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Artwork master
Exposure and
Inspection and touch up
Production phototools
Etching of inner layers
Inspection and repair
Plating through holes
Exposure and
development of
inner layers
Lamination and
drilling
development of
outer layers
Plating tin-lead and
Machine and solder mask
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Attributed graph
Graph matching methods
Non-referential inspection
Hybrid inspection methods
Automatic visual inspection

X-ray imaging and
other technologies
Morphological processing
Boundary analysis
Encoding techniques
Run-length encoding
Generic method
Pattern detection using boundary analysis
Radial matching algorithm
Learning methods
Shape comparison method
Circular pattern matching
Manual inspection
PCB inspection
Pattern attributed hypergraph
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k
J
p1
a1
b1
a2
b2
ai
a1 a2
q3
ai
a1
p1
b1 b2
bi
HY
a10
a2
q3
bi
a16
p3
a9
b4
a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 a9
p3
HX
a1 = ... = a16 and
b2
b1
a8
a7
either of b1, ..., b4 != ai
a1 a2
p2
p2
ai
q3 = 3 or 5 or 7
bi
a2
q4 = 2 or 4 or 6
a1
q4
a2
ai
bi
H K + 45
p1 = 6
h
BX
b2
a1
b1
b2
a7
h BY
b1
a1
a2
A fine line is, for example,

determined when:
b3
p2 = 4
p4
p4
b1
HK - 45
b2
a10
b2
a1
a2
b1
i = 3 or 4 or 5
For the conductors (
= w):
p3 = 2 or 3 or 4
q4
p4 = 1 or 2 or 3
A boundary is, for example, determined when:
For the substrate (

h
a1 = .... = ai, b1 = ... = bi, for all i
B45
B-45
p4 = 2 or 3 or 4
and ai != bi
(b) Fine-line Extraction Operators
(a) Boundary Extraction Operators
Pattern f and its processed
Pattern g and its processed
Feature Extraction
image
image
Result of comparison
Operators
of F and G
f
(1) Detected
patterns f, g
(2) Extracted
GK
boundry
lined F K, G K
in the Y direction
(3) Extracted fine
line pattern
F
= B)
p3 = 4 or 5 or 6
, G B in the
B
direction X
(c) Extraction of features and comparison of the extracted feature patterns
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A1
C2
C1
A2
B2
A3
C5
A4
B1
C3
B3
C4
A5
(b) Thinned sub-pattern
(a) PCB sub-pattern

A1
A2
Right-Connect
Left-Connect
(c) Pruned sub-pattern with lables
A4
A3
Right-Connect
Right-Connect
Right-Connect
Left-Connect
Left-Connect
Left-Connect
A5
Right-Connect
Left-Connect
NULL
NULL
NULL NULL
NULL
NULL
(d) Representation of RAG for segment A in Figure (c)

A
up
down
right
left
NULL
up
down
right
left
up
down
right
left
NULL
NULL
(e) Graphical representation of PAHG for the sub-image pattern (a)

A1
A2
D2
D1
B1
C2
B2 (f) Pruned defective PCB
C1
D3
C3
pattern with lables

C
D5
D4
B4
B3
(g) PAHG for Figure (f)
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b
Chain Code: 7777788118777665567777
(a)
Curvature code: 0001010-1-100-10-1011000
(b)
Changes in dir.: 01010-20-10-1020
(c)
Duration:
(d)
3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3
7
Extracted corners:
Changes in direction:
Duration: 3 2 3 2
Distance from A:
(a) Example of a small fault shape
-2
-2
4.5 8.0 12.5 16.0
(e)
(f)
(c) Chain code directions
(2) Nick/Bump
(1) Nick/Bump
B
a
(g)
F
c
(b) Corner extraction on image in Figure (a)
F
C
(3)Break/Short
(d) Fault shapes detectable by small fault detector
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s s s X
b b b
b
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X: blob-join
s: skeletal element
b: boundary element
X: T-joins
(a) n-joins; T-joins and blob-joins
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[
(a) Edge pixel templates
Horizontal
Edge templates
Vertical
Edge templates
Diagnol
Edge templates
(b) Edge templates

n
n
T Operator
Y Operator
I Operator
(c) Edge normal determination operators
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System
Inspecion Methods
Image System
Resolution
Scan Rate
Features/Benefits
Continuous operation is
AOI System
Design Rule Checking
20 CCD Cameras
AOI-20
(8 kinds of detection sensors)
Reflection/Transmission
and Comparison method
lighting
of conveyor system
Simultaneous use of
Two CCD Cameras
Menu driven user
Halogen Lamp Lighting
Mania
MOP-5002
1 mil
6.00 sq. ft/min
possible through the use
friendly software for
and Image Comparison
1 mil
6.00 sq. ft/min
easy and fast setup. Fast

unit under test changeover using patented
vacuum adaptor system
Dai-Nippon Screen
LED light,
OPI-5220
CCD line sensor
Complete Comparison
1 mil
19.20 sq. ft/min
Inspection
Reflection/Transmission
Inspection function of
lighting
product with special

shape
Shin-Nippon Steel
Halogen Lamp,
PT-2130
Multi-Directional illumination
1 mil
33.33 sq. ft/min
Speedy CCD Camera
Continuous Variable
Resolution (0.2 to 1mil)
Fastest Speed
Orbotech
Reflective and Diffusive Omni Fixed resolution
PC-1411

(Golden Board or CAD
lighting
0.5 mil
18 x 24 panels
Low cost startup,
45 sides / hour
On-line verification
download)
Orbotech
Reflective and Diffusive Omni Variable resolution
PC-1450

lighting
0.25 - 0.9 mil
18 x 24 panels
3 - 10 mil line width
38 - 160 sides / hour
technology
download)
Orbotech
Reflective and Diffusive Omni Variable resolution
18 x 24 panels
PC-1490

lighting
technology for high
0.20 - 0.5 mil
volume PCB shops
download)
Orbotech
Fluorescent technology
Variable resolution
18 x 24 panels
V-309i/x

(Blue Laser)
0.4 - 1.0 mil
technology for high

volume PCB shops
download)
Orbotech
Fluorescent technology
Variable resolution
12 x 12 panels
Vision Blaser

(Blue Laser)
0.25 - 0.5 mil
technology for high

volume PCB shops
download)
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Inspection and touch up

Inspection and touch up

Inspection and touch up

Etching of inner layers

Inspection and repair

Plating through holes

Inspection and repair

Plating tin-lead and

Inspection and repair

Machine and solder mask

Inspection and repair

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Reference based inspection

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Pattern g and its processed

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