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NGN NG *Ting* Nc Nht a dng v h ngn ng. C th k n nhng h ngn ng ph bin nh ting Nht, ting min Trung Okinawa, ting Yaeyama, ting Miyako, v.v nhng trong ting Nht vn l th ting thong dng nht vi khong 127 triu ngi s dng. Bn cnh , ting Nht chu nhiu nh hng ca cng quc vn ha khu vc ny l Trung Quc. Ngi Nht s dng cc t vng ca Trung Quc lm cho ting Nht phong ph hn. *Ch vit* Bng ch ci ting Nht hin nay s dng 46 ch ci. Ngi Nht s dng 4 h thng ch vit sau y : ~ Ch Kanji : Hn t. L li ch tng hnh (Ch Kanji du nhp vo nc Nht t th k th III). ~ Ch Hiragana : Li ch ny c dng ging dy bc tiu hoc Nht Bn v ngi ngoi quc bt u hc ting Nht. ~ Ch Katakana : Dng phin m ting ngoi quc. ~ Ch Romaji : k t La M. TN GIO Nht l mt quc gia a dng v tn gio v tn ngng. Ba tn gio ln ca Nht Bn l Thn o, Pht gio v Thin cha gio. Theo thng k nm 1997 cho thy tng s ngi theo Thn o l 102 triu 213 nghn, chim 49,2%, s ngi theo o Pht l hn 91 triu 583 nghn, chim 44,1%, theo o Thin cha 3 triu 168 nghn, chim 1,5%, 5,2% cn li theo cc tn gio khc. Trc khi Pht gio gia nhp vo t nc Mt tri mc th ngi Nht tn th nhng v thn thin nhin : thn Mt tri, Mt trng v nhng v thn T tin, anh hng dn tcNhng thn linh , h gi l Kami. *Thn o (Shinto)* Cc tn ngng Kami a phng cng kt hp li vi nhau, tn ln mt v Thn Mt tri cao nht,c xem nh l v T ca Hong gia Nht. T tng ca Thn o l khng cm hay buc con ngi lm g, m ch khuyn nn hng ti s trong sng v trnh iu c. Phn ct yu trong Shinto l s thanh khit v s dung hp hi ha gia con ngi, thin nhin v thn linh) n th thn o gi l thn x. Cng Torii cng thn x l mt kin trc ph bin Nht. *Pht gio* Pht gio gia nhp vo Nht Bn t th k th VI. S pht trin ca Pht gio ti t nc ny c chia thnh nhiu thi k. Nht Bn hin c

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13 tng phi Pht gio chnh. Vi khong 75000 n cha v hn 30000 tng Pht cc loi, Pht gio Nht Bn c s lng cng trnh kin trc cc k ln. So *Thin Cha gio* vi Thn o v Pht gio, lch s ca Thin cha gio Nht Bn tng i tr. Thin cha gio b cm cho n tn gia th k XIXkhi Nht Bn li m ca ra th gii bn ngoi. NGH THUT *Ngh thut cm hoa Ikebana* Ikebana ra i vo 14 th k trc, c ngh ra tng trng cho mt s quan nim trit hc ca Pht gio ti Nht Bn.S cm hoa phi biu hin c thi gian, thng, ma, cng nh s tng trng lin tc ca vt liu s dng. Ngi Nht Bn li t nng v cc ng nt ca cch xp t, li b cc, v h pht trin ngh thut cm hoa bao gm c cnh, cung, l cng nh hoa. *Ngh thut xp giy Origami* Origami l mn ngh thut truyn thng xut x t Nht bn. Origami cng l ngh thut, ngh thut ca giy cng vi s kin tr, khi bn dn sc vo gp mt mu, bn s qun mnh l ai, qun mnh u, ch ch ti vic t c ci p y. khi bn chi Origami thng xuyn, bn s tp c thi quen t ch v ho nh. Yoshizawa Akira : l ngi sng lp hi origami Nht Bn. *Kch Noh* Noh - kch mt n l mt th loi quan trng trong ngh thut kch truyn thng Nht Bn, l loi hnh sn khu lu i nht trn th gii. Ch chnh ca kch Noh thng v nhng hn ma, kip sau, s ph du ca cuc sng... n tng ln lao nht m kch Noh li trong lng nhng ngi xem l nhng chic mt n mun hnh vn trng, m t y cc trng thi cm xc ca nhn vt. Bn thn chic mt n kch Noh cng c coi l mt th ngh thut ring bit v tr thnh mn su tp qu him i vi rt nhiu ngi.

M THC *Sushi* Mn sushi c lch s n hn 3000 nm nay vi hng trm cch ch bin sushi khc nhau, y sng to. Lc u Sushi khng i cng vi hi sn ti sng m tt c c nu chn, c dng nh mt mn n nh, khai v hoc nh mt mn n chnh trong ba n. Ngy nay Sushi c phc v vi rt nhiu loi c, hi sn ti

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sng. *Onigiri* Onigiri truyn thng c hnh tam gic hoc hnh ovan, bn ngoi c ph lp rong bin, bc vng trng hoc vng en. Cm nm onigiri rt ph bin Nht bn bi tnh tin dng ca n. Chnh s sng to ca ngi u bp cho ra nhng hnh th ng nghnh khc nhau khin onigiri truyn thng tr ln sinh ng v rt hp dn. *Dango* Dango ni chung l mt loi bnh c lm bng bt go luc sau khi vo vin.Thng c xin vo que tre, ung vi tr xanh. C nhiu loi Dango nh Anko dango, Chadango, Hanami dango L HI C nhng ngy quc l c quy nh bi php lut Nht Bn: Ngy mng mt Tt (: Ngy mng mt thng Mt. Vo ngy ny ngi Nht c rt nhiu truyn thng nh i l cha, cu may cho c nm (c coi l mt cng vic trng i) hay tng nhng tm ba may mn Omamori cho nhau. Ngy l trng thnh : ngy Ch Nht th 2 ca thng 1. y l ngy l dnh ring cho triu thanh nin ca nc ny c bit i vi nhng c cu trn 20 tui. Ngy Quc khnh: Ngy 11 thng 2. Ngy ny c vo nm 1966 k nim vic thnh lp t nc v nui dng tnh yu T Quc. Ngy Hin php: mng 3 thng 5. T nm 1947 ngy ny c ly k nim ngy hin php Nht c thit lp. Ngy thiu nhi (Kodomo no Hi): mng 5 thng 5. y l ngy l cu mong cho sc khe v hnh phc ca tr em. Thng l ngy l dnh ring cho tr em l con trai. Ngi ta thng treo c c chp vo ngy ny. Ngy Vn ha: Mng 3 thng 11. Ngy l khuyn khch cho s trn hng v pht trin ca nn vn ha truyn thng. c thit lp t nm 1946 nhm k nim ngy hin php Nht c chnh thc cng b. Ngy l cm t ngi lao ng: Ngy 23 thng 11. L ngy l nhm cao gi tr ca sc lao ng v cm t cho mt v ma bi thu. Ngy sinh nht ca Nht hong: Ngy 23 thng 12. L ngy l nhn dp sinh nht ca Nht hong Bnh Thnh hin nay. N s tip tc ti chng no Nht hong cn sng v tr v t nc. L hi sao (L hi Tanabata) Mt trong s nhng l hi p c t chc ti Nht Bn, c mt l hi lng mn nht l L hi Tanabata, hay cn gi l L hi sao (Star Festival) k chuyn v ngi con gi dt nn di Ngn H, c t chc hng nm vo ngy 7 thng 7 dng lch.Vo ngy ny hng nm, rt nhiu nhng cnh tre ti c trang tr bng nhng mnh giy nhiu mu sc c ghi nhng iu nguyn c ca mi ngi c treo khp ni Nht Bn. L hi bn pho hoa ven sng Sumida C vo dp h, khp ni trn t nc hoa anh o u t chc cc l hi bn pho hoa. L hi bn pho hoa ven sng Sumida, dng sng chy v pha ng qua khu vc dn c ng c ca Tokyo thng c t chc

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vo cui thng 7 hng nm.L hi bn pho hoa dc sng Sumida t chc ln u tin vo nm 1733. Vo nm trc , ton nc Nht b chu mt nn i khng khip lm n 900,000 ngi cht i. Chnh ph quyt nh t chc l hi bn pho hoa vi mong c nhng linh hn xu s c khuy kha, cng nh xua i bnh dch hch cng ang xut hin. L hi Obon. L hi Obon mang ngha l linh hn ca nhng ngi khut s quay tr li ni trn th, n cng ging nh ngy rm thng by l ngy X ti vong nhn (hay cn gi l L Vu lan) nc ta.Nhiu hot ng tn ngng c ngi Nht Bn t chc k nim : L dng la soi ng cho linh hn ca nhng ngi khut quay tr v tri (sau khi gh v thm trn th trong dp Obon) vo m 16 thng 8. L hi Hinamatsuri Hinamatsuri l ngy l ca b gi vo ngy mng 3 thng 3, l ngy k nim v by by t c mong ngi con gi s c mt tng lai hnh phc. Vo ngy ny ngi ta thng trng by hina ningyo (Ningyo l hnh nhn, bp b), mt tp hp bp b mc trang phc c, vi hoa anh o trng v vi ru np trng.

Kinh t Nht Bn l mt nn kinh t th trng pht trin. Quy m nn kinh t ny theo thc o GDP vi t gi th trng ln th hai trn th gii sau M, cn theo thc o GDP ngang gi sc mua ln th ba sau M v Trung Quc.

*ng Yen* Yn l n v tin t ca Nht Bn. Yn tr thnh n v tin t ca Nht Bn t ngy 27/6/1871. Hin ti yn gm c hnh thc tin kim loi (6 loi) ln tin giy (4 loi). Kinh t Nht Bn chng li sut hai thp k, song cc nh u t vn cn b li cun bi sc mnh ca ng yn. Yn Nht tng mnh so vi ng trong nhng tun gn y, v hin ti t n mc k lc k t nm 1995. ng Yn tng 8% so vi USD trong nm qua, khin cc cng ty, phi xem xt vic tng cng hot ng sn xut nc ngoi nhiu hn m boli nhun.

Exports - partners: China 18.88%, US 16.42%, South Korea 8.13%, Taiwan 6.27%, Hong Kong 5.49% (2009)

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Imports - partners: China 22.2%, US 10.96%, Australia 6.29%, Saudi Arabia 5.29%, UAE 4.12%, South Korea 3.98%, Indonesia 3.95% (2009) GDP - per capita (PPP): $32,600 (2009 est.) $34,400 (2008 est.) $34,800 (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars

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