Slx-y^^dx
+L
, = 0, = 0, = 2,=\.
270
16
. ,
(. 16.48).

2
/=:j + j + j + J = j j c r f x + j ( 2 ~ / ) 0 + J ( x - l ) d ^ + j ( 0 - / ) 0 =
( J^
^1-1^1^1,
/2
Fuc. 16.48
8.4. / = J ydx + zdy + xdz : a)
; ) ABC, 0(0,0,0), ^(,0,0), (,,0),
{,,).
, )
. ,
1 ^ -^ ,

^2
-^1
^-^1
^2-^1
, = ^ = . (2
1^
/
: x-at, y-at, Z- at. : dx
= adt,dy = dt, dz = dt,
t,

l^^(a^t^-a^t-Va^t)dt
271
3
Za^^tdt^-a^.2
) ABC
^ ^ J + 1 + J
,
,
: = at, = 0, z = ,
:y = at, = , z = 0,
:z = at, = , = .
: dx - dt, dy = dt, dz = dt
t,
1
I = J0'adt'hJ0adt'hja^dt
0
= a\
cx^dy-y^dx
8.5. / = J
^ ^ ^ ^+^
X = 8cos^ t; = 8sin^ t .4(8,0) JB(0,8).
.
dx = -24 cos^ t sin tdt, dy = 24 sin^ t cos tdt
/
^ 8^ 3cos^^sin^^cos/ + 8^-Ssin^^cos^^sin^ , ._ . 2
2 i.
/=
^
7
dt =48 sln^^cos^^f
{
2^cos7 + 2^sin^^
{
t
",
2. 1
2. 1
/ = 48J-sin'2/J^ = 1 2 J - ( l - c o s 4 / ) J / = 6 tsin 4/
4
4
i2
272
8.6. / = \ ydx-xdy,
2
16
+L
.
: = acost; = bsint.
dx = - sin tdt; dy = b cos tdt
t
I = \-bsintasint
acostbcostdt =
-ab\dt.
+L
+L

,
2, . .
2:
/ = ^ \ dt = -2.
8.7. / = {yzdx + zxdy + xydz, L

= cost, y = asint,
.
dx = -asintdt,
dy = acostdt,
z = bt.
dz = bdt
/,
2
I = \(-asmtbtasint
+ btacostacost
+ acostasmtb)dt
= ^[ tcos2t +sin2t \dt =

2
= a'b t'sinlt
2
V
10
^ 2
If
1
sin2/J/cos 2/
A
29 J
^ 0
2;r
= 0.
273
xy(ydx-xdy)
8.8. / = ^
^-, L
X +
^ = ^ cos^ (.
. : = cos ;
y = psm(p, : dx=-p sin (pdcp; dy = p cos (pdcp,

- p^sin(pcos(p(-p^sin^(jr)-p^cos^(j9)
I= I
-'^^'
cos'^cp + p Sin

,
2
I=^ \cos^ cpdcoscp=cos^^
=0.
16.9.
.

1.
J Pdx + Qdy ,
, Pdx + Qdy
.
D ,
, , .
D

{, ),
274
16
j Pdx+Qdy = U{B)-U{A),
(2)
. . U (, )
, D.
,
, /), .
2.
J Pdx + Qdy-\- Rdz ,
,
Pdx + Qdy + Rdz
.
__ _
^__

dz
dz
, ,
J Pdx + Qdy + Rdz = {)-(),
(3)
(4)
. . U (, , z)
5 4 .
.
(, ) dU = Pdx + Qdy, (1)
, U (, )
ANB (.
16.49) , .
AM - y^VL ( = , AN = XQ,
dx = Q.
21
N(x,^y)
(,)
,)
(,)
. 16.49
AM ,
U{x,y) = \p{x,y,)dx+\Q{x,y)dy
+ C,
(5)
+ C.
(6)
ANB,
U{x,y)=\Q{x^,y)dy
+ \p{x,y)dx
dU =
dx +
dy,
dx = Pdx,
dy = Qdy,
, ,
,
U = lPdx + C{y),
U = lQdy + q{x),
(), Cj(x) .

,
(, ). .
U{x, , z) ,
,
276
{x,y,z)=
^P{x,yQ,z^)dx-\-
^ Q{x,y,ZQ)dy+
16
^R{x,y,z)dz,(J)
()
9.1. / = I [xdy + ydx) : ) ;

(0,0)
) - \ ) '^-.
.
.
.
dQ ^
, ., = , Q = -- = - = 1,
,
,
. :
) = dy = dx,
1
/ = \xdx + xdx = ^
1.
) = ^, dy = Ixdx
/ = J xlxdx + x^dx = x~ = 1.
) y^ = x, 2ydy = dx
1
/ = ly^dy + ylydy = y"

9.2. , :
) dU = 3(^^ -y^dx + 3(^y^ -x^dy; ) dU = sin2xdx-sin2ydy;
B) dU = (/e--3)dx
+ e-{l + xy)dy; r) ^ = ^dx + ydy + zdz

yjx^+y^+z^
, a) ,
: = - 3 , = - 3 . (1)
277
, ,
U.
(5), ^, ^
4-C=Jc47 - + .
) (1): = - ^ =
(6), ^,^
= - sin 2ydy + J sin 2xdx + = (cos 2y - cos 2x) + C.
0
) ,
:
= 2'^+^'^;
^ = ""'(l-hxy) + e'^y = 2ye'^+^'\
(1) , ,
U.
Pdx Qdy.
, ,
,
U = j{yê'^-3)dx + C{y) = y^-e'^-3x
+ C{y) = ye'^-3x-hC{y),
U = je''\l + xy)dy + q{x) = ê''4xjye''4y
+ q{x) =
ye''4q{x).
)
, ,
C/ = j ; e ^ - 3 x + C.

() , -
278
16
. ,
.
) ,
. :
417/7?'
4777'
'+y'+z'
(3):
_dQ _
dQ_dR_
dR _ _
-yz
-XZ
/ 2 2 2\|
[jr+y^+z^y
(3) ,
U.
, (7) :^, ^, z^

-^-]{')'~('+')+('+^^
^0
:X + {x'+y'f + (x4/+z^)
+ C = (jc4/+z')2+C.
9.3. (2,1)
(1,2,3)
: ) J 3x^ydx + x^dy; ) J yzdx + xzdy + xydz.

(0,0)
(0,1,2)
, ) ,
. -
279
(1): = 3^, = 3^.
,
.
,
5. 2 > = ,
2
</ = 0, J 3 x ^ 0 ^ + jc^0 = 0. j^ 1 = 2,
fifx =
|1
J3-4>;-0 + 8J;; = 8y = 8.
1
.
U
B^Â\io (2)
|(^'^)
[/ = JjcV;; = jcV
=8-1 = 8.
1(0,0)
) ,
. (3):
_ _
'dQ
_ _
" - """ - ^5 ":7~ ~ ":~ - ^9 -- - -IT- - '

dz
dz
(3) ,

.
(7) U Z
U = Ixydz = xyz. (4) 0
U
U = xyz\
^
1(0,1,2)
= 1 - 2 - 3 - 0 1 - 2 = 6.
280
16
16*10*

1.

L=\dl,
(1)
dl .
2. ,
,
5 = xdy - ydx.
(2)
^ +
3. J f(x,y)dl,
(i/-
\dl\,

z~f{x, ).
, J Py^.yjdx,
^ ,
xOz
,
z-P{x,y),
4.
m=j p{M)dh
.3)
() .
5.
^=^-.
=.
(4)
^ ^
'^^ = J p{M)xdl,
^jc= \ p{M)ydl
281^
.

^-
^^
^=~^^
^^,
^-^^
^=^
^ = j xp{M)dl,
^ = j yp[M)dl,
(5)
rn^ = \ zp[M)dl

.
-const,
.
6.
, , Oz

L
I,=\p{M)(x'+y')dl,
I,=lp{M)(x'+y'+z')dL
(6)
7. , F[P,Q,R)
,
= jPdx-hQdy + Rdz,
(7)
, Q, R F .
, . .
U (, , z) ,
= , ^
= 2, ^
OZ
= ,
(8)
282
16
= j Pdx + Qdy + Rdz = jdU = U{B)-U{A),
(9)

A{x^,y^,z^ 5 (^2, j^2'^2) .
8. ^ ^
,

()
= ,]^-^
,
dl,
p(M)sin0 ,
Y = km,]^-^
dl,
(10)
7 ^, ,
, .
9. -, , /
,
;=, mlsina
F=\-^dl,
()
'^
dl ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
10.1. : )
X = ' cos t, = ' sin /, 2 = ' (0,0,0)
^
'
(,0,); ) = , z = = 0 = 3.
2
6
, ) (1),
L= jdl = j ^x^+y^+z^dt.
/,
283

, t: 0 = ^ cost,
0 = ae^smt, = ', t = -oo; l = e'cos^, 0 = e^sint, l = e\
t = 0.
I = j y ^ V ' (cos/-sin/)^ +fl[V' (sinr + cos/)^ -{-aê^'dt =
= aV3 I e4t = / lim e^ = /.

P
6) x /, : x = t,
t'
t'
y = y ^ "^ T no (1) :
2
6
I = j yjx^+y^+Z^t = j Jl + / J/ =
AB
0 ^
= lj(2 + /^)j/ = if2/ + -
"*
= 7,5.
10.2. , :
) - '^ = '^\ ) = cos^t,
= sin^t; ) ^ + ^ = .
, ) ,
(0,0) (1,1) (. 16.50).
()
284
16
(2),
S^\xdy
2 '
ydx^ \ xdy ydx =

2
"^
^ 1
= -\ dx
vVy = - - + 3
2J
2J
2^3 3
) (2).
dx = - cos^ t sin tdt, dy = sin^ t cos tdt.
t 2.
, 2-
5 = - f {^sin^tcos'^t + ^sin^/cos^t^dt =
^
^
2:
2:
= - ^ f sin^^cos^^^r=~fl[^ fsin^2^(i^ =
2 '
8 J
^
2:
'^
3 ,
= - .
16 J/
^ 16 1^ 4
J. 8
)
,
, = tx.

, 3at
3at^
=
-, =
-.
1+
1+
/ = ^ = tg0 = a^ f (l-cos40^^ =a^\
tsin4/
"
(. 16.51) 0
, t . dx = 3a
1-2/^
(l + / ' )
(2),
j- dt,
dy = 3a
It-t"^
(l + / ' )
^ dt
1? ^
285
9'"
rV^
3 2,1
-1
= 2 /J^-l
lim + r
"(l + ^'j
++=0
. 16.5 J
10.3. ,
:
.) = \2,
z = y,
x = aco^t,
-;
y = asmt,
(z>0); r ) j c 4 / = 7 t c ,
) z = bt;
jc'+/+z'=^'
~ + 7~^'
^"^-^
(z>0).
, a) 3
S= \zdl,
L JH = V2X.
dl = J\-b(y')
dx = J\ + dx.
z = = /2,
286
1 9
16
9_98
~8
)
dl = -^jx^ + y^+z^dt = yja^+b^dt.

2
2 2:
9
2"
= 27t^byja^+b\
)
x = acost, y = bsint.
dl = yfa^ sin^ t + b^ cos^ tdt.
2 > 0
S = \ cos / V ^ sin^ / + b^ cos^ /t// =
= 2akjcostJb^+[a^
-Z>^)sin^ tdt =
sm t = u,
=
lakNb^+cû^du.
c'=a'-b'
no ,
f
|1
S = ak
^
= -In
V '
"
) x = p c o s ^ ,
j^ = sin (,
= /? cos^. Z >
287
= jyJR^ -R^ cos^ (p^R^ c o s > + i?' sin^ (pdcp = 2R^jsin cpdcp = 2R\
0
10.4. : a) y = \nx
^ = ^2 = 2,
; )
= cos/, y = asmt, z = bt,
-
= , ; )
= (1 + cos), = 4.
, ) (3), , =^,
1
= J[x^dl dl = X-yJl + x^dx,
(^r-
^
1
m = j(l + x^yxdx = -[l + x^y
=^75.
24
) t
27. :
= = k^x^+y^-^z^
= kJ^~+bY
dl = ^Jx^+y^+z^ =yla^+b^dt.
(3)
2-
m = j kyja''b4a'+bh4t
= 4^^
^yJ^Vb^'dt.
288
XP""
2 \
/|
^kyja'+b^
16
/10
:^Ja^^47V
+In
2b
iKb + yfa^+ATtV W
a
) (3).
dl = ^+ {p'f d(p = ^la\\ + cos (^ + a\m^(pd(p = ayJlyj\-\'ZOS(pdq>.
(
27.
2
= j kyja{\ + cos(p)a-j2yJl + cos (pd(p =

0
2:
= kayjla J (l + cos ) ^ = IkKayJla.

0
10.5. : )
x = (2(^-sin^), >' = a(l-cos^) (0<t<K); )
= cos , j ; = sin ^, z = bt,
; ) r = a(l + cos^),
= 1.
, )
(4),
.
m=\p^Jx^+y^dt
= apU{l'-costf
+sin^tdt =
= 2 | sinJ/ = - 4 a p c o s - =4ap.

289
= | ^ ( ^ - s i n / ) ^(1-COS/) +sin^/<i/
^( . t
. .
t\
= 2'\ ?sin sin/sin \dt =
2
2
V
t_
2a p -2/cos+4sin+sin
'i
la'p
(4)-l-
m^ = jpa^ (l~cos/)^(l~cos/)^+sin^/t// =
0
= 2aVj sin
2
cos/sin \dt =
2
M
3/
cos = 2V 2-i.l = f V.
2 3
2
2
w^ 8
m^ 4
x ^ = - - - = - a , ;;, = - ^ = - a .
m
m
6)
(5).
, (5)
. ,
, , ,
,
= 2aV -2/coshcos
^ = \xyjx^ +^ -z'^dt = !^ +b^ \costdt = ayja^ +b^ sin/ = 0.

0
i^= \y^Jx^+y^+z^dt
= 1^ +b^ jsintdt = -^ +b^ cost
-=2ayla^+b\
290
16
= -'+\
2
^ = - ^ = , ^=-^ = , z^=-^ = ,
m l
)
, , . . (^ = 0.
-\
= 2\dl = lUr^- + (/f d(p = 2a\ yjl -2 cos (p +cos^ (p-\-sin^ (pd(p
4aJ cosd(p = Sa sin ~
Sa.
,

2
2:
- \ydl =1 rsin(pyjr^+(/fd(p
L
= 2^ I (I+ cos(p)sin(pcosd(p =
= 2a^ f sincos~ +sin2(2)cos \d(p =
=a
2 2
2j ^
2 f f . 3(p . (p \ . Sep 1 . 3<j?'j.

sin-^+sin +sm^+sin-^ \ =
^1^2
2 2
2 2
2 j ^
^
( ^
\
5(0
= a c o s - ^ + 2 cos+cos ^^ 2
2 5
2
32
A; = - = a.
m
5
10.6. : a)
x = t cos t, j ; = / sin /, z = /
,
p = kz^\ )
291

- cos ^ j ; = sin ^ z = .
, )
, 4,
^ = \ p[M)zdL
,
. = {t^yj{cost'-tsintf
+{smt + tcostf
+ \dt = k\ t^yjt^ +2dt
t^ + 2 = u^, tdt = udu, t^ =u^ - 2,

\-j2yl2x^+\
/2/271
m. ,=k
J (u^-2)u^du=k
/2
15
8^V2
15
(2'+1)2(:'-1)+1
6)
(6). [) = 1,
/
= Ja^+b^\
= ('+-'7' | ^ / ^ ^
- / s i n 2 / + '-
3 ,
J
/ , = j ( a ' c o s ' + bh^)sja4b'dt
2ff
^'^
^ ;
292
16
L= j(a^cos^ t + a^ sin^ t)yja^-i-b^dt =

2:
lQ=\[a^cos^t + a^sin^t + bY)yJa4b^dt
L
27
yja'+b' j [a" +bY )dt =
Inâ^b
^ ^ 2 f 2
10.7. F[P,Q}, P = x-y, Q = x,

= , = .
. (.
16.52)
. = -.
(7),
^^ = ^ Pdx^Qdy = ^{-)=
^{â^dx^la^.
. 16.52
:
. (7)
^ ~ J ^^ = ci\dy = 2^
293
CD: = . CD
-a
DA\ --a.
DA
,
= Sa^.
10.8. - + ^ = 1

^ , /
.
F ,
.
.
, ,
,
, F - -xi - yj^
/
- cos t, = b sin t, ,

.
F (7)
/,
= [Pdx-^Qdy = -\xdx-^ydy
L
= Ua^ cos/sin/-6^ sin/cos/)rf/ =

0
7C
= (a^-6^)Jsin/Jsin/ =
294
16
10.9. F = 21 + y^J - ^

^ -v^ -Iz^ = 2^ j^ = {, , 0)
iB 1/2,]2,].
.
, ^ -z^ =^.
(7) F
= X ^ = + z ,
ayjl
E = J2xydx + y^dy-x^dz=
a^l2
aS
ayfl
J 2x^dx+ J y^dy-j{a^
(
.
2
Z+
+ z^)dz =
â'\242~
10.10. F{P,g,/?}
, : ) = , ~ ?
if = - mg ( rri)
(xp>^p Zj) {^^^^ z^); ) = j ^
r
Q-,^
P = ^^ , : const, r = Jx^+y^+z^
)
( j^p Zj) .
, ) U F
(8) U = -\mgdz = -mgz.
(9)
E = \dU = U{B)-U{A)=^-mg{z,-z,)
= mg{z,-z,),
. . ,
) /, (8),
= -\
xdx
( x 4 / + z^)5
:-.J
295
=-*j'
zdz
ydy
{x'+y'+z'Y
k_
r
[x'^y'^z'f
(9)

E = jdU = U{ooyU{A)
I 2 , 2~ 2 *
V^l +3^1 "^^1
10.11. , ^,
, : )
^ - ^ = R^ (. 16.53); )
ABC (, 0), (, ) (-, 0); )
, ,

.
, ) 1
= 0. =
R. - : 0.
, dl = RdO, Y (10)
'^J ^
R 1
COS0
2^
R
296
16
) . 16.54
, ,
,

.
(-,0)
'
(,0) ^
. 16.54
-^ = ,
^-\-^=^,
= sin0, = -,
(10),
J.. =-. 2sf2pj
/^^
Y = 2yl2pj-^dy
= 2^pj
dl = yl2dy,
"^
=2V2pJ-
lyfl
ydy
'>(a^-2ay + 2y^y
ydy
2^2 "l
-ay^-
^-2

= /;
y = t + >^ = 0; ^ = - - - = ; t = ,
Z
-^
dy = dt;
297
+-
Y = p]
-J^
^
^2 \
^
+
4 = Fj + Y^.

\
+
2
^'-^\
= 0;
=-
\^^
//
^==fl
- ^ 2
2
^
+ -
2 \
(2
Jz
/ = tg z, dt =
2
2 cos z
a
/ = ; z = / = ; z =
.
^
2
^
2
4 '
dz
^
= ^ [ cos zdz =
cos^z
(ilCOS Z
2p
sinz
2p
a
+
2
2>^
P-
298
16
) ,
,
, . . X-Y, ,
, X (10).

^
^
, X = ^\
. 1 ^
. ,
= COS0 (. 16.54) = acos^ t, = asin^ t,
X =^ cos^ t^9a^ cos"* / sin^ ^ + 9a^ sm' t cos^ tdt =
= ^^ J sin /cos^ tdt = ^^.

0
10.12. /,
,
W, h .
.
,
. ,
,
I
dl = dx, r = yjh^+x^,
(11)
F = mlj
hdx
(h'+x'f
sina = --,
- nigt,
-,
F = ml \
2
h^dt
299
^
cos t
ml}
=
COS^ t
^ 2ml
costdt =
.
2
16.11.
1. .
- 5
/ ( M ) = / ( X , > ^ , Z ) . S
, AS^, 52,..., AS^,

M.(x.,y-,z-)
/ (.) = / (^/, >^/ 5 Z.), AS-.

1=1
1=1

AS. ,
S
, .,

/ ( M ) = / ( X , J ; , Z ) S
/=1

. S
, Oz
, z = (p(x,y).
300
16
S Z),
dD = dS cos 7,
S Oz
=J1+
cos 7
, (1)
S
= JJ/(jf,J,<P(^,3^))Jl +
^^^ I
(2)
S
Oxz Oyz. (2)
5, .
S
, . . , Oz,
,
S ,
.
2. .
S AS.,
>^, , AD^

/ ( M . ) = /(xpj;^,zJ
.^ AS-.
(3)
AD.

301
J'2'^S/(M)AD,=||/(..y,z)rfrdv =
.=1
(S)
= \\f[x,y,<p{x,y))dxdy,
(4)
S,

5,
. ,
Oz, ,
Oz
.
S
Oxz Oyz,

\\f{x,y,z)dxdz
jjf{x,y,z)dydz,
S

,
,
. , ,
.
,

l^P{M)dxdy-^Q{M)dxdz
+ R{M)dydz,
P[M),Q(M),R[M)
[x,y,z),
S,

,
.
302
16
11.1. : ) J J ^J^^ dS^ S

s
x-by + z = \, ;
) J 1 x^y^dS, S z = ^ja^ -^
-'^,
, )
.
1
dz
dz
ax
ay
S Oxy
, + j = 1
. , (2)
j I xyzdS = I j {\--
y)^
+ {''\f +{-\f
dxdy =
1-
= ^l3\xdx \ y(l x-'y)dy=^jx(l~x)

0
"
dx =
6)
dz
x d z
â'-x'-y''
.
^^^
By
â'-x'-y'

dS = Jl + -T^,
-:-/
+-^
'-'-/
T^dy=^
""^"^
' V^^^T^-^

= ^.
: ^ +^^
D ]
-X
In
1-\
sin^ cos^
^5 1
(pd(p\-^=S=
303
pdp=-tdt
'
^
Sa'
= ~~J(l-cos'2(p)rf(pJ(a'-r') dt^
4 15
1'
15
11.2. :
) / = Uxzdxdy + xydydz + yzdxdz, 5 S
, x + y-hz = l, = 0,
;; = , Z = 0; ) / = JJ -yjx^ + y^dxdy, 5
^ + j^^ < i?^; ) / = \\zdxdy, S
2
X
2 * ^
,
2
V
-'^^+ = 1.
.,,2
(2
L.2
^2
, )
.
ABC, , ,
,
, .

ABC.
,
/, = J1 xzdxdy + xydydz + yzdxdz =
ABC
= \\ xzdxdy + xydydz + \\ yzdxdz =

ABC
1-
ABC
= Jxflbc J (l-x-y)dy+\ydy
0
^0
^0
ABC
1-v
1-
J (l-y-z)dz-{-\zdz
J (l-x--z)flbc =
304
16

/^ = J J xzdxdy + xydydz + \\ yzdxdz =0,
z =
Oyz Oxz.
^
/ = \\ xzdxdy + xydydz + J J yzdxdz = ,
AGO
AGO
AGO
A CO Oyz
7 = 0.

/ = J J xzdxdy + J J xydydz + J J yzdxdz = 0,
OiBC
OJ?C
05C
0 5 C Oxz
= 0.
.
, / = .
8
) ,
, , Oz,

I = -jjy]x^+y^dxdy.
S
S
^ +^ <R^. ,

I = -jd(plppdp = -R\
0
-^
)
,
1^ = \\zdxdy,
305
I^=-\\zdxdy.
1
z = ~ c j l - ^ -
, ,

Oz, /j = /2
2
I = 2jjzdxdy = 2c jj
^
'
,.2
h-^-^dxdy

= cos (, = cos ( ,
/Q = abp^
/ = 2abc j d(p\ -^
pdp = -
Tiabc,
16.12.

1. S
m = JJ5(M)J5,
(1)
5 ()
M{x^y^z) S,
D 5,
Z = / ( , 7 ) , , (1)

306
m=
\\b{x,yj{x,y))\\
/9zV
\^^)
/:^,V
dxdy.
16
(2)
S
.
2.
^^
m m ^^
z, = '^ = -\\z6{M)dS,
(3)
^1
^,, ^,, ^ S
.
3^.

s
I,=jjS{M)(x'+/)dS.
(4)
s
4.

I^.=Jl5{M)z'dS, 4=Jj5(M)/r5, I^_=Jl5{M)x'dS.(5)

s
s
s
5. ,
. 5
(, y,z)
5(x,j;,z),
, A[x^,y^,z^)
5,
,
307
r = ^(x-jc^)^+(j-y^)^H-(z-zJ^ M.
6. ,
S, 5 ( ) ,
^(^''^) ,
W = \\b{M).
S
(7)
^
12.1. : )
2 = ^+;
(0<z<l);
) ^ -^ -^-z^ =R^ z > ,

, .
, ) (2)

m=
jj^Hz:f+(z;fdxdy
S
z'^ z^,,
î+(z:)4(z;/=î+4(x4/).
^ +^ =1.
,
2
jr
308
16
^-^ 0. z^
(3)
z^
-'-b'^^'-w *y')fHKfH^d^dy.
m7
m^
,
1, 2
2
11
1 + 4^ = /^, pdp =tdt 4

. = 0, ^ = 1;
= 1, = v5.
z^=-
''-'>
. 3
15 , 2(575-1)"
m 8 {
m8
6) ,
Z .
x = Rsmecos(p, y^^RsinOsmq),
z = /?cos0, /?
.

5() = ^^ +^^ =Rsine,
dS = R^sined(pde,
(1)
m = ^\8{M)dS
'^
'K'R'
= R' \ dcp^în" Ode =
^=^= 0. z^ z^ =

309
''^ ^
= R'j dcp jsinGcosede
^^ = jJ5{M)zdS
InR'
=
^
^
4/?
z = .
12.2.
Z = +
(0<z<h) : ) Oz;
) .
, )
Oz (4).

I
dS = Jl+
,+
^dxdy = yl2dxdy.
I,=j2\j{x'+y^)dxdy.
s
,
D
^ -\-^ =h^,
2
I^=yf2Jd(pjp'dp = nh\
2
"^
)
(5). , dS = yfldxdy,
/ ^ = 72 j j z'Jxtfy = /2 j j (jc'+ / ) JxJv = : ',

D
lit
I^^=yf2Jjy^dxdy =
p^
^l2\sm^(pd(p\p'dp=nh\
310
16
2
1^ = 4l\\x^dxdy
= /2 j cos^ (pd(p^p^dp =
0
nh\
"^
12.3. p = 1
^ +^ =^ ,
, ,
.
.
jc^ = jH^ = z^ = 0.
= 1^ + z^.

= cos(, y = asm(p, z- z,
dS - adcpdz.
F^ F
. Oz,
(6),
F^=JJ
zdS
^^-^ ^=ld(p\(a'+z'pzdz
(l
= 27ca
V
1
t
yJa^+H^

(7)
s 1 -\-z
0 yja +z
"
17

17.1. .

. z = f(^x,y) (, j )
z,
Z. z = f(x,y)
f{x,y) = C ,
.
f{x,y) = . (/ = 1,2,...), .- , z
{, )
. (
, . .).
2. u = F(x,y,z) [x,y,z)
.
u==F(^x,y,z)
F[x,y,z) = C,
.
F[x,y,z) = C. (/ = 1,2,...)
.
312
17

t/(M) = t/(xpX2,...,x) = t/(r), -
(xj,2,..., ^),
w (,...,^) = ..
1.1. ( z = , 1,2):
) z = ^ + / - l ;
) Z-
--\
, ) z = , 1,2,
:
2
+ = 2,
4
1
4 1
4
1

(. 17.1),
.
. 17.1
) z = , 1,2, :
^ =, j ; ^ = - 1 , ^ =-2.
,
, : = , = 1, = 2,
(. 17.2).
. 17.2
313
1.2. :
a ) w = x ^ + y ~ z ; ) i/=x + 3; + z; )
-\^-\-\-\^'\.
, ) 0,1,2,...,
:
Oxyz
(. 17.3),
Oz, z = , z = 1,...
. 17.3
) w = 0,1,2,...,
: x + > ' + z = , x-\-y + z = l, x-\-y + z = 2,

, (.
17.4) ,
: = y = z = 0, x = y = z = l, = y = z = 2,...
. 17.4
314
17
) = . {i = 0,1,2,...)
jcf + jC2 + +1= ., 4-
4- .
17.2. .
. = F{x,y,z) ,
J
du dF
dF
} ^F
_-^ -
.^^
= -cosa + -COSP + -cos7 = iV/o,
(1)
dl ox
oy
oz
cos a, cos j8, cos 7 J;
/Q{cosa,cosj8,cos7} / ;
-\dF dF dF]
N< -z-^^-^r-,rr> .
[ ay oz J
(:, j;,z)
x = XQ+/cosa, >^ = >ô+/cosj8, z = Zo + /cos7
= 1, u=F(x,y,z)
du du
t; = = .
dt dl
^ .
z = f[x,y)

= ^ c o s a + ~^sina,
(2)
dl ox
oy
a J .
,
,
.
315
2. = F(x,>^,z)
^
-,

dz
^^
(3)
V = -{
] + ().
dz

.
, . . gradw(M,)

W ( M ) My
grad
() .
J

= ^ gradw,
du

= gradi/ = J -
(4)
2.1. z = ln\3x^ +2y^j = + 7 gradz (-1,2)

.
. , dz
dz
6
= .,
3 x 4 2 /
6

^+23 '
17
316
dz
12
6
' 1 9 '
graaz =
1 +/ = ( +
- 27).
19
19
19^

3
cosa = 7=
77
3
^ 1
==, cosp =
Vio'
"
(1)
dz
dn /
6 3
19/0
12 1
19 Vio
19/10'
2.2. w = ^ + >'^ + z^
(1,1) r|cos60,cos60%cos45j
grad .
. w

[{) = 2, < ( ) = 2, < ( ) = 2.
I
{) = 2 cos 60 + 2 cos 60 + 2 cos 45 = 2 + v 2.
grad w = 2/ + 2j + 2^,
(4)
|grad \ = V4 + 4 + 4 = 2/.
2.3. z^ =
(4,2).
.
z
,
. F{x,y,z) = z^ -,
317
dF_
<(^)-#
2z
4 '
dz
^'
aF
Yz M
dz
, . . V2 - /2 grad z ( M ) =
/+
j , a
2.4. u=xy+yz+xz

, (1,2,3) ,
, (5,5,15).
.
M.Mj =(5-1) + ( 5 - 2 ) 7 + ( 1 5 - 3 ) ^ = 4 + 37 + 12^
4
4
_ 3
12
cosa: = 7
= = , c o s p = , cosy = .
/ 4 ? 13
"^ 13
13

^^ = /
= y + z,
= x + z, = -\-
dz
:(,) = 5, ;(,) = 4, [{,) = .

,
du ^ 4 , 3 ^12 ^ 3
=5+4+3=5.
dl
13
13
13
13
318
17
2.5.
W = In ^ -^ +z^j (,y,z)
MQ (1,1,1)?
.
^
^
.
^
_
2
^ - + z ^ '
2
x^-/+z^'
_
2z
dz x ^ - ^ + z ^ '
:{,) = 2, < ( ) = - 2 , :{,) = 2;

grad [MQ ) = 2/ - 2j + 2k.

^ (4)
|grad ( )| = V4 + 4 + 4 = 2/.
2.6. z = x^ + ^.
.
. ,

.

^ = 3'-3 = 0, ^ = 3'-3 = 0.

: (0,0) (1,1).
2.7. : ) grad(uv) = u gradv + vgradw;
,(u\
6) grad - =
yv J
vgmdu-ugradv
^
V
319
, )
grad(i/y) ={uv)i +{uv)j -^{uv)k =
dz
dv-r
dur
dv -: -: dv r
du r
= u I +v I +uJ +y J -\-u-v =
dz
dz
(dv^
dv -: dv -^ ( du r du -z du -\
I + j + + I + 7+
dx
dy
dz
dx
dy
dz
= grad v + v grad u.
6)
grad
^-^
d(u\
dxyv
v^y
du
dv
V-
dfuV.
I +
dy
du
V-
dv
d^-^
y + dz
\k =
v^y
dv
du
V-
( du ^ du -z du -\ (dv-T dv -. dv -\
i +-:r-J^-:r-k \-u z +^j+-k
ax
ay
dz
dx
dy
dz
ugradw-wgradt;
2.8. :
u=x^+y^-z^
v = xz + yz.
.
,

grad = 2x1 + 2yj - 2 z k ,
grad v = zi +zj + ( +y)k.
320
17
(grad w, grad ) = 2xz + lyz - 2z(x + j^) = 0

.
2.9. grad w, w = , = ^^ + j ; ^ + z^
.
xi
yj
zk
gradw=
r- + '
-
(x4/+z^)2
x/ -^ yj -\-zk
3
(x4/+z^)^
(x4/+z
|2
r
^3-
(x4/+z^)
17.3. .

. (
),
= {) = {),
, = + yj -\-zk
.
a=ajâj
+ aj<:, a^=a^{x,y,z),
ay=â^{x,y,z),
^ =a^[x,y,z) .
,
^^^.^, . .
.
( , )
,
.

dx _dy _dz
^v
/.
321
, ,
^ ,
2. a(^M) = aJ -a^j -aJi

,.
(2
_^
(2)
diva=^ + ^ + '- = Va,
dz

,. _ - -
(3)
aiYa = i
+7
+
.

dz

, div (^)
. div () > , ^
, . .
MQ . div (MQ ) < ,
MQ , . . ^
.
div = ,
,
.
3. ( )
( ) = J + ayj + a^k
(^
TOta =
5^v
dz
\ =
A A A
(^ ^
dz
ci^ ,,
= .
(4)
322
17

rota =
\- ]
/ ,-
Nasi
/,
L + [ ^\ + L,
2]
(5)
, rot = ,
().
U = f(f) ,
dU = a^dx + a^,dy + a^dz, grad U = d,

, div(grad /) = 0
. U -
' ' ' ^

" + "" "^ "^ ^ ^^^ AU = 0
dz
. ,
'^dz'
3.1. :
\ ^ -*' ^\ - i j k
) a = xi -yj; ) a = -~ +.
X z
, ) , ,

dx dy
dx
dy
= =
, ^
X
, lnjc = - l n j ; + lnC; = , =
.
)
dx
dy
dz
xdx = ydy^ xdx = zdz.
\lx
My
\lz
, : x^-y'^ = C^, X - z = C .
,
323
.
3.2. :
) a^x^yl^-xy^]-^yz4
(1, 2, 1);
) =
yz(4xi-yj-zkY
, ) :
^ = ^, ^, = ^, ^ = yz^. (2)
div = 2 + 2 + 2yz.
div () = - 4 - 4 + 4 = -4, . . .
)
d i v r = - ^ + - ^ + - ^ = 4j;z-2;;z-2;;z = 0,
3z
. . , .
.
3.3. div
a = xi -yj - zk, b = yi +zj + xk.
.
[:
^ J
,
Z
\
z\ =
[yx-z^)i'h(^yz-x^)j+[xz-y^)k.
(2) div 5,6 = j ; + z + .

3.4. , : ) div(Ja) = fdiwa + a-grad/;
) div d,b \ =
bvotd-arotb.
, a) , , /
,
div(^)=i(M,!(|!^,^=/3
'
dz
/ .. _ .
dz
^ ,
^.
dz
324
17
) (3),
\
\\
\ 1
' J +7-
= 1
+-
+
OZ \

_
^_
_ 6
= -
. .,
div [a,b]^b
-
;.
-. "
+
+
-:

az
(5)
div a,b =6-1--1^,
.
3.5. ) = yzi + xzj + ;
) = x^yzi + xy^zj + xyz^k.
, ) ^ = yz, ^ = xz, ^ = .
(4)
1 = / (-) + j(-)-(z-z)
) ^ =x^yz,

^ =xy^z,
= 0.
^ =xyz^. (4)
rot = / (xz^ - ^^ + j (^^ - yz^^-kk (^^ Z - ^ z^ =

= x(z'-/)i+y(x'-z')]
z(/-x')k.
325
3.6. : ) rot ia b\a^ - xi -^ yj + zk,

b=T + j + ; ) TOtlrEja,
r=xi+yj'\-zk,
b=I + ]-hk,
a =4 + j -k.
, a)
ab^x + y-Vz,
(ab\a
= x{x + y-\-zî +y[^x +
y'\-z^j-\-z[x-\-y-\-z^k.
(4)
rotf5-6 j5 = (z-->')/ +{x-z)j
^-{^-^.
) - = x + y-\-z.
( 'b]d = -[x-^y-\-z)i
+[x + y + z)j-[x-\-y
+ z)k.
,
rot(r-fe)5 = ( - l - l ) r + (-l + l)7 + (+l + l ) ^ = ~2r + 2^.
3.7.
= ^^ + ajy^ + a^z'^ + 2^2 + la^^xz + 2^23^^^
?
. U ,
AU = 0. -- = 2,, - = 2^2, -- = 2^,
OZ
Af/ = 2(a,+(22+).
, ^-^-^^^ 0.
3.8. ,
xi + / + zk
=
J .
. ,
div 5 = 0 -
326
17
rot 5 = 0.
diva =-5^
'^^
{x'+y'+z')
(' +/ +z'f -/ {' +/

"^
'+
+z'f
(x4/+z^)'
{x'+/
+ z'j+3z'{x'+/
+ z'j
(+-)'
' + 3>;' + 3z' - 3(' +y^ + z^)
= 0.
( x 4 / + z^)^
rot a = i
+k
3>;z(jc4/+z')2
3yz(x4/+z')2
(x4/+z^)
( x 4 / + z^)
3 x z ( x ' + / + z')2
3 x z ( x 4 / + z')
(x4/+z^)
(x4/+z^)
3>'x(x4/+z')2
3>'x(x'+/+z')
(x4/+z^)
(x'+y' + z')
= 0.
3.9. , : a) rot () = [grad/, a ] + / rot a;

6) rot a,b =adiv6-6diva + - ^
.
^ L J
db da
, a) (5)
rot(ya) =
327
7 îfa)
i,\ a^^ + f
y,
^ :
: J J ^_
dy
d{Ja)
dz
dz
dy
/r
>^
dz
+/
'
n
:
dz
5
= [grad/,5] + / r o t 5 .
6) , . .
[5,6~] =
1 7 ^,
.
I.
L \
^^V
^('"-<')-^(''-<')=*,;7+'''-^-'''1ây
dz
dz
dz
' dz
Ox

(db^ db^ />

^ dx dy dz
da^ da da^ , - da^ , da

- + ^ + dy
dz
6,
db^
6,
db^
db^ ^ da^,
da^
dz
dx
dy
dz
dy
dz
dy
, da^ , da^ , da^
dh
db^
dz
^ dy
dy
^ dz
328
17
, .
, Oz,
.
17.4.
2-
4.1. V,
2- :
) grad div 5 = V(V,),
) divgradC/ = (V,V)t/ = V'[/ = AC/,
) divrot5 = (V,[V,5]) = 0,
) rotgradt/ = [V,V]t/ = 0,
)0101=[,[,]],
e)div (Aa) = A(div5).
, ) V = /
hj
\-k^r-
dz
grad/ = V/,
grad
dz
= grad(V,5) = V(V,5).
) , (V,V) = V^=A,
divgradi7 = div
'
-+
dz
'
- +
dz'
'
) div = (V,r ) rot = [V,5],
div rot = (V,rot ) = (V, [V,]) =

^
^,
dz I ydz
(^_^
J dz\
= 0.
329
,
,
)
rot (grad f/) = rot
= rot(VC/) = [V,V]C/ =
dz
^2
dydz dzdy
I +
(:^'>-
bzbx bxbz
-/ +
k = 0.
,
.
) rot = [V,a],
rotrota=[V,[V,5]].
)
div(Aa) = ^ ( ^ . ^ ( ^ . ^ ( ^ .
^ ^
dz
,

div(A5) =
^ (
'
^ ^
dz
(^
^ ^
dz
(^ ^ ,
-+^-h=Adiv5.
dz' : dz
.3,2,
4.2. : ) div grad /, U = z\6) grad div 5,

= x^î + y^^j + z'^k; ) rot rot 5, a = x'yi + y'zj + z'xk.
, a) U = x^y'z
grad = 3x'y'zi + Ix^yzj + x^y'k.
div grad U = 6xy'z + 2x^z = 2xz {by' -{-x'y
6)
330
17
div = 4 J c ^ + 4 / + 4 z ^

graddiv5 = 12x^r + 1 2 / 7 + 12z^^ = 12(x^r + / 7 + ^^^)) ^ - ^,

^ = y^z,
^ = z^x,
rot = -yî - z^j - x^k.

rot rot 5 = 0, . . rot
.
4.3. : ) divgrad(wy); ) rot rot (cw),
.
, )

^;
grad(w;) = (û + v]i +
f dv
^
j + u-'{-v
)
az
az
v_ d^v
^
dudv

^ dv
d^v
- + -
+Vdy
u
dz
dv

- + V'
dz dz
dz
r^2
(dudv
dudv
^^\;^>'1
+2
x'"^/'^z
;; dy
V
+v
dy dy
dv
^
^
(d'u
I
-^
d'u
^'
d^v
^
dv

dv du
dz dz
dudv^
dz dz
d'u^
= w div grad t; + 2 (grad w, grad t;) + div grad w.
dz j
6) rot (), ,
=c{i + j-^kj
rot(cw) =
331
dz
\ci -
dz
/* +
:^2
rotrot(cw) =
( '
dydz
('
(^
'
^ '
dz
^
'
'
^
2.. \
'
('
\cj +
dxdz
' ]
dxdz
J
2..
' ' ^
\ci +
dz^ + dxdz
(dû
d'u
+ dy
dxdy
d'u
+I dz" dxdz dydz \ dx'
d'u
dy'
'
^
'
^
2..
'
\ =
dydz
2
d'u
cj-^
dydz
d'u\
\(ci +cj-bckj =
dz'
( d
d
dYdu^
du-:
du= \ c + c- + c I I +j+ -Auc
I
dy
dz II dx
dy
dz
= (c, V) grad - Auc,
17.5.

1. . {)
S 2- ,

1-
Q = jj{a,n)dS=\{
a^dS = [J a^dydz + a^dxdz + a^dxdy =
s
s
s
= \Ua^ cosa + a^ cos p + a^ cosy)dS,
(1)
s
n {cos a, cos j8, cos 7}
S.
332
17
(1)

5,
'^jja,{x,y{x,z),z)dxdz
+ jja^[x,y,z{x,y))dxdy,
(2)
5p 5*2,5*3 S Oyz, Oxz,

; x = x(y,z),
y = y(x,z),
z = z(x,y)
S,
.

,
,
S .
S
, , .
z = f{x,y)

dS = ^l + {z[f+{z;fdxdy,
(3)

cosa = .
""
, cosp=
î+(z:)4(z;f'
~î+(z:)4(z;)^'
cos7 =
(1) (3), (4),

333
Q=\\\_<Â<Y<'y[<Y<^^dxdy.
(5)
,
Oz, , cos > (4)
+. cos < (4) -.
2. -. V
,
5, P{x,y,z),
Q(x,y,z),
R{x,y,z)

F, 5,
-
jjPdydz + Qdzdx + Rdxdy = jj^
dQ
dxdydz.
dz
(6)

, (2)
^j{Pcosa + Qcos + Rcosy)dS = ^
dQ
dR
\dxdydz. (7)
dz
,, S
.
-

(, /?) ^5 = j j j div dxdydz,
S
(8)
d = aj +a^,j+a^k a = P[x,y,z)i -\-Q(x,y,z)j + R[x,y,z)k.

(8)
S .
3. . L
5 {,) Q{x,y) dQ
, -
334
17
5, L.

(^Pdx + Qdy = ^^
\dxdy,
(9)
,
, S,
. L ,
S , . . .
4. . L
S P[x,y,z),
Q{x,y,z)H
R[x,y,z)

5, L,

jPdx + Qdy + Rdz
f
\
/

\dxdz, (10)
\dxdy + \
\dydz-h\
dz J
7 J
V dz J
V
,
,
. S
, z = , (10)
.

,

dQ
jPdx + Qdy + Rdz =
^
(
cosa +
dz
COSp+
ydz
COS/
, (11)
335
8 = 8(), cosjS =8(;|, cos7 = cos(zj

S.
5. . .
L
Ua,dr)=
la^dx + aydy + a^dz,
(12)
L , (12)
L,
C = j){a,dr)
L
L.
L 5,
,

C = ^ ( a , J r ) = JJ(rot5,H)t/5
(13)
,
L rot 5,
L.
6. . U
, grad [/ = 5.
.

rot 5 = 0.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- -^- + dz = ^ + dy + a^dz,
ox
ay
oz
TO U

= j{a,dr)= ja^dx-ha^,dy + a^dz = jdU = U{B)-U{A),

(14)
336
17

.
,
, .
5. = - y^j i- z^k
^ -f j ; ^ + z^ = i ? \
jc > , y>0,
z > 0,
.
. (1),
J [ (, )^^ = Ux^dydz - y^dxdz + z^dxdy,
s
s
,
.
(2),
jj{a,n)dS
1J
= \^x^dydz--j^y^dxdz+jjz^dxdy
ijj
02
= jj{R^ -' -z^)dydz'-\j(R^
"^
--^ -z^)dxdz +
ll{a,n)dS = ]d(pl{R'-p')pdp-]d(p\{R'-p')pdp +
S
"'- '-
nR'
+]d<p\{R^-p^)pdp =
0
"
5.2. = 1 -\-zj '\- 2^

4^ +^ = 4 - z ,
: > , j^ > , Z > , ,
Oz,
337
.
(1). z

S (3), (4).
S (. 17.5).
, 17.5

D.
Oz, , cos 7 > (4)
(+). (5).
^=, ^ = z = 4 - 4x - _ ,
^ =2'^,
D
1
2>1-;^
= 8jrfx J j ; ^ ^ = 4 j /
\-'
rfjc
= 16J(l-x')d^ =
32
-. 1 - 2 -*
5.3. = z/ +/+jA:
x + 2y-^3z = \, >,
338
17
y>Q, z > , ,
Oz.
. (5).
: a^=z =
1
2
V = 7"^' ^z-';:y
6
9
^
{\-x-2y),
, 1 , 2
z= , z^ = :
3
3
rrO/i
. 1
\dxdy.

5*^^, = 0,>^ = x + 2j; = l (.
17.6).
,1
{\-)
'-5"-"'
^-^\'" \ *=^ dx =
.2 \
\(\-x)dx =
18
18
~36'
Pwc. 17.6
5.4. = + ^] + z^k

j < ^,
R
0<z<H.
339
. -
(8),
\IR--X-
= 3\dx J
-R
(x4/)z + ^
dy =
H
-.JRÎ
-R -v^w"L
n2
+3
,
2
l\{a,n)dS = 3ld(pl U - - P
= 67 (R^_H_R^
1
R' ^
^^ÎMl.^^
pdp =
/J
-R'+H'
HR\
4
R5^3
2
3R'5
2
5.5. -
\ \ ^dydz+ ^dxdz+ z^dxdy,

, jc4-j; + z = a, = 0,
= 0^ Z = 0.
.
(6), , = ^, Q = y^:> R = z^.
^ 2 ^ 2 ^ 2
= 3\
-^^ - , = 3z .
dz
(6)
--
340
17
i
= ?>\dx J ^ {-)-^
V
+ ^ {-) };^ -
= I ^ ( - ) + - ( - )
{--)
W
: = 0,2\
5.6. [[(xcosa + j;cosj8 + zcos7)^5'

S
, + >^ + z = 1,
.
. - (7),
-,
Q = y, R = z,
3z 1, , ,
j j (xcosa + j;cos j8 + zcos7)(i5 = Jjj

\axayaz =
V dz
1
1-JC
1--
= 3 j j j (ix(iyJz = 3J(ix j (iy J dz = .

V
5.7.
/ = JJ x^cos(w,/) + y^ COS (, 7 ) + z^ cos[nJyidS
no x^ -\-y^ - 2az = a^, z = 0,
.
. (7) -^, Q^y^ >
R = z . = 2, - ^ = 2,
^^
-
I = 2\{\{x + y + z)dxdydz = 2{{dxdy
= 2z.
z
{x + y + z)dz =
\dxdy.
341
1= j{coscp-{ sin(p)d(p^(^^ -^)p^d
+ 5-jJ<pJ(a^-^) dp =
'
\6'
"48"
5.8. -
= (^ + z)/ + ^] + ^
,
{>0, ^, z > 0)
S\ x + 2y-{-2z = 2.
.
: = 0, =0, Z = OH x-\-2y + 2z = 2 (. 17.7).
. 17.7
(8).
S
, , -^ 2 = 2.
^
1
2
1--2
Q = \\\6ydxdydz = 6\dx \ dy I ydz = 6\dx j yz
dy =
342
17
6\dx\
- . - ! > - /
^-1'-ff-f
dx =
1-^
2
V 2J
5.9.
'
I, ABC ^ (1),
JB(2,1),
(2,2); ) J(j9; + x+>^)tic + (xy + jc--;;)(i;;,
^ +^ =.
, ) (,) = , 0{:>) =
1
= - ,
dx
dy
1
/
-^^ = -. ,
X
1
1
\dxdy.
+
X
. 17.8
: = , X = 2, = 1.

[-
2 + 2 \dxdy- \dx\\ ^ + - Wv= I : +1
"I \w /J

. \ j = 1,
dy = 0; : = 2, dx = 0; : = ,
dy = dx.
343
dx
dy
dy
cf dx
'hhl-h-n-l
AB
CA
dx\
2'
. 17.8
) = -\- + , Q = xy + x-y.
= +1, -^ = ; +1.
\(xy + x + y)dx +
[xy-{-x-y)dy=\Uy-x)dxdy.
. 17.9.
, S
sin^
\Uy-x)dxdy=
J (cos(p-sin(p)(i^ j p^dp =
= J (sin^^cos^--sin'*^W(p = J sin"^ (pd(p =
. 17.9
344
17
.
1
- = = cos/,
2
>^ = sin t.
X
VYl/
. 1
1 1 . 1 .
I (cos/sin^ + sm^) +COS/ + + sin/ s m ^ r +

In
1
1 1 . V
+ ffl/
(cos/sm/ + s m n +cos/H
sm/ --cos/a/ =
\\A^
^2
2 2
J2
=
- s i n ^ / - c o s ^ / \dt^
.
5.10. ,
\ yzdx -xzdy -xydz
L
.
(), v4 (1,1,0) 5(1,1,1).
. (10) =
yz, Q-XZ, R = .
__ _ _ __ _
dz
'
' dz
'
'
,
\yzdx + xzdy + xydz =
L
= \\{z-z)dxdy+{Ux-x)dydz+\Uy-y)dxdz
= 0.
s
s
s
. 17.10.
. : = , z = 0; :
= I, = 1; : - - z.

345
j + J - f J = j ( x 0 ^ : + x0d[r + xV0) + J(zJ0 + zJ0 +flfz)+
+ {x^dx-^y^dy + z^dz = 1-1 = 0.
B{1JJ)
. 17.10
5.11. ,
I =\xdx + {x'\-y)dy-\-{x + y + z)dz^
L
L ^+^=^^ z = x-\-y
.
. (10) = ,
Q- + , i? = x + >^H-z.
^ = 0 , ^ = 0 , ?=1, ^ = 0 .
dz
dz
(10)
^=1,
^=1.
{xdx + (x'{-y)dy + {x-h + z)dz = {{dxdy + {{dydz- \{dxdz,

L

. ^'{'^ =^ z = x+y
, .

346
17
In
Vidxdy^
S
\d(p{pdp=Ka^.
0

Oyz Oxz, ,
. ,
. , I = ^.

, L
x = acost,
y = asint,
z = a(cos/ + sin/),
(0<^<2:).

In
I = -a^\costsmtdt+
J a^(cos^ + sin/)cos^flfr +
2;r
+2^ \ (cost-\-sint)(cost'--smt)dt
= ^ \ cos^tdt = ^.
5.12. = 1 + yzj + xzk

, :
x + z = l, j ; = 0; y + z = l, = 0
^ +^ =\, z = (. 17.11)
.
. 17.11
. (12). ,
^ = , Uy = yz, ^ = xz,
,
347
|(,?)= J xzdz+ j yzdy+ \ xydx =

L
AB
CA
5.13.
:
a) a = (x^-y)i+(y^+x)j
R
; )
jc = cos/, y = asmt, z = bt
(0<t<27r).
, a) ,

j>{a.dr) = ll
5^v
, ^=^ - ,
,
\
dxdy.
^ = ^ + ,
27
j){a,dr) = 2Jd(pjpdp = 27iR\

L
) (12). , ^ =,
=, ^ = Z,
,
2
Ud,dr)=
\ cos t {- sin tdt)-i- {asmtacostdt+
[btbdt^ln^b^,
0
5.14.
= yzJ + 4x^j + ^
S: 4^ +^ =(z-2) ,
. , ,
.
.
(. 17.12).

348
17
= (5,^)= \^-\-^\
= (^yzdx-\-Ax^dy-\-y^dz,
^ -\-^ =4, z = 0,dz = 0

2
16
= 2-z,
= , dx = 0
|2
hc=l/dz
= \{z-2fdz
{z-iy
8
3'
2 + z = 2, = 0, dy = 0
-0.
1=0
, = 1^ + /^ = 8.
. 17.12
5.15.
= ^ + 27 + z^k ^ + >^^ + z^ = R^
2 = 0.
. L
^ '\-^ =R^, ^ = ^^, ci^-1,
a^-z^,
(13)
(5,flfr) =
-3\\x^y^dxdy,
349

R. ,
InR
(, J r ) = - 3 j j ^ cos^ (^ sin^ (ppdp =

3 ^ 6 J 2. f
6 4
Jll--(l-cos4(p)
5.16.
d = zi + 2yzj + ^ ABC
^ + 9^ = 9 - z,
: > , j^ > , z > 0.
.
i
rot 5 =
(dlyz
A A A
lyz
dz
y^
dy^
dy
dz
dlyz
\i +
dz
dy 2
1/ +
dz\
^ + 9^ = 9 - z
. 17.13.
. 17.13
350
17

= JJ(rot a,n)dS = j j cos pdS,
s
s
cos j8 > cos pdS = dxdz.
3
9-x'
9-x^
C=^^dxdz = ^dx J dz = ^z\

0
^xz
.3 \
^ = j(9-x^)^jc = 9x0
lo
= 18.
\^
15.17. :
a) d^{6xy-xy^\i
-\-\^ -x^y\j\
6) a=yzi-^-xzj-\-xyk.
, a) . ,
_^.
- = 6 2, - = 6 2, . . rot = 0.
:
, (0,0),
(,0), {,).
= j {a,dr) + C = j{a,dr) + j{a,dr) + C,
(,(ir ) = (6xj^-xj^^ j(ix + f3x^ -x^yjdy.

OA = , dy = ,
j(5,rfr) = 0.
dx = 0
2,.2
J(5,rfr) = J ( 3 x ' - x V ) ^ 7 = 3 x V - ^ ^ ^ + C.
) , , .
. r o t a = 0 .
,
, ,
^
^" ÔZ
" ' ' ' "OZ
^ "
^"^'
" ^ "
^"^
ABC,
(0,0,0), (,0,0), 5 (,;;,0), (x,j;,z).
351
{d,dr) = yzdx + xzdy + xydz.

y-Q,
dz = ,
Jy = 0, z = 0,
\{a,dr) = Q.
dx = 0, z = , cfe = , ,
X)
rfx = , (iy =
|(5,(ir ) = Ixydz = xyz + .

5
, U = xyz + .
5.18. ,
= [^ -z^)J + 2]-{2xz + 1)
) ; ) .
, .
, )
J
rota =
a(-2jcz-l)
ly^-z^
d{y'-z')
dz
dz
dixy
dz
dy
-(2JCZ + 1)|
a(-2xz-l)^
dx
= {-2z + 2z)j + {2y-2y)k
d2xy
7 + :
=0
2\
^(/-z')
A: =
I +
352
17
, ,
)
. _ ^ ^ciy
= 2-2 = 0.
div5 = ^
dz
, .
,
(14),
, ,
(. 17.14).
\
. 17.14
U{x,y,z)=
j [^ -'z'^)dx + 2xydy-{2xz + \)dz= j + J + j
: = 0, z = , dy = 0, dz = 0,
X
45: = const,
z = 0, t/x = 0, <iz = 0,
5: = const,
^ const,
dx = 0, dy = 0
^ = - J (2xz + l)(iz = - x z ^ z^-C.

0
, f/ (x, , z) = xy^ -xz^ -z + C.
18

18.1.
1. + /,
X, , / ,
: /^ = - 1 , f =-/, f = 1, " =i . .

z = {x,y) , : - Rez,
y-Imz,
Z = X + / {,)
X . ,
, .
,
.
-
, .
x-iy z-x-îy

z". , F = z.
2.

/
354
18
) jc + Oz = jc, ^-yi-yi^
^^ -yi^x^-^yî^ x = Xj ^^
) (x4->^z)4-(xj+7j/) = (x + Xi) + (j4-yi)/,
)
{-yi){x,^ry,i)--{xx^-yy,Y{xy,^rx,y)i,
3. .
Z = X + />
{, ) - =
= ^^ +3;^
|z|, < ,
,
.
Z 2 (: = 0,1,2,...)
Arg z. Argz
0<Argz<2^,
arg z. = cos (, ^ sin (,
z = x + j^/ = r(cos^ + /sin(p).

:
) (cos + / sin ( ) , (cos >^ + z sin <,) =
= rr, (cos ( 4- ,) + /sin ( + ,)).
r(cOS(p + ZSin<p)
. . /
)
-^T = -(cos(<p~(p,) + zsin((p-(p,)).
8(,+/sin^,) , ^
) (r(cos9>H-/sin^)) =r''(cosn<p + /sinA2(p).
) ^r(cos(p-îsm(p)
( + 2
. (-\-2
=\ir cos+zsin^^
: = 0,1,2,...,-1.
) ) .
4. .
'^ =cos(p + /sin^, -
355
z = (cos^ + /sin^)

z^re'^.

% (,
-71 <(pQ< . : =
, \nr-\-i%,
5. .
a^z" + a^.,z"-' +... + a,z + ^0 = 0. ^. ^ 0.
^^ (
), .
ZQ ,
.
. ,
, .
z^,z^,...,z^
{in<n) ATJ , :2,..., :^ ( ^2 ? - ^ ) ' ,
a^{^z-z^)' (^""^2)' (^~^m)" -^
,
ZQ = XQ + /
7=;~/, ,
ZQ ZQ .
6.
ZpZ2,...,z,...,
>
^, \z^ - | < n>N,B lim z = .

> ^, > N
U\> /,
356
18

lim z^ = .
><
1.1. : ) (3 + 2/)(2-3/); ) (1-/) ;

, 2/
1+/
, )
, (3 + 2/)(2 - 3/) = 6 - 9/ + 4/ - 6 / ^ = 1 2 - 5/.
) , /
( l - z ) ' = l - 3 / + 3 z ' - / ' = - 2 ~ 2 z = - 2 ( l + f).
)
1 + Z (1 + /)(1-)
2
1.2.
: ) z = -2z; ) z = - l + /v3.
.
, )
. = , --2, = yjx^ + ^ =2,
: - 2 = 2 sin , ( =
. :
^
z = 2 COS
. . ^
ZSin
z = 2e
V 2
2,
,
Re Z = 0. Im z = -2
(. 18.1).
) :
jc = - l , y = S,
r = ^/lT=2, tg(p = ^ = -^j3, 9 = ^ .

X
: z = 2 cos + / s i n , z = 2e ^ . Ha
3 J
(. 18.2).
357
'
1^
1
1
(=
1
-
-2 -
. 18.1
. 18.2
1.3.
: ) z
; ) z = -
2(^/ + 2^^)'
,
'
40
2+/
/3+/
. _
.. ,
2(/3-2
,
Z =
(/+/)(/3+ 2/) _ 9 + 6// + 7 / - 2 _ 7(l + ^/3/)^ j ^ ^ ;.

2 2 '
2(/3-2/)(/ + 2/)
2(3 + 4)
2-7
>
, Rez = , Imz = .
2
2
8-19/ 1-1
40
2+/
,

) z =
_8-19/
^ ~ 40
_8-19/
~ 40
( 1 - 0 ( 2 - / ) 8-19/
(2 + / ) ( 2 - / ) ~ 40
2-/-2/-1^
4+1
1-3/_8-19/-8 + 24/_5/ _1 .
5 ~
40
~40~8'"
358
18
, Rez = 0,
Imz = - .
8
^
1.4. : ) (-1 + /) ;
. . ^
) 1 + C0S+zsin
3
3
V
, )
:
-^
. .
cos + zsin
4
4

(-l-f/)^=2^
= 4/2
15 . . 15:
cos
+ zsin
4
4
l=4V^f c o s
7:
. . 7:
hISin-
= 4(1-/).
^2
. ,
l + cos^+sin
3
3
./
+ Z
--^
64'
2
V

:
jc = v 3 ,
= \,
-^
= 2,
=,
' ^
. . ^
1 + C0SH-zsin
/ + / = 2 cos + /sin
1^
= 27(cos^:+/sin7r) = - 2 7 .
3/
1.5. : ) V ^ ;
) ^ - 2 + 2/.
, )
:
= -1,
j = 0,
= 1, = :,
- l = l(cos^-f/:).
359

4 4/
-1 . . -1\
v ~ l = v l cos
+ /sin
J 1 5
; / = 0,1,2,3;
2 ^
^
6)
= -2,
= 2,
r = 2v2,
( = ,
- 2 + 2/ = 2/2 cos + z s i n .
4
4 )
^
V^=2T27 = V
71
3- + 2
-^2
4
. 4
cos-^^
+ zsin-^^
, :
2
(
\
\ (
. 5 .
5
cos
+ 1 sin
= v2 - s i n - ^ + i c o s 12
12
12
12
V
(
19 . . 19
. 7 1 .
71
sin
/ COS
cos- + j s i n 12
12 ^
^
12
12
V
u^
1.6. : a) x^ + 8 = 0; 6) z^ + 4z^ + 3 = 0.
, a) ,
:
jc = V ^ = V8 cos
k = 0,
= \,
+ 2
. 71 + 2
+zsin
..._j
1..V3
x^=2 -+l
2
= 1 + //3;
^2 = 2 ( - 1 + /0) = ~2;
I, : = 0,1,2.
360
: = 2, = 2
, 2
./
2
18
= 1-//3.
) z^ =w, w^+4w4-3 = 0,
vVj = - 1 , ^2 = - 3
(z^ + l)(z^ + ) = 0. z^ 2 = i\ ^,4 = ^*>/.
1.7.
J
(2 + / ) z i + ( 2 - / ) z 2 = 6 ,
j(3 + 2z)zi+(3~2z)z2=8.
. , z^ z^
,
(2 + /)(xi+zyi) + (2-/)(x2+/y2) = 6,
|(3 + 2/)(x,+o;J + (3-2/)(x2+z>2) = 8
2xj -\- 2zy, - /Xj - jî + 2^2 + 2/2 " + >^2 ~ 6?

, + 3/| + 2/Xj - 2j;j + 2 + 3/^2 ~" 2ix2 "*" ^ ^ ^

,
2, - jVi + 2X2 - 2=6,
X, + 2^ - 2 + 2^^2 = ,
3xi - 2jVi + 2 + 2;2 = 8,
2xi + 3;;^ - 2X2 4- 2 = 0.

.
2 -1 2
1 2 -1
=
3 -2 3
2 3 -2
1
2
2
3
0-5
4 - 3
1 2 - 1 2
=2
0-8
6-^
0 - 1 0 - 1
4 -3
3 - 2 = 4.
-1
361
X =
1
6 -1 2 1
1
2
_ 1 0 2 - 1 2
= 2 -1
~4 8 -2 3 2
3 -2
0 3 -2 3
2
., _ 1 1
~4 3
2
"'=
AJC-,
6 2
0 -1
8 3
0 -2
2 -1
1 1 2
~ 4 3 -2
2 3
-]
2 = 2;
3
1|
2
= 1;
2
6 1|
0 2
8 2 = 2;
0 |
|2 -1
1 1 2
2 i
-1 ()
4 3 -2
2 3
3
-2
i{
= -!
()
, Zj = 2 + /, Z2 = 2 - /.
1.8.
sin(p + sin2<p4-... + sin9, (^2,
keZ.
. '^ =cos(p-îsin(p, sin^ = Ime'''^,
sin 2( = Im '^^,... ,
= '^, S = ^^
1-
-,
362
18
.n
.n
i<p+in
2"'(l-e""')
S = Im= Im-
Ha
,
sin
1
\ 1> ^ ^
S=
=^-Ime
(
sin
.
sin
.
.9 sin
\ t> ^
Ime
sin
2
s1
in
1 ,
fl).
sin
1.9. : a) lim
1-'
-; 6) lim
V
) l i m Y ; r) z =l + z + ... + z",
In
z<l.
, a)
, ^
1
lim
= lim ^
1 + /1) 1I
= = -1.
J
) " =1, lim

I
= lim
= 1.
)
,
=-
,. ^ /*
1
1
5(5 + /)
5 .^ .,
hm> - =
=
= 7 W
= ( 5 + 0-1^5* l-q
1_1 ( 5 - / ) ( 5 + /) 26^
^
5
363
) \z\ < 1,
.
-^^ , S = z
? z -
1-Z
18.2.
1. z = x + iy,
D,

w = u + iv, w z
D w = f(z).
z
X , di w
t;, v
X , .. u=ii[x,y),
v = v[x,y).
D,
L, (. 18.3). ,
(.
18.4), . .
. 18.3
. 18.4
w = / ( z )
z-^ ZQ, > 5 > ,
364
18
Z 7t ZQ, | Z - Z Q | < 5,
| / ( z ) ~ ^ | < .
I i m / ( z ) = A
jR > 5 > ,
1^2^^ | z - Z o | < 5 ,
| / ( z ) | > i ? , l i m / ( z ) = oo.
W f{2) , ZQ,
l i m / ( z ) = /(zQ). Z),
.
2.
2
^
3
2
=1 + + + + ...,
1! 2! 3!
Z'
sinz =
Z'
+
2
cosz = l
...,
+ ...,
2! 4! 6!
,

^' =cosz + /sinz,
(2)
,

-\-
cosz =
, sin =
2
.
li
(3)
^^
(2),
^^ = ^'^ = "" (cos >^ - / sin >;).

U
'-""
,
'+"'
.
shz
.
chz ,^.
shz =
, chz =
, thz =
, cthz =
P)
2
2
chz
shz
(4)
365

sh Z = -~/ sin /z, ch z = cos /z, th z = -i tg /z, cth z = i ctg /z. (6)
z",
z'', e", sinz,
cosz, tgz
Inz, arcsinz, arccosz, arctgz,
, .

Lnz = ln|z| + /(argz + 2/:7r), (: = 0,1,2,...),
(7)
In |z| + / arg z = In z
,
Ln z = \nz + 2knL
(8)
2.1. : a)vi; = z ^ - z z = l + z;
) w = e z = i.
.
.\3
) w = (l + /) - ( 1 + /) = 1 + 3 / - 3 - / - - 1 - / = - 3 + /.
) (2) w = e^ =cos + zsin = /.
2.2. / ( z ) = x^->^/, z=^x + yi. :
)/(1-0; )/(, ) : = 1, j ' = - 1 . ,

/ ( l ~ z ) = l + /.
) jc = , >^ = 1 / (/) = ~/.
2.3. ) z = 2 cos t + i sin t;
6) z = t + -.
t
, a) z = JC + >'/, jc = 2 cos /, y = sin /.
/, = cos^ t, y^ = sin t,
x'
^
+ j;^ =1, T. e. .
4
366
18
....
1
1
) x^t ---, - t
X
.
2.4. w = z^.
. z^^z^^ zf -z\.
^^'"^ = ^^'"^^.
^1=^2? ^
2(^ =2(2+27 (: = 0,1,...). z, ^Z2, (^ ^^+,
. . .
, .
2.5. : ) cos/; ) sin(2-/); ) ch(l + 3/).
, ) (3),
.
"+-"
cos I =
-'+
=
^,
= 1.
2
2
) (3) (4),
21+1
-2i-l
^2/
-I
-2i
. /^ .4
-
2i
2/
sin(2-zj = e(cos2 + /sin2)-e~^ (cos2-/sin2)
~
2i
cos2(e-e~^W/sin2(e + e"^)
-I
= sin2
e-\- e
zcos2/cos 2
2/
eê
= sin2chl-/cos2shl.
2
)
^ 1 + 3 / _ ^ ^-(1+3/)
ch(l + 3/) =
= cos3
=f^(cos3 + /sin3) + ^ ^ (cos3-/sin3)j =

e-\- e~
+ /sin3
e~~ e~
= cos3chl + /sin3shl.
367
2.6.: ) L n ( l - / ) 1(1~/); )/^^'; ) 3'.

, ) l - / = z
r = |z| = vl^+l^ = v 2 ,
(7)
< = arg z = arctg =

1 4
(/: = 0,1,2,...).
, argz =

, (8) 1
71
In (1 - /) = Ln Z - 2 ^:/ = In 2 + / arg z = In 2 - / ^ .
^
^
2
^
2
4
) ,
)
3'- =^' ^^/(13.2 ^^/1^-2. ^ ^ - 2 . . ( c O S l n 3 + / s i n l n 3 ) ,
(: = 0,1,2,...).
18.3.

1.
w = / ( z ) Z
Aw
Az = + /Aj; Az
368
18
f (z)= lim
^ ^
= lim^
Az-Ô 2
^-^.
Az-^0
/n
V^/
w = / ( z ) ,
z D, .
f{z)

Z>,
() D. f{z)
ZQE D
.
w=^f(z) = u(x,y) + iv(x,y)
Z> ze D
dv dv
,-,,,

_dv
'
dv
'
- .
-
w = f[z)
ZG D.
-
{,() ^ 1
dv{r,(p) _^ 1 {,()
('

w = / ( z )
w, v ,
^,/4 .dv dv .dv . dv
f (z) = -i = 4-z =
/ =
dx
dx dy
dx dx
dy dy
.du
/-,
dy
(4)
^^
369
(
.dv\
z l
\(dv
(
(5)
( J
2. ,

.
f{z) g{z) Z),

(f{z)giz))'=r{z)g'{zy,
{f{z)g{z)^=r{z)giz)
+ f(z)g'{z);
J'iz)giz)fiz)giz)^
r(z)

1
(arcsinz)
Vb^
(arccosz) = Inz) = - ,
(arctgz) =
VT":
1
2 '
1+z
(sinz) =cosz,
(shz) =chz,
(cosz) = - s i n z ,
(chz) =shz.
y.
D f(z) = u + iv,
- ,
.
(
)
370
18
. , (, )
D ,
{^.) D.
v{x,y) ,
"(^'>^)= J -Kdy^^'ydx.
(7)
3.1. , :
) f{z) = e^"\ 6)w = zRez; ) / ( z ) = z^; ) w = Lnz; ) w = z.
.
, )
[,) = ^"" cos , (jc, JH) = ^"" sin , - = ^"" cos ,
= - sm , - = sin , = cos ,
(2) ,
. (4)
f(z)=: + i = 3e'''cos3y + i3e'''sm3y =

= '' (cos + / sin ) = '^'^''^ = '=.
:
/ ' ( z ) = (e^^)%3e^\
371^
)
w = u-\-iv-[x-\-iy)x
= x^-\- ixy.
2
^
^ dv
dv
= , v = xy, z = 2x, ^- = 0, ^- = , z = x.
(2)
: = , -, ,
2 = 0.
) z = '"^,
f(^z) = z^= ^'^"^ = ^ cos 5( + ir^ sin 5(,
w = r^cos5(jo, u = r^sin5(p, = 5Hcos5^,
5 '
^^
^^
= -5 sin5(p, = 5 sm5(p, = 5 cos5(p.

^
(
(3) ,
. (5)
/ ' ( z ) = (z^) = - ( 5 / c o s 5 ^ + / 5 / s i n 5 ^ ) =
=
(cos 5( + / sin 5^) =

z
= Sz"^.
z
r) Lnz = lnr + /((p + 2/:;r),

1
u = \nr,
^/
du \
du ^
v = (p-h2kn, -= - , T= 0,
dr r
dip
(3) ,
^ 1 = .
1
W/ = (/L n z jV =
Z
dv ^ dv .
= 0, - = 1.
dr
d(p
(5) -
372
18
) w = u-\-iv = x-iy,
^ ^ dv ^ dv
= 1, rr- = 0, = 0, = - 1 .
ox
ay
dx
ay
(2) ,
.
3.2. : ) / ( z ) = z ~^; ) / ( z ) = ctg z.
, ) / ( z )
,
2.
=,
v = -y,
f {z) = 2ze-'+z^ {--') = ze"
{2-z).
6) / ( z )
, Z,
2 / 7 z ) =
.
sin Z
3.3. v(x,y) = e'' siny

/ ( z ) . .
dv
J, .
dv
. - = ^ sinj^, --^
J,
cosy,
JC
- = cosy,
ox
^ .
-z = -e sin .
ay
.^.
(8)
,
W = J "" cosydx = "" cos-\'((j),
({) .
({) w ^^ (8)
= - smy + (p [) = -
(\) = 0 (() = ,
smy.
373
, uê""^ + , ,

/ (z) = W + = "" cos + -\- ie"" sin =
= e''{cosy + is'my)+C = e' +.
3.4.
(,) = ^ -^ +.

.
. ^
^ ^ ^ ^
. , -+- = 2 - 2 =

. , [,) .
(6)
v{x,y)=
j -{-2y + x)dx + {2x-hy)dy =

{^)
^0
>'0
+^-2>;-4
2
^ " 2 = -^(^^-/)
2^
' + 2;;-2-4-4
"^"2
2 =
= - - ( ' - / ) + 2 + .
f{z) = x^-y^+xy
+ --{^-^)
= ^ + 2xyi - ^
xî + +yî + Ci =
= ( + /)^
+ 2 +
i{x^ + 2xyi- y^) + Ci = z^
I =
zî + Ci.
374
18
18.4.
1. L -
D. ZQ
z. L
z^, z,, Z2,..., z_i, z
5 , = / ( z o ) A z o + / ( z , ) A z , + . . . + /(z_jAz_,,
Az^=z^î-z^
(: = 0,1,...,-1).
, ,
> ,
f{z) L
\f{z)dz=\\mj^f{z,)^z,.
(1)

:
1)
\{f,{z)f,{z))d2
2) \af{z)dz
L
\f,{z)dz\f,{2)dz,
L
a\f{z)dz,
L
a ,
3) L L,
, \ f (^z)dz = -\f
I
(^z)dz,
4) L ^^.^^.^^,
\f{z)dz = \f{z)dz^\f{z)dz
+ ,^-\f{z)dz.
375
/ ( z ) = w(x,j^) + /;(x,j;),
2-

\fi^z)dz-\u{x,y)(h-v{^x,y)dy
L
+ i\v{^^
(2)
L x = x{t), = {^),
z(^) = x(r) + /y(/),

\f{z)dz = ]f[z{t)y{t)dt.
t,
2^. . / ( z )
D,
/
^ / ( z ) J z = 0.
(4)
/ ( z )
D, L .
//,...,/^, L
, .

<^f{z)dz = <^f{z)dz+<^f{z)dz+.,.
L
+ <^f{z)dz,
.^.
In
3. L - ,
D z^ z, ZQ 2
. 0 ( z ) = J / ( g ) J^
-
z D,
0'(z) = / ( z ) .
376
18
, {2)-^
,
/ ( ^ ) .
F{z) f{z),
-
]f{g)dg = F{z}-F{z,).
(6)

.
4. . / ( ^ )
D. ZQE D
/ D,
fiz,) = ^jli^dz.
(7)
5^.
/ ( 2 ) D

.
4.1. J Im z^fz, L ,
L
1 + /.
. ,
1 + /, = /, y = t,
/ 1.
z = {l + i)t.
Imz = , dz = {\ + i)dt. (3)
Jlmzfife= [/(1 + /) =
'
2
1+/
377
4.2. ||<^^5 L
|z| = 1 .
. z^x-^-iy,
\\z\dz = Ux^+y^dx
L
+ iUx^
+y^dy.
L = cos t,
j ; = sin^, Q<t<K, , dx = -s\ntdt, dy = costdt
|z| = ^^ + = 1 ,
J |z| dz = - j sin tdt + / j cos tdt = cos i + /sin^ = -2.
4.3. jf{z)dz,
/ ( z ) = (j^^+x) + x^", L
, z ^ = 2 - z
z^ =3 + 2/.
. w = j / ^ + , t; = ^,
(2)
{f {z)dz = \(^^ + x)dxL
\x^dy + i{x^dx + [y^ + x)dy,

L
,
.
:
^ = ^^^-^^ 7 = 3~7, = -{ + 1).
2 + 1 3-2
'
3^^ ^
dy = , dx^-dy
i
-1
J / ( z ) J z = ~ j / + - ( j | ; + 7 ) U ; - 3 J x ' ^ + zjx't3bc +
378
+/
18
dy = -
/^\{^^)
+ /-
= ^11 ^
" 2
3 ''
1-1
4.4. J z^dz.
. z^
, (6)
2+i
]z^dz = \zf=\[{^^^^^
dz
4.5.
, L x = 2cos/, = sm^.
Jz + 3
. f{z) =
, ,
(4)
= 0.
lz + 3
4.6.
i t ^+'
. , |^| = 2,
, ..
Z = -Z . f{z) = sin z . (7),
,7,
z+i
=2
, z+i
|2
^ ^
=
= -27ii sin / = -2Ki

2i
379
4.7. I
"' ^ ^ ,
l ( z + l)
z = - 1 .
. (8), / () = ^

f e^dz
iKi dê^
./ ^x
Ki
J(z + l /
2! Jz^
^ ^-^
e
4.8.
2
? L U^-i)(^+i)
, z = 1.
. / ( g ) =
^, (8)
(z+l)
-cfe
' ( z - 1 ) '
4.9. f
~ 3!
Jz'
"
16
dz, L
|z|=2.
. / ( z )
z = 1 z = - / ,
.
(. 18.5),
| z - l | < |z + z| < ,
,
.
, (5)

lf{z)dz = \f{z)dz + lf{z)dz.
380
18
. 18.5

2Z+/-1
zl+z+i
1
1
( z - l ) ( z + /) ( z - l ) ( z + /) z + i + - z-V
TO
+ z/ -- li
f 2zzz +
, T dz
az dz
az r dz
az dz
az
\-dz=
+
+
+
.
J ( z - l ) ( z + /)
J z + / J z - 1 {z + i J z - 1
(4) ,
..
. (7) 2ni.
,
2Z + / - 1 = 4:/.
18.5.
1. f{z)
, .
f{z)

f{z) = f{a)+^^{z-a)^^{z-a)\...,
(1)
381^
/ > ) ^ ^ r / t e ) 4 . ( = 0,1.2....).
(2)
= , (1)
/
/'(0)
/"(0)
/'"(0) 3
/(^) = /(0) + ^ ^ + ^ ^ ^ + ^ ^ ' + -
(3)
/ ( ^ ) .
2. f{z)
< |z - | < /? C^.C^vi
Z = . / ( z )

f {z) = c^-^c^{z-a) + c^{z-af
+.,.-\-c{z-ay -{-...-\-
+ - ' ' ^ + - ^ : ^ + ...+ ""- +...,

(4)
z-a)
(^-)
^? .

1 f{z)dz

.
(4)
/(z)=y;(z)+/,(z),
(6)
fA-) = tc{z-a)\
(7)
=0
382
18
=i
\z,-a)
(7) ,
(8) .
(7) |z - | < i?, (8)
|z - | > .
/ (z)
Z =
/(=2;-^-'
(9)
r < | z - a | < o o ^
^c^(z-a)" , 2^^^
=
=o(z)
.
= , (9)
f{z)=Y,Cz\
(r<|z|<oo),
(10)
/1=
^c^z"
'^
, 2^"" .
/1=0
-\

^, sinz, COSZ, In(l + z), . .
3. ,

/ ( z ) 0<|z-a|<jR.

, . . ^^+
=^-+... +
= ^ ^ , -
z-a
(z-a)
i^-^y
- / ( ^ ) ,
_, ^/ / ( z )
. = 1, .
383
/(2:)
: ,
l i m / ( z ) = a, , l i m / f z )
.

/1=0
> |z - fl| <

/ ( ^ ) > (2
f{z).
5.1. z + i
f{z) = z\
. f{z) = z :
f{z) = 6z'; r{z)=30z\

/'\z)=360z\
r{z) = mz';
/ ^ ' ( z ) = 720z; / ^ ' ( z ) = 720; /'\z)
= 0;..
= -i:
/ ( / ) = -!;
f'{i) = -6i;
/ " ( 0 = 30; / ' " ( 0 = 120/;
/ ' ) ( 0 = -360; / ' ) ( / ) = -720/; / ' ) ( / ) = 720.

(1),
/ ( z ) = - l - 6 / ( z + 0 + 15(z + / ) 4 2 0 / ( z + / ) ' -15(z + / ) ' ' - 6 ( z + /)^+(z + /)*.
5.2.

/ (z) = In (l + , .
. :
1+^
^(4)( . _ {---){1
{\ + ')
+
^)-4={'--)
(1 + -)
384
18
z = :
/(0) = 12,
/'(0) = ^, /"(0) = 7 ' '(0) = 0, /^0) = -^2
(2),
1(1 + = 12 + -Z + Z^2 'i
2 8 192
1
5.3. : ) .. + -
2'(z + l)
1
+ -
2^(z + l ) '
Z + 1 (z + 1)'
(z + 1)'
2(z + l)
(4-3/
(4-3/)'
4-3/
Z-
+ 1 + + . .\2 +
+ ..
5/ (5/)'
{Si)
, )
)...+
2-
-+
1
1
+
2(z + l) 2^( + 1)'
,
1
2^(z + l)- -+...
(11)
(z + 1)'
3'
(12)
Z + 1 (z + 1)'
3
3'
(11) z +1 = ,
---1-...
2 2' 2'
.
>+1
R = lim
, \\ < 2
1
Z+1
= lim
= 2. ,
/1+1
<2. , (11)
|z +1| > , . . =
jit
z = ~ l .
JL
385
(12):
_1_
><
1
5+1
, (12)
|z + l| < 3. , ,
< |z +1| < 3.
)
Z^
1 + +
'
5- +
....
^ + ...
(14)
(13), (14)
4-3/
Z ^

. Z
5/
, .
.<1
Z
< 1, .
I
I I
4 - 3 / = / 1 6 + 9 =5,
5 / = 5 , --<1 ^ < 1
|z|
5
|z| > 5 |z| < 5. ,
.
5.4. z z^
: ) / ( z ) = - ^ ^
B)/(z) = e^,
Zo=:oo;
Zo=0; ) / ( z ) = s i n ^ ,
)
/(z) = z V ,
Zo=0.
Zo=2;
386
18
, )
*^^^^"(z--l)(z-2)
z-l'^z~2'
^ ( z - 2 ) + 5 ( z - l ) = l.
, - 1 = \,
,
/(-) =
1 _
Z-2
Z-1
j _ ^ j_l
2
z

Z = 1 Z = 2,
1 < Iz| < 2.
f{z) Z
, 2
Z

^ V /
Z
I JLmJ <>
=1 2
V^ 1
Zmd
=1 Z ^
= g
Z--2
^3
2+1
1! 3! 5!
^ ^ (2w + l)!
,
1
f{->Y.^-^)'
t^
(2n + l ) ! ( z - 2 )
2-1
'
. . .
< |z--2| < ^.
387
) z = , f\ hie''
/ = ((),
<)=-
-'^^; "{) =
1
-+
0+^/ (1+^
(1+^
= , ^ ( 0 ) = , ('{0) = -,

({)=<
1!
("{0) = 3,...
2!
^+1 ^ J
i-i+
Uz 2!z'-+...

Z = - 1 , .
1
i
= g ^
Z
1! 2!
\
,
/ ( z ) = z V =z^+ + + ... +
7 + ---
*^ ^ ^
1! 2!
!z"-'
,
.

Z = ,
0<|z|<oo.
388
18
5.5. :
i
. ) ^ \
z(z-l)(z + 2 / '
(z4/)
, 1-C0SZ
,
)
5; ) gz^
) ctg^z;
) cos
^
^-2
, ) ,
. z = z = 1
, z = - 2 .
) z +/ = 0,
z^ = -/.

: ^ ,
71
Înk
+ 2nk
2
= cos
f-1 sm 2
î=.
+ zsin
cos
"2j
(A: = 0,1). ,
Vi
. ,
{}î)
V2
72
.
cos Z
) ctg^z =
.
sin Z
sin^ Z = 0. z^ = . : = , 1,...
.
)
1
- .1 - ^ -1 - > - > ^ (/ - .
1)\. J 1 ....+.
cos-
z-2i
2\{z-2i)
{2n)\{z-2i)
z = 2 /
. lim cos
2^2/
2 - 2i
, z = 2/ .
389
) ,
z =
.
1
,. l - c o s z ,.
lim
= lim
2sin
9 1
^ = ,
T. e. , z = .
) z = 0.
= ,
1! 2!
z'l!
z'2!
(z'^j^z!
. . _1_
z = 0. lime^' ,
2-^0
Z = .
18.6.

1. f{z) D
zâ,
. ,

/ ( ^ ) ,
f\z)
\f(z)dz

res[/(z),a] = ^ j / ( z ) J z .
(1)
390
18
/(z) __^

(z-fl) .
/ (z),

res[/(z),a] = lim(z-a)/(z).
(2)
- ,

resr/(z),a1 = - i - l i m
L^
^J__}_!\
/ ( ^ ) z = ,
re^[/(z),oo] = -c_^.
(4)
/ ( ^ )
^(^) ^ ' / (z) /2 (z)
, f\a)^^,
f^{a)^^,
/2 {)^,

.[/(^).a] = Afel.
(5)
2^. . f{z)
D
^,2,...,,^, ,
\f(z)dz
/ ( ^ )
21, . .
J/(z)c/z = 2 7 r / X r e s [ / ( z ) , ^ , ] .
=\
(6)
391[
3. f{z)
,^ (: = 1,2,...)

z ^ | / ( z ) | < M , > 0
.

] f{x)dx
= 2niY,res[f{z),a,'],
-.
(7)
=\
. . 2 / ( ^ )
^^,
.
4. . / ( ^ )

, / ( z ) = e""^F(z), >0
F (z) -> , z-ôo , Im z > ,

] f{x)dx
= 2Ki^rts[f{z),a,'].
(8)
Z
6.1. : ) f(z) = '

(z + l ) ( z - 2 ) '
, / W = ^
; e) .) =
, a) z = - 1 ,

z = 2 -
-. , (2)
(z + l ) ( z - 2 )
392
r e s [ / ( z ) , - l l = lim (z + 1)
(z + l ) ( z - 2 )
r e s [ / ( z ) , 2 ] = lim (--2)(z + l ) ( z - 2 )
6) / ( z )
18
lim
= .
^-^-'z-2
3'
4
""
(z-3/)(z + 3/)
3/ -3/.
r e s [ / ( z ) , 3 / ] = lim ( z - 3 / )
1
1
= lim( z - 3 / ) ( z + 3/)
1
r e s r / ( z ) , - 3 / 1 = lim (z + 30
( z - 3 i ) ( z + 3i)
6i~ 6'
) /,
r e s [ / ( z ) , / ] = Hm
z + i'
(z-ty z - i
= lim(z + /) = 2/.
) -
z = l3i .
1
.
f{z) =
(z + l - 3 / ) ( z + l + 3z)
res [ / ( z ) - 1 + 3/]= lim (z+1-3/)z^-l+3/
(z + l-3/)(z + l + 3/)
r e s r / ( z ) , - l - 3 / ] = lim
-=
L-^v /
J z-^-i-3,(z + l - 3 / ) ( z + l + 3/)
6/
J_-_i
6i~
6'
= -.
6
) z = /
, (3)
393
(z-,f ^
res [f{-)A
{2-l)\-
(z4l)'
lim-
dz
d (z-0 \2
(z-O (z + 0
= limrfz
= lim
= lim-
dz
z z+/- z
+ (z + )^ J
.\2
(z + i)
res[/(z),-/]:
l i m !-
ildl-,:.
'-^^ = lim
(z4,y
dz
(2-1)!^'
= lim ^^
2z z / z
Z-/
'A
i{z-ir
e) z = - 2 .
(3)
res[/(z),-2] = - -
(3-1) I z-^-2
(z + 2)
-^Z
(z + 2y
dz'
^^
=
lim rfz'^ ^ = 3z-^-2
lim z = - 6 .
2---^-2
6.2. : a) / ( z ) = ctgz
z = 0;
) / ( ^ ) = sin a = 0;
z
) / ( z ) = zCOS a = oo,
z
394
18
, ) a = Q. / (^) =
(5)
COSZ
sinz
, -
= ^ = l.
res [/(z),0]
"-" cosO
1
) = Z
2+1
sin^ = - ^ + ^ - . . . + (-l)"
+
1!
3!
'
^1 5!
-!
^
' (2 + 1)!
...
,
. 1 1
sin =
Z z\\
1
?7-- +
z'V. z'5!
2+1
(2 + 1) + ...
_|
/ ( z ) 1.
) (4).
,

/
In
/ ( z ) = zcos - = - 1 + C0S
Z 2\
4:'
1 + 1I+ . _
Z
z'2!
V
resr/(z),ooJ = -c_p ^,
z^dz
6.3. : ) "; w
7' ^^^ ^ (^ + 4 ) ( z - l )
.
e'dz
II
Z ^ ^' ) J 1 / 1IT' ^^ ^ | = 1.
(z49)'
, )
/(z) =
-. 2/, ~2/, 1
(z-2zj(z + 2 / ) ( z - l )
395
|z| = 3.
.
resr/(z),2z1=:lim ./ \
\-
t.
^-
-=
(z + 2z)z^
res / ( z ) , - 2 z = lim
V: r^ r =
?
L^ V 7' J z^-2/(^-2/)(z + 2 / ) ( z - l ) 2-i
L*^^ ^' J 2-l

^-(z44)(z-l) 5
(6)
:z^dz
= lKi
J(z44)(z-1)
1
1 1
+
2+1 2-i +5
1
+ - = 27ti.
5
5
6) f(z)=
= 2ni
2-i+2+i
,

zMz + 9 )
a" ax 3/. =
= ,
e'dz
= 2^/res[/(z),0].
Jz^(z49)
zê^
/
1
resr/(z),Ol = ! l ilim
m
L-/ V / ' J (2-1)!--^0
z4z'+9)
^^
^- = lim
^^0
Jz

eVz
_2ni
(z'+9)~ 9
^ "*"^ - fife
396
18
6.4. : ) J
cos X dx
fcosxajc
{ ^ +9
dx
(.41)'
dx
ax
^ J fl + cosx
f xsmx
,
i x ' ~ 2 x + 10
, a)
f{z)'-
ii.tl

/. z^f{z^ |z|>
: 0.
, lim
(z4l)'
.\3
(z-O
res[/(z),/] =
(3-1)
(z~/) (z + z)
dz'
1
2 -^'-
dz^
=lim-
12
2^-'(z + 0'
_3_
16/
no (7)
dx
1( x 4 l ) '
'l6/
6)
'+9
/ ( ^ ) = ze'- .
z49
, , F ( z ) =
z^H-9
Z > DO , . . limF(z) =
3/ ,
397
(z-3i)e'"
^ = 2:8 / ( z ) , 3 i =2:^^--
= 2ni =
' 6/ '
r cosxrfx X3 f ^
J ^
~ ^ ^ J ~1
,
:
" ^ ~ '
cosjc
^cosjcJx
;r
^
J^
= j.
B)

,
X - 2 + 10
f{z\.
^ ^ z ' - 2 z + 10
/ ( ^ ) , . .
'7
lim F{Z)- lim ^

= ,
= 1 + 3/ ,
Jme
,^tf ^
J.
\J
' - 2 + 10
VJ \ )^
./
-I .
(z-l-3i)ze''
r e s r / ( z ) , l + 3/1= lim ^
^
(1 + ) , ' - 3
- = -^^
^
{-^
^ = - ( l + 3 0 e ' - ' = - e - 4 l + 30(cosH-/sinl) =
= "^ (cos 1 - 3 sin 1) +"^ (3 cos 1 + sin 1) /.

398
-7
, 7 ^cosjc
= ~i
, .7 jcsinx
-
18
,
7
jcsinjc
_7/^
. ,
-
-
(3cosl4-sml).
i x ' - 2 j c + 10
3
^
^
, ,

7
XCOSX
-/
Z
= ( 3 c o s l - s m l ) .
ix^-2x
+ \0
3
^
^
)
If z^+1
Z = ", dz = ie'^dx == /zd^, cos x =e"+e" = - z + 2
z
2z
/
, 2 z
,
1
i&
az
,.
f-^-=f-^^-r-=-f z
i a + cosjc
dz
+2az + \
i a + z +1 / i
Iz
> \
-a + ^Ja^ - 1 .
,
^! dx
.2
1
= 2m'-res\
,-a-\-\Ja-"
-1
I + cos :
/
iz H-2az + l
= 4K
z + a-yja^ -\
lim
:
^-^-^^^^'-Mz + a - V a ^ - l j f z + tz + V a ^ - l J
= 4n
27
2/'-1
V'-l
399
18.
1. w = / ( z )
ZQ /'(zo)?tO. z = jc + /y
w = u + iv, . . {,)

{u,v) Owi;. , L

L' Ouv . L',
w = / ( z ) , : '
L Ouv.
Z), w = / ( z ) ,
, / ( ^ )
/), / ' ( z )
D.
D
.
ZQ
w = / ( z ) A: = [/'(ZQ)|, ,
>\ , <\ .
( = arg/'(zQ)
,
L ZQ ,
^^/^^) L\ , > ,
, < .
, {^->)
, w = f{z)
, {.^^)
.
2. , Zj,Z2,Z3 z
, , w^.w^.w^ \v,
-
400
18
w-w, W3-W, ^z-z,
z,-z^
w-W2 W2 -Wj z z^z^z^

- Zj, Z2, z^ w,, ^2, W3
, , ,
(1) .
7.1. <
ZQ = 1 + / w = 2z^ - z.
. ZQ
A: = | / ( z o ) | = |3 + 4/| = >/9Tl6=5,
(p = a r g / ( z j = arctg|.
7.2. , z
, ,
: ) w = e^"^; ) w = ln(z + l).
, ) vJ '~^; = |^'~' | >1 Rez > 1, Rez > 1
. Rez < 1 <\, , Rez < 1
.
6) w' =
I 1 I
, =
Iz + ll
z+1
: > 1 |^ +1| < h |z +1| < 1
. , |z + l|>l <\
|z +1| > 1 .
7.3. , /, 0,1-z
2,! + / , - / .
.
(1)
W-2 - z - ( l + / ) _ _ z - / l - /
w - ( l + z) (l + z)-2
z -z
401^

z(2z + 3)-2z
w = ^^
.
2(z + z - 2 )
7.4. w-z^
(1,1), (3,0), (0,2).
. (1, 1) z
z = l + /. w-{\-\-i) = l + 3 z - 3 - / = - 2 + 2/.
W (-2, 2).
(3, 0) z z = 3,
w = 3"^ =27, . . w (27, 0).
(, -2) z z 2i.
w = (-2/) =8z, . . (0,8).
7.5. = ^ w
w = z'.
. z = jc + /y,
w = (x + /y) =^-\-2xyi-y^
=^-^+2xyi.
W = ^ ->'^, = 2,
j = ^
X , Ouv
2
=^'*,
v = 2x^,
v2y
7.6. w =
Z
W , z: )
/ = 1 ; ) =1.
, ) = -yi w = u + iv,
1
x + yi
x-yi
{x + y){x'-'yi)
X
^-\-^
^+
402
18
=
1-, v = ,
,.
^ +^ =1
, =,
v = -,
^ +v^ = 1, . .
W .
X
) =
1
2 '
^ +
=-1 + /
i+/
/
w^-w + u^ =0,
iY
'2j
+ y'=l.
v = -j c 4 /
2
19

19.1. !

1. - / ( / )
t, [,). / < 0
/ ( / ) = 0. t ( t > 0) f{t)
| / ( ^ ) p ^ ^ ^ ^
W S . s
. , f{t)
Fi^p)
F{p) = ]e-'"f{t)dt,
(1)
. p = a + ib
. , = >s,
(1)
/?, RQp> s.
F[p) ,
f {t) .
404
19
f{t) Fi^p)
f{t)-^F[p)
F(/7) = l [ / ( ^ ) ] .
, ^ = /^

/ (^) = ~ ( / (^"" 0)+ / (^ + 0)).
2. :
1. / ( / ) > C F ( / ? ) , .
3. : ^ . / . ()>^C^/^(/7), Q
/=1
1=1
.
^\ ( > 0).
4. : f{at)-^F\1 J
)
5. : f(t-T)ê~^F(p),

> 0.
6. : e'^f(t)->F(p-a)
RQ[p-a)>s.
7. : f\t)-^
pF{p)-f(0).
/ () = ,
. f[t) f (t),
f"\t)^p"F{p)-p'-^f{0)-p"-'r{0)-...-/"-'\0).
t
FI D\
8. : \f{t)dt'-^
^^-.
9. :
ff{t)^{-\)''F^"\p),
= 1,2,...
10. : - / ( r ) = \F{^p)dp.
11. f{t)
F{t) =
^f{t-T)'g{T)dT,
g{t)
405
]f{t-T)g{x)dT^F{p)G{p),
m^F{p)-^f{t),
G{p)^g{t).
. Fi^p) f{t),
,
:
1
2
3
fit)
1
1
p-a
e'^'
1
p-a)
sin pt
cos Pt
t sin pt
t cos pt
e"^ sin pt
10
P
1
t"
^{P)
1
e"'cos pt
11 cosa(/-/)
/(
12
13
/7 Ot
ch at
P
;7^-a^
r( + i)
14
p"-
15
le
(P + ) '
16
-^
p' + P'
17
2pP
,g
e-'-e"'
l-cosat
19
ip-af
sh at
^
- + -
p~ -P^
cosPt
!
1
n\
{P' + PT
pt
P'--a-
^^^
21 4 s i n ^ s h '
(p-af + p'
a ' /2 x/2
- ^ ^ 22
{P'+PT
Im{(p + Pir')
1
1
p{p'+a')
cosat-cos
+ p'
Re((p + ^,-r')
cos-^ch-^^
{p'+a){p'
+ p'-)
P
/ + a^
- / ^
406
19
1.1. : ) f{t) = t\
) / ( / ) = sin2/; B ) / ( ^ ) = COS2/.
, )
F(/7) = \te~^^dt. ,
loo
F(p) = --e-''\
+-]e-'"dt
lo Pi
-\e-''
P
6) (1): F (^p) =\ sin lie'""dt. no

sin 2t = u; e~'"dt = dv,
F(p) =
27
27
+ cos2te''"dt = cos 2te "'dt.
--sm2te-'"
P
Pi = dv,
Pi
cos 2t = u; e ""dt
HP)=-
cos2te~'"
fsin2fe"'"^
Pi
F{p)
P
F(p)-
/+4
) F [p) = j cos2re '"J/, 2
2' ' 1 2
F(p) = [
D
1.2. :
2'^
+^}
) / () = 2 + ';
) / ( - s^^^ ^' ) sh at cos bt.

, a) f[t) = 2-\-3e^ ''^
(1), (2) (3), 2
3
F ( ) =+
-\
407
)
sin^ /
3(^'-^-)

2/
._^ -3/V
3 .
4
1 . ,
4
2/
2/
J
V
(3) (5)

3
)- 4 / + 1
3
49
6
(;,4l)(/+9)*
)
sha^ =
f(t) = -e'''co^bt ""' cosbt.

' ^^ 2
2
(10),
1

2{-+'
1
-
2( + +'
{'-'-')
({p-af+b')({p
+ af + b')'
1.3. : ) f {t) = t^ sin at\

6 ) / ( 0 = sin^/; ) f{t) = \cosZtdt;
) f{t) =
^-^.
, a) (5),
(9)
,
/
^^sina/->(-l)^
yp'W)
''-a'
t^ sin at > 2
(p^â^r
408
19
^2
P{p)=la-^f-'
{'.-)'
) ,
nuteMf'{t)^pF{p)-f{0).
/ ( 0 ) = 0,
y;'(r) = 2sin^cos^ = s i n 2 ^ - ^ - ^
V +4
2
pF[p)
F[p) = -
(6),
cos 3^ -^ ~-. (8) +9

,
'
\cos3tdt-^
^=.
, . . F(p) = z-.
) (5) sin t -^ z
. -
(10) ,
sin/
7 dp
= -arctgp, . e.F(/7) = -arctgp.
1.4. : ) | ^^ch
5?;
) / ( / ) = 6''sin4/cos2/; ) ^'('~^^cos2(/-l).
'
, ) ~^^

.
ch 3t -^^- (6),
-25
ch5r^
(;? + 3) - 2 5
(8)
409
^+-\
)
sin At cos 2f =(sin 6? + sin 2f),
no
1/ ^
if
6
2
- ( s i n 6 ^ + s m 2 n ^ - :;
+^1
2^
^ '+
'+4)
,
6
2
^' (sin 6/ + sin 20 ->
{p-2f+36
{p-2f+4
2^
^ 2
1
-4/7 + 40 -4/7 + 8
)
-+-
cos2/->^.
/7^+4

^' cos 2t -^
/7-3
/7-3
(/7-3)+4
'-6
+ \3
,
e3('-1
^'-''cos2(f-l)^
( / 7 - 3 ) . .-/'
/7^-6/7 + 13
19*2*

1.
. -
410
19
/(/) = J e'"F{p)dp,
(1)
Re/7 = CJ,
.
(1), ,
.
,
.
2. . F[p)

1
/^
, . . F() = ^^,
/(0 = 2 ^ ' ^^0 (/(0 = 0 "^ t<0).
(2)
3. . F(p)
flp(22,...,a
,
f{t) = vcs[e'"F{p);a,].
3)
^(/?)
\ - \ , P(/?),|2(/?)
Q\P)i
m 1, ( < j , ^^^^.,^
Q{^p) r^,r^,,..,r^ (,+2+... + =),
41J^
^^^.^^.^^ Q{p)

, -
/7, ,
.
Q{p)

Q{p) = {p-ci,f
{p-a^f
,,.{-,
(,+2+... + , = ) ,
Fi^p)

1=1
Am- 1
=\\^-.)
^-\
^[(p-.,rF(p)]
,7)
(-1)!^/
4". ,
/ ( ? ) ,

^ ,
F(0)
F'(0)
F("-')(0)
2.1. : a) F ( p ) = -
n-A
/7'-4/7 + 5
6)
)-,
) F{p) =
.4? ) F{p)=
,J
J.
P "-^
412
19
, ) F{^p) ,
.

-
/7-4
/7-2
/^'-4/7 + 5 ""(/,-2)(/7-2)(/7-2)
10 9 :
/?-2
1,
(j.-2)4l
> cos/, 2
(p-2f+l
-^2e^'sin/.
^^
> ^' {cost-lsmt).
-+5
)
1
{ + 1)('+4)
+
+1
'+4'

1=: {^^ +4j + [Bp + C){p + l).
,
+ = 0, + = 0, 4 + = 1,
c=i
5
_]__[
1 -\
1
1
1
{ + 1)(^+45
+1
5'+4~5 + \
' + 2'
1
2/+2'
3, 6 5 ,
/()4
' -C0S2/ +sin2r

2
) ^ = ,
2 = - 1 , ^3=2, 4 = - 3 , (5):
413
' ( ) = 4 ^ - 1 0 - 6 .
ZM=_i Z b i = l Z M = 1 ^(^4), 1
'(,)
6'
'(2)
2'
'()
6'
'(4)
3'
(5)
^
6/ :
'^ ^' 6 / 2
31
) F{jp) (6) ?( \

F(p)
=
1,1
^-4,1
1,2
^-^1,2
^2,1
^^2,1
^2,2
^^2,2
,3
^^2,3
(/7 + 1)^ /^ + 1 (;.-2)^ (;,-2)^

(7)
1
, = lim iP + ^f
,^- lim
'
1!P^-I
= lim
A22 = l i m
l!/'-*2
= lim
p^2
"(;?-2)'
27'
dp (P + ^f(;, + l)^(p-2/J
1
3p
ip-2f'{p-2r
(/'-/
AI =lim
{p-,lf{p-2f\
= lim
-2
= 0,
= Iim
(/^+1)^(^-2/]
dp
(/^-2)^
(/^ + l)^(/'-2)^
2p_
{p-^lf
{p + lf
'27'
"-^'{p + lf
9'
414
, =lim
V
dp'
(-2/
{^\)\-1)'
6
= lim
{p+if
19
{pîy
= 0.
^^
1
1
2 + 1
1
9(-2
1
2
21{-1)
4 ,
f(t) = te-^ +--"
^ ' 21
9 2
-te"
27
=-L(e-'+Zte"
27 ^
-'').
'
2.2. : ) F(p) = e~'''

6)Fip)
=.
^-;
-+4
(/+4)(j.4l)-
, ) ,
'+4
-> cos 2t.
^'' ,
^-2
-^cos2(^-2).
^+4
)
(4)(;,1)
+ Cp + D
4 -^/ + 1 ,
= ^ + -\-'^ - + ^ -^Dp^ +ACp-\-AD.

,
0 = + , 0 = 5 +
1 = ^ + 4, 0 = 5 + 4
= ,
415
= , D = B = 0. ,
1
(/+4)(/74l)
1/
f
>-(cos
-cos 2/).
3 / + 4+ 3/7'+1
3
2.3. F (/7) =cos,

/?
1
1 1
1 - 1
1
cos = 1
7+
"- 4 ! / 6 ! /
1 1
2\'- +4\'
6\'
1
(2),
U.2
f(t) = X^ + l
^ ^ ''
7171 4141
.6
/In
f_4.... = y(-l)"^
filfil
^/
=0
'
((20!))
19.3*

1.
-
(") + ,(''-... + = / ( 0 ,
(1)
^2,... 5 ^ .
,
(0) = , '(0) = ;,..., ("-'^(0) = 4"-').

(2)
416
19
(1)
, (
)
[p"+a,p"-'+...
+ a)x{p) + Q{p) = F{p),
{^) ; Q{p)
, (2); F{^p)
f{t). ,
{)^
F{p)-Q{p)
"+,"-'+... +
, [), x[t).
2.

.
, , , ,
.
3.1. :
2i) x'-5x-^6x
= 2te'; jc(0) = 0,
6) y'-2/-\'2y
= 2e'cost;
)-'
/(0)-0;
j^(0) = 0, / ( 0 ) = 0;
= ^; y{0) = \, /{0) = y\0)
r ) / ) - > ^ = sh/; y{0) = /{0) = /\0)
= 0;
= 0, y'\0)
=L
, a)
{'{)-{0)-'{0))-5{{)-{0))+6{)
^ -5 + )() =
Y'
=- ^
(-1)
{)=.
417
{-1){-){-\)'

2
{p-2){p-Z){p-\f
A
-2
B
-
C
-\
D
[-)'-

2 = {-){-1)'
+ B{p-l){p-\f
+C{p-l){p-3){p-3)+D{p-3){p-2).
= I, 2 = 2D, .. D = 1; = 3,
2 = 4,
-; = 2, = -2. 2
^, 0 = + + , = .
./
, 1) =
1 1
3 1
1
1
+
-.
-2
2 - 2 -1
{-\)
,
-\
= -2" +-" +-' +te' =( t + 2

2
[ 2
-2"+-1 - 3 ,
2
)
(p^-2p + 2)Y{p) = 2 - ^ ^ ,
(-1) +1
I
Y{p) = 2
5-.
((/,-1)41)
(7) (6), ;; = te^ sin .
)
(p'Yip)-p'y{0)-py{0)-y'{0))-(p'Y{p)-py{0)-y'{0))
= -^^,
418
19
-^
'{-1)

I
A B C
D
= + +
+p'{p-iy
' -1
{p-iy

\=
A{p-lf+Bp{p-\f+Cp^{p-l)+Dp\
= 0, ' = 1. = I, ,
Z) = 1. ^ vi ^,
0 = + , 0 = -2- + , = 2, = -2. / 1 3
2
1
, /(/?) =
h
Y- :
-^ (-^)
^+-1^ + ^ =+ + {-2)\
)
{'{)-'{^)-'{^)-"{^)-"-{)=
^
-
"
{>

/
('-1)(/-1)
-\
{-1)'
- +
/^+1 {p-^lf
Ep + F
^+-
'+1

-^{-\){
+ C{p +
+{Ep + F){p-lf{p
\)\'^\)^{^\'+\)+
\){p-\f{p''^-\)+D{p-\)\p'+\)^
+ l)\
419
=\, =. = 1 ,
1
^
D = . p=i
^
1
, = 0, F = .
4
^ ,
0 = + + , 0=^-A + C + B + D + F,
= = 0.
^ . . 1 1
Y(p)
1 1
-+
8(^,-1)'
1 1
-
8 (/? + !)
4/.1
,
y = -(te' +te~')sin?
= -(/ch/-sin/).
3.2.
: ) :'--4;; = 0, '-4+3 = 0; :(0) = 1, >'(0) = 1;
) " - / = 0, : ' - / ' = 28^; (0) = / ( 0 ) = 0, {0) = {0) = 2;
) x-y-z=0,
y-z-x=0,
z-x-yÔ;
(0)=-1, j/(0)=l, z(0)=O,
) x"+/=2sinr, /'+z'=2cos/, z"-x=0; x(0) = z(0) = / ( 0 ) = 0,
x'(0) = ;;(0) = - l , / ( 0 ) = l.
, a) ,
\pX{p)-x(0)-3X(p)-4Y{p)
\pY{p)-y(0)-4X{p)+3Y(p)
{p-3)X{p)-4Y{p) = \,
-4X{p)+{p + 3)Y{p) = l.
= 0,
=0
420
19
(/7),()
6 1
1 11
^. . . . . 33 11 22 1
()=
. - ^,
^ ' 5-5
5+5
^ ' 5-5
5+5
,
6
1 -5/
v = -e^'+-e^'.
= ,
5
5
5
5
) ,
\p'X{p)-px{0)-x'{0)-pY{p)+y{Q)
= Q,
__2_
pX{p)-x{Qi)-p'Y{p)+py{Q)+y'{0)
=
/+1

Xi^p) Y{p),
X[p) = 2:f^^-}-^4-^
^^^ / - 1
'--!
^+\
Y{p) = ^
^"^^
/-1
=^ - , - ^ .
'~1
,
JC = sh ^ + sin ^, y = cht + cos t,
) ,
\pX{p)-x{0)-Y{p)-Z{p)
\pY{p)-y{0)-Z{p)-X{p)
[pZ{p)-2{0)-X{p)-Y{p)
= 0,
= 0,
= 0.
,
pX{p)-Y{p)-Z{p)
-X{p)+pY{p)-Z{p)
-X{p)-Y{p)+pZ{p)
= -l,
= l,
= 0.
'+1
421
^(z), ^{)
Z{p).
-1 -1
= -1 -1 =
-1 -1
'--2.
-1 -1 -1
() = .
1 -1
-I
;, -1 -1
_'--2^
)=- -1 1 -1 ^--2
-10
Zip) = \
1
+\'
-1 -1
-1 1 = = 0 .
-1 -1
) ,
'{)-{)-'{)+{)-{)=
'+1
p^p)-py{0)-y'{0)
+ pZ{p)-z{0)
p'Z{p)-pz{0)-z'{0)-X{p)
= - ^ ,
+1
= 0.
422
19
,
+1
{)-2{) = ' +
-X{p) + p'Z{p) = l.
X[p),Y(p),Z[p),
^(rf=-7TT- ''('')=W '^"^'Th-v

,
jc = ~sin/, >^ = -cos^ 2 = sin
20

20.1*
.

1.
,
,
.
z

^
dz dz d'z d'z
d'z
dx dy dx^ dy^
= 0,
(1)
F .

, .
,
.

424
20
,
.
2.

X^X{x,y,z),
Y{x,y,z),
Z{x,y,z),
^ dx dy dz
^
.
^ ^
^ ^
= = ( (, j,z)=Cp / {x,y,z)=C2.
.
ZJ

(< (x,j;,z), V^ (x,;;,z)) = , {(/)
(/.

, ,
.
d'z
1.1. : ) ~ ^^' ^
d'z
z=z(x,y);6) -j = 0.
, ) :
,
dz
= 3^+({)^
z=x4x(p(y)+\l/(yl
( (), () .
d^z
) , -- = /\() + fiiy)

az
= xf^{y) + f,{y) + (p,{x)^
hiy)^\fAy)dy,
Aiy) = lf2(y)dy;
y/.iy) = \f2{y)dy,
y/îy) = lMy)dy
425
4- , ,
(, (), (2 (^). i ( Wi iy)
1.2. : )
= 0;)
zy-zx=.
^
^ dx
dy
dz
, ) = = ,
;;
X
dx
dy ^
= ^ , d2 = .
^
, jc^+j;^=Cj, z^C^-
{^+^, z)=0 z=i//'(x^+j^^), ^f -
^-^'^.
^ ^
^ dx
dy
dz
7
) = -^^ = , yz
xz
-y^=a,y^-z^=c.
{'-^, ^-^^) - z^=y^-^ ( {^-^), ( - .
20.2.

1.
j ;
,,,-,
'
(1)
426
20
,, \ .

D :
-^ <Q ;
-^ >0 ;
-^ =0 .

Ady^ - IBdxdy + Cdx"- =
(2)
(1)
(p{x,y)^Q,
\1/(,) = ^,
(3)
.

.
2.

.

(3).
^ =({, ), 7] = (, ), (1)

' + (f.
^
= 0.
^ 1

(p(x,y)iii/{x,y)
= C,^,
((,) \1/{,) .
^ = ( (, ),

427
] = I/A(JC, ), (1)
+ ^,',,
= 0.

, . .
((,) = . ^ -({,),
r\=\if{x,y),
/[,) , ([,),

|^ ^
\
] drjl
^0,
'
+ ^,',,
= 0.
(1)
,
.
2.1.
2 ^ ^
^ ^ 2 ^
= 0.
-"
2
. ^ = j ; ^ , = -, = ^,
- = X - () = ,
.
y^dy^+2xydxdy
+ x^dx^-
(ydy+ xdx)^ =0, -
428
20
ydy+xdx = , ^ +^ = .
^=^ +^, ] =
? ^
=
-+
-=
2-+,
]
}
]
(^
^
'
=2
=2
<^ '
' ^
' \
' ^
'
^77 I
(^7 :
_ ^
+ -
^2
'
' \
, '
+
^'^'^^,/'' 2-^^'^'^]^'
^ ^ + _ ^ ^ l v + 2= 4 v 4 2
^ ;; d^dridyf
^ ^ ^
<^'
^(' ^
[^
(^1
' = 2 \ -+ '
^'
^]
^]
' ]
'-
'
'
'
^:;-^, ^ ^ , ::^ '' ^'' '

'
''4^^+2'
2L L
2 ^
'
^ , '
2 ^"
+ 2
+
^7
^
^
|7]
^
..2^'^^2'
= 0.
^^
^
2 " - -, 2 " -
^
2rf
.
" " Z X
VJ j r i j i j n
^ ,
;^^:^-
+
2
=
0
--^+
..
.
^
=
0
.
'
|
77' ^-7'^
|
429
20*3*

<"
8?=" ?'
u(x,t) , ,
t.
^ - ~ , , .

-> < X < ^ . .
.

.

w(x,0) = (p(x), -^1
= W{xl
(2)
r=o
({), \if{x) .

( ),
^=x + at, rj^x-at. (1)

'
^
= ,
(^,1) = ^(^) + 2{]),

.
xj
, = u(xj)
(2),
(1)
430
20
-*^"*
t/(x,/) = [(:-(3/)-^( + )] + J
\l/{z)dz
(3)
3.1. - - ot
(~^ < < ^ > 0) :
1/(,0) = "" ;
= sin 2.
/=
. , ,
= 1
^2/ ,
^^
u(x,)='ê^-'Ue-<"'fy{\
-2xt
sin2z
tg(A: + 0
2l,2tgz
tg(^:-0
204.
,
( ),
,
.
4.1.
^
2 ^^"
-\
2 '
(1)

(0,^) = 0, u{l,t) = 0
(2)

u{x,0) = f{x),
u,{x,0) = F{x),
(3)
431^
f{x) F{x) [,/], / ( 0 ) = F{1) = .

.
/, : =
X = /.
X t:u = {xj).
^ = , ,
.
(xj) , ^=,
, L ,
.
(xj) , . '^ =-,
V
V
,
.

,

.
.

. .

u=X(x)T(t),
(4)
:, j^ (
).
u:^0,
():^0 T(t)z^Q, (4) (1),
X(x)T'(t)â^X''(x)T(t)
432
20
it) ^ ')
a^T{t) {)
^^^
, /,
(5) ,
,
-
r\t) ^ \) ^ ^
a^T(t) {)
,
''+ = 0
(6)
^ ' = 0.
(7)

(6) ,
,
(2).

(), -
,
. (
-),
.
1. < 0. ^+ ^ =0
^ 2 = /-
X = Qe"^"" + ^'^""
(2),
= Q+C2,
433
Cj= Cj- .
2. = 0. (6) "= ,
Z = q j c + C 2 .
(2),
= Cj0+C2; = CjZ+q. ^^ ^^ () =0.
3. > 0.
12=//
JSr = Ci cos / + sin /. (2)

0 = q , 0 = C2sin^//.
, 2^ ,
sin // = 0.
,=()^
(:=1,2,....)
(8)

,=,^,
(:=1,2,....).
(9)
flic
^ (7), / = (

_,
Tj^ =v4^cos
_ .
/ + 5^sm
)^7^ = 0 .
^
1 = 0,
..^.
(10)
Aj^,Bf^ .
(9),(10) (4),
. ,
u{x,t) = {af^ cos
, . . .
t + bj^sm
/)smx,
aj^=Aj^C^, ^^=^^^ .

434
20
. ^ ,
, . . .
{, 0 = 2L ^^ ^^^
^ "^ *^ ^^^
^^ ^^^^'
^t=i
(11)
II
(3)
^, 6^.
a,sin0 =/W.
(12)
(11) ^
^ ,
.
,
= 2^-{-a,sm-t
+
dt
jTi
^ .
b,cos--t)sm-x.
I
(3),
.
b,smx
/
1^
-_,. .
= F(x).
(13)
(12), (13)
/fxj F(x) [,/].
^, ^
(3^ = - - j / ( x ) s i n x d x
, (11),
flf^, 6^, ,
(2) (3)
.
4.2.
2^^w
(,0) = / ( )
435
(0<</)
(2)

w(jc,0) = 0, u{l,t) = 0 {0<t<oo),
(3)
. (1)
u(x,t)
/;
t ; .

u = X(x)T(tl
(4)
=() jc, = T(t)
/, ^ 0.
(4) (1), () T(t) =^''() T(t)
(0 _')
a^T(t) "" () '
/,
X, ,
. -
( ^')^
a^T(t)
()
,
'\)-\-() = 0,
(5)
r(t) + a^XT{t) = 0,
(6)
, (5)
= - \ (.(8) 4.1.)
(9) . .
(6)
' + (
= 0. ^ = ^
'
'
436
20
Aj^ . ,
(4) (1)
(,0 = ,
'
sinX,
(/:=!,2, ....),
bj^-Cj^j^ .
,
u(x,t) = 2,^,6
'
sinX,
=\
(7)
(1),
(3).
bj, ,
(7) (2).
(7) (2),
(8) /^:J
.
bk = - J / W s i n x r f x
*
(9)
, (7), bj^
(9),
(1).
/w=
;<,
2
I
l-jc;x>,
437
(9)
2'
.
b^ =~J jcsinxax + \{l'-x)smxax
/ Q
2, xl
^ I }
^ . ^
= (
c o s x 2 + cosjcax + z s i n x d x l
I ^"^ {
I
\
I
2, xl
xi 1I 'rr
,
4/ .
^ sin
(
c o s - cosxax =
'
2
I
I 2 ]
I
{)
(7)
,
Al^
. -<^ft
.
I
4.3.
= 0
(1)
, :
)
|<p,(x) =--.
= {(() 7 = - - ;
jc=0, =;
(2)
=^,
=<^{) =0,
{)
=;
(2-)
438
20
)
,()
= <)^{)
j; = | ;
;^ = - - :
^/((jc)
= 0;
y/jCJc)
x = a;
(2")
, ) -- + 7 = 0

.
2),
L,
D, ,
. .

u^Xix)Y(y),
(3)
(1)
(2).
(3) (1), ~--.
" + ' = 0, 7"-' = 0.
(4)
()
(0)=()=0.
(5)
(4)
() = C^cos +C^sin ^.
(6)
(6) (5), Cj=0, CjCos a+C2sin =0.
, , 2^0,
8=0, X^^Tik (/:=!,2,3, ....). = .

.
, =
X(x) = Csm
(^=1,2,3,....).
-^ =
7"-
439
....
(4), I
"^'
= 0.
(7)
J

, (7)
7 = Q^^ -^^ "^ = C i C h y + Q s h ^
2 .
, (3)
^
^ . . .
= {\\y^-Bsh>^)sm
^
, .

^/ J
^ . . ,
= > ( c h + ^ s h ; ; ) s i n .
1,^1
(8)

(2). v4^ ^ ,
(2)
"(^.)=(+5^^sh)sin = (,().
2 jt=i
2
2
1/(,-~) = 2 , ( ~
j5,sh-)sm^{).
2 jTi
2
2
(^() (2()
(, ),
440
20
, . ^
<)^,W = 2 . ^ ^ s i ^ '
, ^ ^,
<P2W = 2L^*sin,
(10)
2 , , . , , 2 , , .
jt = ~ ] (^) sii^ -:; 6^^ = (^) în -dx.
I
(9) (10),
, , ^ ,
A c h - + 5 , s h - =
2
2
.
^^sh
= 6..
2
2
Aj^,Bj^ (8),
2
:
(^{) = (2{)=^( (), ^ =6^^ =U> Wsin
e/jc
(11)
2
) /
b ,
, =>' +, =,
(2') (2)
, (11) ^ (^
yAj 1/^2. j ,

=\ 2ch
^^ ^^^
lb
441
b ^
>
V - ~ ) .
^k-b,7-^sh '-^^^^{))sin
^^^(
2b
2sh
(12)
\ kn.
2 f
b.j
*^ = T J V^2 (y) sin -^(y + -z)dy,

b\
b
2
2
B) ,
(2"), (11) (12).
4.4.
= 0
(1)
,
- = 0
<PJ(X)
=0, = ;
= -;
(2)
(^{)
= --b
. ,

, .

u = X(x)Y(y),
(3)
442
20
Y^'
=
X
= -^,
Y
"+ ' =0,

' - ' 7=0.
(4)
(3)
(2),
'{0)='()=0,
(5)
(4)
Z(^x^ = C^cos^^C'2sin^ (5) ,
X'(x)=-XC^sinXx+
=
X 205^ =0 2=0, smXa=0
(/:=0,1,2,....). ,
() =Ccos X,
(4)(. 4.1, ),

" =2.(Ach^+5,sh^)cos^\^^
(6)
^Q, B^ ,
:=0.
(2)
^,
,=^
kTi a
^kn
du
^y
, , ^ . .
, .
= 2,Ksh-+5,ch-)cosx+4)=9iW'
2a
2a
^ , ,
T^j a
2a
. knb.
2a
, . (7)
(p^{x) (pîx) c o s
(, )
<Pi (^) = Z ^^ ^^^

=\
' ^2 (^) = Z ^^ ^^^

=\
'
(8)
443
2Z f ,, ^^
,
2 , , . ^
:: ,
,,
^ - ~" ^1-^) ^^s

"^' ^/t = "" -^) ^^s
.
{
(7) (8)
, , ,
2
2
. ^ ^ ^^^^
I. (^=1,2, ....).
(9)
-^ sh
+5^ h
= bj^
2
2
-0 (9) ^=-^,
^= .
, ^=^.
Aj^,Bjû3 (9) (6),

M=-^v + 5 . + > (-^-1-ch^+-^r-^sh^)cos
.
2
r f 2/:: , A:;rZ?
^
2:: , /^:6
sh^^^
U ^::::ich
2
2
4.5. ,

2 ^^
'
^ T T + '-T^ + ^TTTTÔ,
(1)
Q
(,+2)
=(,) : )
{,,) = (,{\
(,,) = (,(1
(2)
. . - < 0 < , R^KKKR^;

)
{,) = 9(0), 0 < r < i ? , ~ < 0 < ; )
(,)
= ({\
R<r<oo,
-<0<.
, ) .
= R(r)T(Q) (1)
()
rR"{r) + rR'ir)
R(r)
,,
= -\
(3)
444
20
(3) T'(Q)-^^-
()= cos + sin ,
(4)

, /: = 0,1,2,....
(3)
r^R ''() +rR '(rj-k'R () =0.
(5)
: = (5)
R(r)=A^nr+B^.
(6)
k>Q,TO R () = f", ^ ( ~1)^^^-^/" = ^{?-^ = 0,. . = .
,
R(r)=Ar^+Br-^.
(7)
(4),(6) (7),
{) = ({.' + ^-") cos + ( + D.r-')sin 0)+4, In +^
(8)

(^() (2{)
] () = -^ + X ^^ COS -^-^ sin ),
*"
(p^{e) = ^ + ^{c,coske'bd,smke).
2
(9)
=]
(2)
(8)
(9),
cX^D,R;'=d,, ,+5=^, 4,in/?2+ô=Y -^^^^
445

(8),
2(lni?2-lni?i)
+-
2(ln7?2-lni?,)
(.^r'-c.r')r'-(aX-c.<)r-'
{b,R;' -d,R;')r'
+-^^-^^-^
-{bX-d,R^)r-'
^ V ,-4
. ,^,
'^-^sinA:0).
) (6),(7) A^- 5 = , ..
= . ,
d
(10), 5^ = - ^ 5^ = , . .
^ = CQ,
(8)
u(r,e) = ^ + J^(A,coske
2
+ C,smke)r'.
k=i
Aj^ ^
. ({)
[0,2],
jt=i
^0 = [ ({)1, 4 = j ^('^) ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ = j ^('^) ^^^ *^^^7t Q
/? Q
,
t
w(r,0) = ^ + f ( l + 25^()'(cosA:TcosA:0 + sin^Tsm^t0)<p(T)JT.

2
2 ^
;t=l
) (11) i?j=i? R^-ôo,
446
20
u(r,e) = ^+Yf^^coske
+ ^^^smke)
=+Y i-f (a, cos k9 + b, sin ).

^ fi r
4.6.
Au=f(x,y),
(1)

= 0 = 0, = 0, = , =,
(2)
.
w = Aw,
(2). = {) Y(y),
"+7"=7.
+ = .
X
Y
,
X''
7"
-7 ~ ' ~v "^ ' /7 .
(0) = {) = ,
(0) = Y{b) = , (.4.1),
.
.
^ m v-^J = si^
5 ^ ) = sm
1 1
1 1
^ = ~ ( , = 1,2,3,....).
, . ,^
. .
", =-^^ = sm
sin,
(3)

. (3)
(
1
2
(1)
AXY=-^7i
XY.
(4)
447
^^ ^
/fx,j;J,
fi^.y)
= 2^1,^, sin
m=l /1=1
sin,
^
(5)
a b
tz,,, = I l/(a,/3)sin
sm^dadp.
(4) (5), (3),

w(x,j;) = - 2 . Z .
^,
^^^
T-sin
sin
^^
^^
,
. . .
4sin
sinab
4.7.

= 0
w = (p(x,>^); -^^\^{^)
/
5
W = 0.
. 0<x<a, 0<j'<6.
w^W(x.y)T(t),
(2)
(3)
(4)
W(x,y) j , (^J
, (1)
448
20
WT,

.
(5), (3),

AW + XW = 0, Wl=-0.
(6)
W(x,y) = () Y(y), ()
X, Y{y) , (6)
''
= + A = v =const.
Wj^ =0,

Y
X''+vX = 0, = 0 = 0, = ,
/ | = 0, = 0 = 0, = ,
(7)
(8)
VHV-f)U = A .
(7)
(8), ,
2 .
X=J-sinX,
\
,.
fl .
"
b ^
(\
/2 = 1,2,...
\
( ^^
^"^ J
m = l,2,..
449
,
- (6)
I .. .
I
=:^
2 .
^ ^
(5), "^ +c^KJnm = .

Lm = An, COS c ^ t + sin Cy/X^t,
(10)
^ ^ .
(9) (10) (4), (1)
w{x,y,t) = J^j;^W{x,y)[Acosc^t
Bsinc^t).(n)
^ ^^
(2).
({,) /^.)
/
\
2 ^-1 -
. .
2 Y^ ^
va6 n m
. .
ci
b
a b
ylabii
r .
v . . mny J J
(2), =
(11),
^ =^nm-
450
20
(11) /, (2) / = ^^
=
^ ^^ (11),

^
.\
2 \-.v^
Voftrt^
,,
^ .
,
,, . .
J
4.8.

^
1 dw
1 ^ ^_
7^"^7"^"^"" '

w = (p{p,e),
-^ = \1/{,)
ot
t=0
(2)

= 0 Azpi/ = 1.
(3)
. ,
w = W{p,e)T{t),
(4)
$, .
(4) (1),
d^W 1 dW
1 d^W
T^+-^^T+^^T-WT"=0.
' p
p ' 0'
"
,
AW
W
.
" = -,
(5)
451
(5) (3)
-
^W + XW = 0,
^ U , =0-
(6)
(6)
W = R{p){),
(7)
R , Q,
(7) (6),
^ /?,
^ R
^^
, (0) 2 ,
(8)
"+=0,
(2:)=(0).
(9)
(9)
v=/t
(AZ = 0,1,2,...)
0) = cosn0+^ sinn0,
^ ^ .
(8)
' / ? " + / ? ('-Az')7? = ,
(10)
. . .
(3), R{p)
= 1 =
1=1
1=0
'
452
20
(10)
^ (^). ,
- (10), (),
,
/1">
1^^ = -\
/ () = 0.

(6)
Kn=[t^t^)\
^{){0), Kn{p)^:{e),
(12)
(9).
(5),
^ '' + =0. tnn
run
rnn

T^{t) = cosnih, r,=l, 7 1 = 0 t = 0,
T:n{t) = -\;^smni:h,
T:=0,
7;;=1
t = 0. (13)
((,) i//(p,0)
(12),
<?>(p.e) = II(a.O(0)+a>:(0)K(p),
=0 =\
{p,) = ttKn{e)+l:{))RM'
=0 =\
, 6, * &* .
(14)
453
, (2) (13), (14)

, (4), (7), (1)

^(,,=1()+;:)7;+
=0 =1
+(*. (e)+6>L ( ))/?. () (/)).

4.9.

; = 0,
. .
^
== ,
^^-^ = 0
W
(2)
= - + 2
+ --; qlx,y) [i
''
, ; D
; w{^x,y) .
.
.
4- , (1)
(2)
.4/4
w^ = 24D
(3)
-, WQ
b
g/D.
454
20
, w-w^-w^,

î(^9^)
bJSMy =
= 0,
= 0
= 0, = ,
qb' ('
24D '
, ,
J
=
0
=
-. (4)
' b
V
2

. w^=X[x)Y[y),

^1
= -
X'''Y + 2X'y''+XY^''=0,
(5)

X, Y
r = s i
n ^ , { = 1,2,...).
(6)
b
, Y
(4).
, (5)
,
, , . .
.
(6) (5),
' -^2
' ^
' \
= 0,

^
, , ,
,
, ,
=
+6
sh
+csn
+d
ch
.
" "
b
"" b
b
"
b
"" b
b
,
W,
455
= I^sin
(7)
=1
(4)
, , ^
d^ . ^,^
(4)
'
'
.3^
24D *
'
b ^
î
, sin , ( = 1,2,...). (8)

^
b
(4),(8)
Aqb^
n'Dn'
, , ,
:|-shlb
" lb
lb
n^K^ , , n^K^ ^^ . nna nna , nna \

a;ch
+o- 2ch-+-sh =-0,
lb
lb
lb
lb
V
a, 6 , . . = 1,3,....
, 6
(7),
4^6" V- 1
^ , . , ,
2+-sh
ch
26
26
26
1
1+ch
, , ^
sh
ch
26
456
20
20.5*

V. .
5.1.
'^
b*w
b^w
_{,)
'^ ^^'~
D '
^^^

: = , : = , = ,
^/ = 0, = &, = 0,
^^^
W z, ; q{x,y)
, ; D
.
. (1)

. (2) ,
.
,

v-iv-"
^ ^bZi^mn
. .
Sin
S^^"'
(3)
'^
^ ,
.
q{x,y)
.
-'-'
. .
^ ( ^ ' ^ ) = 2.2.^mnSin
sin^,
(3), (4) (1),
*^
(4)
457
' ^
. .
sin
sm
J J
b
, .
sin
sin
*^
IS
=
^ ^
D
V J
=ss-
(\
I^J
^ ^
sm-
sin
V '^

q{x,y)

4 .
?=Jj9(^,^)sin
. , ,
^m^dxdy.
2.
.
5.2. (1),

: = 0, = ,
=0
(5)
b
i/ = .
.
. 20.1.
458
20
b
2
X
b
2
~
'
. 20.1
, (5),

^ = X/m(^)sm(6)
fm{y) . (6)
(1),
' ^
.
1 .
^^^
sin
= q{x,y).{l)
' ^
- 2V
^
q(x,y)
v^
/ \ triKX
(8)
2f
q{y) = -\q{x,y)sm
dx.
(8) (7),
'
f:b)+
tM=
!:{)-
(9)
,
.
^ {) =^^.

459
\4
^-2^ + ^ ^ 1 = 0 .
,
V ^
\ -

,
-
^, ^, ^, d^
= .
,
(9)
.
,
,
,
,
,
^ / \
= .ch
y + b^ych
y-^c^sh
y + d^ysh
y + F^{y),
a
a
a
a
F^ (^y) (9).
, q = const
2
jfiK JC
9m(7) = - k s i n
<2^
4^
dx = -^,
a
(m = 1,3,5,...).
()
(11) (9),
,
, (10)
^=^= 0.
Uy)
= a.cb!!^y^d.ysi.!!Ey^-^,
( = U,5,...). (12)
460
20
(13)
(*!)= 4*!)-"
(12) (13),

^ =-z
2
w.sh ^
^ = -F 1 + ^ +sh2w chw.
^ +sh2w
2

^
(m = l,3,5,...).
4
D{mn)
sm
X,
20.6.

.
-
461[
, ,

.

F{p,q) = \\e-'^-'^f{x,y)dxdy,
(1)
= ( + 1, ^ = + iV .

{,)
^pu{p,q)-u{0,q).
{,)
_
_
^
* " {,)- (,),
(2)
"(,^) (,0) {,)

= 0, >' = 0, .. (0,>')->(0,^),
{,0)-^{,0).

-^
^^^{^)-{^,)
\(,)
'
^^,
(3)
_,
. _. . _. _ /
.
^ pqu {p,g)-qu {0,q)-pu {0,q) + u (0,0),
(0,^) (,0)

, ^-^
{,) = 0, = 0.

u{0,y) = a{y)-û{0,q),
{,0) = {)-^{,0),
462
20
/=0
1_
(\
^, . {,0)
=()^^^
-.
/v=o
, () = b ().
,
0<<^ 0<j;<oo.

+1 T+/ft>2
(iKiY
'.
'.
- --
(4)

.

.
"(;>) = - ^ + - V + - + ^ + ' ^ ( ; ^ ) .
(5)
, (/?) < ^ , ^ ,
.

.
6.1.
"
w (, /) = cos t,
w(x,0) = cosx,
. .
\^ ^-^ Jx=0
= 0.
V ^^ >=
= 0 -
463
.
(3)
-^pû{p,q)-pu{0,q),
'
'
-^^{,)-{,0).

,
(0,t) = cost > {0,q) =
^41
u[x,0) = cosxû
(,0) = ^.
_ ^ 2 - / ^
r-^ =
Pû{p,q)- 2
'+\
^ ' q'+\
.-/-^ ^
qû{p,q)
u{p,q) =
v^' + i ' + 1
(,1)(+.)'

(4)
w(x,/) = cosxcos^
6.2.
2 ^^w
= a^-:^Y^ 0<<,
(
""
_^
0<^<,
W ( 0 , / ) = WQ,
[,0) = 0,
"" ^^' UQ -
V ^^ Jx=Q
, > .
464
20
. (2),(3)
^ u[p,q)-pu{0,q)
-^-^{,{,0),

^dXj
<=0
,
f _
^
{,) = -
p\{p,q)-p-^
2..
{,) = ^2 2
"
-q
. - "
2q
' ^ - ^
-+p-J^
/?,
Wn
" + ""
, . .
(:,/) : -> >, ,
, .
{,) =
'^'-~^\
2
465
,
/
.(.,^) =
^ 1-
2a4t ))
[)^'-7=\ ""^dx.
6.3.
1^ _
dv __
{0,) = 0, (,0) = 0, v{0,y) = 0,

v{x,0) = 0.
.
-^^{,)-{0,),
-^{,)-{,0),
-^-^pv{p,q)-v{0,g),
j--^gv{p,g)-v{p,0).
{0,)^{0,)
= 0, {,0)^{,0)
= 0, v{0,y)-^v{0,g)
= 0,
(jc, 0) ^ {, 0) = ,
gu{p,g)-pv{p,g)
= 0,
pu{p,g)-qv{p,g)
= .
{,) =
^+^
__
^+^
V =
,
,
20
466
[x,q) = -j^mqx,
v = sin/.

(5) , ,
,
{x,q) = a
1, v{p,y) = a
,
t / ( x , > ' ) = <2
'/
3!
^'
'/
, v{x,y) = a
+
.
5!
3!
/'
5!
20. -

,
, , . -
.
,

.

.
7.1.
(1)
D
, . .
W =
X = ,
W =
= .
467
.
- .
,
(2),
w= 7 COScos^,
(3)
la
lb
/ ( ).
, W
(1), ,
(3),

Xcoscosdxdy^Q,
lb
la
(4)
X = /SAw-
D
w X, a X (4)
S
42Y
\ \
--
ylaj
'lb
2 TTJc
iTiy
dxdy = 0,
cos cos
-^^coscos
lb D
la
lb
la
/
q
\6qab
/ =
K^D
2\
'lb
,
\6qab
w=n^D
COS
la]
yib
COS
2a
2b
20
468
7.2.
8 ( + ^(:,;;)) = 1(),
(1)
= --+- ; ^()

2 \
1{)=
+ {,) + 4
(2)
{,), (,) ,
.
[,)
,
, (1)

- ,
. - .

(3)
1=1
. ,
, (pi {,)
,

.
, ,
, , {^^)-

-
469
(Pi{x,y)
D.
(:,>^)
(1), ,
(3),

(^ {,) (/ = 1,2,3,...).

J J [ s i n p ( A O + ^(x,>^))-L(0)](p.(x,j;)d!xdfy =
Y^c,(p,{x,y)
smp
-{,)
i=\
(4)
(p,{x,y)dxdy,
-L
/=1
/J

..
(4) .
(/ = 1,2,...), . .
, , (3),
.
(1)
D (. 20.2), = 0 {,)=0,
^{^) = [,) = , .
,
, = 1
(5)
(5) (4) D
470
20
l \ [^
Jo Jo
4 s i n p ( c , ( 6 x C 0 S - J C ^ ( V C O S ) + JC)'^^ '^
n
n
n
- ((Ci (6x COS ^^^+x^ {f COS ^^^) + xyf

(2
2 . 7;2
+ 4 ( q 3 x ' - s i n - ^ r ) ' y c o s - ^ t / j c J ; ; = 0,
a

7(1-sin )
^1=-
6(1 - sin ) + (1 + sin ) ( ) '

28
. 20.2.
,
,
.
, (1)
7(l-sinp)jc^cos
=
6(1 - sin ) + (1 + sin p){f
28
7.3.
471
(1)
D

w = 0, = 0
=0,
=.
(2)
. = ^-
, , (2),
,
w ^ / s i n ^ + / 2 sin
^ -^
-sin
TjxQf^, /2
-
foh
(3)
2:\
^(1 - cos
OS ^^^^dxdy = ,
sin^ (1 - cos 27^

^^^^^dxdy = ,
b
^ = 3-T + 2 j ^ ^ + 3 - ^ - f - = 4 y ; + / 2 S i n ' - r ) 8 ( - r c o s
+
dx
djc dy
oy
D
b
a
a
_.
/-0/^42/^42
2:_ - /^4
- InybLsm
2 ^ ^ ,
9
+/2
8() () cos 2: cos
8() sin
a b
a
b
b
a D
/ /2:
_4_
ID'
I
2 ^
'' 1 ^ \
ID'
472
20
^ U ^
\2

, /2 = . ^ = - ^

yJtj

U^
KX
w=sin
4D v ^ /
a
T. e (2)
.
7.4. -
J(
; = (/zL (,)-^)
(1)
= '1(,(),
(2)
cbW^^^^^^
^ ^
^1( ^ _
^ ^
L(w,w) =
' ^
'
^W^
' '
W , ,
= X = , = , ,
, h .
. ,

= /08
COS-^,
2
/ .
26
(4)
473
(4) (3).
(2),
= ^
sm s m -^^-cos c o s
21.2
\6'
lb
la
KX
COS
1'^ i^
la
lb
KU
H-COS-^

:
=
Ef ^
1'
a'^cos4-6'^cos +(x^^-i5i/^),
(5)
._ ^
fi , \ , ^
'
1 V
-+
'' b'
V .
(1) -
J j X c o s c o s d x d ,
la
lb
X = ^w
(6)
(<7+/1(,)).
(4) (5) (6)

D,
II / 1 , 1 ] , f/V^
II 16 ('"^6'J "^ 128(1-v'
20
474
2 71
2^ i J
cos C O S -âxau+^
2a
2b
Ef'^n'^h'r^rf
2_
cos-^^+-- c o s cos 2a
128 {{[a''
b'
cos^ dxdy - J J ^/ coscosdxdy = 0

2b
2a
2b
00
4v
Ehf
1 1
+(3-v^) 4 + ^ , 4
256(l-v') a 0
a
\^H 1'
H
J 'H
1
b'
\6q
'
= 0.
,
/ .
208.

-
{ + (,)) = 1{),
(1)
; {)
( :^2
V
^
- -
+ (,) + 4
' '
/:^2
) =
\2\
(2)
(, ), (, ) ,
.
. (1)
.

,+(,/) = 0,
(3)
475

,=0,(()1/{1
(4)
<(), y/iy) ,

.

,
(4) .
,
,
,

(4) (3) = 0, = h
'
(\0)-^)1\0
(/1,0), cp{h\ \if{Q) {,\ ({\ /()

; h
.
, ,

8(2+(,/)) = 1(^),
(5)

,=0,(()/(),
(6)
(6) (4) ,
(5), x = h, = 0
j^
1
-1(/1,0))-(/,0)
smp_
(p'\h)y/(0) + (p{h)y/'XO)
476
20
(1)

(p'\h)y/(0)+(p(h)iif"(0)
( = 1,2,3, ...)

,
- .

.

1. . , . .
. . . . ., , 1985.
448 .
2. . , . . :
. ., , 1982. 253 .
3. , , . .
: . ., , 2000. 399 .
4. . ., . ., . ,
. .
. ., , 1981. 303 .
5. . . . .
. ., , 1981, . 1, 1993. 464 ; . 2, 1994.
367 .
6. . ., . .
. ., , 1999. 335 .
7. . ., . .
. ., , 1993. 791 .
ISBN 5-7325-0768-

2
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . ,
. . , . .
010292 18.08.98
22.05.03. 13.08.03.
60x90 7,^. . . Times New Roman.
. . . 30,0. .-. . 29,1. 3000 . . 2849. .
"".
191023, -, ., 6.

. . . .
185005, . , . , 4.

Черненко - Высшая математика в примерах изадачах - 2

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. .

^2, --'^ci^, ...

|^| < 1 |^| > 1,

D < 1 (1) , D > I . D = 1

R > 1 (1) , R < 1 .

> 1 (1) , < \ .

' = ! - + .''' '

dx = lim I Inx (ilnx = lim In^ jc = limfln^ -In^ 2) = oo.

(2Q, flp ^2, 35 ,

= lim', ^ ' ^-^

^(), a^ix), ^{), ... ,

, 1 < ' < ^ , < X < 1 ,

! +1 > 10; >9 [, 1).

2^"^ > 1000

z^x + iy ; ^^^- ib^

6.2. : ) 2^ i"z"; ) 2^=0

(1), (2) , ().

(1), (2) , (4)

7.1. > 2^-^

" ^ " ^ ^ 3 / 2 "^^3/2 ^'

1 + - + - + ... + -,-1 + . + -,3/2 1+..... -2 + ... +

5"^' > 500

x''Jx + ... = ^ I x'dx-2^

III.COSX = l - | ^ + ^ - . . . + ( - l ) " ^ + ...

X. chx = l + + + ... + - - + ...

cos^x(2 + 3sm^x) + 5sin^ xfS-cos^x)

/ " ' ( ) = -82:(3 + 08)'=";

/^^(jc)= 3cos2x+cosx-9cosxsin^jcsin^2jc e"'"'''; /^^(0) = 4^,

/ ' " ( ) = 6048;

/ " ' ( ) = 120 + 48;

) (arcsinx)^; ) arctgvx; ) ch^x.

(-1 < < 1).

: ) 1 ""^ dx ; ) J x^arctg xdx 0

3.1. : ) cos = j;cos

\du = x; 2w + 91n|w-6| = jc-fC.

3.3. (^^ '-l)y' + 2xy^ = 0.

4.3. : ) -j^ctgx = --f-;

=72cosx + 2Ci '

^liPdx = yi\ + ^]dx

" = - ;^ Vi+7^ - - In |;>+VT+V + .

2 =2(x + i y ' 4 c 7J^ = V ^ + C.

9.1. : ) j;^^^ = e^""', ) = ^ = 1,

' = Cfx^ -1;

(y^ + C,)dy = dx,

= sin (jc + Cj).

pdp = dx, ^ = + Q , =yfbc+Q. y'=yj2x+Q.

^ = Cldy, \\\ = 1-\;,

:^+6/: + 13 = 0 ATJ 2 = - 3 2/.

j^ = CiCos4jc + C2sin4x y = A^\n{Ax-V(p).

) -ji-y = ^'^ ) / 4 4 / ^ 4 - 4 / ^ = 0; ) / - / = 0, ;;(0) = 0,

^ =0, ^^^ =1, ^^ =i.

, : , = -2, 2 =1, = , ^ =1, Q = 0.

"'" = cos - / sin

[ ^ Cj' = (p, (),

['= - cos 2 - 4 5 sin 2.

2 sin + 2 cos - cos

-^cosjc-5sinx-Cfe"'' -'"' +~'' -Acosx-Bsmx-Cxe'''

sin ) - "" ( V4 COS + 5 sin -

-"" (^ cos X + 5 sin ) = ^ sin .

Q)y"-v2y"+y' = 2e-'\ {0) = 2, / ( 0 ) = 1, / ' ( 0 ) = 1.

= e'"" \ (jc sin X + cos x)dx^ e'"" (2 sin x - jc cos x).

, = ,^" + Qe" + ^" ( - In (^ +1)).

u = Q+C2 82+ sin2x