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Fext
Fext Fint
Fint
Internal (Restoring)
Fint
Fext
External (Deforming)
Spring FBD
Fs Lf Fs Lf Fs x x
Fs
Stretching
Lo Lo
W N
Fs
(Coming out)
Spring Force
Shrinking
Fs kx
1 2 E pot kx 2
W
Fs : Spring Force (in N) Epot : Potential Energy (in J) x : Spring elongation (in m) k : Spring Constant or Stiffness (in N/m)
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals
Fs
(Coming in)
N
Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.
keq
Equivalent spring can replace original system All elongations are equal
st 1 2
F1 k11 F1 k1 st
Equilibrium
F2 k2 2 F2 k2 st
W F1 F2 k11 k2 2 keq st F1 F2 k1 st k2 st
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals
keq k1 k2
Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.
keq
Equivalent spring can replace original system Total elongation is summation of elongations
st 1 2
W F1 F2
1 1 1 keq k1 k 2
F2 k2 2 W k2 2
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals
W 2 k2
W W W keq k1 k 2
1 2 ... n eq
keq nk
In Series
1 2 ... n eq
1 1 1 1 ... keq k1 k2 kn
keq
k n
k1k 2 k1 k 2
k1 k2 ...kn k
keq
k1
m k3
k2
m k5 k3 k4
k1+k2+k5
k4
k1+k2+k5
m m
k1+k2+k5 m
k3
k4
k3 k4 1 1 k3 k4 k3 k4 kk keq k1 k2 k5 3 4 k3 k 4
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Example: The figure shows the suspension system of a freight truck with a parallel spring arrangement . Find the equivalent spring constant of the suspension if each of the three helical springs is made of steel (G=80x109 N/m2) and has five effective turns, mean coil diameter D =20 cm, and wire diameter d = 2 cm
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Solution:
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BASIC:
Thomson, W.T., Dahleh, M.D., 1997, Teoria de Vibraciones con Aplicaciones, Prentice Hall Iberoamericana, 5ta Edicin, Mxico. Inman, D., 2007, Engineering Vibration, Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition, USA. Moore, H., 2008, Matlab for Engineers, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, USA.
ADDITIONAL:
Balachandran, B., Magrab, E., 2006, Vibraciones, Thomson, 5ta Edicin, Mxico Rao, S.S., 2004, Mechanical Vibrations, Ed. Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, USA.
SPECIALIZED:
Hartog, D., 1974, Mecnica de las Vibraciones, Cecsa, Mexico. Harris, C., Piersol, A., 2001, Harris Shock and Vibration Handbook, McGraw Hill Professional, 5th Edition. USA.
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