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2011
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible. An access control for doors forms a vital link in a security chain. The
microcontroller based Door locker is an access control system that allows only authorized persons to access a restricted area. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller AT89C2051 which has a 2Kbytes of ROM for the program memory. The password is stored in the EPROM so that we can change it at any time. The system has a Keypad by which the password can be entered through it. When the entered password equals with the password stored in the memory then the relay gets on and so that the door is opened. If we entered a wrong password for more than three times then the Alarm is switched on. The default password is 1111 and you can change the password by dialing 1234, old password, new password #button. for example if you want to change the password from the default to 4523 then dial 123411114523# after dialing you can hear a beep sound which confirm the operation goes successful. There are two relays one to open the door and other to close the door. There is an button which should be placed inside the door so that the person inside can open/close the door. The passwords are stored on the EEPROM chip. The EEPROM works on I2C technology.
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MICROENGINE System
This door lock security system is from the Micro engine manufacturer. It consists of the input part, controller part and the output part. The input is using the smart card that use to activate the door. Next for the controller it uses the XP-M1000X as a controller. Then for the output it haves push button, emergency break glass and the door lock circuit. The door lock circuit is using the electromagnetic principle .So for the project that will be builds; the concept of the electromagnetic principle will be use in the project.
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CHAPTER - 2
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
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Resistor is a component that resists the flow of direct or alternating electric circuit. Resistors can limit or divide the current, reduce the voltage, protect an electric circuit, or provide large amounts of heat or light. An electric current is the movement of charged particles called electrons from one region to another. Resistors are usually placed in electric circuits. Physicists explain the flow of current through a material, such as a resistor, by comparing it to water flowing through a pipe. Resistors are designed to have a specific value of resistance. Resistors used in electric circuits are cylindrical. They are often color coded by three or four color bands that indicate the specific value of resistance. Resistors obey ohms law, which states that the current density is directly proportional to the electric field when the temperature is constant.
Capacitor
Capacitor or electric condenser is a device for storing an electric charge. The simplest form of capacitor consists of two metal plates separated by a non touching layer called ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 5
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the dielectric. When one plate is charged with electricity from a direct current or electrostatic source, the other plate have induced in it a charge of the opposite sign; that is, positive if the original charge is negative and negative if the original charge is positive. The electrical size of the capacitor is its capacitance. Capacitors are limited in the amount of electric charge they can absorb; they can conduct direct current for only instances but function well as conductors in alternating current circuits. Fixed capacity and variable capacity capacitors are used in conjunction with coils as resonant circuits in radios and other electronic equipment. Capacitors are produced in a wide variety of forms. Air, Mica, Ceramics, Paper, Oil, and Vacuums are used as dielectrics depending on the purpose for which the device is intended.
Relay
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts. Current flow through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be ON or OFF so relay have two switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches. Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and mechanical. The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current and a transistor is ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 6
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usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for the relay coil. Relays are usually Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) or Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) but they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available.
Pin Diagram
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The AT24C02 provides 2048 bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable readonly memory (EEPROM) organized as 256words of 8 bits each. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and commercial applications where low-power and lowvoltage operation are essential. The AT24C02 is available in space-saving 8-lead PDIP, 8-lead JEDEC SOIC, 8-lead MAP, 5-lead SOT23 (AT24C02) and 8-lead TSSOP packages and is accessed via a 2-wire serial interface. In addition, the entire family is available in 2.7V (2.7V to 5.5V) and 1.8V (1.8V to 5.5V) versions.
2. Internally Organized 128 x 8 (1K), 256 x 8 (2K), 3. 2-wire Serial Interface 4. Schmitt Trigger, Filtered Inputs for Noise Suppression 5. Bi-directional Data Transfer Protocol 6. 100 kHz (1.8V, 2.5V, 2.7V) and 400 kHz (5V) Compatibility 7. Write Protect Pin for Hardware Data Protection 8. 8-byte Page (1K, 2K), 16-byte Page (4K, 8K, 16K) Write Modes 9. Partial Page Writes are Allowed 10. Self-timed Write Cycle (10 ms max) 11. High-reliability Endurance: 1 Million Write Cycles Data Retention: 100 Years
12. Automotive Grade, Extended Temperature and Lead-Free Devices 13. 8-lead PDIP, 8-lead JEDEC SOIC, 8-lead MAP, 5-lead SOT23 and 8-lead
14.
TSSOP Packages
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Pin Description
Pin Diagram
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Features of AT89C2051
1. Compatible with MCS-51 Products 2. 2 Kbytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory 3. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles 4. 2.7 V to 6 V Operating Range 5. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz 6. Two-Level Program Memory Lock
7.
8. 15 Programmable I/O Lines 9. Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters 10. Six Interrupt Sources 11. Programmable Serial UART Channel ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 10
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System 12. Direct LED Drive Outputs 13. On-Chip Analog Comparator
14.
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Description
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2 Kbytes of Flash Programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry Standard MCS- 51 instruction set and pinout. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
PIN Configurations
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Block Diagram
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SWITCH
EQU P3.2
SDA EQU P3.4 SCL EQU P3.3 WTCMD EQU RDCMD EQU
;SDA=PIN5 ;SCL=PIN6 10100000B 10100001B ;WRITE DATA COMMAND Note 3 ;READ DATA COMMAND Note 3
KEYS EQU P1
ROW1 EQU P1.1 ROW2 EQU P1.2 ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 14
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System ROW3 EQU P1.3 ROW4 EQU P1.4 COL3 EQU P1.5 COL2 EQU P1.6 COL1 EQU P1.7
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; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------; Main routine. Program execution starts here. 8889 ; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------ORG 00H ; Reset
MOV SP,#60H
CLR ALRM SETB LED1 SETB LED2 ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 15
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CLR OPEN CLR CLOSE ;RESET THE PASSWORD TO 1111 FOR THE FIRST TIME MOV ADDRESS CALL OUTS MOV ;SEND IT A,#00H ;GET LOW BYTE ADDRESS ;SEND IT ;GET DATA BYTE A,#WTCMD ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND TO SEND
CJNE R1,#0FFH,PASS_OKG MOV A,#WTCMD ;SEND IT ;GET BYTE ADDRESS ;SEND IT ;GET DATA ;SEND IT ;SEND STOP CONDITION ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND
;SEND IT ;GET BYTE ADDRESS ;SEND IT ;GET DATA ;SEND IT ;SEND STOP CONDITION
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System CALL DELAY1 CALL DELAY1 SETB LED1 CLR ALRM
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KEYBOARD: MOV KEY,#00H SETB COL1 SETB COL2 SETB COL3 K11: CLR ROW1 CLR ROW2 CLR ROW3 CLR ROW4 MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,K11 K2: ACALL DEALAY MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,OVER SJMP K2 OVER: ACALL DEALAY ;check till all keys released ;call 20 msec delay ;see if any key is pressed ;mask unused bits ;key pressed, await closure
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,OVER1 SJMP K2 OVER1: MOV A,KEYS
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ORL A,#11111110B MOV KEYS,A CLR ROW1 MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,ROW_1 MOV A,KEYS ORL A,#11111110B MOV KEYS,A CLR ROW2 MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,ROW_2 MOV A,KEYS ORL A,#11111110B MOV KEYS,A CLR ROW3 MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B CJNE A,#11100000B,ROW_3 MOV A,KEYS ORL A,#11111110B MOV KEYS,A CLR ROW4 MOV A,KEYS ANL A,#11100000B ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 18
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ROW_1:
RLC A
JC MAT1 MOV KEY,#01H AJMP K1 MAT1: RLC A JC MAT2 MOV KEY,#02H AJMP K1 MAT2: JC K1 MOV KEY,#03H AJMP K1 RLC A
ROW_2:
RLC A
JC MAT3 MOV KEY,#04H AJMP K1 MAT3: RLC A JC MAT4 MOV KEY,#05H AJMP K1 MAT4: JC K1 MOV KEY,#06H AJMP K1 RLC A
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JC MAT5 MOV KEY,#07H AJMP K1 MAT5: RLC A JC MAT6 MOV KEY,#08H AJMP K1 MAT6: JC K1 MOV KEY,#09H AJMP K1 RLC A
ROW_4:
RLC A
JC MAT7 MOV KEY,#0AH MOV COUNT,#00H MOV CHANGE,#0FFH CLR OPEN CLR CLOSE SETB LED1 SETB LED2 MOV R3,#01H AJMP KEYBOARD MAT7: RLC A JC MAT8 MOV KEY,#0BH AJMP K1 MAT8: JC K1 ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 20 RLC A ;for 0
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CJNE R3,#01H,G1 INC R3 MOV N1,KEY AJMP KEYBOARD G1: CJNE R3,#02H,G2 INC R3 MOV N2,KEY AJMP KEYBOARD G2: CJNE R3,#03H,G3 INC R3 MOV N3,KEY AJMP KEYBOARD G3: CJNE R3,#04H,G4 MOV R3,#01H MOV N4,KEY G4:
MOV A,N1 SWAP A ORL A,N2 MOV N2,A MOV A,N3 ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 21 ;HIGHER DIGITSS IN N2
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System SWAP A ORL A,N4 MOV N4,A ;LOWER DISITS IN N4
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; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------;CHECK WITH PASSWORD STORED IN MEMORY ; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------MOV A,#WTCMD ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND TO SEND ADDRESS
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CLR ALRM MOV COUNT,#00H CLR LED1 SETB OPEN CALL DELAY4 CLR OPEN SETB LED1 ;Switch on open motor
SETB SWITCH JB SWITCH,$ JNB SWITCH,$ CLR LED1 SETB CLOSE CALL DELAY4 CLR LED1 CLR CLOSE ;Chk for SWITCH FOR CLOSING DOOR
SETB SWITCH JB SWITCH,$ JNB SWITCH,$ CLR LED1 SETB OPEN CALL DELAY4 SETB LED1 CLR OPEN ;Chk for SWITCH FOR OPENING DOOR
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System CLR ROW4 SETB COL1 JB COL1,$ CLR LED1 SETB CLOSE CALL DELAY4 SETB LED1 CLR CLOSE ;chk * for door closing
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AJMP KEYBOARD ; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------DFD1: MOV CHANGE,#0AAH CLR ALRM MOV COUNT,#00H AJMP KEYBOARD ; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------BV1: MOV A,N2 CJNE A,#12H, BV2 MOV A,N4 CJNE A,#34H,BV2 MOV CHANGE,#00H CLR ALRM MOV COUNT,#00H AJMP KEYBOARD ; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------; STORE NEW PASSWORD ;CHANGE PASSWORD
; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System BV2: MOV A,CHANGE CJNE A,#0AAH,DFD2 MOV CHANGE,#0FFH ;Chk for Change Password
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MOV
A,#WTCMD ;SEND IT
;GET BYTE ADDRESS ;SEND IT ;GET DATA ;SEND IT ;SEND STOP CONDITION
MOV
A,#WTCMD
;SEND IT ;GET BYTE ADDRESS ;SEND IT ;GET DATA ;SEND IT ;SEND STOP CONDITION
CLR LED1 SETB ALRM CALL DELAY1 CALL DELAY1 SETB LED1 CLR ALRM AJMP KEYBOARD ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 25
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; ---------==========----------==========---------=========--------DFD2: INC COUNT MOV A,COUNT CJNE A,#03H,HH1 SETB ALRM CLR LED1 MOV CHANGE,#0FFH MOV COUNT,#00H HH1: AJMP KEYBOARD
;(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( DEALAY: MOV R1,#50 REPP2: NOP DJNZ R1,REPP2 RET ;(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;*********************************************************************** ; THIS ROUTINE SENDS OUT CONTENTS OF THE ACCUMULATOR ; to the EEPROM and includes START condition. Refer to the data sheets ; for discussion of START and STOP conditions. ;***********************************************************************
R2,#8
SCL
;NOTE 1
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System NOP NOP NOP NOP CLR NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP CLR SCL A ;CLOCK = 0 ;SHIFT BIT ;NOTE 1 ;NOTE 1 SDA ;START CONDITION -- DATA = 0 ;NOTE 1
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BITLS SDA OTSL1 SDA SCL ;DATA = 1 ;CONTINUE ;DATA = 0 ;CLOCK HI ;NOTE 1
BITLS: CLR OTSL1: SETB NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP CLR DJNZ SETB NOP
;NOTE 1
SETB
SCL
;CLOCK ACK
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP ;NOTE 1 ;NOTE 1
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CLR RET
SCL
;********************************************************************** ; THIS ROUTINE SENDS OUT CONTENTS OF ACCUMLATOR TO EEPROM ; without sending a START condition. ;**********************************************************************
R2,#8 A
BITL SDA OTL1 SDA SCL ;DATA = 1 ;CONTINUE ;DATA = 0 ;CLOCK HI ;NOTE 1
BITL: CLR OTL1: SETB NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP
;NOTE 1
CLR
SCL
;CLOCK LOW
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System DJNZ SETB NOP R2,OTLP SDA ;DECREMENT COUNTER ;TURN PIN INTO INPUT ;NOTE 1
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SCL
;NOTE 1
SCL
STOP: CLR NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP SETB NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP SETB
SDA
;NOTE 1
SCL
;NOTE 1
SDA
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;******************************************************************* ; THIS ROUTINE READS A BYTE OF DATA FROM EEPROM ; From EEPROM current address pointer. ; Returns the data byte in R1 ;******************************************************************* CREAD: MOV A,#RDCMD ;LOAD READ COMMAND
;********************************************************************** ; THIS ROUTINE READS IN A BYTE FROM THE EEPROM ; and stores it in the accumulator ;**********************************************************************
IN:
MOV SETB
;LOOP COUNT ;SET DATA BIT HIGH FOR INPUT ;CLOCK LOW ;NOTE 1
;NOTE 1
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;CLOCK HIGH ;CLEAR CARRY ;JUMP IF DATA = 0 ;SET CARRY IF DATA = 1 ;ROTATE DATA INTO ACCUMULATOR ;DECREMENT COUNTER ;CLOCK LOW
;********************************************************************* ; This routine test for WRITE DONE condition ; by testing for an ACK. ; This routine can be run as soon as a STOP condition ; has been generated after the last data byte has been sent ; to the EEPROM. The routine loops until an ACK is received from ; the EEPROM. No ACK will be received until the EEPROM is done with ; the write operation. ;********************************************************************* ACKTST: MOV ADDRESS MOV CLR NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP CLR SCL AKTLP: RLC A JNC AKTLS ;NOTE 1 R2,#8 SDA ;LOOP COUNT -- EQUAL TO BIT COUNT ;START CONDITION -- DATA = 0 ;NOTE 1 A,#WTCMD ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND TO SEND
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System SETB SDA ;DATA = 1 JMP AKTL1 ;CONTINUE AKTLS: CLR SDA ;DATA = 0 AKTL1: SETB SCL ;CLOCK HI NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP CLR SCL ;CLOCK LOW DJNZ R2,AKTLP ;DECREMENT COUNTER SETB SDA ;TURN PIN INTO INPUT NOP ;NOTE 1 SETB SCL ;CLOCK ACK NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP JNB SDA,EXIT ;EXIT IF ACK (WRITE DONE) JMP ACKTST ;START OVER EXIT: CLR SCL ;CLOCK LOW CLR SDA ;DATA LOW NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP SETB SCL ;CLOCK HIGH NOP NOP NOP ;NOTE 1 NOP NOP SETB SDA ;STOP CONDITION RET DELAY: INLOP: MOV R0,#0FH MOV R1,#0FFH DJNZ R1,$ DJNZ R0,INLOP
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Microcontroller Based Door Locking System RET DELAY1: INLOP1: MOV R0,#0FFH MOV R1,#0FFH DJNZ R1,$ DJNZ R0,INLOP1 RET
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DELAY4: INLO2: INLO1: MOV R5,#12H CPL LED1 MOV R0,#0FFH MOV R1,#0FFH DJNZ R1,$ DJNZ R0,INLO1 DJNZ R5,INLO2 RET
END
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Chapter 3
DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY
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The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller AT89C2051.It is a low power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with12K bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash program memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable input output lines .The resulting architecture is more code efficient. Outputs from port pins of the microcontroller are fed to inputs IN1 through IN4 and enable pins of motor driver respectively, to drive geared motors.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 4
4.1 Problem formation and Methology
The main and very basic need of security was fulfilled by using the mechanical or electrical locks which are very heavy and designed for only one key. Therefore a large number of locks of required for locking a large industries there are many keys for different locks (i.e. a very tedious task to arrange these keys). These locks are not so much protective and could be broken by using some mechanical tools. All these problems could be solved if we use electronic locking system in place of these electrical & mechanical locks. There are also some more features are available in these electronic locking system The electronic security system are very light, flexible, reprogrammable, lower cost, more accurate, highly secure and required less power. In this way due to the introduction of the electronic security system the security need and fulfilled to a great extent and we could protect a whole industry or company very easily and rapidly.
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(c) Details
The Main Part of the above Circuit diagrams is the Microcontroller AT89C2051. The Keypad was the input device and it was connected in a matrix format so that the numbers of ports needed are reduced. The Microcontroller reads a four-digit password through the Keypad. Then the Microcontroller compares the four digit password with the number ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 38
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which is preprogrammed and if it is equal then the Microcontroller will switch on the motor for the door and if we enter the wrong password for more than three times then an alarm will be switched on until a right password was pressed through the Keypad. The Password was stored in the EEPROM and the password can be changed at any time using the same keypad. To change the password dial 1234 Old password- New Password. The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/500 Ma transformer is used for our purpose the primary of this transformer is connected in to main supply through on/off switch& fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes convert from 12V AC to 12V DC voltage. Which is further regulated to +5v.
(d) Flowchart
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Microcontroller Based Door Locking System 9 Led (1 red and 1 blue) 10 push button (qty 2) 11 Resistor networks (10k, qty 1) 12 Battery (12v, 5v (5 ki 2)) 13 transformer (12v) 14 IC 7805
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Chapter 6
Applications, Advantages and Limitation
Applications
For security purpose For locking purpose
Advantages
Highly secure Flexible & Reprogrammable Wide operating range & wide operating area Less power consumption Remotely controlled ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 46
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Limitation
Conclusion
Our electronic door lock performed as expected. We were able to implement all of the functions specified in our proposal. The biggest hurdle we had to overcome with this project was interfacing the micro controller with the hardware components. We feel that this electronic door lock is very marketable because it is easy to use, comparatively inexpensive due to low power consumption, and highly reliable. This door lock is therefore particularly useful in applications such as hotel room door locks, residential housing, and even office buildings.
REFERENCES
www.scibd.com ECE DEPARTMENT, MIT MANDSAUR Page 47
Microcontroller Based Door Locking System www.bing.com www.ehow.com www.8051projects.info www.howstuffworks.com www.answer.com
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